20201102 cult

Cao Runxin 曹润鑫

1.中国建筑艺术是中国人的伦理观、审美观、价值观和自然观的深刻体现。

Chinese architectural art is a profound manifestation of Chinese ethics, aesthetics, values and natural views. Chinese architectural art profoundly manifests Chinese people's ethics, aesthetics, values and natural views.--Si Yu (talk) 14:56, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林中的“景”不是纯天然的模仿，而是赋予诗情画意，即将自然山水景物经过艺术提炼加工再现于园林之中。

The "scenery" in the garden is not a purely natural imitation, but is endowed with a poetic meaning, that is, the natural landscape is reproduced in the garden through artistic refinement. The "scenery" in the garden is not a imitation of pure nature, but it is endowed with a poetic meaning, that is, the natural landscape is reproduced in the garden through artistic refinement.--Si Yu (talk) 14:56, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园的整个园林艺术构思巧妙，在中外园林艺术史上地位显著，是举世罕见的园林景观。

The garden art of the Summer Palace is ingeniously conceived and has a predominant position in the history of garden art at home and abroad. It is a rare garden landscape in the world.--Cao Runxin (talk) 08:11, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Chen Han 陈涵

1. 中国建筑很早就采用在木材上涂漆和桐油的办法，以保护木质和加固用榫卯结合的关接，同时增加美观，达到实用、坚固与美观相结合。

To protect wood and reinforce mortice and tenon joint, paint and tung oil were used quite early in Chinese architecture, which shows its practicality, sturdiness and attractiveness.--Chen Han (talk) 14:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 拙政园、留园、网师园、环秀山庄这四座园林占地面积不广，但巧妙地运用了种种造园艺术技巧和手法，将亭台楼阁、泉石花木组合在一起，模拟自然风光，创造了“城市山林”、“居闹市而近自然”的理想空间。

The Humble Administrator’s Garden, The Garden for Lingering In, The Master-of-Nets Garden and The Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty do not cover a large area, but artistic techniques and methods of gardening are used to simulate natural scenery by integrating pavilions with spring, stones, flowers and trees, creating an ideal space of “forest in city” and “being close to nature in the busy city”.--Chen Han (talk) 14:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 园内的主体建筑为大报恩延寿寺，并有一条长达700多米的长廊，其建筑与装饰绘画都相当精彩，具有艺术价值。

The main building in the garden is the Tempe of Gratitude for Longevity, and there is the Long Corridor more than 700 meters. The architecture and decorative paintings in it are quite elegant with much artistic value.--Chen Han (talk) 14:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 慈禧并不了解油画，绘制宫廷画像又有无数陈规，这给卡尔造成了许多困扰，她既不能选择背景，也不能自由安排构图。

Cixi did not know oil painting and the royal portrait was subject to numerous stereotypes，thus posing Carl a lot of difficulties. She could neither choose the background nor arrange the composition freely. --Chen Han (talk) 14:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Ding Daifeng 丁代凤

1. 因为建筑源于人类的需求和愿望，所以它可以清楚地传达文化价值。在所有的视觉艺术中，建筑最直接地影响了我们的生活，因为它在很多方面决定了我们生存的环境特征。

Because architecture grows out of human needs and aspirations, it clearly communicate cultural values. Of all the visual arts, architecture affects our lives most directly for it determines the character of the human environment in major ways.--Ding Daifeng (talk) 05:02, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Because architecture derives from human needs and desires, it clearly conveys cultural values.Of all visual arts, architecture affects our lives most directly because it determines in many ways the environmental characteristics of our existence. --YangHui (talk) 12:29, 7 November 2020 (UTC) 2. 石头和假山是中国南方园林的特色。奇形怪状的石头常带有引人注目的波纹线条和水孔。硕大的石头可自成一景，而较小的石块则堆积成假山，为园林增添无比魅力。

Rocks and rockeries are special features of southern Chinese gardens. Stones of grotesque forms are often attractive with undulated lines and water holes. Some large stones form scenery of their own, while smaller ones are put together to form artificial hills to add to the fantastic attractiveness of the garden.--Ding Daifeng (talk) 05:02, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中华人民共和国成立后，几经修缮，颐和园陆续复建了四大部洲、苏州街、景明楼、澹宁堂、文昌院、耕织图等重要景区。

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Summer Palace has undergone several major renovations. Its major attractions such as the Four Great Regions, Suzhou Street, the Pavilion of Bright Scenery, the Hall of Serenity, the Wenchang Galleries and the Plowing and Weaving Scenery Area have been successively restored.--Ding Daifeng (talk) 05:02, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Gan Fengyu 甘奉玉

1:修建在崇山峻岭之上、蜿蜒万里的长城，是人类建筑史上的奇迹。 Built on the high mounytains and winding thousands of miles, the Great Wall is a miracle in the history of architecture,--Gan Fengyu (talk) 13:56, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Great Wall, built on the steep mountains and winding for miles and miles, is a miracle in the history of human architecture.--Liu Yi (talk) 00:14, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The Great Wall,built on the lofty mountains and winding thousands of miles, is a miracle in the history of architecture.--Mo Ling (talk) 14:48, 5 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

2：在古典园林中，中国园林有皇家园林、私家园林、寺观园林、风景园林；西方古典园林有规则式园林与自然风致园。 Thg Chinese classical garden is classified into loyal garden, private garden,temple garden and landscape garden, while the western garden into regular style and natural style one.--Gan Fengyu (talk) 13:56, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

In classical gardens, Chinese gardens include royal gardens, private gardens, monastery gardens, and landscape gardens; Western classical gardens include regular gardens and naturalistic gardens.--Liu Yi (talk) 00:14, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3：颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。

Besides the Forbbiden City, the Summer Palace was also the most important political and diplomatic activity center for the supreme ruler of the late Qing dynasty,as well as a significant witness of modern Chinese history and the site of important historical events.--Gan Fengyu (talk) 13:56, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace was the most important center of political and diplomatic activities of the late Qing rulers outside the Forbidden City, and is an important witness to China's modern history and the site of many important historical events.--Liu Yi (talk) 00:14, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace was the most important center of political and diplomatic activities outside the Forbidden City by the supreme ruler of the late Qing Dynasty. It was an important witness of modern Chinese history and the place where many major historical events occurred--WuQiong (talk) 03:03, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Gao Mingzhu 高明珠

1、从庄严雄伟的宫殿坛庙到粉墙黛瓦的江南园林，从多姿多彩的民居村落到雪域高原的辉煌寺庙，这些传统建筑以其悠久的历史传承高超的营建技术和独特的艺术魅力，在世界建筑史上独树一帜、自成体系。

From majestic palaces and temples to gardens of southern China with white wall and black tiles, from colorful villages to glorious monasteries locating at snowy plateau, such traditional Chinese buildings inherit through their long histories superb construction techniques and unique artistic charm, which makes them develop a unique school in world architectural history. --Gao Mingzhu (talk) 14:08, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

From majestic palaces and temples to gardens of southern China with white wall and black tiles, from colorful villages to glorious pagodas on the snowy plateau, these traditional Chinese buildings, with their long history, superb construction techniques and unique artistic charm, have emerged unique and self-contained in world architecture.--Tang Yiran1 (talk) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2、师法自然，融于自然，顺应自然，表现自然——这是中国古代园林体现“天人合一”民族文化所在，是独立于世界之林的最大特色，也是永具艺术生命力的根本原因。

Learning from nature, being harmony with nature, conforming to nature and representing nature are the embodiment of national culture of "Unity of Men and Nature" in Chinese ancient garden which is the greatest characteristic for Chinese ancient garden to be independent of world garden and also the root reason for its eternal artistic vitality.--Gao Mingzhu (talk) 14:08, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

Learning from nature, being in harmony with nature, following the law of nature and illustrating nature—this is where the ancient Chinese garden embodies the national culture of "Unity of Men and Nature", the most distinctive characteristic among other counterparts in the world and also the root for its eternal artistic vitality.--Tang Yiran1 (talk) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3、颐和园是世界上最广阔的皇家园林之一，也是中国最后一座皇家园林，园区主要由万寿山、昆明湖两大风景区组成。

The Summer Palace is one of the largest royal gardens in the world and also the last royal garden in China's history. It is mainly composed of two major scenic spots——Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake.--Gao Mingzhu (talk) 14:08, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

The Summer Palace is one of the largest royal gardens in the world and also the last one in China's history. It is mainly composed of two major scenic spots——Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake.--Tang Yiran1 (talk) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

4、1905年，慈禧为改善其国际形象，授意美国艺术家凯瑟琳·卡尔为她创作肖像，并将此画赠予美国总统西奥多·罗斯福，以表示她对美国人民的友好。

In 1905, Cixi, in order to improve her international image, inspired an American artist Catherine Carl to paint her portrait and then send it to American president Theodore Rovers to show her goodwill to American people.--Gao Mingzhu (talk) 14:08, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

In 1905, Cixi, in order to improve her international image, commissioned the American artist Catherine Carl to paint her portrait and presented it to the U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt to show her goodwill to the American people.--Tang Yiran1 (talk) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Grosheva, Anna

1. Some Chinese buildings feature balconies covered with elaborate iron and woodwork. 一些中国建筑的阳台上覆盖着精致的铁和木制品。--ANNA GROSHEVA (talk) 13:57, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2. In the garden, rocks, ancient trees and flowers present a harmonious picture. 在花园中，岩石，古树和鲜花呈现出和谐的画面。--ANNA GROSHEVA (talk) 13:57, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3. The Summer Palace blends rocks, trees, lakes, pavilions, paths, and bridges creating a poetic imperial garden. 颐和园融合了岩石，树木，湖泊，凉亭，小路和桥梁，形成了诗意的皇家花园。--ANNA GROSHEVA (talk) 13:57, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Guan Qinqing 管钦清

1.1949年中华人民共和国建立后，中国建筑进入新的历史时期，大规模、有计划的国民经济建设，推动了建筑业的蓬勃发展。中国现代建筑在数量、规模、类型、地区分布及现代化水平上都突破近代的局限，展现出崭新的姿态。

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,Chinese architecture came into a new era. National economy with planned strategy and a large scale has promoted the development of architecture. Now, whether in quantity, scale, form, regional distribution or in level of modernization ,modern Chinese architecture has broken through those of the limitations in modern times, taking on a new look.

