Report CN EN 14
Hu Xinyi
卷五：3.蛟龙探海
蛟龙探海 Jiaolong Exploring the Sea
中国’’蛟龙号’’挑战深海（节选）
China's Jiaolong Challenges the Deep Sea (Excerpt)
ー、吹响深海集结号
Sound the Deep Sea Assembly
寒风凛冽,雪花纷飞。那是北京多年来少有的一场大雪啊!
The cold wind is bitter and the snow is flying. It is one of the few years in Beijing a heavy snow!
2001年12月7日,冰雪封堵了路面,交通大面积瘫痪,整个城区的大街小巷似乎都成了阡陌相连的停车场,北京市政府为此破天荒地发出了一号扫雪令。大雪、 周末、堵车,让市民出行成了一个“艰难的旅程”。当天,路边伸手招车的人不计其数,可路过的出租车全数爆满;偶有靠站的大公共,乘客蜂拥而上,没有半小时工夫关不了门……
On December 7, 2001, ice and snow blocked the road, and traffic was paralyzed in a large area. The streets and alleys of the whole urban area seemed to have become parking lots connected by footpaths. For this reason, the Beijing Municipal Government issued the No.1 Snow Sweeping Order. Heavy snow, weekends, traffic jams, so that citizens travel has become a "difficult journey." On the same day, there were countless people on the roadside who reached out to hire cars, and all the taxis passing by were full;
位于京城海淀区的北京友谊宾馆会议室,却洋溢着一片春天般的温馨和活力。 科技部高新技术司、国家“863计划”自动化领域组正在这里召开竞聘“7000米载 人潜水器”总体组成员会议。总体组相当于整个专项的龙头,负责组织调度研发的计划、进度、技术上总体协调等等,说白了,它就是ー场大战的前沿指挥部。只有首先选聘好了总体组,确定好了作战方案,各个“战场”才能相应展开。
The Beijing Friendship Hotel conference room, located in Haidian District, Beijing, is filled with a spring-like warmth and vitality. The High-tech Department of the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Automation Field Group of the National "863 Plan" are holding a meeting here to compete for the members of the overall group of "7000m Human-carrying Submersible Vehicle." The overall group is equivalent to the leader of the whole special project, responsible for organizing the planning, progress, technical overall coordination, etc. of dispatching research and development. To put it bluntly, it is the frontier headquarters of the battle. Only when the overall team is selected and the operational plan is determined first can the various "battlefields" be carried out accordingly.
全国相关单位一海洋局,大洋协会办公室,中船重工集团702所、701所,中 科院声学所、沈阳自动化所等代表济济一堂。科技部高新技术司冯纪春司长主持会议,他首先做了热情洋溢的开场白:“今天外面雪花飘飘,是个好兆头,瑞雪兆丰 年嘛!我们等于在这里摆下ー个擂台,各路豪杰把你们各自的优势亮出来,让评委们好好选ー选……”
Representatives from relevant units of the country, such as the Oceanic Administration, the Office of the Ocean Association, the 702 and 701 institutes of China Shipbuilding Heavy Industry Group, the Institute of Acoustics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Shenyang Institute of Automation, gathered together. Mr. Feng Jichun, Director of the High-tech Department of the Ministry of Science and Technology, presided over the meeting. He first made an enthusiastic opening speech: "Today's snowflakes are fluttering outside, which is a good omen. A auspicious snow heralds a bumper year! We are equal to setting up a challenge arena here. Heroes of all walks of life will show your respective advantages and let the judges choose well."
这是一个全新的组织形式一过去研制新装备,往往是某个研究所行为,力量有限,也不是专为用户来办的,而此次科技部决心突破体制,设立一个机构统领,主 导这个项目。总体组应运而生。而一直为海洋装备奔走的中国大洋协会,理所当 然地被推上了前沿。作为大洋办主任助理兼项目管理处长的刘峰,责无旁贷。
this is a brand-new form of organization--in the past, the research and development of new equipment was often the behavior of a certain research institute with limited strength, and it was not done specifically for users. but this time, the ministry of science and technology is determined to break through the system and set up an organization to lead and guide this project. The overall group arises at the historic moment. and the china ocean association, which has been working for marine equipment, has been pushed to the forefront. As the assistant director of the Ocean Office and the director of the project management, Liu Feng is duty-bound.
几位竞聘者陈述过后,冯纪春司长宣布:“现在请大洋办的刘峰做应聘报告。”
After several competitors statement, director Feng Jichun announced: "Now please do apply for the report of the ocean office of Liu Feng."
刘峰应声而起,走上前台,向大家鞠了一躬,朗声说道:“各位评委、各位领导, 上午好!我的陈述报告分三大部分,一是个人简历,二是对863重大专项计划的认识,三是参加重大专项总体组工作的初步设想。下面我结合幻灯片汇报……”说着,他将早已制作好的PPT应聘材料播放在大屏幕上。材料翔实而生动。
"Good morning, judges and leaders," said Liu Feng, bowing to everyone,"my presentation is divided into three parts, one is my resume, the second is the understanding of the 863 major special project, and the third is the preliminary idea of participating in the work of the overall group of major special projects. "I'm going to have to go to the bathroom," he said,"and I'm going to have to go to the bathroom. The materials are informative and vivid.
作为大洋协会项目管理处长,他参与组织制订了有关规划,使协会的海上勘 探、技术发展、环境研究、船舶建设等项目得以协调发展;在国家863重点项目一6000米自治水下机器人研发中,他任总体组成员,具体负责制订深海环境下的技 术要求,船上收放设备与机器人衔接;更为重要的是,他曾组织专家提出了深海载人潜水器需求论证报告……
As COMRA Project Management Director, he participated in the organization's development of plans to coordinate COMRA's marine exploration, technology development, environmental research, ship construction and other projects;
最后,他清了清嗓子提高声音说:“作为总体组成员,我的初步设想是:ー、形势 紧迫,时不我待。世界正在进行蓝色圈地运动,我们中国人不能当看客。目前结核 富矿区已被瓜分完毕,国际海底管理局正在制订海底硫化物、海底富钻结壳规定, 但我们苦于没有手段,无法进行详细调查。二、条件具备,加速发展。我国在深海运载器技术领域已经具有一定基础,可以再接再厉。现在有了明确的用户需求和业主支持,我们大洋协会基本方针就是‘持续开展深海勘查,大力发展深海技术,适时建立深海产业’,要求在‘十五’期间研制出能实用的载人深海运载器。应该说, 万事俱备,只欠东风。如果我应聘成功,一定在上级机关的有力领导下,团结各个 单位科研人员,克服各种困难,圆满完成这项任务,为我国的深潜事业、为大洋开发做出应有的贡献。我的陈述到此结束,谢谢各位评委和领导!”
Finally, he cleared his throat and raised his voice, saying,"As a member of the general team, my preliminary idea is: the situation is urgent, and time waits for no man. The world is carrying out the blue enclosure movement, we Chinese people can not be spectators. At present, the nodule-rich areas have been divided up, and the International Seabed Authority is formulating regulations on seabed sulfides and seabed drill-rich crusts. However, we suffer from lack of means to conduct detailed investigations. Second, the conditions are met to accelerate development. China already has a certain foundation in the field of deep-sea launch vehicle technology and can make persistent efforts. Now with clear user needs and owner support, the basic policy of COMRA is to 'continue to carry out deep-sea exploration, vigorously develop deep-sea technology, and establish deep-sea industry in due course'. It is required to develop practical manned deep-sea vehicles during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period. It should be said that everything is ready, only the east wind. If I am successful in applying for the job, I will unite the scientific research personnel of various units under the strong leadership of the higher authorities, overcome various difficulties, successfully complete this task, and make due contributions to China's deep diving cause and ocean development. Thank you for your kind words, and thank you very much."
“哗——”他的话音刚落,立时响起一片热烈的掌声。
"Oh," his voice just fell, and there was a warm applause.
