Comp Stud Trans EN 2

2.1 Abstract: The philosophical study of translation plays an indispensable role in promoting the construction and development of translation studies with a dialectical thinking. Both Chinese and Western translators have explored the translation philosophy in diverse perspectives throughout history. On philosophical issues, paradigms of translation study and essence of “Translation” are fundamental, while the translator (translator-subjectivity) is one of the direct actors. Thus they act on as the cornerstones of the basic issues of translation——Ontology and Translator’ s Subjectivity. On the macroscale, the formation and development of translation theory in China are related to the historical and socio-cultural contexts as well as the perception of language and ideology; In contrast, the formation in the West has been developing together with translation activities, from the advocation of “empirical”, hermeneutics, structuralism, ect., to nowadays pluralistic theories. The discussion of the essence of "Translation" has also been presented in multiplex manners by theorists in China and the West. Their discussions have continuously reinforced the framework of translation theories, which are the important fundations for examining the relationship between the subject and object of translation; On the other hand, translators, as actors of translation theories and practices, directly influence the processes and results of translation. Generally speaking, the translator-subjectivity in Chinese translation history has been in a relatively central position, as present theories also emphasizes the relationship between translator-subjectivity, author-subjectivity and reader-subjectivity. While that of the West has gone through a process from the position of "invisibility" , "presence" then to "harmony". The comparative studies on Chinese and Western philosophies of translation are not only of fundamentality to the development of the theoretical and applied practice of the disciplines, but also of great significance to the study of Chinese and Western cultural backgrounds and thinking patterns.

2.2 Keywords: Translation philosophy; Comparative Studies; Ontology；Translator‘ s Subjectivity

2.3 中文摘要：翻译哲学研究以辩证的思维方式对翻译研究的建设和发展起着不可或缺的推动作用。历史上，中西方的翻译家都从不同的角度对翻译哲学进行了探索。在哲学问题上，翻译研究的范式和 "翻译 "的本质是翻译哲学的根本问题，而译者（译者主体性）则是翻译哲学的直接施行者。因此，翻译的本体论和译者的主体性组成了翻译基本问题的基石。从宏观上看，中国翻译理论的形成和发展，与历史和社会文化背景以及对语言和意识形态的认识有关；而纵观西方，从实用主义、解释学、结构主义等等翻译理论的倡导，到如今的多元理论，其翻译理论的形成则是与翻译活动一起发展的。中西方理论家对 "翻译 "本质的讨论也以多元的方式呈现，他们的讨论不断强化着翻译理论的框架，成为研究翻译主体和客体关系的重要依据；另外，翻译主体作为翻译理论和实践的施行者，直接影响着翻译的过程和结果。总的来说，译者主体性在中国翻译史上处于相对的核心地位，目前的理论也强调译者主体性、作者主体性和读者主体性之间的关系。而西方则经历了一个从 "隐形 "到 "在场 "再到 "和谐 "的过程。中西方翻译哲学的比较研究，不仅对学科理论和应用实践的发展具有基础性意义，而且对研究中西方文化背景和思维模式具有重要意义。

2.4 关键词：翻译哲学；对比研究；本体论；译者主体

2.5 Introduction

   As the statement of British translation theorist Newmark, it should be noticed that the philosophy is the fundamental problem of translation (Newmark) . The relationship of translation theory and philosophy not only closely related, but also intertwined and interpenetrated, which underlys the correlation that translation philosophy is the manner of guiding the development of translation thoery. According to Pan Wenguo and Tan Huimin’ s Comparative Linguistics, we can say that the discipline of translation can be divided into four levels: Translation Philosophy - Translation Theory - Translation Application Theory - Translation Application Practice (190) . These four levels mutually supported to each other, which constitute an organism of translation discipline. Among them, the Translation Philosophy is at the highest level, which is “the driving force for the development of the discipline's theory and the key to keeping it alive”(191) . Therefore, the philosophical study of translation plays an indispensable role in the construction of the discipline. In an era of accelerated globalization, where a hundred theories and disciplines are competing and different cultures are in fierce collisions, translation and its philosophical problems, which served as the important bridge between China and the West, should be given adequate attention.
   Both Chinese and Western translators have explored the translation philosophy in diverse perspectives throughout history. On philosophical issues, paradigms of translation study and essence of “Translation” are fundamental, while the translator (translator- subjectivity) is one of the direct actors. Thus they act on as the cornerstones of the basic issues of translation- Ontology and Translator’ s Subjectivity. On the macroscale, the formation and development of translation theory in China are related to the historical and socio-cultural contexts as well as the perception of language and ideology; In contrast, the formation in the West has been developing together with translation activities, from the advocation of “empirical”, hermeneutics, structuralism, ect., to nowadays pluralistic theories. The discussion of the essence of “Translation” has also been presented in multiplex manners by theorists in China and the West. Their discussions have continuously reinforced the framework of translation theories, which are the important fundations for examining the relationship between the subject and object of translation; On the other hand, translators, as actors of translation theories and practices, directly influence the processes and results of translation. Generally speaking, the translator-subjectivity in Chinese translation history has been in a relatively central position, as present theories also emphasizes the relationship between translator-subjectivity, author-subjectivity and reader-subjectivity. While that of the West has gone through a process from the position of “invisibility” ,  “presence” then to “harmony”. The comparative studies on Chinese and Western philosophies of translation are not only of fundamentality to the development of the theoretical and applied practice of the disciplines, but also of great significance to the study of Chinese and Western cultural backgrounds and thinking patterns.

2.6 Translation Ontology

   2.6.1 Comparison on Paradigms of Translation Study in China and the West
   2.6.2 Comparison on Essence and Definition of "Translation" in China and the West

2.7 Translator-Subjectivity

    2.7.1 Translator-Subjectivity in China
    2.7.2 Translator-Subjectivity in the West

2.8 Mutual Learning of Translation Philosophy in China and the West

   2.8.1 Mutual Learning: Present and Outlook
   2.8.2 Introspection and Suggestion

2.9 Reference