20200928 cult

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Homework of 20200928 for 20201005

Cao Runxin 曹润鑫

1.在秦始皇统一汉字后，汉字的数量不断地增加，很多新造的字不断出现。

After the First Emperor of Qin unified Chinese characters, the number of Chinese characters has been constantly increasing, and lots of new characters continued to appear.

Afte the First Emperor of Qin unified Chinese characters, the number of Chinese characters increased continuously, and many new characters appeared.--Li LIli (talk) 14:46, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

2.书法是以文房四宝为工具抒发情感的一门艺术。

Calligraphy is an art of expressing emotions with the tool of the four treasures of the study.

Calligraphy is an art to express emotions with the four treasures of the study as a tool.--Li LIli (talk) 14:46, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

Utilizing the Four Treasures of the Study as tools to give expression to people's emotions is an art called calligraphy.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 02:37, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

3.楷书的特点在于规矩整齐，是字体中的楷模，所以称之为楷书，一直沿用至现代。

Regular script is a model in the character fonts owing to its neat and tidy characteristic, which is the reason why it is called regular script and it has been used until modern times.

Regular script is characterized by its neatness, which is a model in all typefaces.That's the reason why it is called regular script and has been used until modern times.--Li LIli (talk) 14:46, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

Chen Han 陈涵

1. 篆书因为其字体优美，颇有古风古韵，所以始终被书法家所青睐，又因为其笔画复杂，形式奇古，而且可以随意添加曲折。

Seal Script, or Zhuan Script is always popular with calligraphers for its elegant and antique characters and can be free to add "twists and turns" (means its stroke) for its complex strokes and quaint form.--Chen Han (talk) 10:40, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

2. 严格地讲，只有到了甲骨文，才称得上是书法，因为甲骨文已具备了中国书法的三个基本要素：笔法，结构，章法。

Strictly speaking, it can be considered calligraphy only when it comes to Oracle Bone Script, because the script has already possessed the three basic elements of Chinese calligraphy: the usage of ink brushes, the formation of characters, and the method of composition.--Chen Han (talk) 10:40, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

3. 小篆是中国第一个也是唯一一个由国家规定的标准汉字形态，也是中国历代封建王朝制作官用印玺的首选字体，篆刻艺术就是受到这方面的影响而发展起来的。

Small Seal Script was the first and only standard Chinese character form prescribed by the state in China. It was also the top choice for official seals made by Chinese feudal dynasties, and the art of seal cutting which was influenced by it was developed. --Chen Han (talk) 10:40, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

Chen Jingjing 陈静静

1.中华文字博大精深，文字的发展和演变也是源远流长，也正是因为文字在几千年的文明中不断的锤炼，才让我们的文字更加具有魅力，具有其他语言所不具有的优点。

The Chinese characters are extensive and profound and enjoy a long history. It's exactly through thousands of years of tempering that our characters become more attractive, which is unique comparing with other languages in some aspects.

2.草书的诞生，在书法艺术的发展史上有着重大意义，它标志着书法开始成为一种能够高度自由的抒发情感，表现书法家个性的艺术。

The birth of cursive script is of great significance in the history of calligraphy, marking the beginning of calligraphy as a highly free art of expressing emotions and displaying the calligrapher's personality.

3.唐代书法艺术，可分为初唐，中唐，晚唐三个时期。初唐以继承为主，尊重法度，刻意追求晋代书法的劲美。中唐不断创新，极为昌盛。晚唐书法亦有进展。

The calligraphy in Tang Dynasty based on its features can be divided into three periods: early-Tang calligraphy, middle-Tang calligraphy and late-Tang calligraphy. The calligraphy in the early period of Tnag Dynasty focuses on inheritation and rules, deliberately pursuing the beauty of Jin calligraphy while middle-Tang calligraphy seeks for continuous innovation and late-Tang calligraphy has seen some achievements as well.--Chen Jingjing (talk) 03:34, 4 October 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

Chen Yongxiang 陈永相

1. 2008年北京奥运会符号采用了一系列中国书法文字，通过这些不同形状的传统文字，展现了文字的活力和其代表的运动之美。

The 2008 Olympic Games has adopted a set of symbols to represent the beauty of Chinese calligraphy. By combining certain features of different traditional forms of Chinese characters, the symbols appear both lively and highly representative of the sports they stand for.

2. 在一开始，汉字中有许多的图形文字，但在甲骨文时期，它们的数量逐渐减少了。

At its beginning, Chinese also included language pictures, which became fewer and fewer during the period of the oracle-bone inscriptions.

3. 人们很容易辨识"旦"字的意思，即便是外国人也能通过它的字形知道它的含义。

The character "旦" is mentioned to show that Chinese characters are easy to recognize, and even foreigners can understand them through their pictographic symbols.--Chen Yongxiang (talk) 05:17, 4 October 2020 (UTC)--Chen Yongxiang (talk) 05:18, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

Ding Daifeng 丁代凤

1. 汉字这样的文字系统，不是一人一时所能创造的， 而是在发明、积累及形成的过程，由许多人慢慢丰富起来的。

It is improbable for any single person to create a complicated character system at one time. The characters are actually developed by many people gradually in the long process of invention, accumulation and evolution.--Ding Daifeng (talk) 09:33, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Such a Chinese character system can't be created by only one person for a short while. It is actually developed and enlarged by so many people in the long process of invention, accumulation and formation. --Gan Fengyu (talk) 10:16, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

2. 书法是中国文化的精粹，除了满足日常书写外，它已经上升成一门特别的高等艺术。

Calligraphy is the essence of Chinese culture, which has developed into a special high-level art apart from satisfying the needs of daily writing.--Ding Daifeng (talk) 09:34, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

As the essence of Chinese culture, calligraphy has developed into a special higher art apart from for daily writing. --Gan Fengyu (talk) 10:16, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

3. 此后，汉字经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同的阶段。

Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc.--Ding Daifeng (talk) 09:35, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

After that,Chinese character has gone through numerous calligraphic stages: of inscriptions on ancient bronze objects, of official script, of regular script, of cursive script, of running hand,etc. --Gan Fengyu (talk) 10:16, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Gan Fengyu 甘奉玉

1：中国汉字具有形态之美。原始的中国汉字是一种表意的象形文字，字形跟字义、字音之间有着一定的联系，它是形、音、义的结合体。汉字之美，美在形体、美在风骨，美在精髓、美在真情！

Chinese character has the beauty of form.The primitive Chineses chracter is a kind of ideographic hieroglyphics, in which lies a certain link among the form, the meaning and the sound. So it is a combination of form, sound and meaning. The beauty of Chinese character lies in its body, character,eseence and true feelings. --Gan Fengyu (talk) 14:13, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

2：王羲之的《兰亭集序》为历代书法家所敬仰，被誉作“天下第一行书”。王羲之书字势雄逸，如龙跳天门，虎卧凤阙，故历代宝之，永以为训。

The Orchid Pavillion by Wang Xizhi(the most famous early calligrapher) remained to be admired by every calligrapher of all ages, and it enjoyed the reputation of"the best running script in the world". All masterworks by him were created in a powerful and elegant writing way, as a dragon leaping at the gate of heaven, and a tiger lying in the Phoenix Palace. So they were kept as treasure for all generations and nonsuch forever. --Gan Fengyu (talk) 14:13, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

3：中国书法艺术的形成、发展与汉文字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的连带关系。从汉代文化的时空背景看，汉代书法受到时代精神的辐射，反映了汉民族对于雄强豪放气势的崇尚，是人的力量对象化的体现。

The formation and development of Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese character. From the perspective of the time and space background of Han Dynasty culture, the calligraphy of Han Dynasty was ffected by the spirits at that time, reflecting its reverence for power and boldness. It was the embodiment of the objectification of human power.--Gan Fengyu (talk) 14:13, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Gao Mingzhu 高明珠

1、汉字由零散的、个别的字符逐渐积累，达到一定的数量后再通过人为规范，就成为了一种文字体系。

Chinese characters become a system when they gradually accumulate from scattered and individual characters to a certain number and then are artificially regulated.

2、中国书法是一种独特艺术，它不是诗而有诗的韵味；不是画而有画的灵动；不是舞而有舞的飘逸；不是歌而有歌的悠扬。

Chinese calligraphy is a unique art. It is not a poem but with a lingering charm; it is not a picture but being lively like drawings; it is not a dance but having its elegance; it is not a song but having its melody.

