Difference between revisions of "Text Comp 2024"
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Please think of a text sort you would like to try. Whenever you indicate a reference, please also mention the page number. Please confirm with the instructor that the topic is appropriate. | Please think of a text sort you would like to try. Whenever you indicate a reference, please also mention the page number. Please confirm with the instructor that the topic is appropriate. | ||
| − | =Session 3 | + | =Session 3 THU Mar 21, 8:00-8:30 s. 413 SIN II MGR: 童话故事 Fairy tales - Translation Exercise in Class= |
Please sort this text sort into the hierarchy we have introduced. Does it fit in more than one category? | Please sort this text sort into the hierarchy we have introduced. Does it fit in more than one category? | ||
Revision as of 04:18, 21 March 2024
Welcome to our course website Text_Comp_2024!
Session 1: Organizational issues THU Feb 29, 8:00-8:30 s. 413 SIN II MGR
Session 1: 1. What we learn in this class
- We learn about Chinese text sorts and appropriate writing styles.
- We learn how to translate Chinese text sorts from Chinese into English.
- We learn how to write Chinese texts according to the specific traditions of text sorts.
- We learn to recognize, to understand and to translate different text sorts and writing styles in Chinese.
- We learn to identify characteristics of certain text types, including form and style, common expressions, language level, level of formality, etc.
- We learn to create different text sorts by ourself.
Session 1: 2. Schedule and ...
文章写作 Praktyczna nauka języka chińskiego – kompozycja tekstu SIN II MGR Thursdays s. 413 Sess1 Feb 29 8-9:30, Sess2 Feb 29 9:45-11:15, Sess3 Mar 21, 8:00-9:30, Sess4 Mar 21, 9:45-11:15, Sess5 Apr 4, 8:00-9:30, Sess6 Apr 4, 9:45-11:15, Sess7 Apr 25 8:00-9:30, Sess 8 Apr 25, 9:45-11:15, Sess9 May 9, 8:00-9:30, Sess10 May 9, 9:45-11:15, Sess11 June 13 8:00-9:30, Sess12 June 13, 9:45-11:15, Sess13 MON Jun 17, 8:00-9:30, Sess14 MON Jun 17, 9:45-11:15, Sess15 Jun 20, 8:00-9:30, FinEx Jun 20, 9:45-11:15
Session 1: 2. ... Topics
Session 1: Organization things and systematic overview, Session 2: Fairy Tales, Session 3: ChatGPT, Session 4: ...
Session 1: 3. Suggested changes for this semester
Get a more systematic overview about the different text categories in Chinese understanding in session 1. For sessions 2-15: Always start with a translation of an original Chinese text, identify common structures, terms, idioms, sentence patterns, styles etc. and understand rules of a certain text category. Then create a short (beginning of) a text and get feedback on it live in class.
Session 1: 4. last exam papers
hand back exam papers from last semester, please read comments/corrections
Suggestion: Read best texts composed out aloud.
Task: Listen. If you have questions or suggestions, please interrupt any time. At the end of the reading, please state your impression.
Session 2 THU Feb 29, 9:45-11:15 s. 413 SIN II MGR: 5. Overview on text sorts and writing styles
Task: We read together the definitions of each category on the website. Please make some notes here with the aspects deemed most important to yourself about the categories.
Please have a look at the following blog: https://www.cnblogs.com/bxf0011/p/16178226.html
Chinese text sorts in China are sorted to a specific hierarchical system as follows:
三大文体 The Three Styles of Writing
记叙文 Narrative writing
记叙文重在以情动人;Narrative essays focus on moving people with emotion;
说明文 Expository writing
说明文重在以事明人;Explanatory essays focus on the facts;
议论文 Argumentative essay
议论文重在以理服人 The argumentative essay focuses on convincing people with reasoning
四大体裁 The four major genres
诗歌 Poetry
散文 Prose
小说 Fiction
戏曲 Opera
五大表达方式 Five major modes of expression
记叙 Narrative
描写 Description
抒情 Lyric/Expression of Emotions
说明 Explanation
议论 Discussion
Introduction to the different text sorts, writing styles, genres etc.
