Chinese Languages and Cultures

Welcome to our course website Chinese Languages and Cultures. Whenever you visit this site, please see if there is anything in English not yet translated into Chinese and make a Chinese translation beneath (one paragraph English, one paragraph Chinese). Any correction or improvement of earlier translations is welcome!

Organizational Things

• Please register for the Course Wiki.
• Please prepare each session during the week before, so that you come prepared to class.

Homework

Regular students

要网上找随便的中文句子，翻译成英文。每一次上课有一个Unit。Unit里面一般有3到5个题目（A、B、C……）。每一种题目要读文章、回答问题、然后在网上找跟这个题目有关的一个中文句子，考培到wiki上，并写上去翻译和签字。然后还要修改同学的翻译，也要签字。

Website Admin student

Thank you for helping to watch the Wiki website! Please make sure that it looks nice (formatting, especially if a fellow students makes a mess by putting the wrong format etc., should not look to crowded, so make sub-websites for homework etc.).

Online Survey students

There will be several online surveys conducted throughout the semester. Please watch your WeChat Subgroup for the first tasks.

Edits

Every student is required to edit something every week. This can be:

• Translate a pragraph from English to Chinese.
• Correct an earlier translation.
• Prepare an article (please link to from this page) and/or a powerpoint (please upload here) on a topic you will present during the semester.

Material

Please download the course textbook from the WeChat Group.

Schedule

1st Session

Introduction to the course. Organizational things. Working with the Wiki.

Students' Homework of session 1 in preparation for session 2

Ding Daifeng 丁代凤

小河宛如蓝色的缎带缠绕着一望无际的绿色田野。 The creek twines the vast green field just like a blue color satin ribbon.

The rivulet winds through the vast and green field just like a blue ribbon.--Gan Fengyu (talk) 02:56, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

燃放烟花也曾一度是春节的传统习俗。 Burning fireworks was once the most typical custom on the Spring Festival.

Fireworks was once a traditional custom on Spring Festival ever.--Gan Fengyu (talk) 02:56, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

公元132年，张衡发明了古代的地动仪，以辨别地震的方向。地动仪由纯铜制成，看起来像个带盖的大杯子。 In 132 A.D., Zhang Heng made the ancient seismograph to identify the direction of an earthquake. It was made of fine copper, and looked like a big cup with a lid.--Ding Daifeng (talk) 15:03, 24 September 2020 (UTC)

In 132 A.D, Zhang Heng invented the ancient semismograph for direction of an earthquake.It was out of fine copper and looked like a big cap with a lid.--Gan Fengyu (talk) 02:56, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

小河宛如蓝色的缎带缠绕着一望无际的绿色田野。 The creek intertwines the vast green field just like a blue ribbon.

燃放烟花也曾一度是春节的传统习俗。 Burning fireworks was once the most traditional custom on the Spring Festival.

公元132年，张衡发明了古代的地动仪，以辨别地震的方向。地动仪由纯铜制成，看起来像个带盖的大杯子。 In 132 A.D., Zhang Heng invented the ancient seismograph to identify the direction of the earthquake. It was made of fine copper, and looked like a big cup with a lid.--Luo Yuqing (talk) 02:34, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

Gan Fengyu 甘奉玉

1:高安采茶戏在新中国成立以来得到了飞速的发展,其规模和剧团产出都是前所未有的,但是随着经济的高速发展,高安采茶戏逐渐失去了原有的庞大市场,逐渐转入低潮。 After the founding of New China, Gao'an's caicha opera had a rapid growth including its unprecedented scales and troupes. However, with the extrordinary development of economy,it comed to lose its original market and turned to recession.--Gan Fengyu (talk) 06:25, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

2:一种文化能够传承千百年毕竟有它的独到之处。生活在忙碌的都市，跻身于浮泛的人海，又有多少时候能像今天这样宁静地与先人、与自己的心灵对话？ A culture, which has passed down for thousands of years, is definitely unique. We all live in a busy world and submerge in the crowd. But how many times can we communicate with our ancestors,and our soul in a peaceful way as we do in this day?--Gan Fengyu (talk) 06:25, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