2.中国的园林建筑在世界园林史上享有盛名。在3000多年前的周朝，中国就有了最早的宫廷园林。此后，中国的都城和地方著名城市无不建造园林,在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。

Chinese garden architecture enjoys a high reputation in the history of Landscape Architecture of the world. Early over 3,000 years ago in the Zhou Dynasty,there were imperial gardens in China.From then on,gardens existed in the capital cities and in the regional famous ones. Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.

3.颐和园位于北京市西北部的海淀区，距北京市中心15公里。它是中国最大、保存最完好的皇家园林。颐和园有著名的自然风景和人文景观 ,因此它也一直被公认为是“皇家园林博物馆”。顾和园始建于1750年，作为一座豪华的皇家花园供皇室成员休息和娱乐。清朝末期，颐 和园成为了皇家成员的主要居住地。它位列世界遗产目录，也是中国第一批国家5A级旅游景区之一。

The Summer Palace is situated in the Haidian District,northwest of Beijing City,15 kilometers from central Beijing.It is the largest and most well-preserved royal park in China.It also has long been recognizcd as “the Museum of Royal Gardens”with famous natural view and cultural landscape.The construction started in 1750 as a luxurious royal garden for royal families to rest and entertain.It became the main residence of royal members in the end of the Qing Dynasty.It not only ranks amongst the World Heritage Sites but also is one of the first national AAAAA tourist spots in China.--Guan Qinqing (talk) 05:21, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Guirou, Barthelemy

1.壁画艺术是悠久的中华文明史上的花开奇观之一。 自1960年代以来，它被普遍认为是秦始皇的“司马油画”，是陕西咸阳市尧典村发掘的，是古代考古中壁画的开端。

Murals art is one of the florid wonders in the long history of Chinese civilisation. Since the 1960s, it had been generally considered the "Sima Painting" of the Qin Dynasty that was unearthed from Yaodian village of Xianyang city in Shaanxi province as the beginning of the ancient mural in archeology.

2.中国古典园林的设计试图以微缩的方式再现自然景观，在历史名城苏州的四个园林中，都没有比这更好的例证。

Classical Chinese garden design, which seeks to recreate natural landscapes in miniature, is nowhere better illustrated than in the four gardens in the historic city of Suzhou.

3.颐和园是中国最大和最好的皇家花园之一。

The summer Palace is one of the largest and finest imperial garden in China.

4.凯瑟琳·奥古斯塔·卡尔（Katherine Augusta Carl）是一位美国作家和画家，他在中国寄出了9个月的时间，为慈禧太后画肖像。

Katherine Augusta Carl was an American author and painter who sent nine months in China painting portrait of the Empress Dowager Cixi.

Hu Baihui 胡百辉

1.园林建筑既要满足各种园林活动和使用上的要求，又是园林景物之一；既是物质产品，也是艺术作品。但园林建筑给人精神上的感受更多。因此，艺术性要求更高，除要求具有观赏价值外，还要求富有诗情画意。 Garden architecture should not only meet the requirements of various garden activities and use, but also be one of the landscape objects; it is not only a material product, but also an artistic work. But landscape architecture gives people more spiritual feelings. Therefore, the requirement of artistry is higher, which requires not only ornamental value, but also poetic and picturesque. 2.中国传统建筑以木结构建筑为主，西方的传统建筑以砖石结构为主。现代的建筑则是以钢筋混凝土为主。 Chinese traditional architecture is mainly wood structure, while western brick structure. Modern architecture is mainly reinforced concrete. 3.颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。 The summer palace is the most important political and diplomatic center for the supreme ruler of the late Qing Dynasty outside the Forbidden City. It is an important witness of modern Chinese history and the place where many important historical events took place.

Hu Jin 胡瑾

1. 中国古代建筑历史悠久，可以追溯到商朝(公元前16世纪-公元前771年)。它有自己的结构和布局原则。经过长期的发展，聪明的中国劳动人民创造了许多建筑奇迹。

1. Ancient Chinese architecture has a long history which can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty(16th century BC-771BC). It has its own principles of structure and layout. Through the long development, many architectural wonders have created by clever Chinese labouring people.

2. 中国的私家园林是中国园林文化的杰作，它的贡献甚至超过皇家园林--它们都受中国传统哲学文化思想的影响并将人、自然个建筑结合在一起。

2. China's private garden is a masterpiece of Chinese garden culture, the contribution of its even more than the royal garden- they are all influenced by Chinese traditional philosophical culture ideas and combine people, nature and architecture.

2.The private gardens in China are masterpieces of Chinese garden culture, and their contribution is even more than that of royal gardens. They are influenced by Chinese traditional philosophy and culture and combine human and natural buildings together.

3. 颐和园的英文名称"Summer Palace", 意思是这里是皇帝在夏大的居住之地—一个离城不远、位与乡村的、供帝王后妃们逍遥游乐的紫禁城。

3. As its name implies，the Summer Palace was used as a summer residence by China's imperial rulers--as a retreat from the main imperial palace now known as the Palace Museum or Forbidden City-a pleasureground in the countryside，yet near to the city.--Hu Jin (talk) 03:11, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Jiang Fengyi 蒋凤仪

南朝建筑遗物无存，也不如北朝建筑能从敦煌壁画及佛教石窟得知其形像，只能从少量墓葬壁画及经百济传於日本的飞鸟样间接推断其形像。

Unlike architectures in the North Dynasty, whose image could be found in the Dunhuang murals and some Buddhist caves, there are no surviving relics of architectures in the South Dynasty and can only be infeered form a small number of tomb paintings and bird-like figures transmitted to Japan via Baekje.

北方园林模仿江南，早在明代中叶已见端倪。北京西北郊海淀镇一带，北京皇家园林，湖泊罗布，泉眼特多，官僚贵戚们纷纷在这里买地造园，其中不少即有意识的模仿江南水乡的园林风貌。

The northern gardening began to imitate the style of gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, especially the imperial gardens in northwest suburb of Haidian Town, where lies numerous lakes and springs, and a handful of bureaucrats and aristocrats have bought land here to build gardens, many of whose style are of the style in the south of the Yangtze River.

1949年中华人民共和国成立以后，对故宫建筑进行了大规模的修缮，同时整理出大量的文物。1961年国务院颁布故宫为全国重点文物保护单位。

The Forbidden City has undergone a large scale of restoration while sorted out a number of relics after the foundation of the Republic of China. In 1961, the State Council has designated the Forbidden City as the protection cultural relics at the national level.

慈禧一生中领导过两次改革，第一次是洋务运动，第二次是清末新政，前者是物质层面上的变革，后者是体制层面上的变革。

Cixi has led two reform in total in her life, the first one was the Westernization Movement and the second the new Policy Reform in the Late Qing Dynasty, and the former one is a material one, the later institutional one.--Jiang Fengyi (talk) 09:48, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Kang Haoyu 康浩宇

1.滕王阁主体建筑净高57.5米，建筑面积13000平方米。其下部为象征古城墙的12米高台座，分为两级。台座以上的主阁取“明三暗七”格式，即从外面看是三层带回廊建筑，而内部却有七层，就是三个明层，三个暗层，加屋顶中的设备层。

The main building of Tengwang Pavilion has a net height of 57.5 meters and covers an area of 13,000 square meters. The lower part is a 12-meters-high pedestal which symbolizes the ancient city wall, and it is divided into two levels. The main pavilion above the pedestal adopts the format of "Seeming three but actually seven", that is, from the outside, it seems like a three-story building with cloisters, while the interior has seven floors, three outer floors and three inner floors, plus the equipment floor in the roof.--Kang Haoyu (talk) 13:26, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2.东园是利用蒋桃园废墟，古城墙遗址和内城河，通过人工改造而成。原内城河挖成辽阔的水面，在绵延的古城遗址上广植花木，构成了以山水为主景观的新型现代园林。

The East Garden was artificially reconstructed from the ruins of Jiangtaoyuan, the ruins of the ancient city wall and the inner artificial city river. The original inner city river was dug into a vast water surface, and flowers and trees were widely planted on the ancient city ruins, forming a new modern garden with mountains and waters as the main landscape. --Kang Haoyu (talk) 13:26, 6 November 2020 (UTC) 3.苏州街又称“买卖街”，是后湖两岸仿江南水镇而建。清漪园时期岸上有各式店铺，如玉器古玩店、绸缎店、点心铺、茶楼、金银首饰楼等。店铺中的店员都是太监、宫女妆扮。

Suzhou Street, also known as "Trading Street", was built on both sides of Back Lake in imitation of Jiangnan Water Town. During Qingyi Garden period, there were various shops on the shore, such as jade antique shop, silk shop, snack shop, tea house, gold and silver jewelry shop, etc. Shop assistants are all eunuchs and maids who dressed up.--Kang Haoyu (talk) 13:26, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Lei Fangyuan 雷方圆

1.故宫外朝，建筑气势雄伟、豪华壮丽，是中国古代建筑艺术的精华。

The Palace Museum faces outwards, its buildings are majestic, luxurious and magnificent, which is the essence of ancient Chinese architectural art.