3、唐朝以后的书法，都是在不断地学习唐朝或者魏晋，几无创新，想要突破创新，还是要回到魏晋和唐朝，只有这一时期的笔法，才是最传统的书学笔法，没有之一。

Chinese calligraphy keeps learning from those emergenced in Tang Dynasty or Wei and Jin Dynasties, therefore, it almost has no innovation after Tang Dynasty. Only dating its history back to Wei and Jin Dynasties, can we make breakthroughs in Chinese calligraphy because the calligraphy during that period was the most traditional one. --Gao Mingzhu (talk) 04:34, 4 October 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

Gu Dongfang 顾东方

1.现存中国古代最成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是汉字的雏形

The inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of the Shang Dynasty , the most advanced Chinese character of acient times in existing writing systems, is regarded as the original form of Chinese characters.--Gudongfang (talk) 11:49, 2 October 2020 (UTC)Gudongfang

Oracle bone inscription is the most mature ancient Chinese characters existing, which are considered to be the earliest forms of Chinese characters.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 05:02, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Oracle bone script is the most mature character in ancient China, which is considered as the embryonic form of Chinese characters.--Ding Daifeng (talk) 09:57, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

2.在中国，书法在传统艺术中占据十分重要的地位，它不仅仅是一项用来沟通的工具，也可以从审美的角度去揭露一个人的内心世界

In China, calligraphy plays a distinguished role in traditional art. It is not only a means of communication ,but also a means of expressing a persom's inner world in an aesthetic sense.--Gudongfang (talk) 11:49, 2 October 2020 (UTC)Gudongfang

In China, calligraphy plays a significant role in traditional art. It is not only a tool for communication, but also a means to reflect one's inner world from the perspective of aesthetics.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 05:02, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

3.隶书的出现是汉字书写的一大进步，是书法史上的一次革命，为以后各种书体流派奠定了基础。

The official script features a major progress of Chinese handwriting and a big revolution in the calligraphy history, lying a foundation for the genre of calligraphy.--Gudongfang (talk) 11:49, 2 October 2020 (UTC)Gudongfang

The emergence of Clerical script was a great progress in Chinese writing and a revolution in the history of calligraphy, which laid the foundation for various schools of calligraphy in the future.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 05:02, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Jiang Qiwei 蒋淇玮

1.汉字是汉语的书写用文字 ，也被借用于书写日语、朝鲜语、越南语等语言，是汉字文化圈广泛使用的一种文字，也是目前世界上唯一仍被广泛使用的高度发达的文字。 广义的汉字指从甲骨文、大篆、金文、籀文、小篆，至隶书、草书、楷书等文字，狭义指以正楷作为标准写法的汉字。 Chinese characters refer to the written scripts of Chinese language, which can be used in some written forms of Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese and so on. It is widely used in the cultural cycle of Chinese characters and the only highly-developed characters in extensive use. In a broad sense, Chinese characters cover the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of the Shang Dynasty, the big-seal style, the inscriptions on ancient bronze objects, the small-seal style, the official script, the cursive script, the regular script, etc. While in the narrow sense, it refers to the regular script only.

2.书法是指以文房四宝为工具抒发情感的一门艺术。工具的特殊性是书法艺术特殊性的一个重要方面。离开文房四宝，书法艺术便无从谈起。 Calligraphy refers to the art of expressing feelings, in virtue of the " scholar's four jewels" (brush, ink stick, ink slab and paper). The particularity of this art stands on the exceptionality of the four writing tools. Without them, calligraphy is out of the question.

3.书法艺术的繁荣期，是从东汉开始的。东汉时期出现了专门的书法理论著作，最早的书法理论提出者是东西汉之交的扬雄。 The golden period of calligraphy begins in the Eastern Han Dynasty, when the first theory work of calligraphy comes out. And Yang Xiong, who lives in the end of the Western Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, is the first person to advance a calligraphy theory. --Jiang Qiwei (talk) 15:31, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Lei Kuangxi 雷旷溪

1.在汉字产生的早期阶段，象形字的字形跟它所代表的语素的意义直接发生联系。虽然每个字也都有自己固定的读音，但是字形本身不是表音的符号，跟拼音文字的字母的性质不同。 In the early stage of Chinese characters, pictographic characters are directly related to the meaning of their morphemes. Although each character has its own fixed pronunciation, the character itself is not a phonetic symbol, which is different from the alphabet of Pinyin. 2.书写艺术，多指用笔写字的艺术，分为硬笔和软笔两种。是一种文字表现的艺术形式。中国画与书法为缘，而多含文学之趣味。 The calligraphy art refers to the art of writing, which can be divided into hard pen and soft pen. It is an artistic form of word expression. Chinese painting is closely related to calligraphy, but it also contains the interest of literature. 3.唐代书法艺术，可分初唐、中唐、晚唐三个时期。初唐以继承为主，尊重法度，刻意追求晋代书法的劲美。中唐不断创新，极为昌盛。晚唐书艺亦有进展。 The calligraphy art of Tang Dynasty can be divided into three periods: early Tang Dynasty, middle Tang Dynasty and late Tang Dynasty. In the early Tang Dynasty, inheritance was the main way, the people in that period respected the regulations and deliberately pursued the Jin Dynasty calligraphy. In the middle Tang Dynasty, innovation continued and flourished.calligraphy also made progress In the late Tang Dynasty. --Lei kuangxi (talk) 06:13, 4 October 2020 (UTC)Lei Kuangxi

Li Lili 李丽丽

1.汉字是历史上最古老的文字之一。也是至今通行的世界上最古老的文字。世界上还没有任何一种文字像汉字这样经久不衰。 Chinese characters are one of the oldest characters in history. It is also the oldest ones written up to now. But there is no other language in the world as enduring as Chinese characters.

2.草书特点是结构简单，笔画连绵。形成于汉代，是为了书写简便在隶书基础上演变出来的。 Cursive script is characterized by simple structure and continuous strokes. It was formed in the Han Dynasty and evolved on the basis of clerical script for the convenience of writing.

3.经历宋、元、明、清，中国书法成为一个民族符号，代表了中国文化博大精深和民族文化的永恒魅力。 Through the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chinese calligraphy has become a national symbol, representing the profound Chinese culture and the eternal charm of national culture.--Li LIli (talk) 14:27, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

1.The Chinese character is one of the oldest characters in history as well as the oldest one up to now in the world. There is no such enduring character as Chinese character in the world.

2.Cursive script is characterized by simple structure and continuous strokes. It was evolved from clerical script for the convience of writing and formed in the Han Dynasty.

3.Through the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chinese calligraphy has become a national symbol, displaying the profound Chinese culture and the eternal charm of national culture. --Chen Jingjing (talk) 05:34, 4 October 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

Liu Ou 刘欧

1.仓颉造字，是中国古代神话传说之一，仓颉造字的地方叫“凤凰衔书台”。但普遍认为汉字由仓颉一人创造只是传说，不过他可能是汉字的整理者，被后人尊为“造字圣人”。 Cang jie Invented the Characters was one of the Chinese lengend stories. The place where Cang Jie invented the characters was named as Pnoenix Carries the Characters Stand. It is believed that Cang Jie invented the characters was just a lengend, but he might be the person who recollected the characters and was renowned as the Master of Character Invention.

2.1913年至1918年，毛泽东就读于湖南第一师范。读书期间，他仍然不放弃写帖。他有一句口头禅:“字要写得好，就要起得早；字要写得美，必须勤磨练：刻苦自励，穷而后工，才能得心应手……学字要有帖，帖中要发挥。” When Mao pursued his knowledge at Hunan First Normal University during 1913 to 1918, he kept practising his script wirting. There was a pet pharse of him, if you want to wirte well, you'd better get up early; write beaufully, more practise. You have to be hardworking then you can write at ease...And you have to imitate the scripts of the masters before you have your own style.

3.唐代的楷书，亦如唐代国势的兴盛局面，真所谓空前。书体成熟，书家辈出，在楷书方面，唐初的虞世南、欧阳询、褚遂良、中唐的颜真卿、晚唐的柳公权，其楷书作品均为后世所重，奉为习字的模范。 The popularity of Kaishu represnted the unprecedented comprehensive national strength of Tang Dynasty. With its growth and development, numerous calligrapher rised up and their scripts were regarded as models to be learned for the past generations, such as Yu Shinan, Ouyang Xun, Chu Suiliang of the early period, Yan Zhenqing of the Middle period and Liu Gongquan of the late period of Tang Dynasty. --Liu Ou (talk) 04:43, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

Liu Yiyu 刘怡瑜

行书实用性和艺术性皆高，而楷书是文字符号，实用性高且见功夫；相比较而言，草书则是艺术性高，但是实用性显得相对不足。 Xingshu enjoys high practicability and artistry, while regular script is a text symbol requiring skills and it also boasts high practicability; Relatively speaking, cursive script is highly artistic, but it is far from practical.

书法能够培养人的道德素质、审美能力。书法不仅有实用价值，还有审美价值。一幅好的书法作品能够反映书写者的性格特征和当时的思想感情。练习书法的过程也是书写者发现美、领悟美、创造美的过程。 Calligraphy plays an significant role in cultivating people's moral quality and aesthetic ability. Calligraphy is blessed with both practical and aesthetic values. An excellent calligraphy work reflects the character of the writer and the thoughts and feelings of the time. The process of practicing calligraphy is also the process of the writer unearthing, comprehending and creating beauty.