与会专家学者领导们,对刘峰的应聘报告印象深刻、十分满意,认为有观点、有思路、有例证、有信心,看得出来,他做了充分的准备,既熟悉研发7000米载人潜水器的来龙去脉,又具有高度的献身祖国深海开发的责任感和事业心。当所有应聘人员陈述完毕,评委们开始了紧张的评判工作。晚餐时间到了,他们还在激烈地讨论。
The leaders of experts and scholars attending the meeting were deeply impressed and satisfied with Liu Feng's application report. They believed that he had opinions, ideas, examples and confidence. It can be seen that he had made full preparations. He was familiar with the ins and outs of the research and development of 7,000-meter manned submersibles, and had a high degree of dedication to the deep sea development of the motherland. Sense of responsibility and dedication. When all the candidates finished their presentations, the judges began their intense evaluation work. It was time for dinner, and they were still having a heated discussion.
经过严格科学、公开公正的选拔程序,评委会从有利于全局出发,综合考虑各个方面的因素,确定了总体组成员名单:刘峰（大洋协会主任助理、项目管理处处长、教授级高工）、徐芑南（中船重工702所研究员）、万正权（中船重工702所副所长、研究员,后改为崔维成,702所所长、研究员）、吴崇建（中船重工701所所长、研究员）、张艾群（中科院沈阳自动化研究所研究员）、朱维庆（中科院声学研究所研究员）。刘峰为总体组组长。
After strict, scientific, open and fair selection procedures, the Jury, proceeding from the overall situation and considering all factors comprehensively, determined the list of members of the overall group: Liu Feng (Assistant Director of COMRA, Director of Project Management Division, Professor Senior Engineer), Xu Qinan (Researcher of 702 Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry), Wan Zhengquan (Deputy Director and Researcher of 702 Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry, later changed to Cui Weicheng, Director and Researcher of 702 Institute), Wu Chongjian (Director and Researcher of 701 Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry), Zhang Aiqun (Researcher of Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Zhu Weiqing (Researcher of Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences). Liu Feng is the overall team leader.
那天晚上,虽说飘飞了一天的大雪停止了,天气转晴,但温度极低,尚未清扫干 净的马路上冻结了一道道车辙印,人来车往都像个小脚女人似的,小心翼翼还免不了东滑西斜。刘峰好不容易回到家里,已经是深夜12点多了,可他没有一丝一毫的倦意,一直沉浸在兴奋与激动之中。他明白:使命光荣,责任重大!开弓没有回头箭。从小喜欢唐诗宋词的刘峰,反复默念着王昌龄的那首绝句:“青海长云暗雪山,孤城遥望玉门关。黄沙百战穿金甲,不破楼兰终不还。”心中充满了迎接挑战和机遇的豪情
That night, although the snow that had been flying for a day had stopped, and the weather had cleared up, the temperature was extrem ely low, and the road that had not yet been cleaned and dried was frozen with ruts. People came and went like a woman with small feet, and it was inevitable to slide east and west with caution. Liu Feng finally returned home, it was already more than 12 o 'clock late at night, but he did not have a trace of tiredness, has been immersed in excitement and excitement. He understood that the mission is glorious and the responsibility is great! There is no turning back. Liu Feng, who liked Tang poetry and Song poetry since childhood, repeated the quatrain of Wang Changling: "Qinghai Changyun Dark Snow Mountain, Gucheng overlooking the Yumen Pass. "I'm not going to be able to do that," he said,"but I'm not going to do that."
犹如一部大型电视连续剧,围绕组织实施这个国家重大专项,国家海洋局、大洋协会办公室,特别是以刘峰为组长的总体组全力以赴,一幕紧接一幕,ー环紧扣 ー环地铺展开来。首当其冲的是研讨通过《7000米载人潜水器总体方案论证报告》。
Just like a large-scale TV series, around the organization and implementation of this major national special project, the State Oceanic Administration, the Office of COMRA, especially the overall team headed by Liu Feng, went all out, one scene after another, and spread out in a tight circle. The first thing to bear the brunt is to discuss and pass the "Demonstration Report on the Overall Scheme of 7,000-meter Manned Submersible."
事实上,这项工作早在动议研发大深度载人潜水器之时,已经启动了。前面说过,中船重工702研究所曾提交过类似报告,只不过未能得到落实。如今有了大洋协会这个用户,柳暗花明又一村,列为国家“863计划”重大专项。不用说,这个报告的起草工作又落在了中船重工702所头上。主要领军人物一吴有生和徐秉汉,是中船重工702研究所的两位工程院院士,也是最先呼吁研发中国载人深潜器的科学家之一。
In fact, this work has been started as early as the development of deep manned submersibles. As mentioned earlier, the 702 Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry has submitted a similar report, but it has not been implemented. Now with COMRA this user, the willows are bright and the village is listed as a national "863 plan" major projects. Needless to say, the drafting of this report fell on the 702 Institute of China Shipbuilding Heavy Industry. The leading figures, Wu Yousheng and Xu Binghan, are two academicians of the Academy of Engineering of the 702 Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Heavy Industry and one of the first scientists to call for the development of China's manned submersible.
生于1942年的吴有生,是浙江省峡州市人。1968年他从清华大学工程力学系研究生毕业,被分配到中国船舶科学研究中心（702所前身）结构力学实验室工作。虽说处在风云动荡的年代,吴有生像许多胸怀大志的科学家一样,丝毫没有沉沦, 而是利用一切机会学习、实践。20世纪80年代初,国际上享有盛誉的二维水弹性力学理论创始人、英国伦敦大学的比绍帕教授应邀前来讲学,惊奇地发现吴有生的研究水平已经很高了。爱才心切,当得知吴有生即将赴美进修时,立即建议他改往英国学习,并愿意帮助解决一切手续和学习费用。
Wu Yousheng, born in 1942, is a native of Xiazhou City, Zhejiang Province. In 1968, he graduated from the Department of Engineering Mechanics of Tsinghua University and was assigned to work in the Structural Mechanics Laboratory of China Ship Research Center (the predecessor of Institute 702). Although in the turbulent times, Wu Yousheng, like many aspiring scientists, did not sink in the slightest, but used every opportunity to learn and practice. At the beginning of 1980s, Professor Bissau Pa of London University, the internationally renowned founder of two-dimensional hydroelasticity theory, was invited to give lectures. He was surprised to find that Wu Yousheng's research level was already very high. he was eager for talent. when he learned that wu yousheng was about to go to the united states for further study, he immediately suggested that he study in britain and was willing to help solve all the formalities and study expenses.
1981年6月,吴有生到达伦敦,决心要在这优越的条件下实现学术上的超越。他每天工作十几个小时,没有星期天、节假日。当他终于把自己的第一批研究成果 交给导师比绍帕时,导师感到由衷的高兴。面对打印好的、凝结着三年心血的厚厚 博士论文稿,面对那张外国人习惯给亲人或父母献词的扉页,吴有生感慨万千,沉 思片刻,郑重地用英文打上了久藏心底的一句话:“献给我的祖国!”
In June 1981, Wu Yousheng arrived in London, determined to achieve academic transcendence under this superior condition. He works more than ten hours a day, no Sunday, holidays. When he finally handed over his first batch of research results to his mentor Bissau Pa, his mentor felt heartfelt joy. In the face of the printed, condensed with three years of painstaking efforts of the thick doctoral thesis manuscript, in the face of the foreigners used to give their relatives or parents dedication of the title page, Wu Yousheng was filled with emotion, thought for a moment, solemnly in English on the long hidden heart of a sentence: "To my motherland!"
1984年10月,英国伦敦布鲁纳尔大学,博士论文答辩正在进行中。
In October 1984, Brunel University, London, England, the doctoral thesis defense was in progress.
“我注意到了,您这儿写的’献给我的祖国’,而不是一个以大写字母开头的人名,是吗?”答辩委员会主席雷诺斯教授看着吴有生博士论文扉页上的一行英文字, 亲切地问道。
"I have noticed that you have written here 'to my motherland' instead of a name that begins with a capital letter, right?" Professor Reynolds, chairman of the Defense Committee, looked at the English words on the title page of Wu Yousheng's doctoral thesis and asked affectionately.
“是的。”吴有生掷地有声地回答。
"Yes," he said.
“那你打算留在英国吗?这里有很好的研究和生活条件啊!”另一位答辩委员会成员史密斯博士试探着问。
"Are you going to stay in England? There are good conditions for research and living here!" asked Dr. Smith, another member of the Defense Committee.