3:造纸术作为中国四大发明之一，在古代中国文化传播甚至世界文化传播过程中占据了独一无二的位置。 As one of The Four Great Inventions of Ancient China, the papermaking technology has a unique position in disseminating Chinese cuilture and even the world culture at that time.--Gan Fengyu (talk) 06:25, 25 September 2020 (UTC)--Zhang Yu (talk) 07:57, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

Gu Dongfang 顾东方

湖南是中国革命的摇篮。从这片红色的土地，走出了新中国的主要缔造者毛泽东同志，以及3位开国元帅、6位开国大将等一大批为国为民的革命家。 Hunan gives birth to Chinese revolution. It was home to Mao Zedong ,the main founder of the People's Republic, and many revolotionaries who dedicated themselves to the nation ,including three founding marshals and six founding generals.--XieFan (talk) 07:45, 25 September 2020 (UTC) Hunan is the cradle of Chinese revolution. This revolutionary place is home to a large number of revolutionists who dedicated themselves to the nation and the well-being of people, such as the main founder of New China, Mao Zedong, three founding marshals and six founding generals of the People’s Republic.--Zhao Xi (talk) 07:48, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

元宵节那天，人们在家中或者街道上挂满花灯。花灯琳琅满目，多种多样，上面画着飞鸟、鲤鱼、烟花等，处处洋溢着欢乐的氛围。 People hang lanterns everywhere on Lantern Festival ,both at their home and on the streets. The lanterns feature various characters, like flying birds ,leaping fishes ,and shining fireworks, showing an atomosphere of joy. --XieFan (talk) 07:45, 25 September 2020 (UTC) On the Lantern Festival, people hang lanterns in the house or streets. A variety of lanterns feature differently, such as flying birds, leaping fishes, and shining fireworks, showing an atmosphere of joy.--Zhao Xi (talk) 07:48, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

很久很久以前，古人们通过“观天象”推测明日的风云变化，于是有了，“天上钩钩云，地上雨淋淋”这样的谚语 In olden times,the ancients judged the weather from the sky. So saying like "clouds in the sky ,rain on the earth"were widely spread.--XieFan (talk) 07:45, 25 September 2020 (UTC) Once upon a time, the ancients gauged tomorrow weather by observing the sky, so there are such a saying as “circus in the sky, rain on the earth”.--Zhao Xi (talk) 07:48, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

He Changqi 何长琦

桂林是中国最美丽的城市，整个桂林城就在青山绿水的环抱之中，清澈的漓江静静地从桂林穿过，江水倒映出两岸秀丽的山峰。
Guilin, the most beautiful city in China, is surrounded by green mountains and lucid water. The Li river, running serenely through the entire city, reflects the graceful peaks along the banks.

在时间和生命意识上，在辞旧迎新、驱除邪崇的同时，春节表达人们对于新年的祝福和对未来生活的美好期待，受中华文化的影响，中国周边一些国家和民族也有庆祝春节的习俗。
In terms of time and life,besides representing the end of the past and beginning of the new and the dispelling of the ominous things,Spring Festival reflects the best wishes for the coming year and a sincere hope for the future. Affected by Chinese culture,some of the neighbour countries adopted the convention of celebrating Spring Festival as well.

