20201007 cult

Gao Mingzhu 高明珠

1、绣女手中的针线犹如画家手中的笔墨丹青，可以绣出璀璨精美的图画，显示出不同时代的文化风貌和艺术成就。

Like the pen and ink holding by painters, the needle in hands of embroiders can create brilliant and exquisite paintings which showed different cultures and artistic achievements of different times.

2、在西方人的心目中，奢华的景泰蓝代表着中国灿烂的文明。

In the western people’s eyes, luxury Cloisonne is the embodiment of China’s splendid civilization.

In the western people’s mind, luxury Cloisonne represents China’s splendid civilization.--Tan Yuanyuan (talk) 15:34, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

3、殷商时代已有“石器雕琢，觞酌刻镂”的漆艺。

Dating back to the period of Yin and Shang dynasties, people created the lacquer art by curving on stones and making hollowed-out wine cups.

4、中国石雕有南北两个派别之分，北派豪放壮伟，南派婉约精美。

Chinese stone carving is divided into two parts——the north part and the south part. The north part is characterized by being unconstrained and magnificent while the south part being implicit and exquisite.--Gao Mingzhu (talk) 13:48, 8 October 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

Liu Yi 刘艺

1.刺绣是中国民间传统手工艺之一，在中国至少有二三千年历史。中国刺绣主要有苏绣、湘绣、蜀绣和粤绣四大门类。

1.Embroidery is one of the traditional Chinese folk handicrafts, with a history of at least two to three thousand years in China. There are four main categories of Chinese embroidery: Suzhou embroidery, Hunan embroidery, Sichuan embroidery and Guangdong embroidery.--Liu Yi (talk) 15:35, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

2.北京是中国景泰蓝的发祥地，也是最为重要的产地。关于景泰蓝的起源，考古界没有统一的答案。一种观点认为景泰蓝诞生于唐代。

2.Beijing is the birthplace of China's cloisonne and the most important place of production. About the origin of cloisonne, there is no unified answer in the archaeological world. One view is that cloisonne was born in the Tang Dynasty.--Liu Yi (talk) 15:35, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

3.中国古代漆器的工艺，早在新石器时代就已经出现，夏代的漆器不仅用于日常生活，也用于祭祀.

3.The craftsmanship of ancient Chinese lacquerware has appeared as early as the Neolithic Age. The lacquerware of the Xia Dynasty was used not only in daily life, but also in sacrifices.--Liu Yi (talk) 15:35, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

4.总之，刀法就是雕刻家用来体现自己创作构思的技术手法，也是形象地揭示艺术内容的手段。

4.To conclude, the knife technique is a kind of skill used by the sculptor to show his creative ideas, and it is also a means to reveal the artistic content vividly.--Liu Yi (talk) 15:35, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

Lou Cancan 娄灿灿

1 苏绣是流传于苏州及其周边地区的民间刺绣工艺，形成于三国时期，与粤绣、湘绣、蜀绣并称中国四大名绣，至今已有2000余年的历史。明清时期，苏绣开始成熟并且逐渐形成了精细、雅洁的风格，它的传承完整且没有断代。

Su Embroidery used to be a popular folk craft in the Yangtze River area around Suzhou City. Together with Yue, Xiang, and Shu embroideries, they are called the Four Famous Embroideries of China. Emerged in the Three Kingdoms Period, Su Embroidery has a history of more than 2000 years. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, it prospered and generally developed its delicate and elegant styles. The legacy of Su Embroidery is consistent without any discontinuities.--Lou Cancan (talk) 12:11, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

2 景泰蓝（Cloisonne），中国的著名特种金属工艺品类之一，到明代景泰年间这种工艺技术制作达到了最巅峰，这一期间制作出的工艺品最为精美，故后人称这种金属器为“景泰蓝”。

Cloisonne is one of China's famous special metal handiworks. This kind of craft reached its peak in the Jingtai period of the Ming dynasty when craftsmen produced the most exquisite cloisonnes, so the later generations called this kind of metal ware "Cloisonne".--Lou Cancan (talk) 12:11, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

