Difference between revisions of "China in ten words"

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然后,崭新的词汇铺天盖地而来了。比如经常上 网的网民、炒股的股民、购买基金的基民、追星的粉 丝、下岗工人、农民工等等,正在支解瓜分「人民」 这个业已褪色的词汇。在文革时期,「人民」的定义 十分简单,就是「工农兵学商」,这里的「商」不是 指商人,是指从事商业工作的人群,比如商店的售货 员。我想,一九八九年的天安门事件,就是让「人民」 内容脱胎换骨的分水岭,或者说让「人民」进行了资 产重组,原有的内容被剥离,新的内容被置换了进去。 从文革开始到今天的四十多年,「人民」这个词 汇在中国的现实里好像是空的。用现在中国流行的经 济术语来说,「人民」只是一个壳资源,不同的时代 以不同的内容用它借壳上市。
 
然后,崭新的词汇铺天盖地而来了。比如经常上 网的网民、炒股的股民、购买基金的基民、追星的粉 丝、下岗工人、农民工等等,正在支解瓜分「人民」 这个业已褪色的词汇。在文革时期,「人民」的定义 十分简单,就是「工农兵学商」,这里的「商」不是 指商人,是指从事商业工作的人群,比如商店的售货 员。我想,一九八九年的天安门事件,就是让「人民」 内容脱胎换骨的分水岭,或者说让「人民」进行了资 产重组,原有的内容被剥离,新的内容被置换了进去。 从文革开始到今天的四十多年,「人民」这个词 汇在中国的现实里好像是空的。用现在中国流行的经 济术语来说,「人民」只是一个壳资源,不同的时代 以不同的内容用它借壳上市。
  
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In this paragraph, the author discusses the process of assigning new meanings to words. What's more, neologisms are increasingly entering the language due to growing demands - people are using the internet, and various social phenomena require new vocabulary.However, the most important is the definition of the word " the people", which depending on the moment in the China's history, takes on a new meaning. During the Cultural Revolution, the definition of the word "people" included peasants, soldiers, and workers. After the events at Tian'an men Square in 1989, this word took on a different meaning again.
  
 
=PMJ=
 
=PMJ=

Revision as of 02:47, 11 February 2024

The first chapter of "China in ten words"


WXT

人民

我在写下这个词汇的时候,总觉得自己写错了,或者说写得不像是「人民」。我闭上眼睛休息一会儿,睁开眼睛后觉得它有点像了;我再次闭上眼睛,当我再次睁开眼睛时,终于确定自己没有写错。这个词汇就是这样,让我有时候陌生,有时候熟悉。我不知道在今天的汉语里,还有哪个词汇像「人民」这样处境奇怪,它无处不在,同时又被人视而不见。今天的中国,好像只有官员们还在张口闭口说着「人民」,人民却很少提及这个词汇,或者说正在遗忘它。多亏了官员们的唾沫,这个词汇才显示了自己仍然存在。

The people

Whenever I write this word, I feel like I am writing it wrong or that it does not quite capture the essence of “the people”. I close my eyes for a moment to rest, and when I open them again, I think that it does kind of capture the essence. I close my eyes once more, and when I open them, I can finally be sure that I wrote it correctly. This word is just like that; sometimes it is unfamiliar, sometimes — familiar. I do not know if there are any other words in contemporary Chinese that are in such a strange situation, just like “the people”; a word that is everywhere, yet at the same time is ignored. In today's China, it seems that only the officials keep talking about “the people”, whereas the people themselves rarely mention this word or are forgetting it. It is thanks to the officials, that this word still exists.

WMF

在过去,这个词汇曾经是那么的显赫。我们的国 家叫「中华人民共和国」;毛主席说「为人民服务」; 当时最重要的报纸叫《人民日报》;我们这些单个的 人民天天说:「一九四九年以后,人民当家作主了。」 在我童年的岁月里,「人民」是和「毛主席」一 样了不起的词汇,我刚刚认字的时候,最先学会的就 是这两个词汇,然后才学会写下自己的名字和父母的 名字。年幼的我曾经认为:「人民就是毛主席,毛主 席就是人民。」

There is a reflection on the significance of the term "people" in the past, particularly during the time of Chairman Mao's leadership in China. It highlights the prevalence of the term in various aspects of society, such as the country's name, slogans, and daily conversations. The narrator reminisces about how "people" was one of the first words they learned as a child, emphasizing its importance alongside Chairman Mao. The passage suggests a strong association between the concept of "the people" and Chairman Mao during that period.