火药的诞生很偶然，一个炼丹术师炼丹药时发明了火药。唐朝末年，火药用于打仗。12世纪，火药传播到阿拉伯国家，之后是欧洲国家，最后传播到了全世界。
Gunpowder was invented accidentally by an alchemist when he attempted to transform the mineral substance into magical medicines. In the late Tang Dynasty,gunpowder was widely applied in military.In the 12th century,it was introduced to the Arab countries,then spread to Europe and finally known by the whole world--He Changqi (talk) 06:20, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

--Zhang Peiwen (talk) 08:07, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

Kang Haoyu 康浩宇

井冈山是中国革命的摇篮，江西南昌是中国人民解放军的诞生地。 红色文化，又使江西比起古代的江南风情，更多了一分铿锵。Jinggangshan is the cradle of modern Chinese revolution and Nanchang is the birthplace of People's Liberation Army. The red culture has made Jiangxi Province more tough than it in ancient times.--Kang Haoyu (talk) 09:20, 24 September 2020 (UTC)--Kang Haoyu (talk) 09:20, 24 September 2020 (UTC) The red culture has made Jiangxi Province more tough than it was in ancient times.--Luo Weijia (talk) 01:23, 25 September 2020 (UTC) 祖

七月半属于非物质文化遗产，是一种文化，是追怀先人既古老又现代的一种传统，这一传统体现了古人“慎终追远”思想，其文化核心是敬祖尽孝。 As a kind of culture, Hungry Ghost Festival belongs to intangible cultural heritage. It's such a tradition, both ancient and modern, for people to reminisce their ancestors. With Worship ancestors and filial piety as the core culture, the tradition shows ancient people's thought of carefully attending to the funeral rites of parents and following them when gone with due sacrifices.--Kang Haoyu (talk) 14:02, 24 September 2020 (UTC)

张衡为中国天文学、机械技术、地震学的发展作出了杰出的贡献，发明了浑天仪、地动仪，是东汉中期浑天说的代表人物之一。 As one of the representatives of the theory of sphere-heavens in the middle Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng invented the armillary sphere and seismograph, making outstanding contributions to the development of astronomy, mechanical technology and seismology in China.--Kang Haoyu (talk) 14:02, 24 September 2020 (UTC)

Lei Fangyuan 雷方圆

1、“地理”一词最早见于中国《易经》。古代的地理学主要探索关于地球形状、大小有关的测量方法，或对已知的地区和国家进行描述。 “Geography”-the word was first found in the Chinese Book of Changes.Ancient geography mainly explores the measurement of the shape or size of the Earth, or the description of known areas and countries. 2、元宵习俗，中国民间习俗，全国各地习俗不尽相同，其中吃汤圆，赏花灯，舞龙，舞狮子等是元宵节几项重要民间习俗。 Lantern festival customs, Chinese folk customs, customs across all over the country are not the same, including eating TangYuan, enjoying Lanterns, dragon and lion dances are some important folk customs of the Lantern Festival. 3、中国古代科技源于生活，而生活需要各种实用技术。造纸、印刷、纺织、陶瓷、冶铸、建筑等中国人引以为豪的发明无不带有鲜明的实用烙印。 Chinese ancient science and technology originated from life, and life needs all kinds of practical technology. Paper, printing brush, textile, ceramics, metallurgy, architecture and other Chinese people proud of the invention has a distinctive practical brand.--Lei Fangyuan (talk) 07:20, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

Li Liqin 李丽琴

中国地理环境复杂，植物种类丰富多样,其丰富的自然和人文景观以及古老而璀璨的文化无不吸引着来自世界各地的游客。 China has a complicated geographical environment with a variety of plants. Moreover, its abundant natural and cultural landscapes as well as the splendid ancient history attract tourists from all around the world. --Li Liqin (talk) 02:45, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

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清明节是我国的传统节日之一，距今已有两千多年的历史。这个节日既有祭扫祖坟生离死别的悲伤，又有踏青游玩的欢乐，是个富有特色的节日。 As an important traditional festival in China, the Tomb-Sweeping Day has a history of more than 2000 years. Grave feeling of sadness to sacrifice ancestors and the joy of playing out are both the characteristics of the festival. --Li Liqin (talk) 02:45, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

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中国古代四大发明分别是造纸术、印刷术、火药和指南针。在物质文明方面，中国的四大发明曾改变世界的历史发展进程, 至今都令我们自豪。 The Four Great Inventions of ancient China are papermaking, printing, gunpowder and the compass. In terms of material civilization, the Four Great Inventions had advanced the development of the world history and have been our pride till today. --Li Liqin (talk) 02:45, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

Luo Weijia 罗维嘉

中国得天独厚，大部分地区土地肥沃，气候温和。 Nature is generous in giving most of China plenty of fertile soil, along with a climate that is most moderately.

