2021 Application Social Sciences Project
国家社科基金重大项目选题推荐表
Empfehlungsformular für Großprojekte des Nationalfonds für Sozialwissenschaften
选题名称
Titel des gewählten Themas
《红楼梦》海外学术史研究
涉及学科
Abgedeckte Themen
文学、文化、历史
填写主要的一级学科，不得超过3个。
Füllen Sie die wichtigsten Primärdisziplinen aus, nicht mehr als drei.
1.选题的学术依据和提出背景。
1. die wissenschaftliche Grundlage des gewählten Themas und den Hintergrund des vorgeschlagenen Themas.
2.选题的国内外研究状况及选题价值。
2. den Stand der nationalen und internationalen Forschung zu dem gewählten Thema und den Wert des gewählten Themas.
3.选题的研究内容、总体框架、基本思路和研究目标。（3000字左右）
3. den Forschungsinhalt, die allgemeinen Rahmenbedingungen, die Grundideen und die Forschungsziele des gewählten Themas. (Etwa 3000 Wörter)
请注意：不得在本表中透露推荐人与报送单位信息。
Bitte beachten Sie: Informationen über den Zuweiser und die einreichende Organisation dürfen in diesem Formular nicht offengelegt werden.
《红楼梦》海外学术史研究
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The Red Chamber Dreams is an example of a product of traditional Chinese culture which has successfully been distributed worldwide and has been awarded its place in world literature. The history of the overseas research on the Red Chamber Dreams shows, that it went a stony path until it was acclaimed as a Chinese masterpiece of world literature. This project wants to document this process as a model for other pieces of traditional Chinese art, how to be exported successfully overseas and for Chinese ideas, values, inventions in general to go abroad successfully.
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The research project uses a socio-historical approach, describing the changing attitude (from ethnocentric to dialogical) of Western scholars, translators, critiques and points out the role the availability of the novel in translation played. During times when the novel was not yet available in English, misunderstandings of the novel were frequent and were passed down in reception history. The research project applies Bourdieu’s theory of the cultural field, identifies agents in the 200 years from the early 19th century until today and describes how the cultural capital was accumulated. These agents were not just sinologists like Herbert Allen Giles 翟理思 in 1900, but, especially at the beginning, missionaries and Chinese teachers like Robert Morrison 马礼逊 (esp. 1815), British delegation members to China like John Barrow (1792-1794) and John Francis Davis (1816), the journal Quarterly Review 《评论季刊》 in London and the book Lao-seng-eul 《老生儿》 in France, which already in 1819 published the first English and French excerpt translations, reviewers, British authors like Oliver Goldsmith 奥利弗•史密斯 with his book 《奥利弗•史密斯的各项工程》 in 1837.
Great Britain sent an embassy to the Qing court in 1792-1794, with Ambassador George Macartney, Secretary George Leonard Staunton, and comptroller John Barrow . The embassy was not successful, partly because Macartnay refused to kowtow. From the accounts of Staunton and the various reports of Barrow we know that the delegation extensively documented Chinese language and literature. As far as we know, Barrow also became the first to publish extracts of Red Chambers Dreams in Western translation.
1791年清朝的军队在西藏打败了尼泊尔的入侵者。1792年至1794年，英国向清廷派出了由大使乔治•马戛尔尼（George Macartney）、大臣乔治•伦纳德•士丹顿（George Leonard Staunton）以及主审计长约翰•巴罗（John Barrow）组成的使团。 这个使团并没有完成它的使命。部分是由于他们不肯向清廷下跪。从士丹顿记载和各种报告中，我们可以知道：代表团广泛地记载汉语言文学。据我们所知，巴罗也成为第一个在西方翻译出版的《红楼梦》节译本之人。
Great Britain sent a second embassy to China in 1816 with Ambassador William Amherst, accompanied by 21-year-old John Francis Davis, who was author of the East India Company’s factory in Canton since 3 years. It failed like the first. However, Barrow and J. Davis learned the language and collected and translated a lot of Chinese literature. J. Davis translated extracts of the novel under the title Red Chamber Dreams and sent them to his predecessor Barrow, who now worked for the Quarterly Review, and to the French translator Antoine-André Bruguière, who at that time published a French translation of J. Davis’ English translation, An Heir in His Old Age. Both published the extracts simultaneously, in 1819, in Barrow in English and Bruguière in French.