“我感谢校方和老师们的厚爱。但祖国需要我,在国内,我还有许多没有做完的研究。”吴有生礼貌地回答。
"I thank the school and the teachers for their love. But the motherland needs me, and at home, I still have a lot of unfinished research."Wu Yousheng replied politely.
“您的祖国会为您感到骄傲的!”也许是被眼前这名年轻学子的拳拳爱国之心深深打动了,雷诺斯教授主动站起来与吴有生握手致意。
"Your motherland will be proud of you!" Perhaps the young student was deeply moved by the patriotic heart of boxing, Professor Reynolds took the initiative to stand up and shake hands with Wu Yousheng.
他的导师比绍帕教授对吴有生的离开深感惋惜,但也深深理解他的心情,专门给702所所长写了一封热情洋溢的信。“我们即将失去吴有生,而你们却将重新得 到他。当你看到他的论文的时候,你会发现这简直是一篇杰作,它表明吴有生是水弹性力学与船舶力学的一流专家。”
His mentor, Professor Biscopa, deeply regretted Wu Yousheng's departure, but also deeply understood his mood and wrote an enthusiastic letter to the director of the 702 Institute. "We are going to lose Wu Yousheng, and you will get him again. When you look at his paper, you will find that it is a masterpiece, it shows that Wu Yousheng is a first-class expert in hydroelasticity and ship mechanics."
回国时,吴有生用省吃俭用攒下的120英镑,买了 6个当时在世界上最先进的 加速度传感器,送给702所做实验用。后来,在他的影响和带动下,我国终于有了一支颇有国际声望的水弹性力学研究队伍。1992年,吴有生出任中船重工702所 所长,1994年当选为首届中国工程院院士。在成功和盛誉面前,吴有生更加努力。 他书斋里那不灭的灯光,构成美丽的太湖岸边ー处别样的风景。
When he returned to China, Wu Yousheng used the 120 pounds saved by saving money to buy six of the most advanced acceleration sensors in the world at that time and gave them to the 702 Institute for experiments. Later, under his influence and drive, our country finally has a quite international reputation of hydroelasticity research team. In 1992, Wu Yousheng served as the director of 702 Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry and was elected as the first academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1994. In the face of success and reputation, Wu Yousheng worked harder. The eternal light in his study constitutes a beautiful scenery on the shore of Taihu Lake.
同样,徐秉汉也是这样一位优秀的科学家。他比吴有生大9岁。1933年8月21日出生在浙江省鄆县乡下ー个普通家庭里。徐家为其取名秉汉,就是希望他将来有出息,做一个堂堂正正的男子汉。不幸的是他幼年时父母亲双亡,依靠两个姐姐度过了童年的生活。
Similarly, Xu Binghan is also such an excellent scientist. He is nine years older than Wu Yousheng. Born on August 21,1933 in an ordinary family in the countryside of Yun County, Zhejiang Province. The Xu family named him Binghan, hoping that he would have a future and be a decent man. Unfortunately, his parents died when he was young, and he spent his childhood relying on his two sisters.
新中国的成立,才使这样的穷孩子有了上大学的机会。1955年,他在上海交通大学毕业后,被选送到苏联列宁格勒造船学院读研究生,并参加船舶结构力学教研组工作。他很快如鱼得水,在知识的海洋中遨游。徐秉汉常说:“少年时代的贫穷生活锻炼了我艰苦奋斗、努力向上的意志,在国外的那几年,则培养了我独立生活和独立研究问题的工作能力。”
With the founding of New China, such poor children have the opportunity to go to college. In 1955, after graduating from Shanghai Jiaotong University, he was sent to Leningrad Shipbuilding Institute of the Soviet Union to study as a graduate student and participated in the teaching and research group of ship structural mechanics. He soon like a duck to water, in the ocean of knowledge. Xu Binghan often said: "The poor life in my childhood has tempered my will to work hard and strive for progress. The years abroad have cultivated my ability to live independently and study problems independently."
1961年初春的一个夜晚,列宁格勒电台晚间新闻,报道了中国留学生徐秉汉全票通过答辩并获副博士学位的消息。老师和同学们向他表示祝贺,并请他留下来工作。徐秉汉的目光扫过攻读了四年半的房间,桌上一只中国帆船模型触动了他的神经,中国海洋史特有的辉煌和屈辱的历程,使他心潮起伏:船!造船!让我们在海上筑起坚不可摧的钢铁长城！
One night in the early spring of 1961, the evening news of Leningrad Radio reported that Xu Binghan, a Chinese student, passed the defense and won an associate doctor's degree. The teachers and classmates congratulated him and asked him to stay and work. Xu Binghan's eyes swept through the room where he had studied for four and a half years. A model of a Chinese sailing boat on the table touched his nerve. The glorious and humiliating course unique to China's maritime history made his heart surge: Ship! Shipbuilding! Let's build an indestructible steel wall on the sea!
回国后,徐秉汉被分配到国防部第七研究院从事流体力学和结构力学的研究, 经历了时代的风风雨雨,科技报国之志始终不渝。后又转任702所结构研究室主任,在我国潜艇发展中的几次重大试验中,做了许多开创性的工作。他所领导的研究课题分别获得国家二等奖1项、三等奖2项。1997年,已经67岁的徐秉汉当选为中国工程院院士。
After returning to China, Xu Binghan was assigned to the Seventh Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense to engage in the research of fluid mechanics and structural mechanics. He has experienced the ups and downs of the times, and his ambition to serve the country with science and technology has always been unswerving. Later, he was transferred to the director of the structural research office of the 702 Institute, and did a lot of pioneering work in several major experiments in the development of submarines in China. The research projects led by him won 1 national second prize and 2 third prizes respectively. In 1997, Xu Binghan, who was 67 years old, was elected academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
本来,随着中国海洋意识的增强,以及中国大洋矿产资源研究开发协会的成立,并且被联合国批准为第五个深海采矿的先驱投资者,承担了 30万平方千米洋底的探测任务。徐芑南参加的CV-01无人自主式潜水器进展顺利,以吴有生、徐秉汉两院士为代表的702所船舶专家们,看准了国家的需要,力主研发大深度载人潜水器。不料,由于时机不太成熟,只得到一句:“再等等看吧……”
Originally, with the enhancement of China's marine awareness and the establishment of the China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association, and approved by the United Nations as the fifth pioneer investor in deep-sea mining, it undertook the exploration mission of 300,000 square kilometers of ocean floor. Xu Qinan participated in the CV-01 unmanned autonomous submersible is progressing smoothly. The 702 ship experts represented by Academician Wu Yousheng and Academician Xu Binghan have seen the needs of the country and strongly advocated the development of a deep manned submersible. "It's not that bad," said the old man,"but it's not that bad."
这一等就等了将近十年。如今时来运转了,他们怎能不欣喜若狂、全力以赴呢?他们立即组织力量,详尽筹划,在大洋协会金建才、刘峰等人的组织协调下,整理出了一份严谨科学、便于操作的《7000米载人潜水器总体设计方案论证报告》。应该说,这就是日后的国宝一“蛟龙号”的胚胎,也是ー份值得保存在国家档案馆的“作战计划”。
This wait for nearly a decade. Now that luck has turned, how can they not be ecstatic and go all out? They immediately organized forces and made detailed plans. Under the organization and coordination of Jin Jiancai and Liu Feng of COMRA, they compiled a rigorous, scientific and easy-to-operate "Demonstration Report on the Overall Design Scheme of 7,000-meter Manned Submersible.". It should be said that this is the future national treasure "Jiaolong" embryo, but also a "battle plan" worthy of preservation in the National Archives.
7000米载人潜水器由载人潜水器本体和母船支持系统组成。
The 7000-meter manned submersible is composed of the manned submersible body and the mother ship support system.