甲骨文在汉字漫长的发展历史上具有极其重要的地位，作为现代汉字的鼻祖是当之无愧的。我国汉字的萌芽，大约出现于新石器时代晚期陶片上的刻划符号。 Jiaguwen greatly matters in the long history of Chinese characters, and as the originator of modern Chinese characters, it's reputation is well-earned. The advent of Chinese characters in China proves to be the carved symbols on pottery slices of the late Neolithic period.--Liu Yiyu (talk) 08:57, 4 October 2020 (UTC)Liu Yiyu

Lou Cancan 娄灿灿

1.每一个汉字字符代表着一个单词或者一个概念，将它们像积木一样堆叠在一起就能建构出更多的单词。 Each Chinese character represents a word or a concept,and you stack them together like Lego bricks to build more world. --Lou Cancan (talk) 09:18, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

2.书法是中国汉字传统书写艺术，经过数百年的创造和演变，书法已经成为了一门独特的艺术形式。平衡和韵律在书法中是必不可少的，它的核心就在于正确的笔画、笔画的顺序和字体结构。 Calligraphy is the traditional art of writing Chinese characters. After centuries' creation and evolution,calligraphy has become a unique form of art.Balance and rhythm are essential in calligraphy. At its very heart,it is all about correct strokes,stroke order and character structure.--Lou Cancan (talk) 09:18, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

3.甲骨文，作为中国最早的书写文字，是书写在龟甲和动物肩胛骨上的中国古代汉字。甲骨文主要用于占卜预测及记录发生在商代晚期的大事件。 Oral bones inscriptions,the earliest Chinese writing scripts,are the ancient Chinese characters carved on tortoise shells and animal scapulas. The oracle bone inscriptions were mainly used for divination and keeping records of events happened in the late Shang Dynasty(1300BC-1046BC).--Lou Cancan (talk) 09:18, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

Luo Weijia 罗维嘉

公元前2世纪后期，古汉语一般是单音节，每个字表示一个词。 When the script was first used in the late 2nd millennium BC, words of Old Chinese were generally monosyllabic, and each character denoted a single word.

书法是将汉字书写作为一种艺术形式，将视觉艺术和字面含义结合起来。 Calligraphy is the writing of characters as an art form, combining visual art and the literary meaning.

楷书最早出现在汉魏之间，尽管那时并不流行。 The regular script first came into existence between the Han and Wei dynasties, even though it is not popular. --Luo Weijia (talk) 01:31, 2 October 2020 (UTC)

The regular script first appeared in the Han-Wei Period, which was not widely accepted at that time. --Xu Jia (talk) 08:23, 2 October 2020 (UTC) Xu Jia

2.Calligraphy takes Chinese writing as a form of art, combining visual art and literal meaning.--Ding Daifeng (talk) 10:03, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

The regular script first appeared between the Han and Wei dynasties, though it was not popular at that time.--Zhao Xi (talk) 08:02, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

Luo Yuqing 罗雨晴

郝用一个古老的汉字称为“小篆”，以刻为每一个版本的名称牌匾，以及纪念车在整个例如在发动机启动按钮和转速。

Hao uses an ancient Chinese script called "Xiao Zhuan" to engrave a name plaque for each edition as well as mark the car throughout, such as on the engine start button and the rev counter.--Luo Yuqing (talk) 05:21, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

那时活动于南京一带的学者，如王羲之和顾恺之，为中国独特的书法和绘画技艺奠定了基础。

Nanjing scholars such as Wang Xizhi and Gu Kaizhi were laying the foundations for the unique style of Chinese paintings and calligraphy.--Luo Yuqing (talk) 05:21, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

自从甲骨文发明以来，中国书法的字体经历了数个发展阶段。每个阶段都产生了数量众多的书法家和书法作品。

Since the invention of oracle, the font of Chinese calligraphy underwent several stages of development, with a large number of calligraphers and calligraphic works produced at each stage.--Luo Yuqing (talk) 05:21, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

Mo Ling 莫玲

1.甲骨文是目前我们能见到的最早的成熟汉字，主要指中国商朝晚期王室用于占卜记事而在龟甲或兽骨上契刻的文字，是中国及东亚已知最早的成体系的商代文字的一种载体。 Oracle-bone inscriptions，referring to the inscriptions carved on tortoise shells or animal bones by the royal family in the late Shang Dynasty, are the earliest mature Chinese characters we can see at present. They are the earliest systematic written characters of the Shang Dynasty in China and East Asia.

2.在王羲之的书法作品中，《兰亭序》被历代书法家公认为举世无双的“天下第一行书”。 Among Wang Xizhi's calligraphy works, "Preface to Lanting" has been widely acknowledged as "the best running script in the world" by calligraphers of all ages.

3.汉字经历了七个阶段才到目前我们通常使用的楷书。分别是甲骨文—金文—篆书(大篆、小篆)—隶书—楷书—行书—草书。 Before the present regular script that we usually use,Chinese characters have gone through seven stages. They are oracle-bone inscriptions, golden inscriptions, seal characters (big seal characters and small seal characters), official script, regular script, running script and cursive script.--Mo Ling (talk)Mo Ling

Ouyang Ling 欧阳玲

1.8000年前的刻符文字是汉字最早的雏形，中国人像画画一样，记录下他们的看到的世界。西方人常说，汉字是可以读的图画，这是因为最初汉字是根据物体的外形来表达字义。常用的汉字只有2500个左右，只要掌握了这些汉字，就如同读了一部中国的百科全书。

The marks carved on rocks 8000 years ago are regarded as the first example of Chinese characters. Ancient Chinese recorded what they saw in the world by drawing. Westerners often say that Chinese characters are pictographs. This is because the first Chinese characters were pictographs which conveyed meaning by physical resemblance of physical objects. There are 2500 frequently used Chinese characters, and a good grasp of these charcters is like reading an encyclopedia on China.

The inscribed symbols appeared 8000 years ago are the earliest form of Chinese characters. Like drawing pictures, Chinese recorded what the world was like in their eyes. As westerners often say, Chinese characters are readable paintings, since original Chinese characters conveyed objects’ meanings according to their external forms. There are only 2500 frequently-used Chinese characters. And mastering these characters is like having read a Chinese encyclopedia.--Qu Miao (talk) 12:07, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

2.笔墨纸砚是书法的基本工具。书法讲求握笔的姿势、注意笔尖和纸的角度，也讲究单个字的结构和整体的布局。

Writing brushes, Chinese ink, rice paper and ink slabs are the basic tools of calligraphy. Proper technique for handling the writing brushes and maintaining the proper angle between the tips of brushes and the paper are required. The structure of each individual character and overall arrangement are both important.

3.1600多年前的王羲之勤练书法，他涮洗毛笔的墨汁把池塘都染成了黑色，后来他成为了中国最受尊崇的书法家。几千年里，书法家们创作了诸多传世名作，王羲之的《兰亭集序》便是其中之一。

1600 years ago, a boy named Wang Xizhi worked hard at calligraphy. He washed his writing brushes in a pool and the pool turned black. Eventually he became a prominent calligrapher in China. Over the past thousands of years, calligraphers have created plenty of masterpieces which have been passed from generation to generation. One of the masterpieces is the " Orchid Pavilion Preface" by Wang Xizhi.--Ouyang Ling

1600 years ago, Wang Xizhi worked hard at practicing calligraphy. He washed his writing brushes in a pool and the pool dyed in black. Eventually he became a prominent calligrapher in China. Over the past thousands of years, calligraphers have created plenty of masterpieces which have been passed from generation to generation. One of the masterpieces is the " Orchid Pavilion Preface" by Wang Xizhi.--Yang Hairong (talk) 10:38, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Qu Miao 瞿淼

1. 传说中，汉字起源于仓颉造字。黄帝时期，黄帝命令他的臣子仓颉创造文字，仓颉是一个长有八只眼睛的怪人，他用自己的八只眼睛观察八方，看见各种各样的东西，他把这些东西的形状简化后刻在龟壳、兽骨上，就成了最早的文字。他根据日月形状、鸟兽足印创造了汉字，造字时天地震惊—“而天雨粟，鬼夜哭”，从历史的角度来看，复杂的汉字系统不可能由一个人发明，这个神话当然是荒谬的，但也说明了一个事实—汉字是有象形文字演变而来的。

According to Chinese legend, Chinese characters are created by Cangjie. During the Yellow Emperor period, the Yellow Emperor ordered his official Cangjie to create characters. Being a freak with eight eyes, Cangjie observed everywhere by his eight eyes and saw various things. Then he simplified the shapes of these things and carved them on tortoise shells and animal bones, which became the earliest characters. He created Chinese characters in shapes of sun, moon and birds’ and animals’ footprints, which, shocked the heaven and earth. It was said that “At that time, grains were raining down, and ghosts were crying at night.”（from Huai Nan Zi, a writing of intact ancient Chinese myths ) From the perspective of history, it’s impossible that the complicated Chinese characters system was created by a person. The myth was absurd for sure, but it also revealed that Chinese characters evolved from pictographs.

2. 行书是介于楷书/草书之间的一种字体，可以说是楷书的草化或草书的楷化。它是为了弥补楷书的书写速度太慢和草书的难于辨认而产生的。笔势不像草书那样潦草，也不要求楷书那样端正。

The running hand is a font between regular script and cursive script, which, in a manner of speaking, is cursive regular script or regularized cursive script. It was developed because writing regular script can be too slow while cursive script is hard to recognize. The style of runnning hand is neither that rough like cursive script, nor that standard as regular script.