The Imperial Palace, solemn and magnificent, facing towards the outside, is famed as the quintessence of ancient Chinese architecture art.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 02:29, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Imperial Palace facing outwards are majestic, luxurious and magnificent, which is the essence of ancient Chinese architectural art.--WuQiong (talk) 03:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林建筑是园林景观中必不可少的要素,满足不同群体休憩、游览、集会等功能需求。古典园林建筑有成熟的营造理论和审美情趣,承载着多彩的民族文化和精神内涵。

Garden architecture is an indispensable element in the garden landscape, meeting the functional needs of different groups such as rest, tour, and assembly. Classical garden architecture has mature construction theory and aesthetic taste, and carries colorful national culture and spiritual connotation.

Garden architecture, as an indispensable of garden landscapes, meets the functional needs of different groups including rest, sightseeing, and gathering and so on. Classical garden architecture, with mature construction theory and aesthetic taste, carries abundant national cultures and spiritual connotations.--Zhang Yu (talk) 09:25, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Garden architecture is an essential element in landscape, to meet the needs of different groups of rest, tour, assembly and other functions. Classical garden architecture has a mature construction theory and aesthetic taste, bearing a colorful national culture and spiritual connotation. --Zhao Xi (talk) 04:52, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园，中国清朝时期皇家园林，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊，距城区15公里，占地约290公顷（2.9平方千米），与圆明园毗邻。

The Summer Palace, an imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty in China, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the city, covering an area of about 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers), adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--Lei Fangyuan (talk) 14:53, 4 November 2020 (UTC)--Lei Fangyuan (talk) 14:53, 4 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace, an imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty in China, originally named Qingyi Yuan, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing. Covering about 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers), it's 15 kilometers away from the city, adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--Ding Daifeng (talk) 05:39, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Li Lili 李丽丽

1．建筑不仅仅是技术科学，而且是一种艺术。中国古代建筑经过长时期的努力，同时吸收了中国其他传统艺术，特别是绘画、雕刻、工艺美术等造型艺术的特点，创造了丰富多彩的艺术形象。

Architecture is not only a technical science, but also an art. After a long period of hard work, Chinese ancient architecture has absorbed the characteristics of other traditional Chinese arts, especially the plastic arts such as painting, sculpture and arts and crafts, creating rich and colorful artistic images.--Li LIli (talk) 11:10, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

2. 我国地域广大，东西南北的气候地理条件及物产各不相同，因而园林也常常表现出较明显的地方特性。 China has a vast territory, and its climate, geographical conditions and products are different from each other in the East, West, North and south. So its gardens show obvious local features.--Li LIli (talk) 11:10, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

3.颐和园，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊, 占地约290公顷（2.9平方千米）。 The summer palace, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is located in the western suburb of Beijing， covering an area of 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers).--Li LIli (talk) 11:10, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

Li Liqin 李丽琴

1. 我国由于经历了漫长的封建社会，历代帝王为了满足其骄奢淫逸的生活和维护其统治的威严，往往大兴土木，营建各种宫室殿堂。中国古代建筑经过长期发展，吸收了中国其他传统艺术，特别是绘画、雕刻、工艺等造型艺术的特点。

Due to the long fedual society, emperors in ancient China used to build palaces to maintainn the majesty of their rule and to satidfy their luxurious life. After a long history of development, ancient Chinese architecture has absorbed the characteristics of other traditional arts, including painting, carving and crafts and other plastic arts. --Li Liqin (talk) 09:53, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国现存的著名古典园林数量不少，且中国古典园林的精华则集中在江南地区。园林都是为满足封建统治阶级的享乐生活而建，因此在园林布置的艺术手法上有许多共同之处。中国古典园林的园景上主要是模仿自然，即用人工的力量来建造自然的景色。

China is home to many famous classical gardens, of which the Southern Gardens are essence. Gardens are built to satisfy the luxurious needs of fedual ruling class, resulting in similarities in the artistic techniques of garden layout. In addition, in terms of garden landscape, gardens are built to imitate nature scenery by artificial power. --Li Liqin (talk) 09:53, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 颐和园是我国保存完好的古典皇家园林，是世界闻名的建筑。颐，意思是颐养天年；和指心平气和。颐和园意为退休老人养老的地方。晚年的慈禧不再干预朝政，为安享晚年才修建了颐和园。

The Summer Palace is a well-preserved and famous classical imperial garden in China. The Chinese character "颐" means living a peaceful life in old age; "和" refers to peace in mind; based on it, the Summer Palace is designated for retired people to enjoy their lives. The Empress Dowager Cixi stopped interfering in government affairs in her later years and build the Palace to enjoy life.--Li Liqin (talk) 09:53, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 后人对慈禧的评价极具争议。在她统治的47年间，中国蒙受了无穷尽的屈辱和苦难，但她也有一些贡献。为挽救清王朝的统治，慈禧发动了清末新政，废除了科举制度。

Cixi is a controversial historical figure. During her 47 years in power, China suffered endless humiliations, but it can't be denied that she also has something to offer. For example, in order to maintain the majesty of the Qing Dynasty, she initiated the New Deal and abolished the imperial examination system.--Li Liqin (talk) 09:53, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Liu Liu 刘柳

1.中国传统建筑不仅重自然的山林风水，也重人工的山林风水，让人工的与自然的协调，院内的与院外的衔接，造成“天上人间”之境，使人产生“此中有真意，欲辨已忘言”的心旷神怡之感。

Chinese traditional architecture emphasizes not only natural landscape but also artificial landscape,so that the harmony between the artificiality and nature,coupled with the connection inside and outside the courtyard,jointly create a cumstance of “paradise on the earth”,which makes a relaxed and happy feeling of “There is the essence of life here,but it is beyond my words.”

2.苏州古典园林所蕴涵的中华哲学、历史、人文习俗是江南人文历史传统、地方风俗的一种象征和浓缩，展现了中国文化的精华，在世界造园史上具有独特的历史地位和重大的艺术价值。

The Chinese philosophy,history and cultural customs contained in the classical gardens of Suzhou are a symbol and concentration of cultural and historical tradition and local customs in Jiangnan,which has a unique historical position and great artistic value in the history of world’s gardening.

3.颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。

The Summer Palace is the most important political and diplomatic activity center of the supreme ruler of the late Qing dynasty outside the Forbidden City.It has witnessed many significant historical events and the development of modern Chinese history.

4.慈禧太后是中国历史的帝制时代中少数长期当政的女性，其政治手腕堪称干练，尤其擅长操弄亲贵朝臣之间的权力平衡以维系自身的绝对权威。清朝因为她的能力而续命数十年。

Empress Dowager Cixi is one of the few women who have been in power for a long time in the imperial age of Chinese history.She is experienced in political activities and particularly skillful in balancing the power of the courtiers so as to maintain her absolute authorrity.The Qing dynasty has continued its reign for decades because of her ability.--Liu Liu (talk) 15:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Liu Ou 刘欧

1.大雁塔建于唐长安城晋昌坊(今陕西省西安市南)的大慈恩寺内，又名“慈恩寺塔”，今存。塔高64米，塔身枋、斗拱、栏额均为青砖仿木结构。玄奘法师为供奉从印度带回的佛像、舍利和梵文经典而建造的一座五层砖塔。

The Great Wild Goose Pagoda was built in the Great Ci'en Temple in Jinchangfang (now south of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) in Chang'an City of the Tang Dynasty. The tower is 64 meters high.Its tower body, dougong, and fence are all blue brick and wood-like structures. Master Xuanzang built the five-story brick tower to enshrine Buddha statues, relics and Sanskrit scriptures brought back from India.--Liu Ou (talk) 06:27, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.江南园林是中国古典园林的杰出代表，它特色鲜明地折射出中国人的自然观和人生观。

Gardens south of the Yangtze River are outstanding representatives of Chinese classical gardens, and their distinctive features reflect the Chinese people's outlook on nature and life.--Liu Ou (talk) 06:27, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Gardens on the Yangtze Delta are outstanding representatives of Chinese classical gardens, and their distinctive features reflect the Chinese people's outlook on nature and life. --Chen Han (talk) 14:17, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。

On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. It was also named as China’s Four Famous Gardens along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator’s Garden, and Lingering Garden.It was list in "World Heritage List" in November 1998.--Liu Ou (talk) 06:27, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Liu Yi 刘艺

1、庭院是建筑的基本单位，它既是封闭的，又是开放的；既是人工的，又是自然的，可以俯植花草树木，仰观风云日月，成为古人“天人合一”观念的又一表现，也体现了中国人既含蓄内向，又开拓进取的民族性格。

The courtyard is the basic unit of architecture, it is both closed and open; both artificial and natural, can overlooking flowers and trees, look up to the wind, clouds, sun and moon, has become the ancients "unity of nature and man" concept is another performance, but also reflects the Chinese are both subtle and introverted, and pioneering national character.--Liu Yi (talk) 00:10, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Courtyard is the basic unit of architecture, which is both closed and open, both artificial and natural. Standing on it, people can overlook flowers and trees and look up to the wind, clouds, sun and moon, which is another manifestation of the ancient people's concept of "harmony between man and nature". It also reflects the national character of Chinese people, which is both introverted and enterprising.--Ding Daifeng (talk) 05:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2、其次，要考虑到植物的色彩和组合的形式美。花园中常利用花坛、花台、花缘和花丛以集中表现观赏植物的丰富多彩，以及植株姿态和叶形的对比调和。要重视草坪和地被植物的种植，避免露土。

Secondly, it is important to consider the beauty of the color and form of the plant combinations. Flower beds, pedestals, rims and clusters are often used in gardens to focus on the variety of ornamental plants, as well as the contrast and harmony of plant postures and leaf shapes. Emphasis should be placed on planting lawns and groundcovers and avoiding open soil.--Liu Yi (talk) 00:10, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Secondly, we should consider the color of plants and the formal beauty of plant combinations. In gardens, flower beds, pedestals, rims and clusters are often used to show the richness of ornamental plants, as well as the contrast and harmony of plant postures and leaf shapes. Attention should be paid to the planting of lawns and ground cover plants so as to avoid soil exposure.--Ding Daifeng (talk) 05:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3、颐和园鼎盛时期，规模宏大，占地面积2.97平方公里（293公顷），主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成，其中水面占四分之三（大约220公顷）。园内建筑以佛香阁为中心，园中有景点建筑物百余座、大小院落20余处。

In Summer Palace's heyday, the Summer Palace was on a grand scale, covering an area of 2.97 square kilometers (293 hectares), consisting mainly of two parts, Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake, of which three-fourths (about 220 hectares) is water. The architecture of the garden is centered on the Buddha Fragrance Pavilion, and there are more than a hundred attractions and buildings, and more than 20 large and small courtyards in the garden.--Liu Yi (talk) 00:10, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Mo Ling 莫玲

1.园中花窗、虚虚实实、漏而不尽、诱人探幽。

The floral windows in the garden show a faint silhouette.Some parts of them are exposed yet not the all,which entices visitors to explore the hidden world behind that.