3 漆器起源于中国，千百年来一直与中国人的生活息息相关，从王侯贵族到平民百姓，漆器始终是生活的日用器物。

Lacquerware originate in China and have been closely related to the life of Chinese people for thousands of years. From the aristocratic to common people, lacquerware have always been daily-used articles.--Lou Cancan (talk) 12:11, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

Lacquerware originated in China and has been closely related to the lives of Chinese people for thousands of years. From princes and nobles to common people, lacquerware has always been a daily utensil of life.--WuQiong (talk) 14:57, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

4 众所周知，玉雕是中国最古老的雕刻品种之一。早在新石器时代晚期，中华民族就有了玉制工具。商周时期，制玉成为一种专业，玉器是礼仪用具和装饰佩件。在中国古代，玉被当作美好品物的标志和德行的象征。

It is universally acknowledged by the world that jade carving (玉雕) is one of the oldest carving arts in China. Crude jade tools appeared in China as early as in the late Neolithic Age (新石器时代). And in the primitive society, our ancestries began to make manufacturing jade tools such as knife, shovel, ax and lance and the jade ornaments. Jade carving became an industry in the Shang (商) (16th century BC- 11th century BC) and Zhou (周) (11th BC- 221 BC) dynasties. Jade wares were used in rituals or as decorative pendants. In ancient China, jade was also regarded as a symbol of refinement and moral ethics. --Lou Cancan (talk) 12:11, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

Tan Yuanyuan 谭媛媛

1.瓯绣是中国出口名绣之一，不仅被国家珍藏，还被作为国礼赠送，有“发绣外交”之说。

Ou Embroidery is one of China's famous embroidery exports.It is not only treasured by the country,but also presented as a national gift.There is a saying of " embroidery diplomacy".--Tan Yuanyuan (talk) 15:29, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

2.作为一种宫廷艺术，景泰蓝是明清宫中高贵的装饰艺术品，是皇室权力与地位的象征。

As a palace art,cloisonne is a noble decorative artwork in Ming and Qing palaces,and a symbol of royal power and status.--Tan Yuanyuan (talk) 15:29, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

3.在湖北曾侯乙墓出土的漆器有220多件。这些漆器是楚墓中年代最早也是最为精彩的，而且品类全，器型大，风格古朴，这些精美的漆器体现了楚文化的神韵。

There are more than 220 lacquer wares unearthed from the tomb of Zenghouyi(the lord of Zeng state in the Western Zhou Dynasty) in Hubei. These lacquer wares are among the earliest and most exciting things in the Chu tombs, and they have a wide range of types, simple styles and large in size.These exquisite lacquer wares reflect the charm of Chu culture.--Tan Yuanyuan (talk) 15:29, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

4.木雕是以各种木材及树根为材料进行雕刻，是以传统雕刻工艺中的重要门类。木雕的历史非常悠久，在浙江余姚河姆渡文化遗址就有木雕鱼出土，这是我国木雕史上最早的实物。

Wood carving is based on a variety of materials such as wood and tree roots.It is an important category in traditional carving crafts. Wood carving has a very long history. Wood carving fish were unearthed at the Hemudu Cultural Site in Yuyao,Zhejiang province. This is the earliest physical object in the history of wood carving in my country.--Tan Yuanyuan (talk) 15:29, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

Tang Yiran 汤伊然

1.湘绣强调写实，质朴而优美，形象生动，结构上虚实结合，巧妙地将中国传统的绘画、刺绣、诗词、书法、金石各种艺术融为一体。

Xiang embroidery focuses on authenticity and boasts vivid and exquisite designs. With the combination of the real and the virtual, it integrates many other Chinese traditional arts including painting, embroidery, poetry, calligraphy and epigraphy.--Tang Yiran1 (talk) 04:35, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

The Xiang embroidery focuses on authenticity and boasts simple, exquisite and vivid designs. With the combination of the real and the virtual, it integrates many other Chinese traditional arts ingeniously including painting, embroidery, poetry, calligraphy and epigraphy.--Lou Cancan (talk) 12:35, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

2.清代的景泰蓝工艺比明代有提高，胎薄，掐丝细，彩釉也比明代要鲜艳，并且无砂眼，花纹图案繁复多样。

The technology of cloisonné further developed in the Qing Dynasty over that of the Ming Dynasty, with thinner body, finer wire inlay and brighter glaze. Besides, Qing’s cloisonné was free from sand hole and had intricate and varied patterns.--Tang Yiran1 (talk) 04:35, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