3. 骨刻文是指在兽骨上刻画的符号——象形文字或图形文字，在山东集中发现（赤峰、关中等地也有发现），是我国最早的以记事为主的可识文字。

Bone carving character refers to a kind of symbol carved on animals’ bones, which is pictograph or graphical character. It was discovered mainly in Shandong province, partly in Chifeng, Guanzhong and other places. It was the earliest decipherable character that is used to keep a record of events. --Qu Miao (talk) 11:40, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Tang Bei 汤蓓

1.中国文字的主要发展历史一般包括：甲骨文、金文、小篆、隶书、草书、行书、楷书。 The major development history of Chinese characters generally includes: Oracle, inscriptions,small seal and clerical script, cursive script, running script and regular script. The major development history of Chinese characters generally includes: oracle bone inscriptions,bronze inscriptions, seal script, clerical script, cursive script, running script and regular script.--Lou Cancan (talk) 09:37, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

2.甲骨文又称契文、龟甲文或龟甲兽骨文。甲骨文是汉字的书体之一，也是现存中国最古的一种成熟文字。 Oracle is also known as the tortoiseshell text or turtle shell bones text. Oracle is not only one of the front of Chinese characters but also a mature text. Oracle is also known as the tortoiseshell script or turtle shell bones script. Oracle is not only one of the fonts of Chinese character but also a mature text.--Lou Cancan (talk) 09:37, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

3.隶书是汉字中常见的一种庄重的字体，书写效果略微宽扁，横画长而直画短，讲究“蚕头燕尾”、“一波三折”。它起源于秦朝，在东汉时期达到顶峰，书法界有“汉隶唐楷”之称。 The official script is one of solemn font of Chinese characters: writing slightly wide, flat, horizontal painting long and straight draw short, it prayed attention to the "silkworm head dovetail", "twists and turns" and originated in the Qin Dynasty, and reached a peak in the Eastern Han Dynasty.--Tang Bei (talk) 08:29, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

Wang Xuan 王轩

1. 汉字已有六千年的历史，是全球使用时间最长并且没有出现断层的文字，也是古人象形表意造字唯一传承至今并硕果仅存的文字。 The Chinese character is the only continuous one with more than six thousand years history as well as the only one inherited from images expressing the meaning.

2. 现存最早的中国书法叫作甲骨文，是一种雕刻在动物骨头、龟壳和青铜器皿上面的铭文。最早的甲骨文可以追溯到商朝。商王在举行重大占卜仪式时都会用到这些刻了甲骨文的器具，因此一些学者认为，自早期将文字与政治权威联系在一起以后，能够读文写字的人就慢慢拥有了特殊的社会地位。 The earliest extant examples of Chinese writing are the inscriptions that appear on so-called oracle bones (animal bones and turtle shells) and on bronze vessels, the oldest of which date back to the Shang dynasty (ca.1600-ca.1100 B.C.E.). Shang kings used these objects in important divination rituals, and some scholars have argued that this early association of writing with ritual and political authority helps to account for the special status conferred upon those who could read and write.

3. 楷书是一种方正的字体，由隶书演变而来。其将“起笔蚕头，收笔燕尾”的隶书转变为横平竖直的笔画形式。楷书于汉末萌芽，魏晋南北朝时期发展势头正猛，到唐代达到顶峰。楷书直到今日还有许多人在使用，并且在书法学习过程中，楷书是必须学好的基本技能。 Regular script is also known as “uniform script” and “real script”, referring to a typeface of order. Regular script is a regular typeface directly evolved from clerical script. It turned the “silkworm head and wild goose tail” of clerical script into a flat and straight form. The word turns from being flat to square and regular. Regular script began to bud in the late Han dynasty, gaining momentum in Wei-Jin North and South dynasties and reaching its prime in the Tang dynasty. This script has remained in use until now and is the fundamental skill people must learn well in their study of calligraphy.

--Wang Xuan (talk) 02:47, 4 October 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

Wu Qiong 吴琼

1. 汉字是历史上最古老的文字之一。也是至今通行的世界上最古老的文字。世界上还没有任何一种文字像汉字这样经久不衰。 Chinese characters are one of the oldest characters in history as well as the world's oldest one so far. No other kind of characters in the world are so enduring as Chinese characters.--WuQiong (talk) 14:12, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

2.书法是以汉字为基础、用毛笔书写的、具有四维特征的抽象符号艺术，它体现了万事万物的“对立统一”这个基本规律又反映了人作为主体的精神、气质、学识和修养。 Calligraphy is an abstract symbol art with four-dimensional characteristics based on Chinese characters and written with a brush. It embodies the basic law of "the unity of opposites" of everything and reflects the spirit, temperament, knowledge and cultivation of human beings as the subject.--WuQiong (talk) 14:12, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

3.书法经历了篆书、隶书、草书、楷书、行书的演变 Calligraphy has undergone the evolution of seal, official , cursive, regular and running script.--WuQiong (talk) 15:40, 30 September 2020 (UTC)--WuQiong (talk) 14:12, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Calligraphy has undergone the evolution of seal character, official script, regular script and running script.--Luo Yuqing (talk) 05:28, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

1. Chinese character is one of the oldest character in history, and it is also the oldest one in the world. There is no other charater like Chinese character in the word.

2. Calligraphy is an abstract symbol art with four-dimensional characteristics based on Chinese characters and written with a brush. It represents the the basic law of "the unity of opposites" of everything, which reflects the spirit, temperament, knowledge and cultivation of human beings as a subject.

3. Calligraphy has a hisroty of seal, official , cursive, regular and running script.

--Wang Xuan (talk) 03:16, 4 October 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

Wu Zijia 吴子佳

1.行书源于隶书，其在隶书的基础上发展完善，行书作为一种特殊字体，其介于楷书、草书之间，行书的书写速度比楷书快，又不如草书那么难于辨认，有其特殊的优点。

1.Xingshu,developed from Lishu,is a special script which is more easily to be written than regular script and is more recognizable than Xingshu .

2.但是甲骨文总共才二千多字，其中还有不少尚未释出的怪字（特别是人名、地名），真正派上用场的不是很多。

2.But there are about 2000 characters in Jiagu Wen in total,some of which do not have exact meaning(especially some names and places),so only a few are useful.

3.《兰亭集序》被誉为“天下第一行书”，全文出现21个“之”字，字重体不重，每一个“之”字都形态不一各有千秋。

3.Preface to the Orchid Pavilion is recognizesd as "the best work in ancient China",and there are 21 "之（a chinese character pronounced as zhi）"in the work,and each of them is different from others in shape . --Wu Zijia (talk) 10:16, 4 October 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

Xiao Shuangling 肖双玲

1.一个国家的文字表达和承载着一个国家、民族的文化，文字因国家、民族文化的发展而传承，国家、民族文化也因文字的传承而延续、发展。

The language of a country expresses and carries the culture of a country and nation. The language is inherited due to the development of the country and national culture, and the country and national culture are also continued and developed due to the inheritance of the language.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 04:47, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

The language of a country expresses and carries the culture of a country and nation. The language is inherited due to the development of the country and national culture, and the country and national culture are also passed down and develope due to the inheritance of the language. --Lou Cancan (talk) 09:43, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

A country"s characters is an expression and carrier of its culture.Its characters are inherited by the cultural development of the country and nation,while the culture of the country and nation is continued and enhanced in the inheritance of the characters.--Xiao Ting (talk) 05:31, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

2.书法，是中国及深受中国文化影响过的周边国家和地区特有的一种文字美的艺术表现形式。 Calligraphy is a unique form of artistic expression of the beauty of characters in China and the surrounding countries and regions that have been deeply influenced by Chinese culture.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 04:47, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Calligraphy ,a peculiar form of expression of art for the beauty of characters,exists in China and the surrounding countries and regions having been greatly influenced by Chinese culture.--Xiao Ting (talk) 05:31, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

3.书法是中国传统文化最具标志的民族符号，它是用毛笔书写汉字并具有审美惯性的艺术形式。

Calligraphy is the most emblematic national symbol of Chinese traditional culture. It is an artistic form of writing Chinese characters with a brush and possessing aesthetic inertia.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 04:47, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Calligraphy is the most iconic national symptom of Chinese traditional culture.It is a form of art with brush for writing and aesthetic inertia.--Xiao Ting (talk) 05:31, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

Calligraphy is the most emblematic national symbol of Chinese traditional culture. It is an art form of writing Chinese characters with brush and aesthetic inertia.--Luo Weijia (talk) 12:06, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

Xiao Ting 肖婷

1.世界上还没有任何一种文字像汉字这样经久不衰。 从甲骨文发展到今天的汉字，已经有数千年的历史。 There is no any other characters as eduring as Chinese characters with thousands of years of history from Jiagu Wen (oracle script)to its counterpart today.

2.书法字体的发展以篆、隶、草、楷、行为顺序，结构和笔画逐渐变得俭省，除了实用性，还有了自己的艺术性。 The development of Chinese calligraphy follows a order of the seal scipt(zhuan),the offical or clerical script(li),the regular script(kai),the running hand(xing) and cusive handa(cao).During the process,its structure and strokes are becomung simple,possessing not only practicality but also its own artistry.

