20201215 cultexam

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Final Exam Paper. Please write now and improve until grading on 2020 12 15

Tan Yuanyuan 谭媛媛

颜真卿，唐代杰出的书法家。颜真卿对后世书法艺术的发展产生了深远影响，唐以后很多名家，都从颜真卿变法成功中汲取经验。

Yan Zhenqing, an outstanding calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. Yan had a profound impact on the development of calligraphy art in later generations. After the Tang Dynasty, many famous artists learned from Yan Zhenqing's successful reforms on the style of regular script.

汉字，首先是一种文化，对于一个民族来说，文字更是一种凝聚力。因为每一个汉字都积淀着中华民族几千年的睿智与精髓，更凝聚着一种民族精神。

Chinese characters are, above all, a kind of culture. And for a nation, characters shows a kind of cohesion. Because every Chinese character is the accumulation of the wisdom and essence of the Chinese nation for thousands of years, and it also embodies a national spirit.

书法，是国粹，书法在汉字形成至今，见证了中国人文历史的变迁，那些过往的伟大书法家比如王羲之、褚遂良、颜真卿等都是我们学习的楷模。

Calligraphy is the quintessence of the country and it has witnessed the changes in Chinese culture and history since the formation of the Chinese characters. The great calligraphers in the past, such as Wang Xizhi in Jin Dynasty, Chu Suiliang and Yan Zhenqing in Tang Dynasty, are all models of our learning.--Tan Yuanyuan (talk) 22:37, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Xiao Ting 肖婷

1.至清末民初（20世纪初期），湘绣的发展达到鼎盛时期，甚至超越了苏绣，在中国刺绣业中独占鳌头。新中国成立后，湘绣工作者在继承传统的基础上致力创新，使湘绣工艺提高到一个崭新的水平。 By the late Qing Dynasty (early 20th century), Hunan embroidery reached its heyday and even surpassed Su embroidery, becoming the leading embroidery art form in China.After the founding of the People's Republic of China, on the basis of tradition Hunan embroidery workers was dedicated to innovation and raised the embroidery craft to a brand new level.

2.景泰蓝，亦称“铜胎掐丝珐琅”，它是一种特种工艺品，是用细扁铜丝做线条，在铜制的胎上捏出各种图案花纹，再将五彩珐琅点填在花纹内，经烧制、磨平镀金而成。外观晶莹润泽，鲜艳夺目。 Blue of Jingtai,also known as Cloisonne,is a special technology. Dedicate copper strips being bent into various patterns and designs on the copper-hammered base , and then colorful enamel points filling in the pattern,it was made through firing,polishing and gliding,whose appearance is crystal,glossy and resplendent.

3.中国古代漆器的工艺，早在新石器时代就已经出现，夏代的木胎漆器不仅用于日常生活，也用于祭祀，并常用朱、黑二色来髹涂。 As early as the Neolithic period, there was craft of lacquerware of ancient China. The wooden lacquerware of the Xia dynasty was not only used in daily life, but also in rituals, commonly painted in vermilion and black.

4.历史悠久、技艺精湛的各种雕塑工艺，如牙雕、玉雕、木雕、石雕、泥雕、面塑、竹刻、骨刻、刻砚等，是中国工艺美术中一项珍贵的艺术遗产。牙雕、玉雕等工艺由于材料昂贵，做工又十分的精细，所以逐渐从实用品转变为欣赏品，因此被人们称为“特种工艺” The various sculpture techniques with long histories and exqusite skills, such as tooth carving, jade carving, wood carving, stone carving, clay carving, face sculpture, bamboo carving, bone carving, carved ink stone, etc. is a precious artistic heritage of Chinese arts and crafts.Tooth carving, jade carving and other crafts are gradually becoming artistic objects rather than utilities due to expensive raw materials and exquisite workmanship.--Xiao Ting (talk) 08:36, 10 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

Yang Hui 阳慧

中国古代文化，其实就是汉字的发展史，就是汉字的发展、繁荣和应用的过程，我们应该认识到，汉 字文化是中国古代文化流传下来的不可多得的一份遗产。

Ancient Chinese culture is actually the development history of Chinese characters and the development, prosperity and application process of Chinese characters. We should realize that Chinese character culture is a rare heritage handed down from ancient Chinese culture.

书法是汉民族特有的文字书写艺术，虽然书法艺术的自觉化至东汉末才发生，但书法艺术当于汉字的.萌生同时。

Calligraphy is the unique writing art of the Han nationality, although the self-consciousness of the calligraphy art did not take place until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, but the calligraphy art when the emergence of Chinese characters at the same time.

目前发现的于原始汉字有关的资料,为学术界公认的中国最早的古汉字资料，是商的甲骨文和金文。

At present, the information about the original Chinese characters is the earliest ancient Chinese characters in China, which is recognized by the academic circles.--YangHui (talk) 02:10, 4 October 2020 (UTC)