描写与记叙的区别是什么?形象、生动的描写,清楚、具体的叙述。
1、应用对象的不同。叙述的作用,一般用于对人物身世、地位、经历等的介绍,对事物的发生、发展、变化的经过的交待。描写主要用于对美的风景、人物的形象、人物的内心世界以及人物的语言、动作和物体的状态等方面进行刻画、描摹。
2、形象感不同。描写,是对人和事物的描摹,重视原来的模样、状态、情景,常常要绘声绘色,给人以身临其境的感觉,形象感强。叙述只是交待人和事物的经历,缺乏描写所表现出来的那种形象感。
文体分为文章体裁和文学体裁。文章体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文。文学体裁包括诗歌、小说、戏剧、散文。”
1、记叙文:以记叙为主要表达方式的记人、叙事、写景、状物的文体。
它具备六要素:时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果。
记叙文的样式有消息、通讯(主要包括人物通讯和事件通讯)、游记、人物特写、回忆录等。
例如,夏浩然、樊云芳的《“飞天”凌空》是一篇新闻特写,细致描绘了吕伟在10米跳台跳水比赛中夺冠的精彩场面,把连贯的跳水动作分解为起跳、腾空、入水3个步骤,热情赞美吕伟的精彩表现,表现了强烈的民族自豪感和爱国热情。
2、说明文:以说明为主要表达方式,介绍事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、功能或阐释事理的含义、特点、来源、演变、原理等的文体。
它包括广告、说明书、提要、规则、章程、解说词和科学小品等。
按照说明对象来分,说明文可以分为事物说明文和事理说明文。
按照语言风格来分,说明文可以分为平实性说明文和生动性说明文。
例如,茅以升的《中国石拱桥》是一篇平实性事物说明文,介绍了中国石拱桥历史悠久、造型优美、结构坚固、形式多样等特点,赞美了我国劳动人民的勤劳和智慧。
3、议论文:以议论为主要表达方式,分析、评论某个问题或某个事件,表明观点、立场、态度或看法的文体。
议论文的论证方法主要有举例论证、引用论证、对比论证和比喻论证等。
例如,利哈乔夫的《论教养》这篇议论文提出“教养首先体现在家里”的观点,列举了6种“无教养”的例子和“有教养”的表现,指出优雅风度是有教养的重要表现,引导人们努力做有教养的人。
4、应用文:一般指各级国家机关、企事业单位、社会团体以及个人处理公私事务、传播信息、表达意愿等所应用的具有一定格式的文体的总称。
应用文种类繁多,格式一般包括称呼、问候语、正文、祝颂语、署名和日期。
例如,雨果的《就英法联军远征中国致巴特勒上尉的信》热情赞扬圆明园是世界奇迹,谴责英法联军的强盗行为,体现了雨果的人道主义精神;开头顶格写称谓“先生”,正文先交代写信缘由,后表明自己的看法,结尾有署名和日期。
5、诗歌:用高度凝练的语言,生动形象地表达作者的思想感情,集中反映社会生活并具有一定节奏和韵律的文学体裁。
按照时间先后,可以分为古诗和现代诗。
古诗按照音律,可以分为不讲对仗,押韵较自由的古体诗和在字数、句数、平仄、用韵等方面都有严格规定的近体诗(绝句和律诗)。
按照表达方式,可以分为叙事诗、抒情诗和哲理诗等。
例如,刘禹锡的《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》这首律诗抒发了诗人刘禹锡的复杂感情:既有对自身长期被贬谪流放的心酸、愤懑,也有对世事变迁的慨叹,还有百折不挠、积极进取的乐观精神。
6、小说:以刻画人物形象为中心,通过完整的故事情节和环境描写来反映社会生活的文学体裁。
按照篇幅及容量,可以分为长篇小说、中篇小说、短篇小说和微型小说(小小说)。
按照表现内容,可以分为神话、仙侠、武侠、科幻、公案、言情、官场、悬疑小说等。
按照体制,可以分为章回体小说、日记体小说、书信体小说、自传体小说。
按照语言形式,可以分为文言小说和白话小说。
例如,鲁迅的《故乡》这篇小说着重刻画了闰土和杨二嫂两个人物形象,运用对比手法,反映了辛亥革命前后农村破产的现实,表达了鲁迅对改造旧社会、创造新生活的强烈愿望。
7、散文:抒发作者真情实感、写作方式灵活的记叙类文学体裁。
广义上的散文是指在中国古代文学中,与韵文、骈文相对,不追求押韵和句式工整的文章。
狭义上的散文是指在中国现代文学中,与诗歌、小说、戏剧并行的一种文学体裁。
按照表达方式,可以分为叙事散文、抒情散文、哲理散文等。
例如,朱自清的《背影》通过回忆往事,描绘了父亲的背影,表现了父亲对儿子的关爱和儿子对父亲的怀念。
8、戏剧:文学上的戏剧概念是指为戏剧表演所创作的脚本,即剧本。
戏剧语言包括人物语言和舞台说明。
例如,孙鸿的话剧小品《枣儿》运用象征手法,围绕“枣儿”展开情节,反映了社会变迁,表现了深切的父子亲情。
记叙是写作中最基本、最常见的一种表达方式,它是作者对人物的经历和事件的发展变化过程以及场景、空间的转换所作的叙说和交代,在写事文章中应用较为广泛,作用也比较多。
