20200928 cult

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Homework of 20200928 for 20201005

Gu Dongfang 顾东方

1.现存中国古代最成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是汉字的雏形

The inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of the Shang Dynasty , the most advanced Chinese character of acient times in existing writing systems, is regarded as the original form of Chinese characters.--Gudongfang (talk) 11:49, 2 October 2020 (UTC)Gudongfang

Oracle bone inscription is the most mature ancient Chinese characters existing, which are considered to be the earliest forms of Chinese characters.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 05:02, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

2.在中国，书法在传统艺术中占据十分重要的地位，它不仅仅是一项用来沟通的工具，也可以从审美的角度去揭露一个人的内心世界

In China, calligraphy plays a distinguished role in traditional art. It is not only a means of communication ,but also a means of expressing a persom's inner world in an aesthetic sense.--Gudongfang (talk) 11:49, 2 October 2020 (UTC)Gudongfang

In China, calligraphy plays a significant role in traditional art. It is not only a tool for communication, but also a means to reflect one's inner world from the perspective of aesthetics.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 05:02, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

3.隶书的出现是汉字书写的一大进步，是书法史上的一次革命，为以后各种书体流派奠定了基础。

The official script features a major progress of Chinese handwriting and a big revolution in the calligraphy history, lying a foundation for the genre of calligraphy.--Gudongfang (talk) 11:49, 2 October 2020 (UTC)Gudongfang

The emergence of Clerical script was a great progress in Chinese writing and a revolution in the history of calligraphy, which laid the foundation for various schools of calligraphy in the future.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 05:02, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Luo Weijia 罗维嘉

公元前2世纪后期，古汉语一般是单音节，每个字表示一个词。 When the script was first used in the late 2nd millennium BC, words of Old Chinese were generally monosyllabic, and each character denoted a single word.

书法是将汉字书写作为一种艺术形式，将视觉艺术和字面含义结合起来。 Calligraphy is the writing of characters as an art form, combining visual art and the literary meaning.

楷书最早出现在汉魏之间，尽管那时并不流行。 The regular script first came into existence between the Han and Wei dynasties, even though it is not popular. --Luo Weijia (talk) 01:31, 2 October 2020 (UTC)

The regular script first appeared in the Han-Wei Period, which was not widely accepted at that time. --Xu Jia (talk) 08:23, 2 October 2020 (UTC) Xu Jia

Xiao Shuangling 肖双玲

1.一个国家的文字表达和承载着一个国家、民族的文化，文字因国家、民族文化的发展而传承，国家、民族文化也因文字的传承而延续、发展。

The language of a country expresses and carries the culture of a country and nation. The language is inherited due to the development of the country and national culture, and the country and national culture are also continued and developed due to the inheritance of the language.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 04:47, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

A country"s characters is an expression and carrier of its culture.Its characters are inherited by the cultural development of the country and nation,while the culture of the country and nation is continued and enhanced in the inheritance of the characters.--Xiao Ting (talk) 05:31, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

2.书法，是中国及深受中国文化影响过的周边国家和地区特有的一种文字美的艺术表现形式。 Calligraphy is a unique form of artistic expression of the beauty of characters in China and the surrounding countries and regions that have been deeply influenced by Chinese culture.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 04:47, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Calligraphy ,a peculiar form of expression of art for the beauty of characters,exists in China and the surrounding countries and regions having been greatly influenced by Chinese culture.--Xiao Ting (talk) 05:31, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

3.书法是中国传统文化最具标志的民族符号，它是用毛笔书写汉字并具有审美惯性的艺术形式。

Calligraphy is the most emblematic national symbol of Chinese traditional culture. It is an artistic form of writing Chinese characters with a brush and possessing aesthetic inertia.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 04:47, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Calligraphy is the most iconic national symptom of Chinese traditional culture.It is a form of art with brush for writing and aesthetic inertia.--Xiao Ting (talk) 05:31, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

Xiao Ting 肖婷

1.世界上还没有任何一种文字像汉字这样经久不衰。 从甲骨文发展到今天的汉字，已经有数千年的历史。 There is no any other characters as eduring as Chinese characters with thousands of years of history from Jiagu Wen (oracle script)to its counterpart today.