2. 颐和园古式建筑走廊，它遮荫蔽雨、休息、联系交通，组织景观、分隔空间、增加风景层次。

In the Summer Palace,there are numerous classical corridors.They are not only desirable places of shelter and rest,but also act as pivots of roads in different directions and connectors of different scenic spots.In addition,they can serve as space dividers,which is able to amplify the levels of scenery.

3. 比较重要的建筑都安置在纵轴线上，次要房屋安置在它左右两侧的横轴线上，北京故宫的组群布局和北方的四合院是最能体现庭院式布局原则的典型实例。

On the vertical axis array the more important buildings and on each side array the subordinate houses on the horizontal axis . The group layout of the Forbidden City in Beijing and the quardrangle dwellings in the North China are typical examples of courtyard layout principle.--Mo Ling (talk) 14:43, 5 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

On the vertical axis array the more important buildings and on horizontal axis array the subordinate houses. The group layout of the Forbidden City in Beijing and the quardrangle dwellings in the North China are typical examples of courtyard layout principle.--Qu Miao (talk) 09:20, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Peng Ruihong 彭锐宏

1.国家体育场（鸟巢）位于北京奥林匹克公园中心区南部，为2008年北京奥运会的主体育场。工程总占地面积21公顷，场内观众坐席约为91000个。举行了奥运会、残奥会开闭幕式、田径比赛及足球比赛决赛。

The National Stadium (Bird's Nest) is located in the southern part of the central area of ​​the Beijing Olympic Park. It was the main stadium for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The total height of the project is 21 miles, and there are about 91,000 spectator seats in the venue. Track and field matches and football match finals.

2.承德避暑山庄，又名“承德离宫”或“热河行宫”，是世界文化遗产、国家AAAAA级旅游景区、全国重点文物保护单位、中国四大名园之一。山庄位于河北省承德市中心北部，武烈河西岸一带狭长的谷地上，是清代皇帝夏天避暑和处理政务的场所。避暑山庄分宫殿区、湖泊区、平原区、山峦区四大部分。

Chengde Mountain Resort, also known as "Chengde Ligong" or "Rehe Palace", is a world cultural heritage, a national AAAAA-level tourist attraction, a national key cultural relics protection unit, and one of China's four famous gardens. The villa is located in the narrow valley on the west bank of the Wulie River in the north of Chengde city center in Hebei province. It was a place for the emperors of the Qing Dynasty to escape the summer heat and deal with government affairs.

The Mountain Resort is divided into four parts: palace area, lake area, plain area and mountain area.

3.1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。2007年5月8日，颐和园经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。

On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. It was also named as China’s Four Famous Gardens along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator’s Garden, and Lingering Garden. It was included in November 1998. "World Heritage List". On May 8, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction.--Peng Ruihong (talk) 11:00, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Phyo, Su Kyi

1-中国古代著名建筑- 紫禁城,天坛,钱陵,古城墙,大雁塔。

Famous Ancient Chinese Buildings-The Forbidden City,Temple of Heaven,Qian Mausoleum,Ancient City Wall,Big Wild Goose Pagoda.

2-中日花园的主要区别在于，与日式花园相比，中式花园往往更为大胆，充满异国情调，具有观赏性，并且在整个公园般的环境中具有更多的建筑和结构，而日式花园则总体上较为柔和，朴素和简约。

The main difference between Chinese and Japanese gardens is that Chinese gardens tend to be more bold, exotic, ornamental, and have more architecture and structures throughout a park-like setting, compared to Japanese gardens which tend to be more subdued, austere and minimalist overall.

3-1888年，颐和园获得了现今的中文名称，即颐和园，并作为慈禧太后的避暑胜地。 1900年，它被八国联军摧毁。 1912年，它被重建为清朝（1644-1912）的最后一幕。

In 1888, the Summer Palace was given its present-day Chinese name, Yihe Yuan, and served as a summer resort for the Empress Dowager Cixi. In 1900, it was destroyed by the Allied Forces of the Eight Powers. In 1912, it was rebuilt as one of the final acts of the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912).

4-凯瑟琳·卡尔（Katharine Carl）是美国肖像画家和作家。她在美国，欧洲和亚洲创作了著名的皇家人物的画作。 Katharine Carl was an American portrait painter and author. She made paintings of notable and royal people in the United States, Europe and Asia.

Qu Miao 瞿淼

1.中国自古地大物博，建筑艺术源远流长。不同地域其建筑艺术风格等各有差异，但其传统建筑的组群布局、空间、结构、建筑材料及装饰艺术等方面却有着共同的特点，区别于西方，享誉全球。

China, a country vast in territory and rich in resources, boasts a long history of architecture art. Architectures in different regions are different in artistic style, but have something in common in complex arrangement, space, structure, building material and decorative art. Distinguished from western architecture, Chinese architecture is well-known around the world.--Qu Miao (talk) 09:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国传统园林集色、香、韵于一身，自古以来便给人们提供了一个休闲纳凉的好去处，对中国文化传承具有重要意义。

Chinese traditional garden combines pleasing colors with fragrance and charm. It offers a good place for people to take leisure activities and enjoy the cool, and is significant for Chinese traditional cultural inheritance.--Qu Miao (talk) 09:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese traditional garden combines pleasing colors with fragrance and charm. Since ancient times, It has offered a good place for people to take leisure activities and enjoy the cool, which contributes a lot to the inheritance of Chinese traditional culture.--Xu Jia (talk) 12:24, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

3.颐和园位于北京市西北部海淀区,距市中心约15公里,原为清代的行宫花园,其名为“颐养太和”之义。园中的长廊、石舫、佛香阁、宝云阁、大戏楼、十七孔桥、玉带桥等建筑堪称世界建筑文化中的珍品。

The Summer Palace is located in Haidian District, northwest of Beijing, and it’s about 15 kilometers away from downtown. As a former palace garden of the Qing dynasty, it’s name means “keep supreme harmony”. Many buildings in the garden, including the Long Corridor，Marble Boat，Pavilion of the Fragrance of Buddha, Tower of Precious Cloud, Grand Opera Tower, Seventeen Arch Bridge and Jade Belt Bridge, can be called as world architecture art treasures.--Qu Miao (talk) 09:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

4.美国女画家凯瑟琳·卡尔（1858——1938），中文译作柯(克姑娘)。20世纪初曾创了两项空前绝后的世界性纪录：她是惟一在中国官廷之内一连呆了很长时间的外国人，又是惟一替尚健在的中国后妃画过肖像的人。

American female painter Katharine Carl(1858-1938), whose Chinese name was Ke( Miss Ke), had set up two world records: she was the only foreigner who stayed in the palace for a very long time, and also the only one who pained portraits for Chinese imperial concubines who were still alive at that time.--Qu Miao (talk) 09:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

American female painter Katharine Carl(1858-1938), whose Chinese name was Ke( Miss Ke), had set up two unparalleled world records in early 20 century: she was the only foreigner who stayed in the Chinese palace for a very long time, and also the only one who pained portraits for Chinese imperial concubines who were still alive at that time.--Kang Haoyu (talk) 13:30, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Si Yu 司妤

1.清代的都城北京城基本保持了明朝时的原状，城内共有20座高大、雄伟的城门，气势最为磅礴的是内城的正阳门。因沿用了明代的帝王宫殿，清代帝王兴建了大规模的皇家园林，这些园林建筑是清代建筑的精华，其中包括华美的圆明园与颐和园。 Beijing city, the capital in the Qing Dynasty kept what it was in the previous dynasty. It had 20 towering and impressive gates, among which the most imposing one was Zhengyang Gate in inner areas. To match with the imperial palace inherited from the Ming Dynasty, Qing emperors built large-scale imperial gardens, which were the essence of Qing architecture and included the magnificent Summer Palace.--Si Yu (talk) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.屋顶花园不但降温隔热效果优良，而且能美化环境、净化空气、改善局部小气候，还能丰富城市的俯仰景观，大大提高了城市的绿化覆盖率，是一种值得大力推广的屋面形式。 A roof garden can not only efficiently lower temperatures and insulate heat, but also can beautify the environment, purify air and improve climate in some areas. Also, it adds to the views of cities and largely increases the plantation covering rate of cities. It is a form of roof that worths promoting.--Si Yu (talk) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。 The Summer Palace is the most important political and diplomatic center of the highest governor of the late Qing Dynasty apart from the Forbidden City. And it witnessed China’s history and a lot of historical events.--Si Yu (talk) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Tan Yuanyuan 谭媛媛

