20221231 LangCult 2

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The ancient architecture culture in Shanxi

关娜Guan Na, 202270081634

Abstract

Shanxi is acclaimed as "Museum of Ancient China Architecture," because of many well-preserved ancient architectures seen in this place. Bearing ancestors’ wisdom and emotion, these buildings habour certain historical and cultural values. In addition, in these ancient buildings, auspicious patterns can be seen everywhere and different patterns represent different cultural meanings. This paper will show some auspicious patterns in ancient architectures in Shanxi and analyze the cultural connotations behind them.

Chinese "Hot Water" Culture

郝天钰，Hao Tianyu, 202270081685

Abstract

When a girl gets sick, the most common words she will hear is "to drink more hot water"; When you see an Asian drinking hot water in foreign country, you can quickly determine that it is a Chinese person. Whether the older or younger generation in China, "hot water" seems to be a panacea for all diseases. "Drinking hot water" has long been deeply rooted in the hearts of every Chinese person, becoming one of the most representative Chinese culture.

202270081704 何茉 He Mo 日语笔译（Japanese translation）

Tradition of group dances outside for elder people

何茉 He Mo，202270081704

Abstract

In public places of China, it is common to see a group of elderly people dancing. This dance is called square dance.In the context of vigorous advocacy of national fitness by Chinese government,square dance, as a kind of recreational fitness dance with wide participation, is popular among elder people.This paper mainly analyzes the origin ,development and types of square dance for the elderly.

Key Words

group dances;square dances;fitness function

Introduction

In China，the group dances outside for elder people are usually called square dances。Square dance is organized in public places by the masses on their own initiative, and the participants are mostly middle-aged and elderly people, among whom there are mostly older women. Square dance is a dance created by non-professional dancers and belonging to the general public。Because of the different nationalities, regions, and groups, so the forms of square dances are also different.

Origin

If we trace the history of dance, we will find that most of dances in the primitive period were group dances, such as the image of dances on the "the painted pottery basin of dancing" excavated in Daitong County, Qinghai Province, which is the "primitive-type square dance" of early humans. Also，the folk dances that have survived through history are basically group dances with different purposes and motives. [1] The earliest group dances were regarded as an important part of religious rituals and were regarded as a primitive religious cultural symbol. With the establishment of Rite and Music System in the Zhou Dynasty, group dances were given a political function. In the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang re-established Rite and Music System and set up "Yuefu". As an official institution to collect and compile folk music in the folk, "Yuefu" opened the channel between folk music and court music, so that the political function of group dances began to shift to entertainment function.[2]

Development

After the 20th century, there were several booms of group dances in China.In 1938, in order to meet the needs of the situation in the war , the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China planned to lead the literary and artistic activities. In 1942, Chairman Mao rectified the unhealthy tendency of Yan'an's literature and arts, which set off a boom of Yangko dances. During the Cultural Revolution, as the public's personal admiration for Chairman Mao reached a climax, people across the country danced Loyalty dances. In a square or a parade line to show their heartfelt devotion to the leader.[3]After the Economic Reform And Open Up,group dances became the embodiment of Chinese people's search for spiritual liberation. At that time，indoor group dances such as social dances and disco dances were sought after by the general public.In the 1990s, with the decline of ballrooms and the construction of squares in many cities, many former social dancers or disco enthusiasts began to turn to squares. In 1995, the State Council promulgated the "National Fitness Program Outline", which gradually promoted the boom of national fitness. The fitness function of square dance is becoming more and more prominent, and more elder people choose to use it as a way to enrich their personal life. In the 21st century, with the development and promotion of the new rural construction movement,square dance gradually spread from urban to rural areas. By now,square dance has become a symbol of popular culture, showing its strong vitality.[4]

Types

Nowadays, group dances outside for elder people generally refers to square dances. The main characteristics of square dances are collective, self-entertainment, spontaneous and random,and it has developed into many types. In terms of the form of expression, square dances can be divided into five types: the first is the primitive square dance, which is an ancient folk dance form that has not been eroded by "modern culture" and is the closest to the natural geographical environment with a strong local flavor.The second is the innovative modern square dance, which is innovative on the basis of the primitive dance and folk dance with a shorter history. The third is the tap square dance, which is a form of square dance improved on the basis of tap dance,and can effectively exercise the knee and ankle joints of the elderly. The fourth is the stepping square dance, which comes from the ancient stepping dance, and inherited the main features of the stepping dance that dancers need step out in an orderly manner with the clear,soothing and soft rhythm of music. The fifth is the impromptu square dance, which is a kind of free dance that everyone can dance as long as there is music without any restrictions such as time, space, theme, meaning and so on , so this kind of dance adapt to a wide range of people,and may be the true sense of the national fitness dance.[5]

Conclusion

China has the tradition of group dances since ancient times, and it can be said to be the origin of modern square dance.Group dances were mainly for rituals before the Zhou Dynasty.With the change of times. group dances has a function of entertainment. After the 20th century, there were several booms of group dances in China such as the booms of Yangko dance,loyalty dance and social dance.However, it was not until the Economic Reform And Open Up that square dance began to emerge.Especially in the 21st century, with the construction of cities and the growing demands for spiritual culture,square dance has rapidly spread and developed. Because it can both exercise the body and relieve loneliness, it is quite popular among the elderly groups, and has developed into many different types.