2.书法字体的发展以篆、隶、草、楷、行为顺序，结构和笔画逐渐变得俭省，除了实用性，还有了自己的艺术性。 The development of Chinese calligraphy follows a order of the seal scipt(zhuan),the offical or clerical script(li),the regular script(kai),the running hand(xing) and cusive handa(cao).During the process,its structure and strokes are becomung simple,possessing not only practicality but also its own artistry.

3.汉字书法为汉族独创的表现艺术，被誉为：无言的诗，无行的舞；无图的画，无声的乐等 As a Han-original espression of art ,Calligraphy is praised as poem of no words,dance of no movements,painting of no images,and music of silence --Xiao Ting (talk) 04:57, 3 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

As a Han-original expression of art, calligraphy is praised as poems without words, dances without movements, paintings without images, and musics without sound.--Zhang Yu (talk) 05:29, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Xu Jia 徐佳

1.古文字在历史中经历了长时间的演变，是华夏文化的结晶。

After centuries of evolution, ancient Chinese characters represent one of the splendid cultural achievements of China. --Xu Jia (talk) 07:58, 2 October 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

Ancient Chinese characters have undergone a long period of evolution in history and are the crystallization of Chinese culture.--You Yuting (talk) 03:38, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

2.隶书的产生是汉字的一大改革，其意义不仅在于汉字从此走向符号化，更重要的是它改变了汉字的书写方式和审美趋向，从而为楷书书法艺术的产生奠定了基础。

The emergence of Li Shu was a significant reform of Chinese characters, since it made Chinese characters more symbolic and showed a new aesthetics trend of writing, thus laying the foundation for the appearance of Kai Shu. --Xu Jia (talk) 07:58, 2 October 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

3.楷书由隶书逐渐演变而来，更趋简化，横平竖直，字体端正，是现代通行的汉字正体字。

Kai Shu, the regular script, evolved from Li Shu. It is more simplified and has been widely used in modern society. It has smooth horizontal and vertical strokes, and the shape of characters is square. --Xu Jia (talk) 07:58, 2 October 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

You Yuting 游雨婷

1.每一个汉字如同鲜活跳动的生命,都承载着中华民族悠久而灿烂的文明.书写汉字的同时,本身就是在传承中华文明,增进人们对中华文化的了解,从而更能增强人们对祖国的热爱。 Every Chinese character, like a living life, carries the time-honored and splendid civilization of the Chinese nation. When writing Chinese characters, we are carrying forward Chinese civilization and improving people's understanding of Chinese culture, thus enhancing people's love for the motherland.

2.书法，是世界上少数几种文字所有的艺术形式。其中，“中国书法”是汉字特有的一种艺术表现形式，被誉为:无言的诗，无形的舞，无图的画，无声的乐。 Calligraphy is one of the few written art forms in the world. Among them, "Chinese calligraphy" is a unique artistic form of Chinese characters, known as: silent poetry, intangible dance, painting without pictures, and soundless music.

3.书法的演变一般是指书法字体的演变。中国书法历史悠久，书体沿革流变，书法艺术异采迷人。从甲骨文、金文演变而为大篆、小篆、隶书。 The evolution of calligraphy generally refers to the evolution of calligraphy fonts. Chinese calligraphy changes in the style of calligraphy with a long history.The art of calligraphy is unique and fascinating.Calligraphy has been giving out artistic charm from inscriptions on bones and inscriptions on ancient bronze objects to major seal script, small seal script and official script.--You Yuting (talk) 03:37, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Yuan Tianyi 袁天翼

近年来，随着经济的快速增长，中国的国际影响力提升了，世界上学汉字的人也多了起来。这套独特的符号系统积淀了丰富的历史文化内容，西方人在学汉字的过程中甚至能体会到这个东方民族细腻的思想。如今在中国，汉字也越来越受到人们的重视。

In recent years, with the rapid growth of economy, the international influences of China has improved, along with it is the increasing number of people who begin to learn to write Chinese characters, which boasts unique symbol system that accumulates rich historical and cultural contents. The occidentals can even appreciate delicate ideas of the orientals through learning Chinese characters. In China, nowadays, growing attention is attached to Chinese characters in China.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 08:54, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