描写是把描写对象的状貌、情态描绘出来(包括心理描写、语言描写、动作描写、神态描写、外貌描写、细节描写、环境描写等),再现给读者的一种表达方式。用生动形象的语言把人物的形态、动作或景物的状态等具体特征描绘出来。一般分为人物描写或景物描写。它是记叙文,特别是文学创作中的主要表达方式之一。在一般的抒情、议论、说明文中,有时也把它作为一种辅助手段。描写的手法运用得好,能逼真传神、生动形象,使读者如见其人、如闻其声、如临其境,从中受到强烈的艺术感染。
抒情就是抒发和表现作者的感情。具体指以形式化的话语组织,象征性地表现个人内心情感的一类文学活动,它与叙事相对,具有主观性、个性化和诗意化等特征。作为一种特殊的文学反映方式,抒情主要反映社会生活的精神方面,并通过在意识中对现实的审美改造,达到心灵的自由。抒情是个性与社会性的辩证统一,也是情感释放与情感构造、审美创造的辩证统一。它是抒情文体中的主要表达方式,在一般的文学作品和记叙文中,也常常把它作为重要的辅助表达手段。
议论就是作者对某个议论对象发表见解,以表明自己的观点和态度。通过讲事实、说道理等方法对人物或事情发表自己的观点、看法,通常带有较强的主观色彩.它的作用在于使文章鲜明、深刻,具有较强的哲理性和理论深度。在议论文中,它是主要表达方式;在一般记叙文、说明文或文学作品中,也常被当作辅助表达手段。
说明是用简明扼要的文字,把事物的形状、性质、特征、成因、关系、功用等解说清楚的表达方式。这种被解说的对象,有的是实体的事物,如山川、江河、植物、文具、建筑、器物等;有的是抽象的道理,如思想、意识、修养、观点、概念、原理、技术等。
Further links
https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%96%87%E4%BD%93/16028493
https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/2143455894308426188
https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/1240699755138877859.html
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/498662858
Homework until Session 3
Please collect things you find as being typical/characteristic for different text sorts or writing styles in Chinese and submit them via Teams before Session 3.
Preparatory homework for every session
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts and by answering the respective questions if there are any.
Final paper after Session 15
Please think of a text sort you would like to try. Whenever you indicate a reference, please also mention the page number. Please confirm with the instructor that the topic is appropriate.
Session 3 THU Mar 21, 8:00-8:30 s. 413 SIN II MGR: 童话故事 Fairy tales - Translation Exercise in Class
Please sort this text sort into the hierarchy we have introduced. Does it fit in more than one category?
Background information for the fairy tale
小红帽是德国童话作家格林的童话《小红帽》中的人物。 “小红帽”的故事版本多达一百多个,小红帽最早的结局是被邪恶的野狼吞噬。 后来,在格林兄弟笔下,勇敢的猎人杀死大野狼,救出了小红帽。 在最近的版本中,又成了小红帽用剪刀剪破大野狼的肚皮,自己拯救了自己。
Please translate the following content summary (not original fairy tale text) from Chinese into English and answer the questions beneath:
在一个乡下,有一个小女孩时常穿著她奶奶在生日时送她的一顶小红帽,这顶小红帽戴在她头上再合适不过了,于是大家就都喊她“小红帽”。也没有人知道她的真实名字。有一天,妈妈让她把糕饼等一些食物送给住在另一个村庄生病的奶奶。于是小红帽从家里出发了。去奶奶家的路需要穿过森林。森林里有一只大野狼,想把小红帽给吃了,却又不敢在光天化日下直接这么做。他便先上前和小红帽搭话,并得知了小红帽将要去的地方。大野狼于是想出一个计谋,提议小红帽摘些花朵。小红帽听信大野狼的话,在树林里编花束。大野狼这时先赶到了小红帽奶奶家并把奶奶给吃了。狡猾的大野狼穿上了奶奶的衣服躺在床上。当小红帽来时没有认出大野狼,也被她吞了下去。