Reference

[1]Shi Hong史红.广场舞:正·别·思[Positivie Factor,Distinctive Factor and Ponder about Square Dancing][J].都市文化研究Urban Cultural Studies,2021(02):352-364. [2]Zhu Qing朱青. 论西汉皇室舞人的舞蹈艺术[A Study of the Dance Art of the Imperial Family Dancers in the Western Han Dynasty][D].Shanxi Normal Universty陕西师范大学,2010. [3]Yang Tao杨陶. 我国广场舞的历史演变及发展策略研究[Research on the Historical Evolution and Development Strategy of Chinese Square Dance][D].Shanxi Normal Universty陕西师范大学,2016. [4]Yang Jun,Chen Dongmei杨君,陈冬梅.广场舞的演变历史与城市大众文化属性分析[The History of Public Square Dancing and the Attribute Analysis of Urban Mass Culture[J].城市观察Urban Insight,2021,No.75(05):147-153. [5]Deng Xiaodong邓晓东.广场舞发展进程中的分类研究[On Classifications of Square Dance][J].体育科技文献通报Bulletin of Sport and Technology,2014,22(04):89-90.

Terms and Expressions

the painted pottery basin of dancing 舞蹈彩陶盆 Rite and Music System 礼乐制度 Yuefu 乐府 Yangko dance 秧歌舞 Loyalty dance 忠字舞 the Economic Reform And Open Up 改革开放 primitive square dance原生态广场舞 innovative modern square dance创新现代广场舞 tap square dance踢踏广场舞 stepping square dance 踏歌广场舞 impromptu square dance即兴广场舞

Questions

What was the function of the earliest group dances？ A.entertainment function B.fitness function C.political function D.religious function 2.When did group dance begin to have a political function？ A.In the Zhou Dynasty B.In the Xia Dynasty C.In the Han Dynasty D.In the Qin Dynasty 3.Which of the following booms of group dances were set off during the 20th century？（multi choice question） A.the boom of Yangko dances B.the boom of Loyalty dances C.the boom of social dances D.the boom of folk dances 4.Which of the following belong to the types of square dance?（multi choice question） A.stepping square dance B.tap square dance C.primitive square dance D.impromptu square dance

Answers

1.D 2.A 3.ABC 4.ABCD

202270081708 贺沛 He Pei 朝鲜语笔译(Korean translation)

                                                                          Chinese Opera: Yue Opera

Abstract

 Yue Opera -- the second largest type of Chinese opera, known as the "second  national opera" , the "most popular local opera", and the "largest local opera" in China. It is also one of the five major types of Chinese opera (Peking Opera, Yue Opera, Huangmei Opera, Pingju and Yu Opera).

202270081686 侯永芬 Hou Yongfen 英语口译(English interpretation)

== The Popularity of Chinese Han Clothing(Hanfu) among Young People==

侯永芬,202270081686

Abstract

From the cultural performance into the public life, the integration of Hanfu and daily life is in a progressive state. Several years ago, Hanfu came into the public eyes and was performed on many occasions. In recent years, it is common to see young people wearing Hanfu to take photos. Especially during holidays and festivals, there are more people wearing Hanfu and the cultural atmosphere of these places are matched with the cultural connotation of Hanfu. This paper would briefly analyze the phenomenon of the revival of Hanfu.

202270081687 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi 英语口译(English interpretation)

Taboos in Chinese Culture

胡欣怡Hu Xinyi,202270081687

Abstract

Every culture has its own taboos, and Chinese culture is no exception. Taboos are the products of society and culture, and they appeared a long time ago in Chinese history. Generally, taboos mean "not allowed" or "forbidden". As a product of traditional society, taboos exist in every corner of life and affect our life. For example, taboos can be seen in people's names, digits, objects, people, festivals, etc. This thesis mainly introduces and analyzes the aspects above.