AHY

当时正在经历文化大革命,我得意洋洋地到处宣 布自己的发明,我看到很多疑惑的表情,他们似乎觉 得我的发明有待商榷,可是没有一个人明确表示反对。 那时候人人谨小慎微,只要说错一句话,就有可能成 为反革命分子,从而家破人亡。我的父母听到我的发 明时也是这样的表情,他们小心翼翼地看着我,拐弯 抹角地表示:这句话好像没有说错,可是最好不要再 说了。 这是我童年里最重要的发明,我舍不得不去说, 我继续将它挂在嘴边。有一天我突然为自己的发明找 到了证据,那时候流行这样一句话:「毛主席在我们 心中。」我发挥了这句话,我说:「每个人民心中都 有毛主席,毛主席心中有什么?有我们全部的人民。」 所以「人民就是毛主席,毛主席就是人民」。

The fragment highlights the severe consequences of uttering even a single inappropriate word, which could label someone as a counter-revolutionary, potentially leading to the destruction of their entire family. When the boy enthusiastically shared his slogan regarding Chairman Mao with his parents, they reassured him that there was nothing inherently wrong with it, yet cautioned him against repeating it.

YSY

我看到疑惑的表情在我们的小镇上逐渐消失,有 人开始点头表示同意,有人开始也这么说了。先是我 的小伙伴们这么说,接着大人们也这么说。 当很多人都在说:人民就是毛主席,毛主席就是 人民。我的危机感出来了,革命的年代里是没有专利 的,我发现自己作为发明者的身分正在迅速失去。我 到处申明:「这句话是我第一个说出来的。」 可是没有人对此有兴趣,最后连我身旁的小伙伴 们也不承认这句话是我的发明,面对我的据理力争, 或者可怜巴巴的哀求,他们个个摇着头说:「大家都 这么说。」

Gradually, people started using the narrator's saying regarding Mao. He discovered that others don't know or don't care that he was the first person to say it, even though he tried to explain it to them. They just replied that everybody uses that saying.

LML

我开始伤心,甚至后悔莫及,后悔将这个发明公 诸于世,我觉得应该将这个“发明永远藏在自己心里, 不让任何人知道,独自享用一辈子。则这些年来,西 方惊讶中国的巨大变化。历史在中国就像川剧中的变 脸,短短三十年,一个政治至上的中国,摇身一变成 为了一个金钱至尊的中国。 当历史转折的时候,总会出现某个标志性的事件, 一九八九年的天安门事件就是如此。北京的大学生走 出校门,汇集到了天安门广场,要求民主自由,同时 反对官倒。由于政府拒绝与学生对话的强硬立场,学 生开始绝食,市民们走上街头声援绝食学生。


ZYX

当时市 民对「民主自由」其实兴趣不大,吸引他们大规模加 入到这个运动中的是「反对官倒」的口号。那时候邓 小平倡导的改革开放进入了第十一个年头,虽然改革 带来了物价上涨,可是经济稳定增长,生活水平日益 提高,农民是改革开放的受益者;九 0 年代工厂的大 规模破产倒闭还没有来临,很多人还没有成为受害者。 当时的社会矛盾并不突出,不像今天的社会到处燃烧 着怒火,当时的社会仅仅是洋溢着怨气,对一些高官 的子女们利用国家的资源发财致富不满,这样的不满 情绪在反对官倒的口号里聚集了起来。现在看来,当 时少数人「官倒」的腐败和今天大规模的五花八门的 腐败比较起来实在不算什么。

At that time, Beijing residents were more concerned about "dishonest manipulation of officials" rather than "democratic freedoms". It was the eleventh year of reform and openness proclaimed by Deng Xiaoping. Prices were rising, but at the same time the economy was strengthening and living standards also were rising. Peasants benefited from the reforms, and mass bankruptcy of enterprises did not happen until the 1990s. The current blatant social contradictions were only just emerging. People were outraged by the behavior of some children of officials who were getting rich by using state resources. Compared to today's corruption, the "speculation of party workers" does not look so serious.