3.汉字书法为汉族独创的表现艺术，被誉为：无言的诗，无行的舞；无图的画，无声的乐等 As a Han-original espression of art ,Calligraphy is praised as poem of no words,dance of no movements,painting of no images,and music of silence --Xiao Ting (talk) 04:57, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

As a Han-original expression of art, calligraphy is praised as poems without words, dances without movements, paintings without images, and musics without sound.--Zhang Yu (talk) 05:29, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

1. No other kind of characters in the world are so enduring as Chinese characters. There are thousands of years developing history from oracle to Chinese characters.--WuQiong (talk) 15:25, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

2. Calligraphy has evaluated from seal, official , cursive, regular to running script, and the structures and strokes have been simplified with great artistry aside from practicability.--WuQiong (talk) 15:25, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

3. As a unique expression art created by the ethnic Han, Chinese calligraphy is known as poem without words, dance without gesture, painting without image, music without sound. etc.--WuQiong (talk) 15:25, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Xie Fan 解帆

1.在异国他乡谋生，汉字便是一种寄托，哪怕是一块牌匾、一纸小条，上面的方块字会像磁铁般地吸引着你，让你感受到来自祖国的亲切。

Chinese characters are a kind of emtional sustenance for those who live abroad. Even characters on a plaque or a small piece of paper can attract them like a magnet and make you feel at home.--XieFan (talk) 14:36, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Chinese characters are a kind of spiritual ballast for those who live abroad. Even characters on a plaque or a small piece of paper can attract them like a magnet and make people feel at home.--Jiang Qiwei (talk) 15:42, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

2.隶书强化了汉字的记号功能，削弱了象形功能，对汉字的改变很大，成为古今文字的分水岭。

Clerical script strengthened the marking function of Chinese characters while weakened the pictographic function, which greatly changed Chinese characters and became a watershed between ancient and modern ones.--XieFan (talk) 14:36, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Clerical script has strengthened the sign function of Chinese characters while weakened the pictographic function of it, which has played an important role in changing Chinese characters and become a watershed between ancient and modern ones.--Luo Yuqing (talk) 05:33, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

3.在书坛走向多元化的今天，书法艺术升华到观念变革的高层次，这无疑是迈了一大步。

With the diversification of calligraphy, the artistry of calligraphy has been improved to the reform of concept, which is undoubtedly a big step forward.--XieFan (talk) 14:36, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Xu Jia 徐佳

1.古文字在历史中经历了长时间的演变，是华夏文化的结晶。

After centuries of evolution, ancient Chinese characters represent one of the splendid cultural achievements of China. --Xu Jia (talk) 07:58, 2 October 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

Ancient Chinese characters have undergone a long period of evolution in history and are the crystallization of Chinese culture.--You Yuting (talk) 03:38, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Going through a long-term evolution, antient Chinese characters became the crystallization of Chinese culture.--XieFan (talk) 14:41, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Ancient Chinese characters, going through centuries of evolution in history, are the crystallization of Chinese culture.--Zhang Yujie (talk) 06:40, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

2.隶书的产生是汉字的一大改革，其意义不仅在于汉字从此走向符号化，更重要的是它改变了汉字的书写方式和审美趋向，从而为楷书书法艺术的产生奠定了基础。

The emergence of Li Shu was a significant reform of Chinese characters, since it made Chinese characters more symbolic and showed a new aesthetics trend of writing, thus laying the foundation for the appearance of Kai Shu. --Xu Jia (talk) 07:58, 2 October 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

The emergence of Li Shu was a significant reform of Chinese characters, since it made Chinese characters more symbolic and showed a new pattern and aesthetics trend of writing, thus laying the foundation for the appearance of Kai Shu.--Ouyang Ling

3.楷书由隶书逐渐演变而来，更趋简化，横平竖直，字体端正，是现代通行的汉字正体字。

Kai Shu, the regular script, evolved from Li Shu. It is more simplified and has been widely used in modern society. It has smooth horizontal and vertical strokes, and the shape of characters is square. --Xu Jia (talk) 07:58, 2 October 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

Yang Chenting 杨晨婷

1. 汉字书法习称“书法”，是流行于全中国的一种书写汉字的传统艺术。

Chinese Calligraphy,known as Calligraphy, is a kind of traditional writing art form that prevalent in China. 
Chinese Calligraphy,known as Calligraphy, is a kind of traditional writing art that is prevalent in China.--Wu Zijia (talk) 10:22, 4 October 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

2. 在世界各民族中，能将实用文字的书写发展成与绘画、音乐、舞蹈、雕塑、文学并列的艺术，只有中华民族的汉字书法。 Among all nations around the world, Chinese Caligraphy is the only practical writing that is able to be developed in apposition to painting, music, dancing, sculpture and literature.

3. 中国书法，能集中体现一个人的精神气质、文化修养等总体素质。 Chinese Calligraphy is the centralized reflection of a person' s spiritual temperament, cultural accomplishment and so on. --Yang chenting (talk) 07:27, 4 October 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

Yang Hairong 杨海容

1.泰山封山刻石，相传为李斯所书从甲骨文到小篆，汉字经历了从象形文字到表意文字的发展过程，字形逐步脱离事物的具体形象。这一时期的汉字称为古文字。

According to legend, the stone carvings on Mount Tai Feng were written by Li Si, a famous statesman, writer and calligrapher of Qin Dynasty. From oracle bone inscriptions to small seals, Chinese characters have undergone the development process from hieroglyphics to ideograms, and the shape of the characters gradually deviates from the concrete image of things. The Chinese characters of this period are called ancient characters.

It is said that the stone carvings on Mount Tai were produced by Li Si, a famous statesman, writer and calligrapher of Qin Dynasty. From oracle bone inscriptions to small seal script, Chinese characters have undergone the development process from hieroglyphics to ideograms, and the shape of the characters gradually deviates from the concrete image of things. The Chinese characters of this period are called archaic characters.--Zhou Yiwen (talk) 14:40, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

2.小篆是中国第一个也是唯一一个由国家规定的标准汉字形态。从字体风格的角度来看，它具有规范整齐、匀称优美等特点，在秦朝灭亡后的两千多年里一直受到书法家们的喜爱，几乎历代都有善于书写小篆的大家出现。

Seal script is the first and only standard Chinese character form prescribed by the state in China. From the perspective of font style, it has the characteristics of standard, neat, well-proportioned and beautiful. It has been welcomed by calligraphers for more than two thousand years after the collapse of the Qin Dynasty and almost all generations have been good at writing seal script.

Seal script is the first and the only standard Chinese character prescribed by the state in China. From the perspective of characters' style, it is characterized by neatness, symmetry, and beauty. It has been welcomed by calligraphers for more than two thousand years after the collapse of the Qin Dynasty and almost in every dynasty there were calligraphers skilled in seal script.--Zhou Yiwen (talk) 14:40, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

3.王羲之兼善隶、草、楷、行各体，精研体势，心摹手追，广采众长，备精诸体，冶于一炉，摆脱了汉魏笔风，自成一家，影响深远。

Wang Xizhi is good at all kinds of calligraphy such as clerical script, cursive hand, regular script and running hand. He intensively studied calligraphy and wrote down by heart, gathering the strengths of all kinds of calligraphy as one. The style of his calligraphy got rid of the style of Han and Wei, and formed a family by itself, with far-reaching influence.--Yang Hairong (talk) 10:31, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Wang Xizhi is skilled at wrting in clerical, cursive, running and regular scripts. He got rid of the writing style of Han and Wei Danysties, created his style of calligraphy by painstaking study and practice, absorbing the best of various calligraphers, leaving a profound impact on later generations.--Zhou Yiwen (talk) 14:40, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Yang Hui 阳慧

中国古代文化，其实就是汉字的发展史，就是汉字的发展、繁荣和应用的过程，我们应该认识到，汉字文化是中国古代文化流传下来的不可多得的一份遗产。

Ancient Chinese culture is actually the development history of Chinese characters and the development, prosperity and application process of Chinese characters. We should realize that Chinese character culture is a rare heritage handed down from ancient Chinese culture.

书法是汉民族特有的文字书写艺术，虽然书法艺术的自觉化至东汉末才发生，但书法艺术当于汉字的.萌生同时。

Calligraphy is the unique writing art of the Han nationality, although the self-consciousness of the calligraphy art did not take place until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, but the calligraphy art when the emergence of Chinese characters at the same time.

