Modern Chinese History

Foreword

The book in hand is in many respects unique: It has been written by the students attending a course on Modern Chinese History at Utah Valley University in Fall 2011. Using a Wikipedia writing tool, the students picked historical figures and wrote chapters on them using the I-perspective. Fellow students peer reviewed the articles and helped them to improve. I thank all authors, who made this venture come true: Licia = Qianlong, Alexis = Cixi, Kendra = Kang Youwei, Talya = Liang Qichao, Thomas = Sun Yat-sen, Juan = Mao Zedong, Gavin = Deng Xiaoping, Jessica = Chiang Kai-shek, Trevor = Xi Jinping. The links are their alias used for the summaries of secondary sources. Following the links, you can find a description of the historical figures they chose as their alias. We tried in our class to make history become alive again, applying a learner-centred approach. We hope, the readers enjoy the outcome of this team work.

Martin Woesler, Associate Professor of Chinese Studies, Orem, Utah - Root 01:38, 10 December 2011 (UTC)

Important Individuals

First person Biographies

• Qianlong - Licia K
• Cixi - Alexis S
• Kang Youwei - Kendra
• Liang Qichao - Talya
• Sun Yat-sen -Thomas
• Chiang Kai-shek - Jessica
• Mao Zedong - Juan
• Deng Xiaoping - Gavin
• Xi Jinping - Trevor

The Qing Dynasty

The Manchus overthrow the Ming Dynasty

• 02 Juan: Cheng and Lestz, Two edicts on wearing the hair, Glorifying the origins of the Manchus” in DOC, Cheng and Lestz
• 03 Thomas: Joanna Waley-Cohen The New Qing History in Radical History Review 88 (Winter 2004), 193-206
• 04 Evelyn: Presidential Address: Reenvisioning the Qing: The Significance of the Qing Period in Chinese History in The Journal of Asian Studies 55.4 (Nov., 1996), 829-850
• 05 Kendra: Ho Ping-ti, In Defense of Sinicization: A Rebuttal of Evelyn Rawski's ‘Reenvisioning the Qing’ in The Journal of Asian Studies, 57.1 (Feb., 1998), 123-155

Kangxi's Consolidation

• 06 Gavin: 1st edition of Cheng and Lestz, The Sacred Edict in The Search for Modern China: A Documentary Collection. Cheng and Lestz
• 07 Oboi Regency Cixi 20:59, 7 October 2011 (UTC)
• 08 Ruling from Sedan Chair: Wei Yijie (1616-1686) and the Examination Reform of the ‘Oboi’ Regency Liang Qichao 21:47, 15 October 2011 (UTC)
• 09 The Sacred Edict Chiang Kai-shek 19:12, 11 November 2011 (UTC)

Qianlong's Wisdom / State and Governance in China

• 10 Juan: Huang Liuhong, A Complete Book Concerning Happiness and Benevolence, 60-68
• 11 States and society in 18th century china Chiang Kai-shek 19:10, 11 November 2011 (UTC)

Elites and Social Power

• 12 Thomas: Chang Chung-li, The Chinese Gentry, 3-32.
• 13 Local Government in China under the Ching Xi Jinping 04:34, 17 October 2011 (UTC)
• 14 Talya: Benjamin Elman, Political, Social & Cultural Reproduction via Civil Service Examinations in Late Imperial China, Journal of Asian Studies, 50.1. (Feb., 1991), 7-28 Liang Qichao 21:36, 15 October 2011 (UTC)

Late Imperial Culture

• 15 Naquin and Rawski, Chinese Society in the Eighteenth Century, 55-93.
• 16 Kendra: Ebrey, Exhortations on Ceremony, in Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook
• 17 Gavin: Watson, Standardizing the Gods: The Promotion of T’ien-hou (Empress of Heaven) along the South China Coast, 960-1960
• 17a 1768- Philip Kuhn, Soulstealers: The Chinese Socery Scare of 1768 (HUP, 1990) - Qianlong

Women and Gender

* 18 Grace Fong, Signifying Bodies: The Cultural Significance of Suicide Writing by Women in Ming-Qing China By Grace S. Fong, in Ropp, ed., Passionate Women: Female Suicide in Late Imperial China (Special issue of the journal Nan/Nü 3.1 [2001]), 105-142 Cixi

• Empress Dowager Cixi (慈禧, 1835-1908)

China and the Outside World

• 19 Glorydawn: John K. Fairbank, ed., The Chinese World Order, 1-19
• 20 Juan: Kenneth Pomeranz, Political Economy and Ecology on the Eve of Industrialization: Europe, China, and the Global, American Historical Review 107.2 (2002), 425-446 - Mao Zedong 20:59, 15 October 2011 (UTC)
• 21 Jessica: Evelyn Rawski, “The Qing Formation and the Early Modern Period,” The Qing Formation in World-Historical Time, 207-241.
• 22 Thomas: R. Bin Wong, “The Search for European Differences and Domination in the Early Modern World,” American Historical Review 107.2 (2002), 447-469.