清明节起源于寒食节，用以纪念春秋时期晋国大臣介子推。 Tomb-Sweeping Day originated from the Cold Food Festival which remembered Jie Zitui, a nobleman of the State of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period.

中国人不仅是火箭的发明者，而且还是首先企图利用固体燃料火箭将人载到空中去的幻想者。The Chinese not only invented the rocket but also the first to fantasize about using the solid rocket to carry man into space.--Luo Weijia (talk) 01:08, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

中国得天独厚，大部分地区土地肥沃，气候温和。 China is blessed with fertile soil and temperate climate in most areas.--Yang Yue (talk) 02:36, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

清明节起源于寒食节，用以纪念春秋时期晋国大臣介子推。 Tomb-Sweeping Day originated from the Cold Food Festival in memory of Jie Zitui, a minister of the State of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period.--Yang Yue (talk) 02:45, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

Luo Yuqing 罗雨晴

衡阳历史悠久 、山水优美，以石鼓书院为代表的人文景观与以南岳衡山为代表的自然景观遍布。

Hengyang boasts its long history , beautiful mountains and rivers. The humanistic landscape represented by Shi-gu Academy and the natural landscape represented by Mount Heng(one of the Five Great Mountains of China) are everywhere.--Tan Yuanyuan (talk) 03:15, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

中秋节以月之圆象征人之团圆，为寄托思念故乡，思念亲人之情，祈盼丰收、幸福，是丰富多彩、弥足珍贵的文化遗产。

The Mid Autumn Festival symbolizes the reunion of people with the full moon. It is a colorful and precious cultural heritage for cherishing the feeling of missing hometown and relatives and praying for harvest and happiness.

古代科技内容上主要集中于与农业有关的农学、天文历法以及医学等方面，应用性强，但是对事物发展规律的探索不够。

The content of ancient science and technology mainly focused on astronomy relating to agriculture , calendar, medicine and so on, which had strong applicability but scant exploration on the law of development.--Luo Yuqing (talk) 02:22, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

Ouyang Ling 欧阳玲

1.黄河是一条长5464公里的大河，它是世界上第五大河。它从青藏高原一路东去，像一条长龙，穿越中国九个省区，最后注入渤海。富含泥沙的河水淤积成肥沃的土壤，孕育了中华文明。

The Yellow River is 5464 kilometres long, ranking fifth in the world. Originating in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, it flows east through nine proviinces and empties into the Bohai Sea. The rich silt carried by the Yellow River formed fertile farmland that is the birthplace of Chinese culture.

2.中秋节是一个全家团圆的节日，按照中国的农历，每年的八月十五，月圆的那天就是中秋节。就算是那些无法回家的人，也会在中秋节那天抬头望向那一轮圆圆的明月，寄托对故乡的思念。这是海内外中国人的共同情感，就像中国的一首著名的诗里所说的，“海上生明月，天涯共此时”。

The Mid-autumn Festival is a festival for families to get together in China. It falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month when the full moon returns to the sky. Those who cannot return home look at the round and bright moon and think of their family. Chinese people all around the world shrare the same emotion, and just like an ancient Chinese poem says, the moon was rising from the sea and all the people were sharing this moment.