Calligraphy is a unique writing art of the Han nationality, although the self-consciousness of the calligraphy art did not take place until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, but in fact the calligraphy art occured as the emergence of Chinese characters.--Gao Mingzhu (talk) 06:04, 4 October 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

目前发现的于原始汉字有关的资料,为学术界公认的中国最早的古汉字资料，是商代中.后期(约前14至 前11世纪)的甲骨文和金文。

At present, the information about the original Chinese characters is the earliest ancient Chinese characters in China, which is recognized by the academic circles.--YangHui (talk) 03:23, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

The materials related to the original Chinese characters discovered so far are the earliest ancient Chinese character materials recognized by the academic circle, which are the Oracle-bone inscriptions and jinwen of the middle and later period in Shang Dynasty. (c. 14th-11th centuries).--Gao Mingzhu (talk) 06:04, 4 October 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

The materials related to the original characters till now, recognized as the earliest ancient Chinese character materials by the academic circle, are the oracle-bone inscriptions and jinwen in the middle and later period of Shang Dynasty (BC.14th century - BC.11th century).--Zhao Xi (talk) 08:35, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

Yi Zichu 义子楚

1，书法是中国艺术的最高形式之一，既能传达思想，又能展示线条抽象的美感。 Chinese calligraphy is one of the highest forms of Chinese art, serving the purpose of conveying thoughts while also show casing the abstract beauty of lines. 2, 人们普遍认为练习书法能使人保持身体健康，中国历史上的书法家多有长寿之辈，也证明了这一说法 It is also widely acknowledged that Chinese calligraphy can play a role in preserving the health of those who practice it, which is proven by the long lives of many calligraphers in history. 3，人们在练习书法时全神贯注，被书法作品的魅力深深吸引，从而对令人不快的事情视而不见，乐而不闻，取而代之是一种平静和轻松，以及一种舒适怡然的心理状态，这对身心大有裨益 When one is practicing calligraphy, he or she highly concentrated and spellbound by the charm of the work, turning a blind eye and deaf ear to unpleasant things. A sense of calm and relaxation and a comfortable psychologicalstate take over, which is highly beneficial to both the body and mind.--Yi Zichu (talk) 04:49, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

You Yuting 游雨婷

1.每一个汉字如同鲜活跳动的生命,都承载着中华民族悠久而灿烂的文明.书写汉字的同时,本身就是在传承中华文明,增进人们对中华文化的了解,从而更能增强人们对祖国的热爱。 Every Chinese character, like a living life, carries the time-honored and splendid civilization of the Chinese nation. When writing Chinese characters, we are carrying forward Chinese civilization and improving people's understanding of Chinese culture, thus enhancing people's love for the motherland.

Every Chinese character, like the life of living and beating, bears the long and splendid civilization of the Chinese nation . While writing Chinese characters, it is inheriting the Chinese civilization and promoting people's understanding of the Chinese culture, so that people can enhance their love for the motherland. --YangHui (talk) 03:28, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

2.书法，是世界上少数几种文字所有的艺术形式。其中，“中国书法”是汉字特有的一种艺术表现形式，被誉为:无言的诗，无形的舞，无图的画，无声的乐。 Calligraphy is one of the few written art forms in the world. Among them, "Chinese calligraphy" is a unique artistic form of Chinese characters, known as: silent poetry, intangible dance, painting without pictures, and soundless music.

3.书法的演变一般是指书法字体的演变。中国书法历史悠久，书体沿革流变，书法艺术异采迷人。从甲骨文、金文演变而为大篆、小篆、隶书。 The evolution of calligraphy generally refers to the evolution of calligraphy fonts. Chinese calligraphy changes in the style of calligraphy with a long history.The art of calligraphy is unique and fascinating.Calligraphy has been giving out artistic charm from inscriptions on bones and inscriptions on ancient bronze objects to major seal script, small seal script and official script.--You Yuting (talk) 03:37, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Yuan Tianyi 袁天翼

近年来，随着经济的快速增长，中国的国际影响力提升了，世界上学汉字的人也多了起来。这套独特的符号系统积淀了丰富的历史文化内容，西方人在学汉字的过程中甚至能体会到这个东方民族细腻的思想。如今在中国，汉字也越来越受到人们的重视。

In recent years, with the rapid growth of economy, the international influences of China has improved, along with it is the increasing number of people who begin to learn to write Chinese characters, which boasts unique symbol system that accumulates rich historical and cultural contents. The occidentals can even appreciate delicate ideas of the orientals through learning Chinese characters. In China, nowadays, growing attention is attached to Chinese characters in China.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 08:54, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

In recent years, with the rapid growth of economy, the international influences of China has improved, along with the increasing number of people who are learning Chinese characters, which boast unique symbol system that accumulates rich historical and cultural contents. The occidentals can even appreciate delicate ideas of the orientals through learning Chinese characters. Nowadays, Chinese people themselves are also paying more attention to Chinese characters.--Ouyang Ling

中国书法作为汉字书写的艺术，具有非常悠久的历史。它是中国艺术的最高形式之一，既能传达思想，又能展示线条抽象的美感。人们还普遍认为，练习书法能够使人保持身体健康。中国历史上的书法家多有长寿之辈，也证实了这一说法。

Chinese calligraphy boasts the fame of a time-honored art of the writing of Chinese characters, as well as one of the highest forms of art, serving the purpose of conveying ideas and showcase the aesthetic of abstract lines. It is generally acknowledged that practising calligraphy is wholesome to people’s health, which is also proven by Chinese history that boasts calligraphers who enjoyed longevity.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 08:54, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

书法的演变一般是指书法字体的演变。一般说来魏晋时期既是书体的终结期，又是书法技法的集大成期。中国书法历史悠久，书体沿革流变，书法艺术异采迷人。从甲骨文、金文演变而为大篆、小篆、隶书，至东汉、魏、晋的草书、楷书、行书诸体，书法一直散发着独特的艺术魅力。

The evolution of calligraphy usually refers to that of the fonts of calligraphy. Generally speaking, the Wei-Jin period not only represents the termination of chirography, but also reveals the climax of the skills of calligraphy. The time-honored Chinese calligraphy boasts ever-changing chirography with miscellaneous and captivating art. From Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Bronze Inscriptions to Large Seal Script, Small Seal Script and Official Script, and even to fonts like cursive script, regular script and running hand from the Eastern Han, Wei and Jin dynasties, Chinese calligraphy consistently possesses unique charm.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 08:54, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Zeng Xinyuan 曾心媛

1.中国汉字具有形态之美。原始的中国汉字是一种表意的象形文字，字形跟字义、字音之间有着一定的联系，它是形、音、义的结合体。 Chinese characters have the beauty of form. Primitive Chinese characters are a kind of ideographic Hieroglyph, the form, meaning and pronunciation of which is quite connected. It’s a combination of form, sound, and meaning.

2.书法是汉字的书写艺术。它不仅是华夏的文化瑰宝，而且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异采。汉字在漫长的演变发展的历史长河中，一方面起着思想交流、文化继承等重要的社会作用，另一方面它本身又形成了一种独特的造型艺术。 Calligraphy is a writing art of Chinese character. It is not only cultural treasures of China, but also an unique splash in the treasury of world culture and art. In the long history of evolution and development, Chinese characters, on the one hand, play an important public role in exchanges of ideas, and cultural inheritance, on the other hand, it itself has formed an unique plastic art.

3.汉字的刻画符号，首先出现在陶器上。最初的刻画符号只表示一个大概的混沌的概念，没有确切的含义。 The portrayal symbols of Chinese characters were firstly appeared on potteries. Initial symbols only expressed a generalized and vague concept, instead of exact meaning.--Zeng Xinyuan (talk) 07:50, 4 October 2020 (UTC)Zeng Xinyuan

1. Chinese characters is embodied with the beauty in form. The original Chinese characters is a kind of pictograph, the form of which has something to do with its meaning and pronunciation. It' s a combination of form, sound and meaning.

2. Calligraphy is a writing art of Chinese character. It is not only a treasure of Chinese civilization, but also enriches the world culture. In the long run of the development of Chinese character, it plays a role in culture communication and inheritance, while at the same time, itself forms an unique plastic art.

3. The portrayal symbols of Chinese characters were first to be found on potteries. At first, the original ones only presented a vague concept with no specific meaning. --Yang chenting (talk) 07:43, 4 October 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

Zhang Ling 张玲

1. 在中国汉字三千多年的发展历史中，中国汉字的演变趋势是一个由繁到简的过程，这样的一种趋势让中国的识字率持续提高，也为文化的传承交流提供了强有力的保障。

In the development history of Chinese characters for more than 3000 years, the evolution trend of Chinese characters is a process from complexity to simplicity. Such a tend allows China's literacy rate continue to improve, and provides a strong guarantee for cultural heritage and exchange.

In the development history of Chinese characters for more than 3000 years, the evolution trend of Chinese characters is a process from complexity to simplicity. Such a tend allows China's literacy rate to improve constantly, and provides a strong guarantee for cultural heritage and exchange.--Gao Mingzhu (talk) 06:08, 4 October 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

2. 书法是以汉字为基础、用毛笔书写的、具有四维特征的抽象符号艺术，它体现了万事万物的“对立统一”这个基本规律又反映了人作为主体的精神、气质、学识和修养。

Calligraphy is an abstract symbolic art based on Chinese characters, written with brush and with four-dimensional characteristics. It embodies the basic law of "unity of opposites" of all things, and reflects the spirit, temperament, knowledge and cultivation of human beings as the subject.