意大利版本:
小红帽在没有得到其他人帮助的情况下,凭著自己的智慧逃出了大灰狼的魔爪。
后来的版本:
又更改成一位伐木工人来救她
格林童话的版本:
一位猎人路过,把二人从狼肚里面救了出来。不过也有跟七只小羊一样的情节,猎人把小红帽和奶奶救出之后,把许多大石头放进大野狼的肚子里后,用针线缝起来。最后大野狼醒来后口渴想喝水,跑到水井那里,结果因为肚子里的石头太重,它一不小心跌进了水井被淹死。
后来,又出现了小红帽去奶奶家途中再一次遇上大野狼,最后小红帽用奶奶刚煮过香肠的热水把大野狼烫死的版本。
原文的段落 Passages from the original
经典版故事简介
从前有个人见人爱的小姑娘,喜欢戴着外婆送给她的一顶红色天鹅绒的帽子,于是大家就叫她小红帽。有一天,母亲叫她给住在森林的外婆送食物,并嘱咐她不要离开大路,走得太远。小红帽在森林中遇见了狼,她从未见过狼,也不知道狼性凶残,于是把来森林中的目的告诉了狼。狼知道后诱骗小红帽去采野花,自己跑到林中小屋去把小红帽的外婆吃了。并装成外婆,等小红帽来找外婆时,狼一口把她吃掉了。后来一个猎人把小红帽和外婆从狼肚里救了出来。
欧洲流传版本
大灰狼等小红帽在傍晚回家时偷偷跟在她的后面,想趁天黑把她吃掉。可外婆看穿了这家伙的坏心思。她想起屋子前有一个大石头槽子,便对小姑娘说:“小红帽,把桶拿来。我昨天做了一些香肠,提些煮香肠的水去倒进石头槽里。”小红帽提了很多很多水,把那个大石头槽子装得满满的。香肠的气味飘进了狼的鼻孔,它使劲地用鼻子闻呀闻,并且朝下张望着,到最后把脖子伸得太长了,身子开始往下滑。它从屋顶上滑了下来,正好落在大石槽中,淹死了。小红帽高高兴兴地回了家,从此再也没有谁伤害过她。
现代童话人偶剧《小红帽》:
小橙堡版本
当可爱的小红帽遇到美食专家大灰狼,惊险滑稽的故事再次华丽展开。以尝尽天下美食为梦想的大灰狼,练就了一手好厨艺。他善于欺骗和表演,要将森林里的小动物和孩子们都变成自己的美食。轻信了陌生人的小红帽能从危险中逃脱么?敬请小朋友们一起加入这场趣味横生的视觉盛宴,与小红帽一起经历机智、勇敢的成长之路。
名导演打造顶级舞美
本剧由国家一级导演王子斌倾力打造,力求给小朋友们一部高品质儿童剧。本剧集结了多种艺术表现形式,不仅有人偶同台表演,还将现代多媒体技术与传统演出形式相结合,丰富了舞台表现力,呈现了一个惟妙惟肖的童话世界。除了声光电交织的舞台效果,本次舞美道具的精致程度更是超越以往,场景异常绚丽!
精彩纷呈的舞台
大灰狼摇身一变成了一位美食家,一改凶残可怕的形象,活泼逗趣的风格更容易让小朋友接受。同时,剧中还增加了其他的小动物角色,故事内容更加丰富:美食家大灰狼、天真无邪的小红帽、活蹦乱跳的兔子、健步如飞的小马……整个舞台异彩纷呈。演出过程中,处处让孩子与剧情亲密接触,更多惊喜互动尽在现场!
寓教于乐
童话人偶剧《小红帽》将一个略显平淡、短小的童话故事改编得更加丰富生动,通过小红帽的历险旅程,告诉小朋友们:只有充分发挥自己的聪明才智,才能在困难和危险面前临危不惧,勇敢战胜邪恶。小朋友们在观看演出时,仿佛走进小红帽的童话世界,亲身体验了一次关于友情、善良与勇敢的心灵之旅。童话人偶剧《小红帽》让孩子们在接受艺术启蒙的同时,潜移默化地学会人生哲理。
Why do you think there are different endings?
Why does a wolf speak?
What moral can we learn from the fairy tale?
Are the characters symbols? If yes, what do they symbolize?
- Little Red Riding Hood
- Grandmother
- Wolf
- Hunter
- ...
Do you know about Fables? Are there overlaps between fables and fairy tales?
The following article discusses the differences in detail: https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-fable-and-vs-fairy-tale/#:~:text=Fables%20and%20Fairy%20tales%20are%20adored%20stories%20among%20us.,fantasy%20world%20to%20the%20reader.
It begins with these two paragraphs:
The key difference between fable and fairy tale is that fable focuses mainly on giving an important moral lesson while fairy tale mainly focuses on creating a fantasy world to the reader.