3.古代的指南针像一把汤勺,把它放在平滑的盘子上，依靠磁铁的原理，勺柄就会指向南方。后来人们用小小的钢针代替了汤勺，指南针就更轻便了。600多年前，郑和先后七次下西洋，便是依靠了指南针导航。

The ancient compass, Zhinanzhen, looked like a spoon. When the spoon was put on a plate, its handle could point to the south using magnetic fields. Then Chinese used a little steel needle to replace the spoon and this made the Zhinanzhen easier to carry. More than 600 years ago, Zheng He, a famous eunuch of the Ming Dynasty, traveled to Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean seven times with the help of the Zhinanzhen. --Ouyang Ling

Tan Yuanyuan 谭媛媛

台湾海峡位于福建省和台湾省之间，从南到北连接着南海和东海，是中国的海上运输的重要通道，人们称它为“海上走廊”。 Situated between the Fujian Province and Taiwan Province,Taiwan Strait is an important channel for China's maritime transportation connecting South China Sea and East China Sea from south to north,and people call it the "Sea Corridor."

民俗学家们常说，中秋节直到明朝才具备“团圆”的节日内涵，但从殷文圭的诗句看，虽然唐朝时中秋还未正式成为一个节日，但中秋在当时人们心中，已然有了团圆的象征。 Folklorists often say that the Mid-Autumn Festival did not have the connotation of "reunion" until the Ming Dynasty. However, according to Yin Wengui's poems, although Mid-Autumn Festival had not officially become a festival in the Tang Dynasty, that day had already become the symbol of reunion in the hearts of people at that time.

大约在西汉时期有人造出一种“指南车”，这种两轮的车在行走中无论如何转弯，车上的指示器始终指向事先设定的方向。 Around the West Han Dynasty, there was a man-made "guide car".No matter how the car turned,the indicator on this kind of two-wheeled car always pointed at the direction set in advance.--Tan Yuanyuan (talk) 03:04, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

Tang Yiran 汤伊然

尘烟滚滚，人声嘈杂，夜色愈深，一切都陷入混乱之中。 As the night grew darker, flinging dust, billowing smoke and uproars send everything into a mess.----Tang Yiran1 (talk) 11:45, 24 September 2020 (UTC)

Xie Fan 解帆

湖南省位于我国中部、长江中游，因大部分区域处于洞庭湖以南而得名“湖南”。 Hunan Province lies in central China and along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It is named after its greater parts located at the south of Dongting Lake.("Hu"means "lake" and "nan" means "south" in Chinese.)--XieFan (talk) 07:38, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

中秋节月亮圆满，象征团圆，因而又叫“团圆节”。 At the Mid-Autumn Festival nights, the moon is at its full. It is believed that the moon's shape stands for reunion, therefore, that day is called "Reunion Festival" as well.--XieFan (talk) 07:38, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

四大发明是中国古代先民为世界留下的一串光耀的足迹，是人类文明进步作出巨大贡献的象征。 The four great inventions of ancient China are the brilliant footprint left by Chinese in ancient times and the symbol of great contributions to human civilization.--XieFan (talk) 07:38, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

Yang Yue 杨悦

噫吁嚱，危乎高哉！蜀道之难，难于上青天！ Alas! What height and how perilous! The journey to the Sichuan Road is more difficult than climbing Heaven!--Yang Yue (talk) 02:37, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全。但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。 People may have sorrow and joy and they part and get together again.The moon sometimes dims or shines and sometimes waxes or wanes. This matter cannot be perfect in all ages. We wish you a long life so as to share the beauty of this moon even though we are thousands of miles apart.--Yang Yue (talk) 02:37, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

印刷术的出现，加快了文化传播，改变了欧洲只有上等人才能读书的状况。 The advent of printing accelerated the spread of culture and changed the situation that only the upper class in Europe could receive education.--Yang Yue (talk) 02:27, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

The advent of printing accelerated the spread of culture, thus changing the situation in Europe where only the upper class has access to education. --Li Liqin (talk) 02:51, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

Yang Ziling 杨子泠

中秋之夜，举杯团圆，叶已纷飞情义绵延。 On Mid-Autumn night, people propose a toast to the reunion when leaves are falling and people are happily gathering.