英国在1816年第二派出了以威廉•阿默斯特（William Amherst）为大使的使团，并由21岁的约翰•弗朗西斯•戴维斯（John Francis Davis） 陪同，他三年前开始担任东印度公司在广州工厂的创始人。他们像上次使团一样失败了。但是，巴罗（Barrow）和约翰•戴维斯学到的语言，并收集和翻译了不少汉语文学作品。约翰•戴维斯翻译了一部分标题为Red Chamber Dreams小说的节选， 并将之送给他的前任——当时正在为《评论季刊》 工作的巴罗和法国法语翻译家安托万•安德烈•布鲁盖尔(Antoine-André Bruguière)——当时他正在将约翰•戴维斯的《老生儿》英译本转译成法译本。这两种语言的节译本几乎同时在1819出版——巴罗的英文版和布鲁盖尔的法文版。
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The end of the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century saw an encounter between two high civilizations, the Chinese and the Western. The innumerable discourses of the time reveal that the mutual curiosity of both sides was immense and comparable. The larger impact of European literature is documented by the larger number of translations into Chinese compared to translations from Chinese into Western languages.
18世纪末到20世纪初，世界见证了两大高度发展文明的碰撞——中华文明和西方文明。那个时期不计其数的文献透露出这样一种信息：两大文明间的好奇是巨大而可比的。而中西文献的译介比较则表明：欧洲文学对中国的影响大于中国文学对欧洲之影响。
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Dream was among the first representative literary works to be introduced to Western readers. The research project examines early Western reception and critique at a time when there was no full translation available. It sees a polarization between supporters and opponents of Dream. The discourse on Dream was used as a means to interpret Chinese literature or even Chinese culture as a whole. At the beginning of the discourse, a few opinion leaders in both civilizations shaped the key judgment that the other literary culture was inferior to their own. Despite cultural differences, the need for change in Chinese society and the attractiveness of the “modernity” of Western culture lead to a modernization of Chinese society.
《红楼梦》几乎是第一部进入西方读者眼帘的具有代表性的文学作品。本研究项目探讨的是早期西方对《红楼梦》的接受和在尚不存在完整译本时对《红楼梦》的批评。对于《红楼梦》，支持和反对似乎存各执一端。而对于《红楼梦》的讨论常常被认为是对中国文学，甚至是整个中国文化的解释。讨论之初，双方论争的领袖都形成了这样一种核心判断：其他的文学文化都比自己的文学文化低等。尽管文化存在差异，但中国社会内在改革的需要和西方文化的‘现代性’促进了中国社会现代改革的进程。.
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It took half a century to get to know each other better, to change attitudes from ethnocentric to dialectical, to stop exploiting the novel and to come to the insight that Chinese literature with Dream as one of its masterpieces was not only comparable to other world literatures but also could bring value to Western readers (Mayers 1867).
经过半个世纪，双方增进了解，并从“民族中心主义”的优越感向辩证思想转变，停止利用小说互相攻击，开始深入了解中国文学，不仅将《红楼梦》这类杰作与其他世界文学相比较，而且，更重要的是将价值观带给西方读者（梅辉立(Mayers) 1867年）。
This project concentrates on the phase between the early reception of Dream in the West since 1815, the first full translation, which appeared in 1929 and until today.
本研究项目关注于自1815年《红楼梦》在西方的早期认同到1929年第一版完整译本的出现和到今天。
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The Western history after it was accepted also differs much from domestic scholarship on the novel: While in China, the research is endless and every little detail has been explored, in the West only certain ###aspects like “emotion”, “sexuality” … are studied, applying modern research theories on this traditional novel.
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This research project is a pioneer study, since there is no overview on overseas’ research on the Red Chamber Dreams so far, neither overseas nor in China. Recently, translations of the novel are studied in China (translation strategies, mistakes etc.), with not so much success, because to judge on translations, a closer cooperation of the Chinese scholars with colleagues from the target language cultures is necessary. This project provides one of the “missing links” between the domestic Hongxue and the upcoming domestic Hongloumeng translation studies. It provides the socio-historical background (attitudes, expectations etc.) to the translators and the audience explains their approaches and translation theories.
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This project reviews the existing research and aims to gives an overview as well as compare this Overseas research to domestic Red Chamber Dreams studies. It also aims to judge how useful, benefitial and reasonable it is to apply modern theories on traditional objects.
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In the first phase, the research project collects and analyzes the existing overseas research literature on the Red Chamber Dreams. The result will be an open access database, which will build the foundation for further research of generations of domestic (and overseas) scholars.
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In the 2nd phase, international researchers are invited to a conference in China to display chapters of the history of overseas Hongxue. The collected material is categorized and sorted chronologically and prepared for a monograph on the topic.
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In the 3rd phase, the monograph with the research findings is written, Chinese Hongxue experts are integrated and draw comparisons to domestic Hongxue. The chapters of the monograph are published in international and Chinese journals before the monograph will be published.
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