1.从古代文献记载、绘画中的古建筑一直到现存的古建筑来看，中国古代建筑在平面布局方面有一种简明的组织规律，就是每一处住宅、宫殿、官衙、寺庙等建筑，都是由若干座建筑和一些围廊、围墙之类环绕成一个个庭院而组成的。 From the ancient buildings recorded in ancient documents and paintings to the existing ancient buildings, there is a concise organizational law in the layout of ancient Chinese buildings, that is, every house, palace, official office, temple and other buildings are surrounded by courtyards built by a number of buildings and a number of corridors,walls,etc .--Tan Yuanyuan (talk) 09:21, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林意境这个概念的思想渊源可以追溯到东晋到唐宋年间。当时的文艺思潮是崇尚自然，出现了山水诗、山水画和山水游记。 The ideological origin of the concept of garden artistic conception can be traced back to the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Tang and Song Dynasties. At that time, the literary and artistic trend was advocating nature, so the landscape poems, landscape paintings, and landscape travel notes appeared.--Tan Yuanyuan (talk) 09:21, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是中国风景园林设计创意艺术的杰出表达，体现了天人合一的和谐理念。 The Summer Palace in Beijing is an outstanding expression of the creative art of Chinese landscape garden design, incorporating the works of humankind and nature in  a harmonious whole.--Tan Yuanyuan (talk) 09:21, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Tang Yiran 汤伊然

1、亭台楼阁，池馆水榭，映在青松翠柏之中；假山怪石，花坛盆景，藤萝翠竹，点缀其间。

Among the pines and cypresses are waterside pavilions and towers, with rockeries, flower beds and bonsai, vines and bamboos, dotted with them.--Tang Yiran1 (talk) 13:50, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.大殿的四周，古树参天，绿树成荫，红墙黄瓦，金碧辉煌。

With resplendent red walls and yellow tiles, the hall is surrounded by a dense crowd of ancient trees giving green shade.--Tang Yiran1 (talk) 13:50, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.朱红的宫墙。一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上，黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光，这就是古香古色的佛香阁。

Outside the vermillion red palace walls, there is an octagonal pagoda-shaped three-story building stands halfway up the mountainside, yellow glazed tiles glittering. This is the antique Pavilion of Buddhist Incense.--Tang Yiran1 (talk) 13:50, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Wang Xuan 王轩

整个故宫规模宏大，极为壮观。仅以宫殿的核心部分紫禁城为例，它东西长760米，南北长960米，占地72万多平方米。

The whole palace museum is grand and spectacular. Take the Forbidden City, the core part of the palace, as an example. It is 760 meters long from east to west, 960 meters long from north to south, covering an area of more than 720000 square meters.--Wang Xuan (talk) 09:58, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

The whole Palace Museum is grand and spectacular. Just take the Forbidden City, the core part of the palace, as an example. It is 760 meters long from east to west and 960 meters long from north to south, covering an area of more than 720,000 square meters.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 10:52, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

古典园林中国现存的著名古典园林数量不少，多数是明、清两代的遗物。中国古典园林因受长期封建社会历史条件的限制，绝大部分是封闭的，即园林的四周都有围墙，景物藏于园内。

There are many famous classical gardens in China, most of them are relics of Ming and Qing Dynasties.Restricted by the long-term feudal social and historical conditions, most of the Chinese classical gardens are closed, that is, the gardens are surrounded by walls and the scenery is hidden in the garden.--Wang Xuan (talk) 09:58, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

There are many famous classical gardens existing in China, most of which are relics of Ming and Qing Dynasties.Restricted by the long-term feudal society and historical conditions, most of the Chinese classical gardens are closed, that is, the gardens are surrounded by walls and the scenery is hidden in the garden.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 10:52, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

2007年5月8日，颐和园经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。 2009年，颐和园入选中国世界纪录协会中国现存最大的皇家园林。

On May 8th, 2007, the summer palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A tourist attraction. In 2009, the summer palace was selected as the largest royal garden in China by the China World Records Association.--Wang Xuan (talk) 09:58, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

On May 8th, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction. In 2009, the summer palace was selected as the largest existing royal garden in China by the China World Records Association.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 10:52, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Wu Qiong 吴琼

1. 故宫前部宫殿，当时建筑造型要求宏伟壮丽，庭院明朗开阔，象征封建政权至高无上，太和殿坐落在紫禁城对角线的中心，四角上各有十只吉祥瑞兽。 At that time, the front palace of the Forbidden City required a magnificent architectural style, its courtyard should be bright and wide, to symbolize the supremacy of the feudal regime. The Hall of Supreme Harmony was located in the center of the diagonal line of the Forbidden City, with ten auspicious beasts on each corner.

2. 苏州园林博物馆以造园工具、陈设家具、建筑构建等实物为主要载体展示园林的传统造园工艺，并运用了现代科技手段展示古典园林的艺术魅力。 The Suzhou Garden Museum uses garden tools, furnishings, architectural construction and other physical objects as the main carrier to display the traditional gardening crafts of the garden, and uses modern technology to show the artistic charm of classical gardens.

3. 颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。 The Summer Palace was the most important center of political and diplomatic activities outside the Forbidden City by the supreme ruler of the late Qing Dynasty. It was an important witness of modern Chinese history and the place where many major historical events occurred.--WuQiong (talk) 08:51, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

1. The palaces in the front of Forbidden City were required to be majestic and wide, representing the supreme status of feudal regime. Taihe Palace is set in the center of diagonal line of the Palace, with ten auspicious beasts at its each four corners.

2. Suzhou Garden Museum belongs to the traditional art which based on tools, furniture and construction, which also applies modern technology to show its charm.

3. Summer Palace is the most important political and diplomatic center outside Forbidden City in Late Qing Dynasty for leaders, which is also the place witnessing many historical events in modern China. --Yang chenting (talk) 02:36, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

Wu Yilu 吴一露

1.中国传统建筑的第四个特点，体现了“天人合一”的思想，这一思想恰恰与现代人“回归大自然”的欲望相吻合。可见，重山林风水的传统思想必将在现代建筑设计中得以发扬、发展，以创造优美的建筑环境，实现大自然的回归。

The fourth characteristic of Chinese traditional architecturereflects the thought of "unity of man and nature", which is exactly consistent with the desire of modern people to "return to nature". It can be seen that the traditional thought which emphasizes “Fengshui”( Geomatics Omen) will be carried forward and developed in modern architectural design, so as to create a beautiful architectural environment and realize the return of nature.--Wu Yilu (talk) 03:41, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林是与园林环境及自然景致充分结合的建筑，它可以最大限度地利用自然地形及环境的有利条件。中国古典园林一般以自然山水作为景观构图的主题，建筑只为观赏风景和点缀风景而设置。

Gardens is the full combination of garden environment and natural scenery, which can take most advantages of the natural terrain and environment. Chinese classical gardens generally take natural mountains and rivers as the theme of landscape composition, while buildings are set only for appreciating and embellishing the scenery.--Wu Yilu (talk) 03:41, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间，大致可分为行政、生活、游览三个部分。

Covering an area of 293 hectares, the Summer Palace is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3000 palaces and gardens in various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and sightseeing.--Wu Yilu (talk) 03:41, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Xiao Shuangling 肖双玲

1.中国传统建筑，论其结构，不论是皇家的宫苑，还是散见于各地的各类型的建筑，包括民居，其结构特点在世界古代建筑史中都是独一无二的。

In terms of the structure of traditional Chinese architecture, it is unique in the history of ancient architecture in the world, whether it is royal palaces or various types of architecture scattered in various places, including residential buildings.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 09:51, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

2.中国古典园林因受长期封建社会历史条件的限制，绝大部分是封闭的，即园林的四周都有围墙，景物藏于园内。

Due to the constraints of long-term feudal society and historical conditions, Chinese classical gardens are mostly closed, that is, the gardens are surrounded by walls and the scenery is hidden in the gardens.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 09:51, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

3.颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园。

The Summer Palace, announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator's Garden, and Lingering Garden, which were announced at the same time, was called China's four famous gardens.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 09:51, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

The summer palace has been announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, together with Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator's Garden, and Lingering Garden. These four gardens are known as the four famous gardens in China. --Zhang Ling (talk) 12:51, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Xiao Ting 肖婷

1.庭院是建筑的基本单位，它既是封闭的，又是开放的；既是人工的，又是自然的，可以俯植花草树木，仰观风云日月，成为古人“天人合一”观念的又一表现，也体现了中国人既含蓄内向，又开拓进取的民族性格。

The courtyard ,both closed and open,both artificial and natural,is the basic unit of architecture, in which you can enjoy flowers and trees, look up to the wind, clouds, sun and moon. It not only becomes an expression of the concept "harmony of the nature and man" , but also reflects that Chinese people are both subtle and introverted, and have pioneering national character.

2.设计者和匠师们因地制宜，自出心裁，修建成功的园林当然各各不同。可是苏州各个园林在不同之中有个共同点，似乎设计者和匠师们一致追求的是：务必使游览者无论站在哪个点上，眼前总是一幅美丽的图画。

The successful gardens in Suzhou were of course different from each other, as the designers and craftsmen had their own ideas for the gardens. It seems that the designers and craftsmen were unanimous in their desire to make sure that no matter where the visitor stood, there was always a beautiful picture in front of him.

3.卡尔在京期间，除绘制送往美国的慈禧肖像外，还为慈禧另外画了一些画像。这些画像现收藏在北京故宫博物院。在宫中的日子里，卡尔还画了许多素描，将她看到的宫廷生活场景、光绪后妃、宫女及达官贵人记录下来。与人们从照片上看到的不同，卡尔所画的隆裕皇后很俏丽。

When Carl was in Beijing ，she painted several portraits for Cixi except for the one which should be sent to America.Many of these paintings are collected in Beijing Palace Museum.During her stay at the Forbidden city，she also made sketchs to record the palace life and people like miads，concubines of the late imperor Guangxu and high officals.Unlike the pictures of Queen Liongyu，the portraits of her from Carl were quite beautiful.