潜水器本体包含潜水器总体性能集成、水动力系统、载体结构系统、重量调节系统、应急安全系统、动力源系统、液压系统、作业系统、控制系统、通讯定位系统、观察系统和生命支持系统等部分。由中船重工702所、701所,中科院声学所、沈阳自动化所等单位负责研制。
the submersible body comprise a submersible overall performance integration system, a hydrodynamic system, a carrier structure system, a weight adjustment system, an emergency safety system, a pow source system, a hydraulic system, an operation system, a control system, a communication positioning system, an observation system, a life support system and that like. By the heavy industry, 702, 701, institute of acoustics, Chinese academy of sciences, shenyang automation and other units responsible for the development.
母船支持系统由7000米载人潜水器的用户（中国大洋协会）负责保障。
The mother ship support system is supported by the 7000m manned submersible user (COMRA).
此外,报告还论证了美国、日本、法国等国家的同类型潜水器的技术特点,国际市场上的浮力材料、光学仪器、加工工艺等行情,指出借助国际深潜科学界的宝贵经验,坚持需求牵引、技术引进与自主开发相结合的原则,高起点、跨越式发展我国深海潜水器技术,切实可行,有信心也有能力在2005年研制出满足用户需要的载人潜水器。
In addition, the report also demonstrates the technical characteristics of similar submersibles in the United States, Japan, France and other countries, as well as the market conditions of buoyancy materials, optical instruments and processing technology in the international market. It points out that it is feasible to develop China's deep-sea submersible technology by leaps and bounds from a high starting point by relying on the valuable experience of the international deep-diving scientific community and adhering to the principle of combining demand traction, technology introduction and independent development. It is confident and capable of developing manned submersibles that meet the needs of users in 2005.
2001年12月23日,科技部高新技术司、“863计划”重大专项组在北京组织召开评审会,通过了《7000米载人潜水器总体设计方案论证报告》。这就等于签发了 中国大深度载人潜水器的准生证,ー场精心组织实施的深海潜水器大战拉开了序幕
On December 23,2001, the High-tech Department of the Ministry of Science and Technology and the "863 Plan" major project group organized a review meeting in Beijing, and passed the "Demonstration Report on the Overall Design Scheme of 7000m Manned Submersible." This is equivalent to the issuance of the Chinese large depth manned submersible permit, the field carefully organized and implemented by the deep sea submersible war began
二、退休“老帅”再出山 2. The veteran leader comes out of retirement
东方不亮西方亮。这是一句俗语,却十分形象地说明了我们赖以生存的地球的特性:一刻不停地自转和公转。当中国人还在紧张工作的大白日里,西半球上的美国则相差了13个小时,已是繁星满天,夜幕笼罩了。
There's more than one way to skin a cat. This is a common saying , but very vividly illustrates the characteristics of the earth on which we live: it it rotates and revolves around the sun constantly. While the Chinese are still working intensely in the daytime, the United States in the western hemisphere is 13 hours apart, and it is already starry and night.
2002年年初的一个晚上,忙碌了一天的人们正准备上床休息,一个来自中国的越洋电话打到美国某地。接电话的是一位老人,他的名字叫徐芑南。这就是本文多次提到的主人公之一,中船重工集团702研究所研究员。此时,他已经退休六年了,与老伴方之芬来到在美国定居的儿子家里安度晚年。可这一个电话,让他的生命之树绽开了新花
One night in early 2002, when people were getting ready to go to bed after a busy day, an overseas phone call from China came to somewhere in the United States. The person who answered the phone was an old man, his name was Xu Qinan. This is one of the protagonists mentioned many times in this article, a researcher at the 702 Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry Group. By this time, he had been retired for six years and had come to his son's house in the United States with his old wife Fang Zhifen to spend his old age in peace. But this one call made his tree of life bloom with new flowers.
中国工程院院士、曾任702所所长的吴有生教授在电话中告诉徐芑南:“老伙计,7000米载人潜水器立项了!我们想来想去,还是要请你出山,这个总设计师非你莫属!”
Professor Wu Yousheng, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a former director of the 702 Institute, told Xu Qinan by telephone: "Old chap, the 7000-meter manned submersible project has been approved! After much deliberation, we still want invite you to be the chief designer!"
“是吗?!太好了!”对徐芑南而言,潜水器是他永远割舍不下的情缘,在此之前,有缆的无缆的,无人的载人的,几乎所有种类的潜水器,他都做过。而做大深度载人潜水器,则是他多年的夙愿:“我一定参加。不过,我年龄大了,做个顾问就行了。”
"Really? That's great!" he said. For Xu Qinan, submersible is the passion he can't give up. Before this, he has done almost all kinds of research and development on submersibles,those with and without cables, unmanned and manned. Making a large deep-sea manned submersible has been his lifelong dream: "I will definitely participate. However, I am too old now, so being an advisor will suffice."
放下电话,徐芑南激动得在房间里走来走去,招呼妻子、儿子马上订机票,恨不得第二天就要回国。可家人们担心:这年他已经66岁了,而且身患心脏病、高血压、偏头痛等多种疾病,一只眼睛仅存光感。当初参加6000米水下机器人的海试归来,查出一天心脏早搏!600多次一是需要安心休养的时候了！
After hanging up the phone, Xu Qin'an paced back and forth excitedly in the room, telling his wife and son to book plane tickets immediately, wishing to return to his home country as soon as possible. His family members are worried: he is already 66 years old and suffers from various illnesses such as heart disease, high blood pressure, migraines, etc. He has only light perception in one eye. When he returned from the sea trial of the 6000-meter underwater robot, he was found to have premature ventricular contractions one day! With over 600 occurrences, it's time for him to rest. "
“盼了多年的项目终于通过了,是令人高兴,可你身体行吗?”妻子方之芬与他同在702所工作过,深知丈夫的心愿,更了解病痛对他的折磨,一时间处在了两难之中。
"The project that you have been waiting for many years has finally been approved, which is exciting, but how is your health?" His wife, Fang Zhifen, had worked with him at the 702 Institute and deeply understood her husband's wish. She also knew the torment that illness caused him and was now caught in a dilemma.
“爸,你就别逞强了。如果累坏了身体,自己受罪不说,还会影响项目进程。我们不同意你回去。”儿子、媳妇坚决表示反对。
"Dad, please don't push yourself too hard. If you get sick from overworking, not only will you suffer but it will also affect the project's progress. We disagree with you going back." The son and daughter-in-law expressed strong opposition.
徐芑南摆摆手,说:“你们啊,只知其一不知其二,我一思考潜水器,头就不痛了,血压也不高了。只要能为国家做好潜水器,我身上就感觉舒坦。”
Xu Qinan waved his hand and said, "You guys only know one side of it without knowing the other. As for me, when I think about the submersible, my headache goes away and my blood pressure doesn't rise. As long as I can make a good submersible for the country, I feel relieved."
一时间,谁也说服不了谁。
For a moment, no one could convince the other.
夜深人静,月亮升起来了,又大又圆。徐芑南夫妻俩一丝睡意也没有,还在你一言我一语悄声谈论着。方之芬毕业于华东理工学院,身上凝聚着科学家和家庭主妇的素养,这些年不但把家务全担当起来,还为丈夫的科研事业做了大量辅佐工作。大深度载人潜水器终于立项了,她同样欢欣鼓舞。只是丈夫的身体,令她充满了担忧！
Late at night, when the moon rose high and round, Xu Qinan and his wife remained wide awake, whispering to each other in hushed tones. Fang Zhifen graduated from East China University of Science and Technology with the qualities of both a scientist and a homemaker. Over the years, not only did she take care of all the household chores, but she also provided substantial assistance to her husband's research work. The deep-sea manned submersible project has finally been approved, and she shares the same excitement. However, her husband's health is causing her great concern.
“我知道这个机遇太重要了,不过……”方之芬欲言又止。她想起了曾为发展中国水下机器人奋斗过的蒋新松院士,正是在66岁那年积劳成疾突然离世的,如便在喉的话终于出口了:“芑南,今年你也是66岁了,而且身体又不好。虽说蒋院士身后得了很多荣誉,可我就是想要一个健康的你啊……”
"I know this opportunity is too important, but..." Fang Zhifen hesitated. She remembered Academician Jiang Xinsong, who had worked hard for the development of China's underwater robots and suddenly passed away due to overwork at the age of 66. The words finally came out of her mouth: "Qinan, you are also 66 years old this year, and your health is not good. Although Academician Jiang received many honors after his death, I just want a healthy you..."