3. 中国数千年的书法史精彩纷呈，各家各派在历史长河中留下了浓墨重彩的一笔，并以自己独到的思想见解影响了无数后人。

The history of Chinese calligraphy for thousands of years is full of splendor. Each school and faction has left an indelible mark in the long history, and has influenced countless future generations with their own unique ideas and insights. --Zhang Ling (talk) 09:52, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Zhang Weihong 张维虹

1.汉字是表达的工具但又不仅仅是。它还带着与生俱来的历史温度和文化内涵。陈寅恪先生说：“凡解释一字，即是做一部文化史。” 确实，每一个字的诞生，都有诸多构成因素以及变化与演进特点。

Chinese character is more than a tool of expression. It carries inherent history and culture. "The explanation of any Chinese character represents a book of cultural history." said Mr. Chen Yinqiu. It is true that the origin of every character has many factors, changes and evolutionary features.

2. 书法是中国特有的一种传统艺术，而王羲之的《兰亭序》代表了中国书法史上的第一个高峰，也是历代书法爱好者的崇拜对象。

Calligraphy is an unique Chinese traditional art. Preface to the Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion by Wang Xizhi represented the first peak in the history of Chinese Calligraphy and an ideal for calligraphy enthusiasts for generations.

3. 然而事实恰恰相反，就产生的时间来说，是先有草书，再有行书，楷书最晚出现。古人分的五大类字体，如果论资排辈，出场顺序是：篆、隶、草、行、楷。楷书在字体家族里，“辈份”是最小的。

However, it was quite the opposite. In terms of time of origin, running script first appeared in the history, and then cursive script and at last regular script. Ancient people divided Chinese scripts into five major kinds. In order of seniority, their line-up will be seal script, clerical script, running script, and cursive regular. Therefore, in the family of scripts, regular script is the youngest.

Zhang Yu 张瑜

1.汉字不仅仅是中国人交流信息的符号，更承载着我们民族的历史、文化和精神气象。

The Chinese characters not only are the symbols for Chinese people to exchange information, but also carry our national history, culture and spiritual atmosphere.

The Chinese characters not only serve as the symbols for exchanging information between Chinese people, but also represent the history, culture and spirit of the Chinese nation.--Ouyang Ling

The Chinese characters are not only the symbols for Chinese people to exchange information, but also carry our national history, culture and spiritual atmosphere.--Lou Cancan (talk) 09:51, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

2.书法艺术作为传统文化的重要组成部分，在中国文化中最具典型特征，有着悠久的历史与深厚的底蕴。

The art of calligraphy, as an important part of traditional culture, has typical characteristics, long history and profound foundation.

The art of calligraphy, as an important part of China's traditional culture, has the most distinctive characteristics, long history and profound foundation.--Ouyang Ling

3.中国书法在数千年的发展中已经形成系统体系，并在不断追求多样化的表现形式。

Chinese calligraphy has formed its own systems in the course of development for thousands of years, and it has been pursuing diverse forms of expression.--Zhang Yu (talk) 05:14, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Zhang Yujie 张毓婕

中国人的情思已经浓缩为那最简单的横竖撇捺。每一笔，都是饱蘸着华夏碧血写就的。在海外，无论你功成名就还是漂泊沦丧，只要有方块字的伴随，你就会有几多慰藉几多寄托。

The feelings of Chinese are carried by these seemingly simple strokes, each of which is written entirely with the passion of Chinese nation. Overseas, whether you are extremely famous or leading a wondering life, comforts and warmth are brought to you as long as you are accompanied by these familiar characters.--Zhang Yujie (talk) 06:18, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

楷书是由隶书演变而来的。直到现在，仍是汉字的标准字体，已有近2000年的历史了。

With a long history of nearly two thousand years, regular script, evolved from official script, is still the standard font of Chinese characters until now.--Zhang Yujie (talk) 06:18, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

汉字书法为汉族独创的表现艺术，它是富有美感的艺术作品，被誉为：无言的诗，无行的舞；无图的画，无声的乐等

Chinese calligraphy is an original art created by Chinese nation. It is so admirable as to be described as silent poems, intangible dance, invisible paintings, soundless music and so on.--Zhang Yujie (talk) 06:18, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

Zhang Yuxing 张宇星

原始的中国汉字是一种表意的象形文字，字形跟字义、字音之间有着一定的联系，它是形、音、义的结合体。 The original Chinese character, a kind of hieroglyphics, is a combination of form, sound and meaning as there is a certain connection between the shape, the meaning and the sound of the character.

汉字书法为汉族独创的表现艺术，被誉为：无言的诗，无行的舞；无图的画，无声的乐等. Chinese calligraphy is a unique expressive art created by Han nationality, renowned as: poems without words, dances without forms; painting without pictures and music without sounds, etc.

从甲骨文、金文演变而为大篆、小篆、隶书，至东汉、魏、晋的草书、楷书、行书诸体，书法一直散发着艺术的魅力。 From oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions to the big seal, small seal and official script, and then to the cursive script, regular script and running script of the Eastern Han, Wei, and Jin Dynasties, calligraphy has always exuded the charm of art.--Zhang Yuxing (talk) 02:16, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

Zhao Xi 赵茜

1.书法是中国文化的精粹，除了满足日常书写外，它已经上升成为一门特别的高等艺术。它兴旺于中华大地数千年而不衰。

Calligraphy is the essence of Chinese culture, which has become a unique advanced art except for meeting a demand for daily writing. It emerged and flourished in China and is everlasting over thousands of years.

Calligraphy is the essence of Chinese culture, which has ascended to a unique advanced art except for serving as a tool for daily writing. It emerged and flourished in China and is everlasting over thousands of years.--Lou Cancan (talk) 10:00, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

2.商业气息浓重的店面装饰一些具有古色古香、文化色彩的书法作品就会平添几分高雅。书法作品也常常装饰客厅，书房和卧室。

Commercial stores decorated with some quaint and cultural calligraphy works will naturally possess sense of elegance. Living rooms, studies, and bedrooms are usually decorated with calligraphy works as well.

3.汉字写在吸水性很强的宣纸上，然后再装裱起来挂上墙壁。书法作品多半是居室主人所喜爱的一首诗词或是一句格言；如果这是他自己所作，那就更能显示他的志趣和才华了。

Characters are written on rice paper with strong water absorption which is mounted and hanged on the wall. The content of a work mostly is a poem or a motto appreciated by the house owner. If it is composed by himself, the work will reveal more about his aspiration, interest and talent.--Zhao Xi (talk) 07:54, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

Characters are written on rice paper with strong water-absorbing property which is mounted and hanged on the wall. The content of a work mostly is a poem or a motto appreciated by the house owner. If it is composed by himself, the work will reveal more about his aspiration, interest and talent.--Lou Cancan (talk) 10:00, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

Zhao Xiaoyan 赵晓燕

1.宋代以后，由于经济、贸易和文化的发展，印刷术在文化交流上扮演了重要的角色，印刷术能够大规模复制各类文字内容。 After Song Dynasty,due to the development of economy，trade and culture, ptinting played an important role in cultural exchanges,which can duplicate various characters in a large scale.

2.把文字的书写性发展到一种审美阶段--融入了创作者的观念、思维、情感，并能激发审美对象的审美情感（也就是一种真正意义上的书法的形成）。 The handwriting of characters was developed into a aesthetic stage--integrated authors' conceptions, minds and emotions, and arouse the affection of aesthetic objects (which means the calligraphy formed in a real sense).

3.中国书法历史悠久，书体沿革流变，书法艺术异采迷人，从甲骨文、金文演变而为大篆、小篆、隶书，至东汉、魏、晋的草书、楷书、行书诸体，书法一直散发着艺术魅力。 Chinese calligraphy has a long history with changing writing styles and charming artistry. From oracle bone script and chinese beonze inscriptions evolving into large seal script, small seal script and clerical script, including the cursive script, regular script and semi-cursive script in East Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin Dynasties, calligraphy is always full of art charming. --Zhao Xiaoyan (talk) 13:38, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Zhou Yiwen 周艺文

1.仓颉是黄帝时的史官，造字的初衷是因为当时结绳和刀刻的记事方法已经不能满足需要，另一说是其绳结记录的史书在给黄帝提供史实时出了差错。

Cangjie is the historian under the Yellow Emperor. The reason why Cangjie invented characters is the methods of keep records by tying knots or notching wood were no longer meet the needs of recording historical events. Another supposition of this is there were mistakes in the historical records kept by tying konts.

Cangjie is the historian under the Yellow Emperor. He invented characters because it is no longer necessary to keep records of historical events by tying knots or notching wood, and another supposition is there were mistakes in the historical records kept by tying konts.--Zhang Yuxing (talk) 02:23, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

2.从字体演变的历史过程来看，虽然隶书的形成是汉字由线条结构变为点画结构的标志，但是汉字点画结构的典型不是隶书而是楷书。

From the historical process of characters, the formation of clerical script marks the transformation of Chinese characters from line structure to Dianhua structure (Dianhua means the strokes of Chinese character, such as dot, horizontal, straight.),while the typical script is not clerical script but regular script.