KMJ

从一九九 0 年代以来,中国腐败增长的速度和经 济的增长一样惊人。 这场席卷中国的如火如荼的群众运动,在六月四 日凌晨的枪声里很快安静下来了。同年的十月,我再 次去北京大学的时候,已经是截然不同的一番景象了, 天黑之后未名湖畔出现了一对一对恋爱的身影,学生 宿舍里传出来搓麻将的声音和背诵英文单词的声音。 仅仅过去了一个夏天,一切都改变了,仿佛春天的时 候什么都没有发生。如此巨大的反差似乎说明了这样 一个事实:天安门事件标志着中国人政治热情的一次 集中爆发,或者说标志着从文革以来积累起来的政治 热情终于一次性地释放干净了。接下来挣钱的热情替 代了政治的热情,当万众一心挣钱的时候,一九九 0 年代的经济繁荣自然来到了。 Since the 1990s, the speed of corruption growth in China has been as astonishing as the economic growth. The sweeping mass movement that engulfed China quieted down quickly in the early hours of June 4th. By October of the same year, when I went to Beijing University again, the scene was completely different - pairs of lovers appeared by the lake after dark, sounds of playing mahjong and reciting English words could be heard coming from student dormitories. In just one summer, everything had changed as if nothing had happened in the spring. Such a huge contrast seemed to indicate one fact: the Tiananmen Square incident marked a concentrated outbreak of political enthusiasm among the Chinese people, or marked the complete release of political enthusiasm accumulated since the Cultural Revolution. The enthusiasm for making money replaced this political enthusiasm, and when everyone was united in making money, economic prosperity of the 1990s naturally followed.

AX

然后,崭新的词汇铺天盖地而来了。比如经常上 网的网民、炒股的股民、购买基金的基民、追星的粉 丝、下岗工人、农民工等等,正在支解瓜分「人民」 这个业已褪色的词汇。在文革时期,「人民」的定义 十分简单,就是「工农兵学商」,这里的「商」不是 指商人,是指从事商业工作的人群,比如商店的售货 员。我想,一九八九年的天安门事件,就是让「人民」 内容脱胎换骨的分水岭,或者说让「人民」进行了资 产重组,原有的内容被剥离,新的内容被置换了进去。 从文革开始到今天的四十多年,「人民」这个词 汇在中国的现实里好像是空的。用现在中国流行的经 济术语来说,「人民」只是一个壳资源,不同的时代 以不同的内容用它借壳上市。

In this paragraph, the author discusses the process of assigning new meanings to words. What's more, neologisms are increasingly entering the language due to growing demands - people are using the internet, and various social phenomena require new vocabulary.However, the most important is the definition of the word " the people", which depending on the moment in the China's history, takes on a new meaning. During the Cultural Revolution, the definition of the word "people" included peasants, soldiers, and workers. After the events at Tian'an men Square in 1989, this word took on a different meaning again.

PMJ

一九八九年春天的北京,是一个无政府主义者的 天堂。警察突然消失了,大学生和市民自发地承担起 了警察的责任,我想,这样的北京也许再也不会出现。 共同的目标和共同的愿望,让一个没有警察的城市秩 序井然。只要走上街头,你就会感到亲切友好的气息 扑面而来,不用买票就可以乘坐地铁和公交车,所有 的人都在互相微笑,人和人之间没有了陌生感。我们 常见的街头争吵没有了;平日里斤斤计较的小商贩们, 免费向游行的人群供应食物和水;退休的老人从他们 微薄的银行存款里取出现金,捐给广场上绝食的学生; 还有小偷们,他们以偷盗协会的名义发出公告:为了 声援绝食学生,停止一切偷盗行为……当时的北京,可 以说是一座「四海之内皆兄弟」的城市。


AKR

生活在中国的城市里,会有一个强烈的感受:就 是人多。可是经历了天安门广场的百万群众大游行之 后,你才会真正感受到:中国是世界上人口最多的国 家。天安门广场每天都是人山人海的壮观景象。一些 从外地赶来的大学生,站在广场的一隅,或者站在街 头日复一日地演讲,嗓子哑了,甚至说不出声音了, 仍然顽强地说着。围观的人是男女老少,不论是饱经 风霜的老者,还是怀抱婴儿的母亲,面对年轻学生稚 气的脸,甚至是稚气的话,都是满脸尊重的表情,频 频点头和热情鼓掌。 也有让我感到滑稽的时候。有一天下午,我来到 建国门中国社会科学院的一间昏暗的大屋子里,参加 首都知识界联合会的一个聚会,在等待赵紫阳的智囊 团成员之一的严家其时,我看到几个人在指责一家报 纸的副总编辑,这家报纸刚刚发表了一份首都知识界 联合会的声明,这几个人的不满是因为他们在声明中 的署名位置太靠后了,在他们前面的署名里有几个人 没有他们的名气大。