202270081688 黄安安 Huang Anan 英语口译(English interpretation)

Chinese Funeral Etiquette Culture

黄安安Huang Anan,202270081688

Abstract

As a country of etiquette with thousands of years of civilization, China has a well-developed system of rituals. An important part of this complete ritual system is the culture of funerals, which has always been valued by the nation. Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism have formed the official and unofficial body of culture in China for over two thousand years. Dynasties of feudal rulers have used Confucian culture to control the minds of readers and feudal officials. For the common people, however, they used the Buddhist theory of the afterlife or the Taoist idea of tranquility and inactivity to rule the people in a foolish manner. And in the ideological and theoretical systems of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, there was a special emphasis on the culture of death. As a consequence, a Chinese funerary culture was also derived.

202270081636 蒋正君 Jiang Zhengjun 英语笔译(English translation)

Modern Applications of Traditional Chinese Color

蒋正君Jiang Zhengjun, 202270081636

Abstract

Color exists everywhere in people’s life like air. Traditional Chinese color has its unique style and cultural characteristics, which are quite different from western color system. Traditional Chinese color not only has visual experience in aesthetics, but also contains profound cultural connotation. In this article, we will explore the formation and contents of traditional views of color in China, and further look into its modern applications in people’s life.

Key Words

Traditional Chinese color; film aesthetics; Chinese brand design; rail transit

摘要

色彩就像空气一样，在人们的生活中无处不在。不同于西方色彩体系，中国传统色彩有其独特风格和文化特征。中国传统色不仅具有审美的视觉体验，还蕴含着深厚的文化内涵。本文将探讨中国传统色彩观的形成及其内涵，并进一步挖掘其在现代生活中的应用。

关键词

中国传统色 电影美学 国货品牌设计 轨道交通

Introduction

As one of the earliest countries who know how to apply colors to production and life, China puts forward the five-element theory during the Warring States Period. People learn flowing colors through seasons, nature, production and life. Combining “meaning” and “image” together, traditional Chinse color went through from generation to generation. At the same time, they are applied to traditional Chinese cultures such as Chinese painting, architectures and handcrafts, embodying the spirits of Chinese culture, ultimately ending up with a system of traditional Chinese color. Nowadays, traditional Chinese color still remains a great significance to people’s modern life (Chen Xiaoye 2022, 119). Therefore, the rest parts of this article will proceeds as follows. The first part will discuss the formation and contents of color in China; the second part will talk about the modern applications of traditional color through Chinese films aesthetics, Chinese brand design and rail transit; the third part is to make a conclusion to this article.

The Formation and Contents of Traditional Views of Color in China

Different from the western color system, traditional Chinese color can not completely adapt to the western color theory, which reduces the complex color phenomenon to the basic elements under the guidance of Newton's optical thoughts, and analyzes people's perception and psychological reaction to color from quantitative indicators such as hue, lightness and purity. In the study of traditional Chinese color, we not only need to do classification in physical science, but also pay attention to the cultural attribute, humanistic connotation, national custom and the symbolic meaning behind it. Traditional Chinese color not only condenses the changes of color, fragrance, taste and shape in life which compose the movement of resonance between man and nature, but also integrates various thoughts such as universe, ethics and philosophy into color, becoming a unique emotional expression of the Chinese nation. The oriental color cognition and expression is self-contained and spread. The five elements theory affects Chinese culture profoundly. The view of five colors in China is derived from the five elements. "Earth" has the ability to grow all things, implying the color of center and yellow; "Wood" symbolizes plants, meaning spring, east and green; "Fire" has the property of heat, meaning summer, south and red; "Gold" can be used to make weapons, meaning autumn, west and white. "Water" has the property of cold, meaning winter, north and black. Thus, a colorful and orderly world of traditional colors has been created (Chen Xiaoye 2022, 119), (Zhang Kangfu 2017, 30-32).

Application of traditional Chinese color in film aesthetics

The aesthetics of the film is embodied in sensibility, based on the psychological activities of characters and starting from the perspective of the audience, so as to bring audience a new visual experience and subjective feelings (Zhu Yuerong 2015, 67). The film Shadow directed by Zhang Yimou has already made its world premiere at the Venice Film Festival. Different from his previous movies, its theme colors are black and white (Xu Yingtao 2014, 148-149), emphasizing the traditional color aesthetic style. The overall style is like an ink painting immersed in water, with aesthetic frame, wide scene, and different color. There is no exaggerated color design but gray-white performance mood. In this way, the movie expresses ink-staining effect and shows that human nature is not simply black or white (Huaguo Cui, Jang Dongyeu 2018,468). Therefore, reasonable color collocation and processing pay attention to the inner activities of the characterization, effectively rendering film atmosphere, thus shaping images of characters and adding great charm to film (Huaguo Cui, Jang Dongyeu 2018,466).