刚说完这句,方之芬就后悔了,怎能“胡乱”联系呢?然而徐芑南非常理解相濡以沫半个世纪的妻子的心情,一句看似“不吉利”的话埋藏着多么深厚的爱啊!他拉过妻子的手,紧紧握着:“别担心,如果不让我参加,成天思虑这件事,可能更不利于身体。咱们把这个项目做好了,过世的新松老兄,还有许多前辈的在天之灵都会高兴的。再说,我不是有你吗！你就是我的幸运星啊!”
Just after she said it, Fang Zhifen regretted it. How could she have made such a hasty remark? However, Xu Qinan understood the feelings of his wife, who had been with him through thick and thin for half a century. A seemingly "inauspicious" comment contained such profound love! He took his wife's hand and held it tightly: "Don't worry. If I don't participate, thinking about it all day might be even worse for my health. If I do this project well, and our old friend Xin Song and many of our predecessors will be pleased. Besides, don't I have you? You are my lucky star!"
“你呀……”方之芬被丈夫的一席话打开了心结,脸色多云转晴了。 After hearing her husband's words, Fang Zhifen was relieved of her emotional burden by her husband's words, and her face brightened up.
徐芑南走到落地窗前,拉开厚厚的窗帘,一缕明亮的月光照进了卧室,感觉到犹如家乡伸来了一双热切的手。他回身向妻子点点头,又指了指窗外。方之芬会意地一笑,轻轻过来依偎在丈夫臂弯里。两人久久凝望着窗外的圆月,心儿已经回到了长江之畔、太湖之滨……
Xu Qinan walked to the floor-to-ceiling window, pulled back the thick curtains, and a bright moonlight shone into the bedroom, making him feel like a pair of eager hands from his hometown reached out to him. He nodded to his wife and pointed outside. Understandingly, Fang Zhifen smiled and gently snuggled up in her husband's arms. The two gazed at the full moon outside for a long time, their hearts already back on the banks of the Yangtze River and the shores of Taihu Lake..."
两天后,徐芑南和老伴说服儿子、媳妇帮助办好手续,放弃了安逸休闲的晚年生活,携手飞回国内,投身到7000米载人潜水器的研发与试验之中。
Two days later, Xu Qinan and his spouse convinced their son and daughter-in-law to help them handle the procedures. They gave up their comfortable retirement life and flew back to China together, immersing themselves in the research and testing of a manned submersible capable of diving 7000 meters deep.
按说,国家“863计划”对于一个项目的总设计师,是有年龄要求的:60岁以内的在职工程技术人员。徐芑南也做好了当顾问的准备,只要能参加这个项目就行。可是,大家分析来分析去,感到他最合适。做总师要有两个基本素质:一是业务全面;二是协调能力强。这些徐芑南都具备。
Generally speaking, the "863 Program " has age requirements for the chief designer of a project: an in-service engineering and technical personnel should be under the age of 60. Xu Qinan was ready to serve as a consultant as long as he could participate in the project. However, after analyzing it thoroughly, everyone felt that he was the most suitable candidate. Being a chief designer requires two fundamental qualities: comprehensive expertise and strong coordination ability, both of which Xu Qinan possesses.
负责组织攻关的总体组组长刘峰,早在20世纪90年代初,就通过研发无人自治式潜水器结识了徐芑南,深为他的学识人品所折服。7000米载人潜水器重大专项刚一获批,刘峰首先想到了这位老专家,力促其担任总设计师。可徐总工已退休多年,事情操作起来并不容易。求贤若渴的刘峰便直接给时任所长都焕秋打电话,甚至半开玩笑半认真地说:“你们要是不把徐总请出来,这个项目就不知花落谁家了!”
The overall group leader responsible for organizing the research and development is Liu Feng. As early as the early 1990s, through the R&D of unmanned autonomous underwater vehicles, he got to know Xu Qinan and was deeply impressed by his knowledge and personalities. When the 7000-meter manned submersible project was approved, Liu Feng immediately thought of this old expert and persuaded him to be the chief designer. However, Mr. Xu had been retired for many years, so it was not easy to make it happen. Liu Feng, who was eager to find talented people, directly called the director at the time, Dou Huanqiu, and even half-jokingly and half-seriously said: "If you don't invite Mr. Xu, I don't know who will get this project!"
“呵呵,你不用激将法,英雄所见略同,我们早就想到他了。” 果然,徐芑南答应“出山”后,中船重工702所和项目总体组联名向主管部门打报告,科技部领导慎重研究破格批准:聘任已经66岁的徐芑南为7000米载人潜水器总设计师。这一任职,就是整整十个春秋……
"You don't even need to provoke, great minds think alike, we had already thought of him earlier. Sure enough, after Xu Qinan agreed to 'come out of retirement', the 702 Institute of China Shipbuilding and the overall project team jointly reported to the competent authorities. After careful consideration by leaders at the Ministry of Science and Technology, they approved the appointment of Xu Qin'an, who is already 66 years old, as the chief designer of the manned submersible with a depth rating of 7,000 meters. This appointment lasted a full ten years..."
有人说,徐芑南的人生高度,几乎可以用中国深海潜水器的下潜深度来衡量:600米、1000米、3000米.6000米、7000米!可以说,中国载人深潜每前进一步都有他的杰出贡献,他的梦想随着潜水器的下潜,不断深入更蓝更深的海域。
Someone said that Xu Qiunan's life achievements can almost be measured by the depths of China's deep-sea submersibles: 600 meters, 1000 meters, 3000 meters, 6000 meters, and 7000 meters. It can be said that every step forward in China's manned deep-sea diving has his outstanding contributions, and his dreams dive deeper into bluer and deeper oceans with the submersibles.
是啊,世间能有多少这样厚重的人生呢?从风华正茂的少年到鬓发染霜的古稀老人,从普通的潜艇兵到世界级载人潜水器的总设计师,贯穿徐芑南整个人生旅程的只有一条主线一深潜!让祖国的潜水器潜入海底,去领略那充满奥秘的海底画卷,去探寻那无穷无尽的海底宝藏。
Indeed, how many people in the world have such a profound life journey? From a youthful and flourishing teenager to a silver-haired octogenarian, from an ordinary submariner to the chief designer of a world-class manned submersible, there is only one common thread that runs through Xu Qinan's entire life - deep-sea diving! He has led China's submersibles to dive into the depths of the ocean, to appreciate the mysterious underwater world and explore the infinite treasures lying beneath.
徐芑南是浙江宁波镇海人,1936年3月出生,正是“国破山河在,城春草木深”的年代。镇海地处甬江入海ロ一带,招宝山被称为“浙东第一山”,地势险要,为历代海防要地。鸦片战争时,钦差大臣裕谦监防督战,在此顽强地抵抗英国侵略军。最后,强敌攻破了镇海城防,裕谦投海殉国。这种有海无防、落后挨打的屈辱,深深印在徐芑南的心灵里,他从小立下了好好学习、将来科学报国的志向。
Xu Qinan was born in March 1936 in Zhenhai, Ningbo, Zhejiang province. Zhenhai is located in the Yuyao River estuary and is known for its strategic location as a coastal defense site throughout history. During the Opium War, the Qing Dynasty official Yuqian fought courageously against the British invasion in Zhenhai but eventually lost the battle and sacrificed himself by jumping into the sea. This humiliation of being defenseless and backward left a deep impression on Xu Qinan's mind since childhood.
1953年2月19日,毛泽东主席视察东海舰队“长江舰”,亲切接见年轻的水兵,合影留念,并挥笔写下了振奋人心的题词:“为了反对帝国主义的侵略,我们一定要建立强大的海军!”这年,刚满17岁的徐芑南正巧从上海南洋模范中学毕业,深受鼓舞,更加坚定了为保卫海疆当一名造船工程师的理想。他如愿考入了上海交通大学船舶系。
On February 19th, 1953, President Mao Zedong inspected the "Changjiang Ship" of the East Sea Fleet, warmly greeted young sailors, took a group photo and wrote an inspiring inscription: "To oppose imperialist aggression, we must establish a strong navy!" That year, Xu Qinan, who had just turned 17 and graduated from Shanghai Nanyang Model High School, was deeply inspired and became even more determined to become a shipbuilding engineer to defend the sea frontier. He was admitted to the Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University as he had wished.