JL

他们责问,为什么把没有什么名 气的人放在他们前面?那位倒霉的副总编辑一再解释 不是他们的责任,甚至道歉的话也说了,可是这几个 人还是不依不挠。直到严家其的出现,这出闹剧才算 结束。 这是我第一次见到严家其,以后没再见到过他。 我清晰地记得那天下午的情景,这位当时能够经常见 到赵紫阳的著名学者,心事重重地走进了这间昏暗的 大屋子,人们安静下来,严家其带来了一个坏消息, 他声音低沉地说:「紫阳住院了。」 在当时的政治环境里,政治人物只要是以身体有 病的理由住到医院,就意味着失去了权力,或者意味 着躲避了起来。严家其带来了赵紫阳住院的消息,那 间大屋子里的知识分子们立刻明白发生了什么,有人 开始悄悄地溜走,然后这些知识分子就像是落叶在秋 风中散落那样离去了。

The deputy had to explain that it is not his responsibility whether or not it was famous people or not that were put first. It was when Yan Jiaqi appeared (and was seen by narrator only this one time) and announced that Zhao Ziyang was in the hospital. It was awful loss for his power and influences which meant that intellectuals started to quickly feel dread.

天安门事件之后,赵紫阳销声匿迹,直到二 00 五年逝世,新华社才为这位重要的政治人物发布一条 简短的新闻:「赵紫阳同志长期患呼吸系统和心血管 系统的多种疾病,多次住院治疗,近日病情恶化,经 抢救无效,于一月十七日在北京逝世,终年八十五岁。」 在中国,就是一位退休的部长去世,官方的报导 也比这条新闻丰富得多。这条新闻里没有介绍这位党 和国家前领导人的生平,也没有提及遗体告别的日期。 可是生活在北京南站的一个上访者的群体,却知道赵 紫阳遗体告别的日期。我不知道这个中国社会里最为 弱势的「人民」是透过什么渠道获得的,他们自发地 组织起来,去向赵紫阳的遗体告别,警察理所当然地 将他们拒之门外,因为他们没有遗体告别的准入证, 他们就在外面拉开横幅,缅怀和悼念赵紫阳。

After the Tiananmen Incident, Zhao Ziyang disappeared. He was not mentioned in state media until his death in 2005. Despite being an important political figure, his death was commented with only a brief note, saying that comrade Zhao Ziyang had a long history of various diseases and his condition recently got worse, leading to his death on January 17 at the age of 85. This laconic mention was unusual for a political figure of this range - the news didn't include life summary of the former lider, it didn't even include the date of funeral. Still, a group of petitioners spontaneously organized themselves to attend Zhao Ziyang's farewell. They unfurled a banner honoring and mourning the former Party leader. ⚰️🪦🕊️🙏


SSM

这些生活在社会底层的上访者,是中国社会腐败 的牺牲品。他们遭受了各种冤屈和欺压,他们曾经满 怀希望诉诸法律,希望中国的法官们能够还给他们公 正,可是中国司法的腐败让这些人对法律完全绝望了。 他们来到北京上访,期望更高级别的官员可以为他们 伸张正义。这些人被称为是中国的「司法难民」。 中国有一个建立在法律之外的信访制度,让蒙受 不同冤屈的人有一个残存的希望,让腐败和司法不公 的受害者幻想还有清官的存在。这是中国历史上源远 流长的人治传统的影响,人们对清官的期盼超过对法 律的信任。这些上访者倾家荡产地东奔西走,梦想着 有一天会出现某个清官为自己伸张正义。二 00 四年的 时候,中国官方公布的上访案件已经高达一千万起。 这些上访者的艰难生活是常人难以想象的,他们忍饥 挨饿露宿街头,像乞丐一样被警察到处驱赶,还被少 数生活优越的知识分子称之为精神病人。 Petitioners living at the bottom of Chinese society are in a tragic situation. They become victims of societal corruption. At first they were looking for a legal runaway and hoped for justice from Chinese judges, but the corruption within the people in court left them hopeless. Turning to petitioning in Beijing, they seek intervention from higher-ranking officials in the hope of obtaining justice, earning them the label of "judicial refugees." These petitioners, facing poverty, search of a day when an official will protect their cause. As of 2004, official statistics revealed over ten million petitioning cases in China, illustrating that the poor endure hunger, homelessness, and bad treatment form the police ,while being stigmatized by intellectuals as mentally ill.