4.山区多处园林解放前多遭破坏，但山区景物依旧迷人，在亭子上远眺，山庄的各风景点，山庄外的几座大庙，以及承德市区，周围山上的奇峰怪石。

Many of the gardens in the mountain area were destroyed before the liberation, but the mountain scenery is still charming, and the pavilion overlooks the various scenic spots of the mountain resort, and the several large temples outside the mountain resort, as well as the city of Chengde, and the stangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formation on the surrounding hills.--Xiao Ting (talk) 03:56, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

Xu Jia 徐佳

1.中国和西方都宣扬“君权神授”，但西方更强调的是“神授”，中国更强调的是“君权”。这种区别在建筑上也得以体现：一直以来在西方，庙宇和教堂都是主流建筑；中国则始终以宫殿和都城为重心，宗教寺观处于次要地位。

Unlike Christianity in the West, Buddhism doesn't take a dominant position as a social thought in China. Although both China and the West advocated the doctrine of divine right of kings, the former placed more stress on the divine right of nature and the latter on the right of kings. This difference can be found in architecture: for a long time in the West, temples and churches were the mainstream of buildings; in China, however, palaces and capital cities took primacy over religious buildings.--Xu Jia (talk) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

2. 万象昭辉是北京园的最高点，拾阶而上，登上高处，园内的方池、书楼、廊榭、亭台、石桥，尽收眼底；放眼园外，可看见京石铁路上的高铁列车飞驰而过，仿佛预示着繁荣的过去与快速发展的今天。

The two-storey tower is in the highest position of the park and offers a full view of the pools, corridors, pavilions and stone bridges inside the park. Outside, high-speed trains flash by along the Beijing-Shijiazhuang Railway, which are a reminder of past prosperity and current rapid development.--Xu Jia (talk) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

3. 颐和园是中国的造园思想和实践的集中体现，而这种思想和实践对整个东方园林艺术文化形式的发展起了关键性的作用。

The Summer Palace epitomizes the philosophy and practice of Chinese garden design, which played a key role in the development of this cultural form throughout the east.--Xu Jia (talk) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

4. 据《清宫二年记》记载，慈禧每年到秋菊傲霜怒放时，总要摘大朵的菊放入枕袋，置头下就寝。

According to Records of the Second Year of the Qing Dynasty, every year when the autumn chrysanthemum was in full bloom, Cixi would pick large ones and put them into a pillow bag, and went to sleep with it under her head.--Xu Jia (talk) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

Xu Jing 许静

1. 中国建筑艺术，讲究大门、大窗、大进深、大屋檐，视野开阔，直通自然，充分体现“天人合一”的思想。四角飞檐翘起，或扑朔欲飞，或耸立欲飘，让凝固显得欲动。

Chinese architectural art emphasizes large gates, large windows, great depths, and large eaves, with a wide field of vision and direct access to nature, fully reflecting the idea of "unity of nature and man". The four corners of the eaves are raised, or fluttering to fly, or towering to float, appearing to be dynamic in a static state.--Xu Jing (talk) 05:35, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国园林艺术着重意境的塑造，园林中的山水、植被、建筑以及其组成空间关系，不仅是一种物质环境，而且创造了一种精神氛围。

Chinese garden art focuses on the shaping of the mood. The landscape, vegetation, architecture and spacial arrangement in the garden constitute not only to a physical environment, but also to a spiritual atmosphere.--Xu Jing (talk) 05:35, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese garden art focuses on the shaping of the mood, the landscape, vegetation, architecture and its constituent spatial relationships in the garden are not only a physical environment, but also create a spiritual atmosphere.--Tan Yuanyuan (talk) 09:25, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 颐和园整体布局以万寿山、昆明湖为主体，湖光山色中亭台楼阁、廊榭舫桥、庙堂殿宇等人文建筑与自然山水艺术地融为一体，恢弘大气、富丽堂皇，在世界园林史上独树一帜。

Wanshou Mountain, Kunming Lake are the main body of the Summer Palace. Amid natural landscape are the pavilions, galleries, bridges, temples and other humanistic architecture. They mix together to be magnificent and splendid, unique in the history of the world's gardens.--Xu Jing (talk) 05:35, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Yang Chenting 杨晨婷

1. 传统建筑的特点是具有民族色彩和地方色彩。中国传统建筑正是中国历史悠久的传统文化和民族特色的最精彩、最直观的传承载体和表现形式。

Traditional architecture is with national and local characteristics. Chinese traditional architecture is the most interesting and direct entity and form of traditional culture and national features in Chinese long history.

Traditional architecture is characterized by its national and local flavors. Chinese Traditionalarchitecture is the most spectacular and intuitive carrier and expression of China's long-established culture and national characteristics.--Xiao Ting (talk) 04:24, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

2. 我国的园林艺术，如果从殷、周时代算起，到现在为止已有三千多年的历史，是世界园林艺术起源最早的国家之一，在世界园林史上占有极重要的位置，并具有极其高超的艺术水平和独特的民族风格。

Since Yin and Zhou Period, Chinese garden art has more than three thousand history. China is one of the earliest countries to start garden arts, playing an essential role in the world, which embodies with high art level and unique national styles.

3. 颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间，大致可分为行政、生活、游览三个部分。 The land area of Summer Palace is 293 hectares, mainly consisting of two parts—Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Mountain. There are over 3000 garden buildings with different styles.

Covering an area of 293 hectares,the Summer Palace is mainly composed of two parts: Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3,000 buildings of various forms of palaces and gardens, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration areas, living areas and sightseeing areas.--Xiao Ting (talk) 04:24, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

4. 美国女画家凯瑟琳·卡尔（1858——1938），中文译作柯姑娘。20世纪初曾创了两项世界性纪录：她是惟一在中国官廷之内一连呆了很长时间的外国人，又是惟一替尚健在的中国后妃画过肖像的人。

American female painter Katherine Carl (1858-1938), called Keguniang(柯姑娘) in Chinese. In 20th century, she had made two world record—the first is that she’s the only foreigner who had stayed in palace for a long time. The second is that she’s the one who painted for concubines, who is still alive. --Yang chenting (talk) 02:15, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

Yang Hui 阳慧

其中，秦朝修建的秦始皇陵及长城、隋朝修建的赵州桥、明清两朝的帝王宫殿紫禁城等至今还在向世人展示着中国古代建筑艺术的独特魅力。 Among them, the Qin Dynasty built the Imperial Tomb and the Great Wall, Sui Dynasty built the Zhaozhou Bridge, the Ming and Qing dynasties imperial palace Forbidden City, and so on are still showing the world the unique charm of ancient Chinese architectural art.--YangHui (talk) 12:24, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

中国的造园艺术，以追求自然精神境界为最终和最高目的，从而达到“虽由人作，宛自天开”的审美旨趣。 China's garden art, to pursue the natural spiritual realm as the ultimate and highest goal, so as to achieve the " though by human, Wan from heaven " aesthetic purport.

---

颐和园依山傍水，有万寿山和昆明湖，山光水色，交相辉映，入春后，鲜花盛开，绿树成荫，景色诱人。 The Summer Palace is surrounded by mountains and rivers . It has Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake . The mountains are bright with water.--YangHui (talk) 12:24, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Yang Yue 杨悦

1、中国建筑体系是以木结构为特色的建筑艺术。传统建筑叫种屋顶造型、飞檐翼角、斗拱彩画、朱柱金顶、内外装修门及园林景物等，充分体现出中国建筑艺术的纯熟和感染力。

Chinese architecture is an independent art featuring wooden structures. It consists of various roof molding, upturned eaves and wings, dougong with paintings, vermillion pillars and golden roofs, ornament gates and gardening. All of these embody the maturity and artistic appeal of Chinese architecture.--Yang Yue (talk) 13:54, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

2、中国园林是建筑艺术的一种形式，它在本质上旨在通过所谓的园林四要素组织富于性情与乐趣并充满意境的环境，这种环境包括假山、河流、建筑和植物，也包括有机组成部分，比如道路、室内环境。

Chinese garden is one of the important types of architectural art. It is essentially aimed at organizing an environment rich in temperament and interest and full of the beauty of artistic conception through the so-called four gardening elements including mountains, rivers, structures and plants, as well as the organic components such as roads, interior settings.--Yang Yue (talk) 13:54, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

3、颐和园主景区由万寿山、昆明湖组成，全园占地2.9平方公里，水面约占四分之三。

The Summer Palace, dominated mainly by Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake, covers an area of 2.9 square kilometers, three quarters of which is under water.--Yang Yue (talk) 13:54, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Covering an area of 2.9 square kilometers，the Summer Palace is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake， three quarters of which is under water.--Wu Yilu (talk) 05:17, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

You Yuting 游雨婷

1.古建筑是一座城市的记忆，是城市历史的见证者，它承载着这座城市的文化积淀。一旦损毁，文物本体及其承载的历史文化信息都将不复存在。

The ancient building is the memory of a city and the witness of its history. It bears the cultural accumulation of the city. Once damaged, the cultural relic itself and the historical and cultural information it carries will no longer exist.

2.中国园林建筑大体分为私家园林建筑,皇家园林建筑和寺庙园林建筑。以苏州和扬州为代表，两者相比,苏州园林更具文人气质,而扬州的园林则偏于工商和贵气。

In general,Chinese garden architecture is divided into private garden architecture, royal garden architecture and temple garden architecture. With Suzhou and Yangzhou as the representative, the Suzhou gardens bear the style of literati, while the Yangzhou gardens tend to be commercial and noble.