四年半的大学生活,使徐芑南打下了扎实的理论功底。毕业时,他填报的分配志愿是船舶设计所或造船厂,一心想亲手为国家造大船。不料,却被分配到了中国船舶科学研究中心（702所前身）,他以为只是研究单位,找到管分配的老师想换一换。老师说:“研究也要设计,人家想去还去不了呢!你去了就知道了。”
During his four and a half years of university life, Xu Qinan has laid a solid theoretical foundation. Upon graduation, he applied to be assigned to a ship design institute or shipyard, hoping to help build large ships for the country. Unexpectedly, he was assigned to the China Shipbuilding Scientific Research Center (formerly known as the 702nd Institute), which he thought was only a research unit. He tried to change his assignment with the teacher in charge, but the teacher replied, "Research also involves design, and even if someone wants to go there, they can't. You will know when you get there."
“是吗,那我服从分配。”当时,我国海军建设和国防科研事业发展迅速,但基础薄弱、技术缺乏,急需科技攻关。来到船舶研究所后,徐芑南被派去做潜艇试验。本来他的毕业设计是“水面舰船”,这一下要改变方向了,可想到国家的需要,徐芑南毫无二话,由此他的事业就从水上潜入了水下。
"Is that so? Then I will comply with the assignment." At that time, China's naval construction and national defense scientific research were developing rapidly, but the foundation was weak and the technology was lacking, urgently needing scientific and technological breakthroughs. After arriving at the Ship Research Institute, Xu Qinan was assigned to do submarine testing. Originally, his graduation design was about "surface ships," but now he had to change direction. However, thinking of the country's needs, Xu Qinan didn't hesitate at all, and thus his career went to underwater.
20世纪80年代,美、法、俄、日先后研制出4000米至6500米级的深海载人潜水器。而我国海洋工程也在大力发展,徐芑南作为总设计师,带领中船重工702研究所等5个单位的技术骨干,成功完成了我国第一台单人常压潜水器和双功能常压潜水器的研制,达到当时国际同类产品的先进水平。
In the 1980s, the United States, France, Russia, and Japan successively developed manned submersibles capable of diving to depths of 4,000 to 6,500 meters. Meanwhile, China's marine engineering industry was also vigorously developing. Xu Qinan, as the chief designer, led the technical backbone of five units, including the 702 Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, to successfully develop China's first single-person atmospheric diving suit and dual-function atmospheric diving suit, which reached the advanced level of similar international products at that time.
80年代末,徐芑南被任命为船舶总公司总设计师,提出了赶超国际先进水平,攻克具有光纤通信的缆控水下机器人技术方案。这就是以援救为主、兼顾海洋油气开发的大功率作业型缆控无人潜水器。1992年起,徐芑南受“863计划”自动化领域首席科学家蒋新松之邀,又担任了6000米自治水下机器人的总设计师,一举成功。“无人、载人,有缆、无缆……几乎所有种类的潜水器,我都做过了。唯一想做而没机会做的,就是大深度的载人深潜器。”徐芑南不无遗憾地说。
In the late 1980s, Xu Qinan was appointed as the Chief Designer of China Shipbuilding Corporation and proposed a technological plan to catch up with international advanced level by developing cable-controlled underwater robots equipped with fiber optic communication. This led to the creation of a high-power operation type cable-controlled unmanned submersible that focused on rescue and also considered offshore oil and gas development. Starting from 1992, Xu was invited by Jiang Xinsong, the chief scientist of the "863 Program" in automation field, to be the chief designer of a self-governing underwater robot capable of diving 6,000 meters, which was successfully developed. "I have designed almost all types of submersibles, whether unmanned or manned, cable-controlled or not," Xu said with regret.
20世纪后半叶,深海技术被认为是与航天技术、核能利用技术并列的高新领域,而载人深潜器则是海洋开发和海洋技术发展的制高点。1996年,花甲之年的徐芑南心有不甘地办完了退休手续,以为自己为之奋斗一生的梦想就此搁浅了。然而,希望往往出现在拐角处。
In the second half of the 20th century, deep-sea technology was considered a high-tech field on par with space and nuclear energy technologies, and manned deep-sea submersibles were the commanding heights of ocean development and technological advancement. In 1996, at the age of retirement, Xu Qinan reluctantly completed his retirement procedures, thinking that his lifelong dream had come to a standstill. However, Hope often comes when you least expect it.
退休6年后,徐芑南有机会重新披挂上阵,担当了7000米级载人潜水器的总设计师,带领一批中青年科研人员,在大时代中续写深潜传奇,成就了事业的深度和人生的高度。
Six years after retirement, Xu Qinan had the opportunity to return to work as the chief designer of a manned submersible capable of diving to 7,000 meters. Leading a group of young and middle-aged researchers, he continued to write a legendary story in the era of deep-sea exploration, achieving great heights both professionally and personally.
三、有志男儿聚无锡
III. Ambitious Men Gather in Wuxi
富有“太湖明珠”之美誉的无锡,位于长江三角洲平原腹地,北倚长江,南濒太湖,自古便是美丽富饶的鱼米之乡。如今,无锡更因是中国载人潜水器“蛟龙”号诞生地,而闻名遐迩。
Wuxi, known as the "Pearl of Taihu Lake", is located in the heart of the Yangtze River Delta plain. Bordering the Yangtze River to the north and Taihu Lake to the south, it has been a beautiful and prosperous land of fish and rice since ancient times. Today, Wuxi is widely known as the birthplace of China's manned submersible "Jiaolong".
负责研制总装“蛟龙号”的中国船舶重工集团公司第702研究所,简称中船重ェ702所,就坐落在风光无限的太湖之滨一无锡。它依山傍水,逶迤绵延数华里,规模宏大,设施配套齐全,堪称船舶研究机构的远东之最。高大宏伟的科研大楼顶上树立着八个醒目的大字:兴船报国,创新超越。
The 702nd Research Institute of the China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC), also known as CSIC 702, which is responsible for the assembly of the "Jiaolong", is located in Wuxi, by the beautiful Taihu Lake. With its vast scale, complete facilities, and being next to mountains and water, it is considered the best shipbuilding research organization in the Far East. On top of its grand research building stands eight eye-catching characters: "Develop ships for the country, innovate to transcend."
2002年10月17日,一向宁静的?02所大院里热闹起来了,来自北京、沈阳、武汉、南京、杭州、广州、青岛等地的科学精英云集这里,参加一个具有里程碑意义的会议。
On October 17, 2002, the usually quiet 702 Institute became bustling. Scientific elites from Beijing, Shenyang, Wuhan, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Qingdao, and other places gathered here to attend a milestone meeting.
在办公大楼庄重而宽敞的会议室里,国家海洋局副局长倪岳峰、大洋协会理事长陈炳鑫、科技部高新技术司司长冯纪春、大洋协会秘书长毛彬、中船重工702研究所所长都焕秋等领导,以及中科院声学所、沈自所和702所、701所等单位的科研人员济济一堂。
In the solemn and spacious meeting room of the office building, leaders including Ni Yuefeng, Deputy Director of the State Oceanic Administration, Chen Bingxin, Chairman of the Ocean Association, Feng Jichun, Director of the High-Tech Department of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Mao Bin, Secretary-General of the Ocean Association, Du Huanqiu, Director of CSIC 702, along with researchers from the Institute of Acoustics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang Institute of Automation, and other units, were all present.
红底黄字的会标高悬在主席台上方:7000米载人潜水器总体组和总师组成立大会。原来,国家“863计划”重大专项组、中国大洋协会已经正式下文批准两个组的组成人员名单,今天特意在这里宣告成立。
The red and yellow conference banner hung high above the podium: "Establishment of the General Assembly and Chief Engineer Assembly for the 7000m Manned Submersible." It turned out that the national "863 Program" major project team and the China Ocean Association had officially approved the composition of the two groups, and they were announced here today.