中国书法作为汉字书写的艺术，具有非常悠久的历史。它是中国艺术的最高形式之一，既能传达思想，又能展示线条抽象的美感。人们还普遍认为，练习书法能够使人保持身体健康。中国历史上的书法家多有长寿之辈，也证实了这一说法。

Chinese calligraphy boasts the fame of a time-honored art of the writing of Chinese characters, as well as one of the highest forms of art, serving the purpose of conveying ideas and showcase the aesthetic of abstract lines. It is generally acknowledged that practising calligraphy is wholesome to people’s health, which is also proven by Chinese history that boasts calligraphers who enjoyed longevity.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 08:54, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

书法的演变一般是指书法字体的演变。一般说来魏晋时期既是书体的终结期，又是书法技法的集大成期。中国书法历史悠久，书体沿革流变，书法艺术异采迷人。从甲骨文、金文演变而为大篆、小篆、隶书，至东汉、魏、晋的草书、楷书、行书诸体，书法一直散发着独特的艺术魅力。

The evolution of calligraphy usually refers to that of the fonts of calligraphy. Generally speaking, the Wei-Jin period not only represents the termination of chirography, but also reveals the climax of the skills of calligraphy. The time-honored Chinese calligraphy boasts ever-changing chirography with miscellaneous and captivating art. From Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Bronze Inscriptions to Large Seal Script, Small Seal Script and Official Script, and even to fonts like cursive script, regular script and running hand from the Eastern Han, Wei and Jin dynasties, Chinese calligraphy consistently possesses unique charm.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 08:54, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Zhang Yu 张瑜

1.汉字不仅仅是中国人交流信息的符号，更承载着我们民族的历史、文化和精神气象。

The Chinese characters not only are the symbols for Chinese people to exchange information, but also carry our national history, culture and spiritual atmosphere.

2.书法艺术作为传统文化的重要组成部分，在中国文化中最具典型特征，有着悠久的历史与深厚的底蕴。

The art of calligraphy, as an important part of traditional culture, has typical characteristics, long history and profound foundation.

3.中国书法在数千年的发展中已经形成系统体系，并在不断追求多样化的表现形式。

Chinese calligraphy has formed its own systems in the course of development for thousands of years, and it has been pursuing diverse forms of expression.--Zhang Yu (talk) 05:14, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Zou Xinyu 邹鑫雨

--Phyo Su Kyi 1 (talk) 04:07, 3 October 2020 (UTC)==Phyo Su Kyi==

1-尚可发现的最早的中国文字证据是商代晚期（约1250-1050 BC）刻在青铜器皿和甲骨上的铭文。这些最早的可以追溯到公元前1200年左右。 The earliest confirmed evidence of the Chinese script yet discovered is the body of inscriptions carved on bronze vessels and oracle bones from the late Shang dynasty (c. 1250–1050 BC). The earliest of these is dated to around 1200 BC.

2-保持较高的画笔会产生较弱，较柔和的笔触，而靠近画笔的位置则会产生较硬，更清晰的笔触。用无名指，中指和拇指握住画笔。肘部保持在桌子上方。 Holding the brush higher creates weaker, softer strokes while holding closer to the bristles create solid, more defined strokes. Use your ring finger, middle finger and thumb to hold the brush. Keep your elbow above the table.

3- 中国古代文字是从商代（公元前1600年至1046年）的占卜实践演变而来的。一些理论认为，在班坡村发现的陶片上的图像和标记是早期书写系统的证据，但这一主张屡屡受到质疑。

Ancient Chinese writing evolved from the practice of divination during the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BCE). Some theories suggest that images and markings on pottery shards found at Ban Po Village are evidence of an early writing system but this claim has been challenged repeatedly.Apr 7, 2016

RAJABOV ANUSHERVON

你们--RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10 (talk) 07:04, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

GUIROU BARTHELEMY

Translation --GUIROU BARTHELEMY (talk) 03:53, 3 October 2020 (UTC)