海南岛轮廓形似一个椭圆形大雪梨，地势四周低平，中间高耸，属热带海洋性季风气候，全年暖热，雨量充沛。 The outline of Hainan Island resembles a large oval-shaped pear. The terrain is low and flat all around and high in the middle. It has a tropical maritime monsoon climate, warm and hot throughout the year with abundant rainfall.--Yang Ziling (talk) 03:12, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

新年到，老幼尽开颜。倒数声声天地响，腾星点点世人欢。守夜不思眠。 When New Year comes, the young and the old are happy. The countdown sounds loudly and the whole town is immersed in a festival atmosphere when people stay awake all night long.--Yang Ziling (talk) 06:48, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

Yi Zichu 义子楚

1. 青藏高原约占中国领土面积的四分之一，其中大部分地区非常偏远，不适宜人类居住 The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is about one quarter of China's territory，and much of it is extremely remote and inhospitable 2. 七夕节来源于牛郎织女的传说。相传，每逢七月初七，人间的喜鹊就要飞到天上去，在银河为牛郎织女搭鹊桥约会 Double Seventh Day comes from the legendary story of the Cowherd and the Weaving Girl. During the day，many magpies would fly to the Milky Way to build a bridge for them to date 3. 在古代，刺绣只由特权阶级特享，象征较高的社会地位 In ancient times, embroidery could be enjoyed only by the privileged class and symbolized their high social status.--Yi Zichu (talk) 08:19, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

Yuan Tianyi 袁天翼

中国地处亚洲大陆东部，太平洋西岸，在总面积960多万平方千米的国土上，自然与地理环境多姿多彩，东西南北风光迥异，山川江河蕴藏着极为丰富的动植物资源，良好的地理环境造就了无数的天然名胜。

China, located on the eastern part of the continental Asia and the western shore of the Pacific Ocean, whose territory covers an area of over 9.6 million square kilometers, boasts colorful and miscellaneous natural and geographical environments, with distinctive scenery of the east, west, south, and north, as well as mountains and rivers that enjoy extremely rich fauna and flora resources, where gorgeous geographical environments give birth to countless natural scenic spots.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 13:15, 24 September 2020 (UTC)

农历五月初五是端午节，这个节日在中国已有2000多年的历史。端午节起源于对伟大爱国诗人屈原的纪念活动。千百年来，人们用吃粽子和赛龙舟这两种形式来庆祝这个节日。粽子是端午节最受欢迎的食物。如今，粽子有各种各样的形状和馅料。

The fifth lunar day of the fifth lunar month is China’s Dragon Boat Festival, boasting a history of over 2000 years in China, which originates from the memorial activities for the great patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Over the thousands of years, people celebrate this day by eating rice dumplings—the most popular food on that day, and racing dragon boats. Nowadays, the rice dumpling has miscellaneous shapes and fillings.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 14:04, 24 September 2020 (UTC)

说到中国古代的科技文明，就不能不说四大发明。人们普遍认为，指南针、火药、造纸术和印刷术的发明对中国古代的政治、经济、文化的发展产生了巨大的推动作用；并且，这些发明经由各种途径传至西方，也影响着世界的文明进程。

When it comes to ancient China’s science and technology inventions, we have to mention the Four Great Inventions. It is widely acknowledged that the inventions of compass, gunpowder, papermaking and printing have amazingly synergized the development of the politics, economy and culture of ancient China; moreover, those inventions were spread to the West through sundry approaches, causing effects on the process of the world civilizations.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 14:04, 24 September 2020 (UTC)

=Zeng Xinyuan 曾心媛=========Zeng Liang 曾良

Zhang Hui 张慧

因位于黄河北岸而得名的河北省，在古代它的部分土地属于冀州，所以河北简称“冀”，人民政府所在地是石家庄。Located on the northern bank of the Yellow River, Hebei province got its name. In ancient times, part of its land belonged to Jizhou, so Hebei was referred to as "Ji" for short. The seat of the people's government is Shijiazhuang.