Chinese garden architecture is roughly divided into private garden architecture, royal garden architecture and temple garden architecture. Taking Suzhou and Yangzhou as representatives, the former is more literary, while the latter is more inclined to commercial and luxury styles.--Cao Runxin (talk) 08:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部 分组成。各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间，大致可分为行政、生活、游览三个部分。

The Summer Palace covers an area of 293 hectares,mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3000 palaces and gardens of various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and tour.--You Yuting (talk) 10:21, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Covering an area of 293 hectares,the Summer Palace is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3,000 palaces and gardens of various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and tour.--Guan Qinqing (talk) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Yuan Tianyi 袁天翼

说到中国文化，不得不提到长城。从公元前7世纪到公元16世纪，在大约2200年的时间里，先后有19个朝代修建过长城，所修的长城长达10千米以上。主要的长城修建工程是在秦代、汉代和明代完成的。

We must refer to the Great Wall when it comes to Chinese culture. Through about 2200 years from the 7th century B.C. to the 16th century A.D., it was built in 19 dynasties successively, reaching over 10 kilometers in length. Main construction project was carried out in the Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty and Ming Dynasty.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 02:26, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。2007年5月8日，颐和园经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。 2009年，颐和园入选中国世界纪录协会中国现存最大的皇家园林。

On March 4th, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as one of the first batch of National Priority Cultural Relic Protection Sites, famed as “ Four Great Palaces of China” with Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator Garden,Lingering Garden simultaneously. The Summer Palace was listed into World Heritage List in November 1998, and on May 8th, 2007, it was officially ratified as National 5A Scenic Spots by National Tourism Administration. In 2009, the Summer Palace, under the acknowledgement of China World Record Association, was selected as the largest extant royal garden of China.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 02:26, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

中国古典园林艺术是指以江南私家园林和北方皇家园林为代表的中国山水园林形式。在中国传统建筑中，古典园林是独树一帜有重大成就的建筑。它被举世公认为世界园林之母，世界艺术之奇观，人类文明的重要遗产。其造园手法已被西方国家所推崇和摹仿，在西方国家掀起了一股“中国园林热”。

Chinese classical garden art mainly refers to Jiangnan private gardens and North royal gardens. Among all the Chinese traditional buildings, classic gardens boasts unique achievement, which is widely acknowledged as the Mother of the World Gardens, a miracle of the art of the world, and significant heritage of human civilization. The construction technique of Chinese gardens has been adored and imitated by western countries, ushering in “Chinese garden craze” in the occidental world.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 02:26, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Zeng Liang 曾良

世界上大多数伟大的建筑都是石料建筑，因为石料建筑不仅外形漂亮、持久耐用，而且石头到处可见。在过去，整个城市的建筑物都是从艰苦的石块切割和堆砌发展起来的。 Much of the world’s great architecture has been constructed of stone because of its beauty, permanence, and availability. In the past, whole cities grew from the arduous task of cutting and pilling stone upon.--Zeng Liang (talk) 01:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Much of the world’s great architecture has been constructed of stone because of its beauty, durability, and availability. In the past, whole cities grew from the arduous task of cutting and piling stone upon. --Chen Han (talk) 14:36, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

最好的园林远不止是将各种美丽的花草树木种在一起。成功的园林都代表了各种要素经过精心组合成的一个整体，这些要素从纯粹的装饰到具有严格的功能不等。 The best gardens are much more than an assortment of beautiful plants.Successful gardens generally represent a careful integration of diverse elements,ranging from the purely ornamental to the strictly functional.--Zeng Liang (talk) 01:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园主景区由万寿山、昆明湖组成，全员占地2.9平方公里，水面约占四分之三。园内现存各式宫殿、园林古建7万平方米，并以珍贵的文物藏品闻名于世，是第一批全国重点文物保护单位。 The Summer Palace,dominated mainly by Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake, covers an area of 29 square kilometers, three quarters of which is under water. Its 70,000 square meters of building space features a varity of palaces, gardens and other ancient-style architectural structures.Well-known for its large and priceless collection of cultural relics, it was among the first group of historical and cultural heritage sites in China to be placed under special state protection.--Zeng Liang (talk) 01:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Zeng Xinyuan 曾心媛

中国传统建筑的第四个特点，更加体现了“天人合一”的思想，这一思想恰恰与现代人“回归大自然”的欲望相吻合。 The fourth feature of Chinese traditional architecture represents the thinking of “ unity of heaven and human beings”, which fits the desire of “returning to nature” of modern people.--Zeng Xinyuan (talk) 13:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

它被举世公认为世界园林之母，世界艺术之奇观，人类文明的重要遗产。其造园手法已被西方国家所推崇和摹仿，在西方国家掀起了一股“中国园林热”。 It has been recognized worldwide as the mother of gardens, a wonder of world arts, and an important heritage of human civilization. The techniques of building gardens have been advocated and imitated by Western countries, raising “a Chinese gardens mania” in those countries.--Zeng Xinyuan (talk) 13:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

它是以昆明湖、万寿山为基址，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”。 It was a large landscape garden as well as the best preserved royal pavilion which took Kunming Lake, and Wanshou Mountain as base address, and West Lake in Hangzhou as chief source, and drew design methods of gardens in regions south of Yangtze River, known as “royal gardens museum”.--Zeng Xinyuan (talk) 13:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

她与慈禧太后的亲密接触，促使她完成了这部稀有之作——为世人真实地展示了没落前的大清帝国谜一般的宫廷暮霭和迷一般的慈禧皇太后的私密生活。 Her close contact with Cixi drove her to finish the precious work, which unveiled royal enigma of the Qing Dynasty before it declined and private life of empress dowager Cixi to the world.--Zeng Xinyuan (talk) 13:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Zhang Hui 张慧

1.中国传统建筑正是中国历史悠久的传统文化和民族特色的最精彩、最直观的传承载体和表现形式。 Chinese traditional architecture is the most wonderful and intuitive transmission carrier and expression form of China's long-standing traditional culture and national characteristics.--Zhang Hui (talk) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese traditional architecture is the most splendid and intuitive transmission carrier and expression form of Chinese traditional culture with a long history and national characteristics.--You Yuting (talk) 10:23, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese traditional architecture is the most wonderful and intuitive transmission carrier and expression form for Chinese long-standing traditional culture and national characteristics.--Zhao Xiaoyan (talk) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国园林区别于世界上其他园林体系的最大特点，在于它不以创造呈现在人们眼前的具体园林形象为最终目的，它追求的是意境。 The biggest feature of Chinese gardens that distinguishes it from other garden systems in the world is that it does not take the creation of a concrete garden image that is presented to people as its ultimate goal.It pursues artistic conception.--Zhang Hui (talk) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The biggest feature that distinguishes Chinese gardens from other garden systems in the world is that it does not take the creation of a specific garden image in front of people as its ultimate goal, but rather the pursuit of the mood.--Zhao Xiaoyan (talk) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，借景周围的山水环境，既有皇家园林恢弘富丽的气势，又充满了自然之趣，高度体现了中国园林“虽由人作，宛自天开”的造园准则。 The Summer Palace is a monument to classical Chinese architecture, in terms of both garden design and construction. Borrowing scenes from surrounding landscapes, it radiates not only the grandeur of an imperial garden but also the beauty of nature in a seamless combination that best illustrates the guiding principle of traditional Chinese garden design: "The works of men should match the works of Heaven".--Zhang Hui (talk) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Zhang Ling 张玲

1. 中国古代建筑艺术是中华传统文化中的一部分，在长期的历史发展过程中，尤其在儒家思想影响下，中国古代建筑逐步形成了自己的体系和特点。 Chinese ancient architectural art is a part of Chinese traditional culture. In the long course of historical development, especially under the influence of Confucianism, Chinese ancient architecture has gradually formed its own system and characteristics. --Zhang Ling (talk) 12:46, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国古典园林艺术是指以江南私家园林和北方皇家园林为代表的中国山水园林形式。它被举世公认为世界园林之母，世界艺术之奇观，是人类文明的重要遗产。 Chinese classical garden art refers to Chinese landscape gardens represented by the private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River and the royal gardens in the north. It is universally acknowledged as the mother of world gardens, the wonder of world art, and the important heritage of human civilization. --Zhang Ling (talk) 12:46, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese classical garden art refers to Chinese landscape gardens represented by the private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River and the royal gardens in the north. It is universally acknowledged as the mother of gardens in the world, a wonder of world arts, and an important heritage of human civilization.--Zeng Xinyuan (talk) 14:23, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 颐和园以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”，也是国家重点旅游景点。 Based on the West Lake in Hangzhou, the Summer Palace is a large landscape garden, drawing on the design techniques of jiangnan gardens. It is also the most complete preserved royal garden, known as the "Royal Garden Museum" and a key national tourist attraction. --Zhang Ling (talk) 12:46, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Taking West Lake in Hangzhou as the chief source, the Summer Palace is a large landscape garden, drawing on the design techniques of Jiangnan gardens. It is also the best preserved royal garden, known as the "Royal Garden Museum" and a key national tourist attraction. --Zeng Xinyuan (talk) 14:23, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 卡尔对慈禧的第一印象很好，她认为这位太后“看上去非常和善、年轻而又带着迷人笑容”。慈禧对卡尔也甚为满意，称她“柯姑娘”，并安排她住在距颐和园不远的醇亲王别墅，便于她每天早朝后进园画像。 Carl had a good first impression of Cixi. She thought the Empress Dowager "looked very kind, young and had a charming smile." Cixi was also very satisfied with Karl. She called her "Miss Ke" and arranged for her to stay at the Prince Chun's villa not far from the Summer Palace, so that it was very convenient for her to make portraits in the garden everyday after the early duty. --Zhang Ling (talk) 12:46, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Carl had a good first impression on Cixi. She thought the Empress Dowager "looked very kind, young and had a charming smile." Cixi was also very satisfied with Karl. She called Karl "Miss Ke" and arranged her to stay at the Prince Chun's villa, which is not far from the Summer Palace, so as to draw portraits in the garden everyday after the early duty.--Zeng Xinyuan (talk) 14:23, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Zhang Peiwen 张佩闻