总体组组长为刘峰,成员是徐芑南、万正权、张艾群、吴崇建和朱维庆。总师组由徐芑南任总设计师、万正权任副总设计师（后改为702所所长、研究员崔维成）、王晓辉（沈阳自动化研究所水下机器人室主任、研究员）任控制系统副总设计师、朱敏（声学所副研究员）任声学系统副总设计师、吴崇建（701所所长、研究员）任水面支持系统副总设计师、刘涛（702所副研究员）任结构设计副总设计师、胡震（702所水下工程室主任、副研究员）任动力与设备副总设计师。
The leader of the general assembly is Liu Feng, with members Xu Qinan, Wan Zhengquan, Zhang Aiqun, Wu Chongjian, and Zhu Weiqing. The Chief Engineer Assembly includes Xu Qinan as the chief designer, Wan Zhengquan as the deputy chief designer (later changed to Cui Weicheng, director of 702 Institute and researcher), Wang Xiaohui (director of the Underwater Robot Room of Shenyang Institute of Automation, researcher) as the deputy chief designer of the control system, Zhu Min (deputy researcher of the Acoustics Institute) as the deputy chief designer of the acoustic system, Wu Chongjian (director of 701 Institute, researcher) as the deputy chief designer of the surface support system, Liu Tao (deputy researcher of 702 Institute) as the deputy chief designer of the structure design, and Hu Zhen (director of the Underwater Engineering Room of 702 Institute, deputy researcher) as the deputy chief designer of the power and equipment.
主持人宣布：“现在请总体组成员上台领取聘书！” The host announced: "Now please the group members on stage to receive the letter of appointment!"
年富力强的刘峰第一个走上前来,从毛彬秘书长手中接过大红的聘书,紧紧握手,转过身来面对全场,迎来一片热烈而羡慕的掌声。可是,细心的人发现他只是笑了一下,很快就绷起了脸。他心里清楚,这不是表彰或获奖的证书,而是一纸“军令状”啊! Liu Feng, a vigorous young man, was the first to come forward. He took the big red appointment letter from Secretary General Mao Bin, shook hands firmly, turned to face the whole audience, and received a round of warm and envious applause. However, those who were observant noticed that he only smiled slightly and then his face became stern. He knew clearly that this was not a certificate of commendation or award, but a "military order"!
如此重要的大会,可以说是7000米载人潜水器重大专项启动仪式和誓师会（此时我们的国宝尚未被命名为“蛟龙号”）,为何放在无锡的一个研究所内举行呢?因为它是中国载人深潜器诞生的母体和大本营。 Why was such an important conference, which can be said to be the launching ceremony and oath-taking meeting of the 7000-meter manned submersible project (at this time our national treasure has not yet been named "Jiaolong"), held in a research institute in Wuxi? Because it is the birthplace and main base of China's manned deep submersible.
过去,我国研制的载人潜水器深度只有600米。从600米到7000米,这是一道很难跨越的天堑。根据设计方案,项目领导小组和总体组明确了分工:中船重工702所负责本体设计加工、总装联调,中科院沈自所负责自动化系统,中科院声学研究所负责水声通讯系统,中船重工701所负责水面支持系统,国家海洋局北海分局负责试验母船改装。此外还有中船重工725所、750所、6971厂,青岛海丽雅集团、河南新乡电池研究院等单位组成的攻关团队,开始了“蛟龙号”的研制之路。
In the past, China's manned submersibles could only reach a depth of 600 meters. From 600 meters to 7000 meters, this is a difficult gap to bridge. According to the design plan, the project leadership team and the general assembly clearly defined their responsibilities: CSIC 702 is responsible for body design and assembly, the Institute of Automation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is responsible for the automation system, the Institute of Acoustics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is responsible for the underwater communication system, CSIC 701 is responsible for the surface support system, and the North Sea Branch of the State Oceanic Administration is responsible for the modification of the test mother ship. In addition, there are the task force composed of units such as CSIC 725, 750, Factory 6971, Qingdao Hailiya Group, and Henan Xinxiang Battery Research Institute, which began the development of the "Jiaolong".
其中,以徐芑南为总师的702所水下工程研究室,承担着潜水器本体成形和最后调试的重任。为此,702所专门组成了7000米载人潜水器领导小组和办公室。全所一盘棋,全力攻难关。徐芑南召集大家开宗明义:“这是一项系统工程,完成这样一项工程,在我看来最重要的是八个字:全局观点,统筹兼顾。”
The 702 Submarine Engineering Research Institute, led by Chief Engineer Xu Qin'an, is responsible for the formation and final debugging of the submersible. To this end, the institute has specially formed a leadership group and office for the manned submersible capable of diving to a depth of 7000 meters. With a unified strategy, the institute is fully committed to overcoming difficulties. Xu Qin'an convened everyone and stated: "This is a systematic engineering project. In my opinion, the most important thing to complete such a project is to have a global perspective and balanced consideration."
这八个字说来简单,实施起来难度却非常之大。徐总师从容应对,调动起自己全部的人生积累,与所内吴有生、徐秉汉等专家学者密切探讨,充分发挥集体智慧,严格遵循“设计理念、专家咨询、样机试验、实物考核”的研制程序,确保“下得去,能干活;上得来,保安全”的总体设计理念得到落实。
Although this word sounds simple, its implementation is extremely difficult. Chief Engineer Xu calmly responded, mobilizing all his life's accumulation, closely discussing with experts and scholars in the institute such as Wu Yousheng and Xu Binghan, fully utilizing collective wisdom, strictly following the development procedures of "design concept, expert consultation, prototype testing, physical examination", to ensure the overall design concept of "going down and working; coming up and being safe" is implemented.
当时最大的困难是缺人。702所的水下工程研究室正处于人才的“断档期”。研制“蛟龙号”,总师班子就需要好几个人:总设计师、副总设计师、总质量师……除此之外,深潜器的分系统有12个,每个都需要主任设计师。而且,由于国外技术封锁,从最初设计到最终海试,都得自己闯。这支研发团队怎样搭建呢?
The biggest difficulty at the time was the lack of personnel. The Underwater Engineering Research Room of the 702 Institute was in a "gap period" for talent. To develop the "Jiaolong", the chief engineer team needs several people: chief designer, deputy chief designer, chief quality officer... In addition to this, the submersible's subsystems have 12 parts, each requiring a chief designer. Moreover, due to foreign technology blockades, from initial design to final sea trials, they had to break through on their own. How to build this R&D team?
这次,徐芑南所花费的心血,比以前所任的总师要多上几倍。“总师重要的是做好顶层设计,但更重要的是在实战中带出一支年轻的队伍。”说这话时,徐芑南俨然是运筹帷幄、决胜千里的统帅了。他与第一副总师、702所副所长崔维成商量,将几位已经退休的老研究员请回来当顾问,又加紧培养年轻人,并让他们担当重任。
This time, Xu Qinan put in several times more effort than in previous chief engineer roles. "The most important thing for a chief engineer is to do a good job in top-level design, but more importantly, to bring out a young team in actual combat." When he said this, Xu Qinan was like a general planning strategies and winning battles from afar. He discussed with Cui Weicheng, the first deputy chief designer and deputy director of the 702 Institute, to invite several retired senior researchers back as consultants, speed up the training of young people, and let them take on important tasks.
第一副总设计师崔维成,也是一位富有传奇色彩的人物。他是江苏海门人,1986年毕业于清华大学工程力学系,保送进入702所读研究生,两个月之后即被派往英国布里斯托大学留学,获得博士学位后再做博士后研究。1993年,崔维成怀着一颗拳拳报国之心,谢绝了国外的高薪聘请,携妻轻装踏上归国的旅途。
The first deputy chief designer, Cui Weicheng, is also a person with a legendary story. He is from Haimen, Jiangsu. He graduated from the Department of Engineering Mechanics at Tsinghua University in 1986 and was recommended to the 702 Institute for postgraduate studies. Two months later, he was sent to the University of Bristol in the UK for further studies. After earning his doctorate and conducting postdoctoral research, in 1993, Cui Weicheng, with a patriotic heart, declined a high-paying job abroad and set out on his journey home with his wife, travelling light.