蒙古族在中秋的这一天，会组织大家一起来玩“追月”的游戏，一群人在圆月之下，飞奔在草原上，一直朝着西方奔去，因为月亮是从东方升起，在西方坠落，所以朝着西方奔去才算是“追月”，这一风俗符合了蒙古族的潇洒的性格。 In the Mid-Autumn festival,Mongolians will group together to play the game "chasing the moon".Under the full moon,a group of people will gallop on the grassland and run all the way towards the west.Since the moon rises in the east and falls in the west, it is regared as "chasing the moon" running towards the west.This custom is consistent with the natural and unrestrained character of the Mongolian nationality.

蒙古族在中秋的这一天，会组织大家一起来玩“追月”的游戏，一群人在圆月之下，飞奔在草原上，一直朝着西方奔去，因为月亮是从东方升起，在西方坠落，所以朝着西方奔去才算是“追月”，这一风俗符合了蒙古族的潇洒的性格。 In the Mid-Autumn festival, Mongols will group together to play the game "chasing the moon". Under the full moon, a group of people will gallop on the grassland and run all the way towards the west. Since the moon rises in the east and falls in the west, it is only regarded as "chasing the moon" when people run westwards. This custom is consistent with the unrestrained character of Mongols.--Yang Ziling (talk) 07:08, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

煤，石油和天然气是现代能源的主要组成部分，它们的开发利用也最早出现在我国，大约都是从汉代开始的，不过当时还没有发挥太大的作用。 Coal, oil and natural gas are the main components of modern energy. The exploitation and utilization for them also first appeared in China and started from about Han Dynasty, but they did not play a significant role at that time.--Zhang Hui (talk) 01:54, 25 September 2020 (UTC)--Zhao Xiaoyan (talk) 02:47, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

Zhang Ling 张玲

南海是我国石油和贸易的生命线，我国60%的外贸运输都要途径南海，可见其地理位置的重要性。 The South China Sea is the lifeline of China's oil and trade. 60% of China's foreign trade and transportation must go through the South China Sea, which shows the importance of its geographical location. 重阳节的习俗普及于汉代，汉代是我国南北各地的经济文化交流融合时期，各地文化上的交流使节日习俗融合传播。 The customs of the Double Ninth Festival was popularized in the Han Dynasty which was a period of economic and cultural exchange and integration between the north and south of China. The cultural exchanges between various regions promoted the integration and spread of the festival customs. 东汉时，蔡伦在总结前人经验的基础上，改进了造纸术，他用树皮、麻头、破布和旧渔网等材料制成植物纤维纸。 In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Can Lun improved paper-making on the basis of summing up the experience of his predecessors. He used such materials as bark, hemp, rags and fishing nets to make plant fiber paper.--Zhang Ling (talk) 07:03, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

Zhang Peiwen 张佩闻

Geography, festivals,science and technology

地理学是研究地球表面的地理环境中各种自然现象和人文现象，以及它们之间相互关系的学科。地理是一门综合性的基础学科。 Geography is a subject that studies all kinds of natural phenomena and human behaviors on the earth. It is a comprehensive basic subject/subject comprising many aspects.

国务院将其列入首批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。自2008年起中秋节被列为国家法定节假日。 It has been listed into the first batch of state-level intangible culture heritage announced by the State Council, being deemed as one of the national holidays since 2008.

传统认为，科学是人类所积累的关于自然、社会、思维的知识体系。 Traditionally, science and technology is regarded as a system of knowledge about nature, society and thoughts accumulated by human.--Zhang Peiwen (talk) 13:34, 24 September 2020 (UTC)