China and the Outside World / Clash with the West

• 23 The Opium War and the Opening of China: An Historiographical Note Xi Jinping 05:20, 17 October 2011 (UTC)
• 24 Talya: James Polachek, The Inner Opium War, 1-16, 273-287 Liang Qichao 21:51, 15 October 2011 (UTC)
• 25 Katheryn: Fairbank, “Synarchy Under the Treaties,” 204-231.

The Crisis Within

• 26 Kendra: Ebrey, “Mid-Century Rebels” in Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook
• 27 Gavin: Susan Naquin, Millenarian Rebellion in China, 1-8, 63-117.
• 28 Alexis: Elizabeth Perry, Rebels and Revolutionaries in North China 1845-1945 by Elizabeth Perry, 1-9, 48-95 Cixi 00:32, 11 October 2011 (UTC)
• 29 Glorydawn: Robert Weller, “Saturating the Movement” and “Too Many Voices,” 50-85.
• Tian hou - Deng Xiao Ping 20:56, 7 October 2011 (UTC)
• The eight trigrams - Deng Xiao Ping 20:56, 7 October 2011 (UTC)
• 30 1900 - Juan: Paul Cohen, History in Three Keys: The Boxers As Event, Experience, and Myth, 69-95. [Link to Google books] - Mao Zedong 20:59, 15 October 2011 (UTC)

 The Political and Social Effects of the Taiping Rebellion

• 31 Jessica: Philip Kuhn, Rebellion and its Enemies in Late Imperial China, 105-164, 211-225.
• 32 Thomas: Edward McCord, “Militia and Local Militarization in Late Qing and Early Republican China: The Case of Hunan,” Modern China (April 1988), 156-187.
• 33 Regionalism in Nineteenth Century China Xi Jinping 21:13, 10 December 2011 (UTC)

Self-Strengthening and the Problem of Imperialism

• 34 Alexis: Paul Cohen, Imperialism: Reality or Myth?, Discovering History in China, Discovering History in China, 97-147 - Cixi
• 35 English Lessons Xi Jinping 21:26, 10 December 2011 (UTC)
• Kendra = Kang Youwei (康有為, 1858-1927)
• Talya = Liang Qichao (梁啟超, 1873-1929)

 Problems at the End of the Qing

• 36 1898-1912 Juan: Douglas Reynolds, China, 1898-1912: The Xinzheng Revolution and Japan, 1-14 - Mao Zedong 20:59, 15 October 2011 (UTC)

The 1911 Revolution

• 37 Jessica: Mary Wright, China in revolution, 1-62 - Chiang Kai-shek 19:15, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
• 38 Thomas: Ichiko Chuzo, “The Role of the Gentry: An Hypothesis,” China in Revolution, 297-318.
• 39 Manchu and Han, Xi Jinping 22:46, 10 December 2011 (UTC)

The Republic of China

The New Republic

• 40 Yuan Shikai: Two Documents, Xi Jinping 22:50, 10 December 2011 (UTC)
• 41 Talya: Arthur Waldron, The Warlord: Twentieth-Century Chinese Understanding of Violence, Militarism & Imperialism, American Historical Review 96:4 (1991) 1073-1100 - Liang Qichao 21:42, 15 October 2011 (UTC)
• 42 Gavin: James Sheridan, Chinese Warlord: The Career of Feng Yu-hsiang, 1-30.
• 43 Alexis: Shelley Yomano, Reintegration in China under the Warlords, 1916-1927, Republican China, vol. 12, no. 2 (April 1987), pp. 22-27 - Cixi 02:08, 12 October 2011 (UTC)
• Sun Yat-sen (孫逸仙 = Sun Zhongshan 孫中山, 1866-1925)

The New Culture and May Fourth

• 44 Juan: Ebrey, Ebrey,“Spirit of May Fourth” and “Ridding China of Bad Customs” in Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook - Mao Zedong 19:15, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
• 45 Jessica: Lu Xun, “Ah Q: The Real Story” and “My Old Home”
• 46 Thomas: Henrietta Harrison, The Making of the Republican Citizen, 49-92.
• 47 The Canonization of May Fourth, Xi Jinping 22:57, 10 December 2011 (UTC)

The Guomindang in Power

• 48 New insights into the nature of the nationalist regime, Xi Jinping 23:48, 10 December 2011 (UTC)
• 49 Talya: Joseph Fewsmith Response to Eastman's review article New Insights into the Nature of the Nationalist Regime, Republican China 9.2 (February 1984), 19-27 - Liang Qichao
• 50: Bradley Geisert “Probing KMT rule: reflections on Eastman's new insights,” Republican China 9.2: 28-39.