3.行书是介于楷书和草书之间的一种书体，王羲之的行书也更加体现了他的书法的妍美特色和革新精神以及审美理想，为后人所称道。

Running hand is a kind of script between regular script and cursive script. Wang Xizhi's works of running hand embody beauty, innovation and aesthetic ideal, which are highly valued by later generations.--Zhou Yiwen (talk) 13:57, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Running hand is a kind of script between regular script and cursive script. Wang Xizhi's works of running hand featuring beauty, innovation and aesthetic ideal, which are highly valued by later generations.--Zhang Yuxing (talk) 02:23, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

Zhou Yuanqu 周园曲

1. 汉字已有六千年的历史，是全球使用时间最长并且没有出现断层的文字，也是古人象形表意造字唯一传承至今的文字。 With a history of over six thousand years, Chinese characters are used for the longest time in the world without interruption, and meanwhile they are the only existing ideograms inherited from the ancient people.

2. 把文字的书写性发展到一种审美阶段——融入了创作者的观念、思维、精神，并能激发审美对象的审美情感，是一种真正意义上的书法的形成。 The proper calligraphy requires its practioner to develop the process of just writing characters into an aesthetic process in which the characters are infused with the creator’ thoughts and ideas and gain the magic power to arouse the aesthetic feelings of the aesthetic object.

3. 汉字的演变经历了几千年的漫长历程，经历了甲骨文、金文、篆书、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等阶段。 The evolution of Chinese characters witnesses thousands of years, going through different stages including the phase of oracle bone inscriptions, inscriptions on ancient bronze objects，seal characters, clerical script, regular script, cursive script and running script.--Zhou Yuanqu (talk) 07:19, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

Zhu Meimei 祝美梅

理清汉字、书法和中国文化的关系,引导学生热爱传统文化 Sorting out the relations between Chinese characters, calligraphy and culture to nurture students' passion for traditional culture.

汉字书法为汉族独创的表现艺术，被誉为：无言的诗、无形的舞、无图的画、无声的乐等。 Chinese calligraphy is an unique art created by Hans, often compared as poem, dance, drawing or song though it is speechless and motionless.

书法艺术是我国文化艺术的重要组成部分,魏晋南北朝时期社会动荡,对社会生产力产生了较大的影响,但是在这一时期,我国的书法艺术却得到了空前的发展,且逐渐进入到了自觉阶段. Calligraphy is a very important part in Chinese culture and art. Owing the turbulence in the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the art of calligraphy was developed at an unprecedented rate and gradually went into a conscious stage, though social productivity was badly influenced. --Zhumeimei (talk) 09:20, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

Zhu Xu 朱旭

1. 转注字是六书中的用字之法，同假借字一样，原则上都不能产生新字。它反映了语音的发展变化或方音的差异；同时它也反映了一种语言文字现象：即文字是如何调整自己的形体以适应发展变化了的语言的需要的，它是一种动态的文字现象。

Synonymous character is one of the six categories of characters,which likes phonetic loan character that cannot produce new characters in principle. It reflects the development and change of speech sounds or the difference of dialect sounds,and it also reflects the phenomenon of language writing:how characters adjust their forms to meet the needs of the development and change of language. It is a dynamic writing phenomenon.

2. 瘦金体是宋徽宗赵佶所创的一种字体，是书法史上极具个性的一种书体，因其与晋楷唐楷等传统书体区别较大，个性极为强烈，故可称作是书法史上的一个独创。

Slender gold is a type of script created by Emperor Huizong of Song,and is a very individual style in the history of calligraphy. Due to its differences among traditional typefaces such as Jin Kai and Tang Kai (two kinds of regular scrip) and strong characteristics,it can be regarded as an original style in the history of calligraphy.

3. 现在，中国书法的艺术价值越来越超出汉字的使用范围而被世界所认识。简练的线条，丰富的结构，优美的造型，复杂的意境情趣。这种特殊的艺术表现手段，引起了世界的重视。

Now, the artistic merit of Chinese calligraphy far exceeds the use of Chinese characters and is recognized by world. Concise lines,abounding structures,beautiful shapes,complex interests and charms. This special ways of artistic expression has aroused the world’s attention.--Zhu Xu (talk) 04:22, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

At present, the artistic value of Chinese calligraphy has been recognized by the world as the value is more than the use of Chinese characters. These special ways of art expression – concise lines, rich structures, graceful shapes and complicated moods and inclinations – have drawn the world’s attention. --Zhao Xi (talk) 08:25, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

Zou Xinyu 邹鑫雨

--Phyo Su Kyi 1 (talk) 04:07, 3 October 2020 (UTC)==Phyo Su Kyi==

1-尚可发现的最早的中国文字证据是商代晚期（约1250-1050 BC）刻在青铜器皿和甲骨上的铭文。这些最早的可以追溯到公元前1200年左右。 The earliest confirmed evidence of the Chinese script yet discovered is the body of inscriptions carved on bronze vessels and oracle bones from the late Shang dynasty (c. 1250–1050 BC). The earliest of these is dated to around 1200 BC.

2-保持较高的画笔会产生较弱，较柔和的笔触，而靠近画笔的位置则会产生较硬，更清晰的笔触。用无名指，中指和拇指握住画笔。肘部保持在桌子上方。 Holding the brush higher creates weaker, softer strokes while holding closer to the bristles create solid, more defined strokes. Use your ring finger, middle finger and thumb to hold the brush. Keep your elbow above the table.

3- 中国古代文字是从商代（公元前1600年至1046年）的占卜实践演变而来的。一些理论认为，在班坡村发现的陶片上的图像和标记是早期书写系统的证据，但这一主张屡屡受到质疑。

Ancient Chinese writing evolved from the practice of divination during the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BCE). Some theories suggest that images and markings on pottery shards found at Ban Po Village are evidence of an early writing system but this claim has been challenged repeatedly.Apr 7, 2016

Sagara Seydou

we--Sagara Seydou 3 (talk) 03:23, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

Translation--Sagara Seydou 3 (talk) 03:26, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

RAJABOV ANUSHERVON

你们--RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10 (talk) 07:04, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

GUIROU BARTHELEMY

Translation --GUIROU BARTHELEMY (talk) 03:53, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Zubareva Ekaterina

Translation: 1.长江是一个国家中最长的河流，也是世界上第三长的河流：6,300公里（3,915英里）。河流是世界上主要河流中最高的。

The Yangtze River is the longest river in a country and the third longest river in the world: 6,300 kilometers (3,915 miles). The river is the highest among the major rivers in the world.

2.关于华人过端午节的起源，较为普遍的说法是纪念屈原或伍子胥，但不少习俗在屈原之前已经存在。

Regarding the origin of the Chinese Dragon Boat Festival, the more common saying is to commemorate Qu Yuan or Wu Zixu, but many customs existed before Qu Yuan.

3.剪纸是中国手工艺品非常独特的视觉艺术。 它起源于公元六世纪，当时妇女通常在寺庙的头发上粘贴金色和银色箔屑，而男人则在神圣的仪式中使用它们。 Paper-cut is a very unique visual art of Chinese handicrafts. It originated from the 6th century when women used to paste golden and silver foil cuttings onto their hair at the temples, and men used them in sacred rituals.

Gennadii Dashkin

Translation: --Gennadii Dashkin (talk) 11:23, 4 October 2020 (UTC) 1)    中国有世界上最早的日珥记录。公元前14 世纪，殷朝甲骨文中，已有日食和月食的常规纪录，以及世界上最早的日珥记录。 China has the earliest record of a solar prominence in the world. Carried in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin Dynasty (in the 14th century B. C. ) were the routine records of the solar eclipse and the lunar eclipse, and the earliest record of a solar prominence in the world.--Gennadii Dashkin (talk) 11:30, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

2)    中国书法有非常好的生活基础，很多完美的书法作品是以书信、诗词手稿、碑文、墓志铭、牌匾、屏风、室内装饰品等形式存在的，这些作品大多具有文字内容和书法的艺术美相得益彰的特点。中国书法与中国绘画、篆刻、舞蹈、音乐等艺术形式相互影响。Chinese calligraphy has a very good foundation for life. Many perfect calligraphy works exist in the form of letters, poems, manuscripts, inscriptions, epitaphs, plaques, screens, interior decorations, etc. Most of these works have written content and the artistic beauty of calligraphy complements each other. specialty. Chinese calligraphy and Chinese painting, seal cutting, dance, music and other art forms influence each other.--Gennadii Dashkin (talk) 11:30, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

3)    石鼓文处于承前启后的时期，承秦国书风，为小篆先声。石鼓文刻于十座花岗岩石上，因石墩形似鼓，故称为“石鼓”。石鼓文与金文有较大差别，具有明显的动感，是中国现存最早的刻石文字。Shigu wen was in the period of inheriting the past and enlightening the future, inheriting the style of the Qin Dynasty and was the first sign of Xiaozhuan. Shigu wen inscriptions are carved on ten granite stones. The stone piers are called «drum-shaped stone blocks" because they resemble drums. There is a big difference between Shigu wen inscriptions and Jin Wen inscriptions with obvious dynamics, and is the earliest extant stone inscription in China.--Gennadii Dashkin (talk) 11:30, 4 October 2020 (UTC)