Application of traditional Chinese color in Chinese brand design

Looking for design inspiration from Chinese color allusions, Chinese brands use traditional Chinese colors to empower brand image, establish cultural consensus and emotional connection with consumers, promoting product sales. Take the White Rabbit （大白兔奶糖） as an example, which is a milk candy brand. In 1950s, it combined red and blue together. Having a strong recognition, it becomes a memory of a generation. In 2022, the Poetic Dance: The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting （《只此青绿》） on Spring Festival Gala, took the famous painting A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains （《千里江山图》） as its stage background. In this drama, dancers’ costumes were designed in traditional Chinese colors of mineral blue and mineral green. The magnificent beauty of the famous painting and the beautiful posture of dancers vividly showed the aesthetic characteristics of Song Dynasty. After going viral, the Poetic Dance also cooperated with a new domestic brand Zhuyeqing and entered into consumable industry. The packaging design of Jingxin gift box, owned by Zhuyeqing, takes inspiration from the color of dancers’ costumes, which helps the brand to build cultural background and keeps up with the cultural demands of consumers for domestic brands (Chen Xiaoye 2022, 121).

Application of traditional Chinese color in Rail Transit

China's rapid economic growth has brought great development to urban rail transit, which provides great convenience for urban residents ' daily travel (Xu Dan 2022, 13). Color application in visual guidance system of urban rail transit is based on people's cognition of color, and is an important method to convey subway guidance information. Taking the design of visual identification system of Shanghai rail transit as an example, the Shanghai Line 1 opened in May 1993 chose red as its identification color; Line 2, in 1997, used green as its color; Line 3 opened in 2000 bore yellow; Line 5, in 2003, had purplish red as its color; Line 4 embodied purple in 2005. In the following 13 years from 2007 to 2020, Line 6 to Line 18 were opened in succession, with colors of orange, blue and light blue, etc. As far as the huge Shanghai rail transit line system is concerned, the distinction and selection of the identification color of each line can not only realize its visual guiding role more conveniently, but also reflect the cultural heritage and national feelings of a city. By this way, rail transit skillfully integrates the elements of traditional Chinese color into people’s daily life (Xu Dan 2022, 14).

Conclusion

Traditional Chinese color not only has visual experience in aesthetics, but also contains profound cultural connotation. Understanding and applying traditional color correctly can enhance the national charm of Chinese design, harvest emotional resonance, and really rejuvenate the Chinese culture of oriental aesthetics and ancient wisdom.

References

Chen Xiaoye陈肖烨.(2022).传统色在国货品牌视觉形象设计中的应用. [Application of The Traditional Colors of China in Domestic Brand Design]. 绿色包装(11),119-122. Zhang Kangfu张康夫. (2017)色彩文化学[M]. 杭州: 浙江大学出版社, 2017.4:30-32. Huaguo Cui & Jang Dong-yeu.(2018).The Study of Traditional Color Aesthetics in Zhang Yimou's Films——Taking Shadow for Example..(eds.)Proceedings of 2018 7th International Conference on Social Science,Education and Humanities Research(SSEHR 2018)(pp.484-486).Francis Academic Press,UK. Zhu Yuerong. (2015).The Style of Color Aesthetics——Taking Zhang Yimou's Film as an Example [J].Journal of Research on Journalism (18): 67-67. Xu Yingtao. (2014).The Color Aesthetics in Zhang Yimou's Movie Qiuju Lawsuit [J]. Journal of Films and Literature, No.600 (3):148-149. Xu Dan徐丹.(2022).轨道交通为载体的传统色彩传承与创新应用研究. [Research on the Inheritance and Innovative Application of Traditional Color based on Rail Transit]. 美与时代(上)(07),13-17.

Terms and Expressions

Meaning意 Image象 Warring States Period战国时期 Newton牛顿 Hue色相 Lightness明度 Purity纯度 Five elements theory五行学说 The view of five colors五色观 Earth土 Wood木 Fire火 Gold金 Water水 Shadow《影》 Zhang Yimou张艺谋 Venice Film Festival威尼斯电影节 White Rabbit大白兔奶糖 Poetic Dance: The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting《只此青绿》 A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains《千里江山图》 Mineral blue石青 Mineral green石绿 Zhuyeqing竹叶青 Jingxin gift box静心礼盒

Questions

1. When did China put forward the five-element theory? A. Warring States Period B. Qin Dynasty C. Spring and Autumn Period D. Tang Dynasty 2. What color does the element "Water" symbolize? A. white B. red C. gray D. black 3. What are the brand colors for White Rabbit in 1950s? A. white and red B. white and blue C. red and blue D. blue and green 4. What is the stage background of the Poetic Dance: The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting （《只此青绿》）? A.Nymph of the Luo River （《洛神赋图》）B. A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains （《千里江山图》）C. Along the River During the Qingming Festival （《清明上河图》）D. Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains （《富春山居图》）

Answers

Correct answers are: 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B