Reading in turn #51 Gavin: Parks Coble, “The Kuomintang Regime and the Shanghai Capitalists, 1927-1929,” China Quarterly 77 (March 1979), 1-24.

• Chiang Kai-shek (蔣介石, 1887-1975): Jessica

Mao and the Rise of the CCP

• 52 Alexis: Benjamin Schwartz, Chinese Communism and the Rise of Mao, 7-27 - Cixi 05:54, 26 October 2011 (UTC)
• 53 Juan: Hans van de Ven, From Friend to Comrade, 9-54.
• 54 The Political Thought of Mao Tse-tung Xi Jinping 07:43, 11 December 2011 (UTC)
• Mao Zedong (毛泽东, 1893-1976)

World War Two

• 56 Katie Bowers ---: Lloyd Eastman, “Facets of an Ambivalent Relationship: Smuggling, Puppets, and Atrocities During the War, 1937-1945”
• 57 Convergence or Divergence? Recent Historical Writings on the Rape of Nanjing The American Historical Review 104.3 (June 1999), 842-865.Yang Daqing --Kang Youwei 00:02, 3 December 2011 (UTC)
• 58 Gavin Norton: Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi, The Nanjing Atrocity, 1937-38: Complicating the Picture, chapters by Wakabayashi, 3-28; Askew, 86-114; Fogel, 267-284; and Yamamoto, 285-303.

The Communist Revolution

• 59 Alexis: Chalmers Johnson, Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power, 1-30 - Cixi 23:00, 6 November 2011 (UTC)
• 60 Juan: Stephen Averill, Party, Society, and Local Elite in the Jiangxi Communist Movement, Journal of Asian Studies 46.2 (May 1987), 279-303 - Mao Zedong 19:45, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
• 61 Jessica: K.K. Shum, “The Communist Party’s Strategy for Galvanizing Popular Support, 1930-1945,” in Pong and Fung, eds., Ideal and Reality: Social and Political Change in Modern China.

The People's Republic of China on the mainland and the Republic of China on Taiwan

Birth of the PRC

• 62 Peasant Nationalism’ in the History of Chinese Communism Xi Jinping 07:40, 10 December 2011 (UTC)
• 63 Gavin:  Joseph Esherick, “Ten Theses on the Chinese Revolution”
• 64 Talya: Edward Friedman, Paul Pickowicz, Edward Friedman, Paul Pickowicz, Chinese Village, Socialist State New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991, pp.80-159 [first part Silent Sound] - Liang Qiacho
• 65 Jessica: Edward Friedman, Paul Pickowicz, Chinese Village, Socialist State (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991), pp.80-159 [second part Honeymoon]
• 66 Alexis: Edward Friedman, Paul Pickowicz, Chinese Village, Socialist State: The Gamble, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991, pp.80-159 [third part Gamble] - Cixi 18:12, 11 November 2011 (UTC)

 The occupation of Tibet and Han-Chinese settlement policy

Guest lecturer: Dr. Kathreen Brown, Professor and former Chair of the History Dept.

Campaigns and the Cultural Revolution

• 67 Mao’s Great Famine: the History of China’s Most Devastating Catastrophe, Xi Jinping 07:37, 10 December 2011 (UTC)
• 68 Gavin: Roderick MacFarquhar, Michael Schoenhals, Mao’s Last Revolution (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006), pp.1-18 - part I
• 69 Jessica: Roderick MacFarquhar, Michael Schoenhals, Mao’s Last Revolution (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006), pp.19-36 - part II

The Open-Door Policy, Remodeling Laws and Legal System

• Gavin (Deng Xiaoping (邓小平, 1904-1997)

The Democratization process in China and 1989

• Guest Lecturer: Dr. Danny Damron

The special economic zones, Taiwan and the economical miracle

• Trevor Xi Jinping 习近平, 1953-

China's impact on the world today: The global economical powerhouse and the new soft superpower

• Fish 2011: Isaac Stone Fish, “China’s Failed Charm Offensive” in: Newsweek (1/19/2011), http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2011/01/19/china-s-failed-charm-offensive.html
• Gates 2007, Thom Shanker, "Defense Secretary Urges More Spending for U.S. Diplomacy", in: New York Times (2007.11.27), http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/27/washington/27gates.html
• Hu 2007, Xinhua News Agency „Hu Jintao calls for enhancing ‘soft power’ of Chinese culture“, in: People’s daily (2007.10.15) http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-10/15/content_6883748.htm
• Martin Woesler, "China as the new soft superpower and the global impact of its culture" 2011
• 70 Talya: Jonathan McClory, The new persuaders - An international ranking of soft power, in: (2010.12) - Liang Qiacho
• 71 Alexis: Nye/Wang 2009, Joseph S. Nye/Jisi Wang, Hard decisions on soft power, in: Harvard International Review, http://hir.harvard.edu/agriculture/hard-decisions-on-soft-power