YL

就是这样的一个弱势的「人民」,二 00 五年一月 的时候来向赵紫阳的遗体告别了。他们认为赵紫阳是 「中国最冤的人」,比他们还冤。他们虽然饱受冤屈, 可是还有上访的机会,他们说冤枉的赵紫阳都「无处 上访」。 五月底我回到浙江,处理完家事,六月三日下午 坐上火车返回北京。我躺在硬卧车厢的上铺,听着车 轮在铁轨上发出的隆隆响声,车厢里亮起了灯光,我 知道黑夜来临了。那时候我觉得这场漫长的学生运动 就像马拉松,我不知道什么时候才会结束。可是清晨 我醒来的时候,火车接近了北京,我听到车厢里的广 播响起,播音员激昂的声音让我明白部队已经进入天 安门广场了。

It was exactly these vulnerable "people"who in January 2005 bid farewell to Zhao Ziyang. They thought he was "the most wronged person in China", even more than them. Even though they were wronged, there had always been always a chance to petition, while Zhao Ziyang had "nowhere to go with his petition". I came back to my hometown Zhejiang in late May and after dealing with some family affairs, on June 3rd I got on a train to return to Beijing. I laid on a bunk in a "hard sleeper car", listening to the rumbling of the wheels on the tracks, I only noticed that it was already night when the lights in the car turned on. Right then I thought that this student movement is similar to a marathon, it will last a long while and noone knows when it will end. But when I woke up in the morning, the train was was approaching Beijing, the speakers were turned on, and the voice of the speaker made me realize that the army has entered Tiananmen Square.

WYX

六月四日的枪声之后,无论是北京的还是外地来 的大学生开始撤离。我清晰地记得那天早晨走出北京 站时人山人海的情景,当人们大规模撤离北京时,我 却不合时宜地返回了北京。我背着旅行袋茫然地走出 火车站前的广场,与蜂拥而来的人群不断相撞,我意 识到自己也会马上离开这里。 我是六月七日离开的,当时因为上海的一列火车 被烧毁,京沪铁路的交通暂时中断,我计划坐火车绕 道去武汉,再从武汉坐船回到浙江老家。我们几个人 坐在一辆雇来的平板车上,沿着长安街前往北京站。 几天前还是沸腾的北京,几天后已是满目冷清的景象, 街上几乎没有行人,一些烧毁的汽车还在冒着残存的 黑烟,经过建国门立交桥时,一辆坦克驻扎在桥上, 炮筒威风凛凛地对着弱不禁风的我们。到了北京站, 在拥挤的售票窗口互相推搡,费尽力气终于买到了站 票,那时已经没有座位票了,进站时受到执勤军人的 严格检查,确定我的脸不像通缉令上所有的人像后, 才放我进去。


TXL

我从来没有坐过如此拥挤的火车,车厢里全是逃 离北京的大学生,人和人挤在一起几乎都没有了缝隙。 麻烦的是,火车驶出北京一个小时后,我必须去一趟 厕所,我使劲往车厢厕所的方向挤过去,挤到一半的 路途时,我知道挤过去也没有用了,我听到有人吼叫 着使劲拍打厕所的门,可是厕所里也挤满了人,里面 人的喊叫着说门无法打开。我只好将尿憋了三个小时, 到了石家庄我立刻下车,出站后先去了一趟厕所,然 后找到一个公用电话,给当时石家庄的一家文学杂志 的主编打了一个请求援助的电话,这位主编在电话里 听完我的讲述之后说:「现在这么乱,你哪里都别去 了,住下来给我们写小说吧。」我在石家庄住了一个 多月,心猿意马地写着小说。最初的时候,电视上每 天都在播出抓到了通缉令上的大学生,而且是以滚动 的形式反复播出。这样密集的滚动播出,以后只有在 奥运会期间中国运动员拿到金牌时才会出现在电视 上。我身处他乡,在陌生的旅馆房间里,看着电视上 被捕大学生茫然的表情,听着播音员激昂的声音,我 感受到了什么是恐怖。