假山和石花园是中国园林建筑的重要组成部分。 The artificial mountain and rock garden is the integral element of Chinese classical gardens.--Zhang Peiwen (talk) 09:02, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The artificial mountain and rock garden are the integral elements of Chinese classical gardens.--Gan Fengyu (talk) 13:09, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The artificial mountains and gardens of stone are important parts of Chinese classical gardens.--Zeng Liang (talk) 02:05, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

中国园林善于和借景，不会死板地将景观以对称的方式排列，而是会将大大小小的景观不守成规精妙地排列。 The Chinese garden architecture characterized by taking advantages of the environment and shun symmetry along axis and adopt an irregular and complicated layout with plenty of large and small spaces.--Zhang Peiwen (talk) 09:02, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Chinese garden architecture is characterized by taking advantages of the scenes. It arrangs different landscapes in an irregular but exquisite form rather than rigid and symmetrical one.--Gan Fengyu (talk) 13:09, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园是世界上最广阔的皇家园林之一，园区主要有万寿山，昆明湖两大景区组成。颐和园是“三山五园”之一，也是中国最后一座皇家林园。 The Summer Palace is the royal garden covering the largest area in the world. It is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. It is one of the three mountains and five gardens and the last royal garden in China.--Zhang Peiwen (talk) 09:02, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace is one of the most spacious royal gardens in the world, which is mainly composd of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. It is one of "the three mountains and five gardens" and the last royal garden in China.--Gan Fengyu (talk) 13:09, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace, one of the most spacious royal gardens in the world, is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. It is one of "Three Hills and Five Gardens" , as well as the last royal garden in China.--Zeng Liang (talk) 02:05, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Zhang Yinliu 张银柳

1.中国传统建筑以木结构建筑为主，西方的传统建筑以砖石结构为主, 现代的建筑则是以钢筋混凝土为主。

Chinese traditional architecture is mainly wood structure, while western traditional architecture is mainly brick structure. Modern architecture is mainly reinforced concrete.

2.在设计屋顶花园的同时要考虑屋顶的承重和防水、渗水设计。任何屋顶的承重力度均在建筑设计规范中，无论什么形式的绿化园艺园林设计前要考虑进去。

In the design of roof garden, we should consider the load-bearing, waterproof and seepage design of the roof. The load-bearing strength of any roof is in the architectural design code, which should be taken into account before any form of greening, horticulture and landscape design.

3.

Zhang Yu 张瑜

1.古建筑是科学发展的标志，构成了中华民族古代文明的一部分。

Ancient architecture, as the symbol of scientific development, constitutes one part of ancient Chinese civilizations.--Zhang Yu (talk) 09:13, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Ancient architecture is the symbol of scientific development, which constitutes one part of the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation.--Yang Yue (talk) 13:59, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

2.在中国艺术史上，文学艺术与园林艺术相辅相成，彼此促进，交相辉映。

In the history of Chinese art, the arts of literature and garden mutually reinforce, promote and enhance each other's beauty.--Zhang Yu (talk) 09:13, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

3.北京颐和园作为中国现存规模最大、保存最完整的皇家园林,被誉为皇家园林博物馆。

The Summer Palace in Beijing, as the largest and the best-preserved imperial garden in China, was honored as the Museum of Imperial Gardens.--Zhang Yu (talk) 09:13, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Zhao Xi 赵茜

1.中国传统建筑艺术是中华传统文化中的一部分，在长期的历史发展过程中，尤其在儒家思想影响下，中国古代建筑逐步形成了自己的体系和特点。

Traditional Chinese architecture art is part of traditional Chinese culture. During the long-term cause of history development, especially under the influence of Confucianism, the ancient Chinese architecture gradually has formed its own systems and characteristics. --Zhao Xi (talk) 04:47, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Traditional Chinese architecture art is a part of traditional Chinese culture. During the long course of historical development, especially under the influence of Confucianism, the ancient Chinese architecture has gradually formed its own systems and characteristics.--Zeng Xinyuan (talk) 14:28, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国古典园林艺术是指以江南私家园林和北方皇家园林为代表的中国山水园林形式。

Classical Chinese garden art refers to the Chinese landscape garden form represented by Jiangnan's private garden and the northern royal garden.--Zhao Xi (talk) 04:47, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园，是中国清朝时期的皇家园林，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊，占地约290公顷，与圆明园毗邻，以昆明湖为基址，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法建成的一座大型山水园林。

The Summer Palace, formerly known as the Qing Dynasty Royal Garden, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, covering an area of about 290 hectares. It is a large landscape garden, adjacent to the Yuanmingyuan, with Kunming Lake as the base site, Hangzhou West Lake as the model, drawing on the design techniques of Jiangnan Garden.--Zhao Xi (talk) 04:47, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Zhao Xiaoyan 赵晓燕

1.中国不同地域其建筑艺术风格等各有差异，但其传统建筑的组群布局、空间、结构、建筑材料及装饰艺术等方面却有着共同的特点，区别于西方，享誉全球。

Different regions have different architectural styles in China, but their traditional buildings have common characteristics in terms of group layout, space, structure, building materials and decorative arts, which are different from the West and enjoy a worldwide reputation.--Zhao Xiaoyan (talk) 08:23, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Different regions of China have different architectural styles, but their traditional buildings have common characteristics in terms of group layout, space, structure, building materials and decorative arts, which are different from the West and enjoy a worldwide reputation.--Zhang Hui (talk) 08:30, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国传统园林集色、香、韵于一身，自古以来便给人们提供了一个休闲纳凉的好去处，对中国文化传承具有重要意义。

Traditional Chinese gardens combine color, fragrance and rhyme. Since ancient times, they have provided people with a good place to relax and enjoy the cool. It is of great significance to the inheritance of Chinese culture.--Zhao Xiaoyan (talk) 08:23, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese traditional gardens, integrating color, fragrance and charm, have provided people with a good place to relax and enjoy the cool since ancient times, which is of great significance to the inheritance of Chinese culture.--Zhang Hui (talk) 08:30, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园，中国清朝时期皇家园林，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊，距城区15公里，占地约290公顷（2.9平方千米），与圆明园毗邻。

The Summer Palace, an imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty in China, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the city, covering an area of about 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers), adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--Zhao Xiaoyan (talk) 08:23, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace, a Chinese imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty, formerly known as the Garden of Clear Ripples, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the city, covering an area of about 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers), adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--Zhang Hui (talk) 08:30, 5 November 2020 (UTC) The Summer Palace, an imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty in China, formerly Known as the Garden of Clear Ripples, is situated in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the city, covering an area of 290 hectares(2.9 square kilometers), adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--Zhang Peiwen (talk) 09:11, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Zhou Yiwen 周艺文

1.中国古代的匠师在建筑装饰中最敢于使用色彩也最善于使用色彩。这个特点是和中国建筑的木结构体系分不开的。因为木料不能经久，所以，中国建筑很早就采用在木材上涂漆和桐油的办法，以保护木质和加固木构件用榫卯结合的关接，同时增加美观，达到实用、坚固与美观相结合。

Ancient Chinese craftsmen were the most daring to use color and the best at using color in architectural decoration. This feature is inseparable from the wooden structure system of Chinese architecture. Because wood is not durable, Chinese architecture has long adopted the method of painting and tung oil on wood to protect the joints of wood and reinforced wood components with tenon-and-mortise joints, and at the same time increase aesthetics, to achieve a combination of practicality, solidity and beauty.

2.拙政园位于苏州城东北隅，截至2014年，仍是苏州存在的最大的古典园林，占地78亩（约合5.2公顷）。全园以水为中心，山水萦绕，厅榭精美，花木繁茂，具有浓郁的江南水乡特色。

The Humble Administrator's Garden is located in the northeast corner of Suzhou City. As of 2014, it is still the largest classical garden in Suzhou, covering an area of 78 mu (approximately 5.2 hectares). The whole park is centered on water, surrounded by mountains and rivers, exquisite halls and pavilions, luxuriant flowers and trees, with strong characteristics of Jiangnan water town.

3.1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。

On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, and the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator’s Garden, and Lingering Garden were also called China’s four famous gardens. It was included in the "World Heritage List" in November 1998.

4.1906年， 慈禧太后下禁缠足令，开中国解放妇女之先河。

In 1906, the Empress Dowager Cixi issued a foot-binding order, which was a precedent for the liberation of women in China.

Zhu Meimei 祝美梅

7月16日至30日，在四川美术学院美术馆展出的《“见微知著方寸之间”中国建筑艺术之美》展览让人印象深刻。中国唐宋明清时期建筑的绝代风华，梁思成、陈从周等建筑大师的心血之作尽收眼底。

From July 16th to 30th, the exhibition " From 'pars pro toto' to See the Beauty of Chinese Architectural Art" at the Art Museum of Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts was impressive. We can appreciate the unparalleled beauty of architectures in China's Tang, Song, Ming and Qing dynasties, and the painstaking works of architects such as Liang Sicheng and Chen Congzhou.

中国人建造园林有两千多年的历史，在漫长的时间里，形成了皇家园林、寺观园林、私家园林三足鼎立的格局。 Chinese garden building history is more than two thousand years. Over a long period of time, three pillars which are imperial gardens, temple gardens, and private gardens have been formed. Chinese garden building has a long history of over 2000 years, during which a tripartite structure of royal gardens, temple gardens and private gardens has been formed.--Hu Jin (talk) 03:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园坐落在北京西郊,主要由昆明湖和万寿山两部分组成,占地面积约290公顷。它既是一座极具江南风情的大型山水园林,又是我国保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑,1998年被列入《世界遗产名录》。 The Summer Palace is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, mainly composed of Kunming Lake and Longevity Mountain, covering an area of about 290 hectares. It is not only a large-scale landscape garden with great Jiangnan characteristics, but also the most intactly preserved imperial palace garden in my country. It was included in the "World Heritage List" in 1998.--Zhumeimei (talk) 07:44, 5 November 2020 (UTC)