从小生活在海边,饿了就去海里捕鱼、热了就去海里游泳的经历,令崔维成了解到海洋里有着丰富的资源,立志献身海洋事业。自大学时代起,他在学业大进的同时,还特别崇拜李叔同,将其作为人生楷模:“他诚实守信、一诺千金的性格深深影响着我。”崔维成如是说。
Having lived by the sea since childhood, where he would catch fish when hungry and swim when hot, Cui Weicheng understands the vast resources that the ocean holds and is determined to dedicate himself to marine affairs. Since his university days, while making great strides academically, he particularly admired Li Shutong and took him as a role model in life: "His honest and trustworthy character, and his commitment to keeping his word, has deeply influenced me." Cui Weicheng said so.
回国后,他在中国船舶科学研究中心先后担任研究实验部主任、研究员、博士生导师。1999年4月被上海交通大学船舶与海洋工程学院聘为“长江学者”、教授、副院长。2002年,随着7000米载人潜水器的立项,崔维成被任命为702所所长,协助徐芑南总师攻坚克难。后来,他考虑到必须全身心投入研发中去,便毅然辞去了所长职务,担任副所长。
After returning to China, he successively served as the director of the research laboratory, researcher, and doctoral supervisor at the China Ship Science Research Center. In April 1999, he was appointed as the "Yangtze River Scholar", professor, and deputy dean by the School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering at Shanghai Jiaotong University. In 2002, with the approval of the 7000-meter manned submersible project, Cui Weicheng was appointed as the director of the 702 Institute, assisting Chief Engineer Xu Qinan in overcoming difficulties. Later, considering the need to devote himself fully to research and development, he resolutely resigned as director and assumed the role of deputy director.
不少朋友劝道:“没必要辞职嘛,安排好了工作,你照样可以专心做项目啊!”
Many friends advised, "There's no need to resign. Once you've arranged your work, you can still focus on the project!"
“不一样”崔维成坚决地摇头,“在其位就要谋其政。只当副职,就有时间更好地去研究、做试验。”
"It's not the same," Cui Weicheng shook his head resolutely, "When in a position, one should fulfill its responsibilities. By taking the deputy role, I will have more time to do research and experiments."
这就是科学家的胸怀,在“官本位”大有市场的当下,崔维成的选择令人十分敬佩。
This is the broad-mindedness of a scientist. At a time when "official-based" positions are highly sought after, Cui Weicheng's choice is admirable.
然而,开始研制7000米的载人潜水器,可谓是白手起家。整个本体组只有徐芑南在国外参观过载人潜水器,但也没有参加下潜。其他人还只是从照片上、视频资料里看到过,潜水器内部是什么样,没人知道。为了让大家首先有个基本了解,徐芑南听说浙江大学的陈鹰教授曾去日本访问,进入过“深海6500号”潜水器里边,便组织各系统的主任设计师们,如胡震、刘涛、叶聪、程斐等人前去拜访。
However, starting the development of a 7000-meter manned submersible was like starting from scratch. Only Xu Qinan in the whole body group had visited a manned submersible abroad, but he had not participated in the dive. The others had only seen it in photos and videos, and no one knew what the inside of the submersible looked like. In order to give everyone a basic understanding, Xu Qinan, having heard that Professor Chen Ying of Zhejiang University had visited Japan and entered the "Shinkai 6500" submersible, organized the chief designers of each system, such as Hu Zhen, Liu Tao, Ye Cong, Cheng Fei, and others, to visit.
由于大家都想多了解一些情况,各自准备了很多问题,有的用A4纸打印出来几大张,十几个人组团结队地奔赴西子湖畔,团团围住陈鹰教授,七嘴八舌地询问。开始,陈教授还“吓”了一跳,以为出了什么事情呢!继而他就释然了,为这些科学同行们的探求精神所感动,便尽自己所知道来了个“竹筒倒豆子”,和盘端出。
As everyone wanted to learn more about the situation, they each prepared many questions, some even printed them on several A4 papers. More than a dozen people went to West Lake in a group, surrounding Professor Chen Ying and asking questions in a flurry. At first, Professor Chen was "scared", thinking something had happened! Then he was relieved, touched by the spirit of inquiry of these scientific colleagues, and poured out everything he knew.
“你们看,这是我拍的’深海6500’照片,外观与’阿尔文’差不多,只是这几个地方有些改动……”
"You see, these are the pictures I took of 'Shinkai 6500'. The appearance is similar to 'Alvin', only these few places have some changes..."
“那他们的巡航设计采用什么原理呢?”
"What principle is their cruise design based on?"
“内部电力系统是如何分配的?”分工不同的设计师们最关心本专业信息,连珠炮似的发问。
"How is the internal power system distributed?" Designers of different departments were most interested in professional information and fired questions like machine guns.
“这个……说实话,当时我没想到咱们这么快也搞起来了,就没在潜器本身上多留心,只是专注于我的研究方向了。”
"Well... honestly, I didn't expect us to start so quickly, so I didn't pay much attention to the submersible itself, I just focused on my research."
“那请陈教授多讲讲印象深的观感吧!”
"Then please tell us more about your impressions, Professor Chen!"
“好好!”陈鹰结合着当时拍下的一些图片,尽量回忆介绍着……
"Okay!" Chen Ying, combining some of the pictures he took at the time, tried his best to recall and introduce...
尽管杭州之行收获不大,但还是给702所的访问者们一定的感性认识。回来后,他们便在徐芑南、崔维成等人的领导下,经过热烈而细致的讨论,分头考虑自己的方案,然后制作一个1：1钢架木制模型,将它平卧在那座红砖车间里。
Although the trip to Hangzhou did not yield much, it did give the visitors from the 702 Institute a understanding. After returning, under the leadership of Xu Qinan and Cui Weicheng, they held heated and detailed discussions, thought about their own plans separately, and then made a 1:1 steel frame wooden model, which they laid flat in the red brick workshop.
各个分系统的设计者们就围绕着这个“假家伙”,一点一点地摸索着、研讨着,有时皱着眉头瞅上半天,茶饭不思;有时陷入针锋相对的争论,面红耳赤。
The designers of each subsystem surrounded this "fake guy", exploring and discussing bit by bit, sometimes frowning for half a day, losing their appetites; sometimes falling into sharp debates, blushing with thick necks.
——据压强计算公式,水深达到7000米,压强会达到每平方厘米700千克,即每平方米要承受7000吨的压力。陆地上坚固的钢板,此时变得像纸片一样“软弱”,听任海水挤压折叠。什么样的材料,才能让“蛟龙”在水下成为一条真正的中国龙?
--According to the pressure calculation formula, when the water depth reaches 7000 meters, the pressure will reach 700 kilograms per square centimeter, that is, each square meter has to withstand a pressure of 7000 tons. The sturdy steel plate on land becomes as "weak" as paper at this time, allowing the seawater to squeeze and fold it. What kind of material can make the "Jiaolong" a real Chinese dragon underwater?
——与太空空间站可利用太阳能不同,深潜器在海底只能靠自身携带的能源。浸泡在可以导电的海水中,潜水器的能量之源一一电池系统需承受的考验更为严苛。
--Unlike space stations that can use solar energy, deep submersibles can only rely on their own power source underwater. Immersed in conductive seawater, the energy source of the submersible - the battery system, faces even more stringent tests.
一一整个潜水器上的电线电缆多达几百根,有些故障只有在深海几千米的水压下オ会发生,等潜水器返回,电缆状态已经改变,很难再排查故障。怎么办?
-- There are hundreds of wires and cables on the whole submersible, some of which only malfunction under the pressure of several thousand meters deep in the sea. When the submersible returns, the state of the cables has changed, making it difficult to troubleshoot. What to do?
一块块难啃的技术骨头背后,是数不清的尝试、挫折、改进和提高。各路人马分工不分家,呕心沥血,精益求精,一点一点探求着,闯过了一道道难关。
Behind each difficult technical problem, there are countless attempts, setbacks, improvements, and enhancements. People from all walks of life work together, pouring their hearts and souls into it, constantly seeking, and overcoming one difficulty after another.
多年后,徐芑南回忆说:“这台潜水器有12个分系统,