The technology of cloisonné further developed in the Qing Dynasty over that in the Ming Dynasty, with thinner body, finer wire inlay and brighter glaze. Besides, Qing’s cloisonné was free from sand holes and had intricate and various patterns.--Lou Cancan (talk) 12:35, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

3.漆器在收藏时应注意避免阳光曝晒、烟熏。收藏室的湿度和温度不宜急剧变化，避免忽干忽湿，最好把漆器放在温度和湿度比较恒定的房中。

Sun and smoke should be avoided for storing lacquerware and the temperature and humidity of the collection room better need to be sustained.--Tang Yiran1 (talk) 04:35, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

Be careful not to expose the lacquerwares to strong sunshine and smoke when storing them. The humility and temperature in collection room should be steady. To avoid the abrupt change in external environment, it would be better to the lacquerwares in room with sustained temperature and humidity. --Lou Cancan (talk) 12:35, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

4.宗教雕塑主要保存于寺庙和石窟寺之内，由于寺庙毁损严重，石窟寺雕塑便成为宗教雕塑遗存的主要代表。

Religious sculptures were preserved in temples and grottoes. Due to severe damage of the former, the remains of these sculptures were mainly housed by the latter.--Tang Yiran1 (talk) 04:35, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

Religious sculptures were mainly preserved in temples and grottoes. Due to severe damage to the former, the remains of these sculptures were primarily housed by the latter.--Lou Cancan (talk) 12:35, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

Religious sculptures were mainly preserved in temples and grottoes. Due to the severe damage to the temples, the cave temple sculptures became the main representative of the remains of religious sculptures.--WuQiong (talk) 14:53, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

Wu Qiong 吴琼

1.刺绣在渭南世代相传，遍及全市。 Embroidery has been passed down from generation to generation in Weinan and spread throughout the city.--WuQiong (talk) 14:48, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

2.因其在明朝景泰年间盛行，制作技艺比较成熟，使用的珐琅釉多以蓝色为主，故而得名“景泰蓝”。 As it was popular in the Jingtai period of the Ming Dynasty, the production skills were relatively mature, and the enamel glaze mainly was blue, hence owned the name "cloisonne".--WuQiong (talk) 14:48, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

3.用漆器作涂料，有耐潮、耐高温、耐腐蚀等特殊功能，又可以配制出不同色漆，光彩照人。 Using the lacquerer with special functions such as moisture resistance, high temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance as a coating, it can also be used to formulate different color paints with brilliance.--WuQiong (talk) 14:48, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

4.刀法就是雕刻家用来体现自己创作构思的技术手法，也是形象地揭示艺术内容的手段。 The way the sculptors carve embodies their technique skills with creative ideas, and it is also a way to vividly reveal the artistic content.--WuQiong (talk) 14:48, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

Zhang Hui 张慧

1.宋代时期崇尚刺绣服装的风气，已逐渐在民间广泛流行，这也促使了中国丝绣工艺的发展。 In the Song Dynasty, the trend of advocating embroidery clothing has gradually become popular among the people, which also promoted the development of Chinese silk embroidery technology.--Zhang Hui (talk) 15:35, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

2.景泰蓝，中国的著名特种金属工艺品类之一，到明代景泰年间这种工艺技术制作达到了最巅峰，制作出的工艺品最为精美而著名，故后人称这种金属器为“景泰蓝”。 Cloisonne, one of the famous special metal crafts in China, reached its peak during the Jingtai period of the Ming Dynasty, and the crafts produced were the most exquisite and famous, so later generations called this metalware "cloisonne" .--Zhang Hui (talk) 15:35, 8 October 2020 (UTC)

3.漆器的发明和使用是中华民族对人类文明的杰出贡献，是我国古老的优秀传统手工艺品，在商周时期漆器的品种和工艺水平登上了高峰。 The invention and use of lacquerware is an outstanding contribution of the Chinese nation to human civilization. It is an excellent ancient traditional handicraft in China. The variety and craftsmanship of lacquerware reached a peak during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties.--Zhang Hui (talk) 15:35, 8 October 2020 (UTC)