Zhang Yu 张瑜

中国地形、气候十分复杂，土地类型复杂多样，为农、林、牧、副、渔多种经营和全面发展提供了有利条件。 China's landform and climate are very complex, and the land types are various, which provide advantages for the diversified economy and comprehensive development of farming, forestry, animal husbandry, side-line production and fishery. 清明节是中华民族古老的节日，既是一个扫墓祭祖的肃穆节日，也是人们亲近自然、踏青游玩、享受春天乐趣的欢乐节日。 The Tomb-Sweeping Day is a traditional Chinese festival. It's not only a solemn festival to sweep tombs and worship ancestors, but also a happy day for people to close to the nature, go for an outing and enjoy the fun in Spring. 四大发明对中国古代的政治、经济、文化的发展产生了巨大的推动作用，经各种途径传至西方，对世界文明发展史产生巨大的影响力。 Four Great Inventions greatly promoted the political, economic and cultural development in ancient China. It spreaded to west through various methods and had great impacts on history of world's civilization. --Zhang Yu (talk) 13:39, 24 September 2020 (UTC)

四大发明对中国古代的政治、经济、文化的发展产生了巨大的推动作用，经各种途径传至西方，对世界文明发展史产生巨大的影响力。 The Four Great Inventions have greatly promoted the development of politics, economy and culture in ancient China. They spread to the west through various channels, and had a great influence on the history of world civilization.--Ding Daifeng (talk) 15:17, 24 September 2020 (UTC)

清明节是中华民族古老的节日，既是一个扫墓祭祖的肃穆节日，也是人们亲近自然、踏青游玩、享受春天乐趣的欢乐节日。 The Tomb-Sweeping Day is a traditional Chinese festival. It's not only a solemn festival for sweeping tombs and worshiping ancestors, but also a happy day for people to get close to the nature, go for an outing and enjoy the fun in Spring.--Kang Haoyu (talk) 01:41, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

Zhao Xiaoyan 赵晓燕

云南省人民政府所在地昆明市，是中国的历史文化名城之一，也是闻名中外的“春城”，这里冬天不冷，夏天不热，气候温和，四季如春。 Kunming, the seat of the people's government of Yunnan Province, is one of the famous historical and cultural cities in China, and also known as the Spring city due to its warm climate. Kunming,the seat of People's Government of Yunnan Province, is one of the famous historical and cultural cities in China, and also known as "the Spring City" due to its mild climate with four seasons like spring.--Zeng Liang (talk) 08:13, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

据说，此夜月球距地球最近，月亮最大最圆，所以从古至今都有饮宴赏月的习俗。 It's said that the moon is the closest to the earth this night, representing the biggest and roundest feature itself, so people get used to feasting and enjoying the moon in this night since the ancient time. It's said that the moon is the closest to the earth this night, representing the biggest and the roundest feature itself, so there has been a custom of feasting and admiring the full moon since the ancient times.--Zeng Liang (talk) 08:13, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

经过秦汉，即封建社会巩固和发展时期，我国科学文化的总体水平跃居世界前列，许多领域还在世界上处于领先地位。 After Qin and Han Dynasties, the development and consolidation period of the feudal society, the overall level of science and culture in China leaped into the front ranks of the world, with many fields taking the lead.--Zhao Xiaoyan (talk) 01:30, 25 September 2020 (UTC)--Zhang Hui (talk) 02:46, 25 September 2020 (UTC) After Qin and Han Dynasties, the period of consolidation and development of the feudal society, China's overall level of science and culture has leapt to the front rank of the world, with many fields taking a leading position.--Zeng Liang (talk) 08:13, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

Zhu Meimei 祝美梅

五彩斑斓的吉林黑土地，种啥啥长人民币。Jilin, a multicolored province in China, produces abundant financial gains on its fertile farmland.--Zhumeimei (talk) 03:12, 24 September 2020 (UTC)--Zhumeimei (talk) 03:15, 24 September 2020 (UTC)

--Zhumeimei (talk) 06:12, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

Jilin, a province in China that boasts multicolored black earth, returns worthy financial gains to people no matter what is planted on its fertile land.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 13:26, 24 September 2020 (UTC)

2nd Session: Unit 1

Text A Geography

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Text B Traditional Festivals

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Text C Traditional Science

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