Storytelling has been going on not only as a pastime but also as a means to make people learn moral lessons in a fun-filled manner. Though in present times, because of the advent of electronic media and computers, the importance of these short stories has gone down a bit, there can be no gainsaying the fact that these short stories have been an important means of education and enjoyment for little kids as well as kids at heart. There are many different forms of these short stories such as fable, parable, fairy tales, folktales, myths, and legends. There are people who cannot differentiate between fable and fairy tales because of their similarities. This article attempts to highlight their differences for the readers.
[...]
What personalities/characters do animals stand for in fables/fairy tales?
- Wolf
- Squirrel
- Mouse
- Cat
- Fox
- Lion
- Bunny
- Dog
- Horse
- Donkey
- Monkey
- Raven
- ...
Why does a wolf speak?
What typical expressions are used to signalize that it is a fairy tale?
“从前,有一个可爱女孩儿……” Once upon a time, there was ...
然后,他们就永远幸福的在一起了。 And they lived happily ever after...
Terms
- 童话故事
- 神话
- 预言
- 神话
Translation Tool for Fairy Tales
There is a useful tool to help you to translate a fairy tale into different languages. For example from Chinese into Polish:
https://www.grimmstories.com/language.php?grimm=026&l=zh&r=pl
Session 3-4: Translate a different fairy tale
Please go to the website https://www.gushi365.com/, pick a fairy tale, send the title and Chinese text into Teams and translate it into English. Finally send the English translation to Teams too.
C1 Mar 7, C2 Mar 14
Session 4 THU Mar 21, 9:45-11:15 s. 413 SIN II MGR: Write a fairy tale
C3 Mar 28
Please write an extremely short fairy tale.
Apply the rules and use the expressions you have learned with the translation exercise.
Session 5 Chat GPT THU Apr 4, 8:00-8:30 s. 413 SIN II MGR
The topics and contents of the following sessions will be determined by the selection of the students.
Topic: Chat GPT - Translation Exercise in Class
Please create a few short chat gpt texts and compare them. Are there similarities that help you to decide whether or not a text is a Chat GPT text?
Rules for artificial creation: In the prompt, please limit the text to 100 characters in order to create a short text.
Findings through comparison:
- Language very similar through the whole text, each sentence often using some pathetic ("gem", "realm") or illustrative (比喻 corresponds to metaphor, allegory, figure of speech, figurative speech) words ("delve into") and often mention at least two aspects of one thing. To mention two aspects makes a text look more objective, as if you have also considered counter arguments, and more professional.
- Longer texts in ChatGPT are often split into paragraphs explaining single aspects and headed by a subheader. Characteristical for ChatGPT is, that these paragraphs are often equally long although one aspect might be much more important and worth to be elaborated than another aspect.
Topic: Text in the style of a Chat GPT-Text - Text composition
Counter-intuitively manually write a text that reads like a Chat GPT text.
Apply the rules and use the expressions you have learned with the translation exercise.
Mar 28 - Apr 2: Easter Holiday in Poland
Session 6 THU Apr 4, 9:45-11:15 s. 413 SIN II MGR ChatGPT 2nd part: Mimick a Chat GPT text
Apr 4-6 is Qingming holiday in China, the Chinese students make up for the missed classes on Sun (!) Apr 7 and 28.
C4 Apr 11, C5 Apr 18
Session 7 THU Apr 25, 8:00-8:30 s. 413 SIN II MGR
Session 8 THU Apr 25, 9:45-11:15 s. 413 SIN II MGR
May 1-3 are Workers' and Constitution holidays in Poland. (May 8 is sports holiday.)
May 1-5 is an extended May 1st holiday in China, the Chinese students make up for missed classes on Sat May 11.
Session 9 THU May 9, 8:00-8:30 s. 413 SIN II MGR
Session 10 THU May 9, 9:45-11:15 s. 413 SIN II MGR
C6 May 16, C7 May 23, C8 May 30, C9 Jun 6
May 30-31 holiday Corpus Christi in Poland.
June 8-10 is Duanwu holiday in China.
Session 11 THU Jun 13, 8:00-8:30 s. 413 SIN II MGR
Session 12 THU Jun 13, 9:45-11:15 s. 413 SIN II MGR
Session 13 MON Jun 17, 8:00-8:30 s. 413 SIN II MGR
Session 14 MON Jun 17, 9:45-11:15 s. 413 SIN II MGR
Mon Jun 17 (Thursday classes), Tue Jun 18 (Friday classes) in Poland.
Session 15 THU Jun 20, 8:00-8:30 s. 413 SIN II MGR
Final Exam THU Jun 20, 9:45-11:15 s. 413 SIN II MGR
Exam session: Jun 24-Jul 7. Retake session Sep 1-15.
Jul 20-22 Chinese Studies Conference.