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Akira Jantarat： History of Chinese-Thai Translation from Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasty to 21st Century
Abstract
Translation has been around for a long time. Because people on this planet have different languages and cultures. However, historical evidence suggests that shortly after the birth of human civilization, Humans have begun to know the translation. The first translation is evidenced around 3000 BC. In the early days of translation, there were no theories of scholarly ideas, so translations were the subject of philosophers, poets, or aristocracy. Most of the translations are related to religion or literature. and as the translation becomes more extensive the scope of translation is expanding. The translation is no longer limited to sages. but has become a tool to promote the exchange of knowledge in various fields between people who use different languages There are different cultures and different lifestyles. However, the relationship between China and Thailand in history dates back to around the Han Dynasty or the Tang Dynasty, which is considered the most prosperous and golden age in literature. causing literature, art, and literature to be transmitted to neighboring countries including Thailand Thus, in those days, Thailand had to translate literature and literature from Chinese into Thai. and other translation works have been produced until the present but if counted by time How did Chinese-Thai translations begin? What is the story of each era? And what role did famous translations of that era play in its long history? This article will provide answers to those who are searching for these questions. This article will divide the topics according to important eras. It will talk about the beginning of translation from Chinese into Thai. Famous stories or translations of each era , including the role of translation, have impacted society and the way people live in the present. including the relationship between the two countries Therefore, we cannot deny that translation has played a very important and important role in Chinese and Thai history.
Key words
翻译，中泰翻译，翻译历史
Introduction
1.1 Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasty
Wei Jin Southern and Northern era is the era that corresponds to the Ayutthaya period of Thailand. Although at that time in China Buddhism was revered. but is still limited in a narrow circle is among the civil servants and the upper classes It is not widespread among the people of the city. Chinese-Thai translations in that era were mostly translations in the field of Buddhist scriptures (Ma 1986:1) Because the translation of Buddhist scriptures at that time was considered a bridge in the exchange between Chinese and Thai Buddhists. thus promoting the development of Buddhist cultural works of both countries. Therefore, at that time, most of the translations were made to the translation of Buddhist scriptures, such as the Mandala of the guru and the translation of the Phra Bharat. It can be considered that Wei Jinnan Bei Chao is a historic moment for the prosperous exchange of Buddhist culture between China and Thailand.
1.2 Sui and Tang Dynasty to Qing Dynasty
From the Ming dynasty to this moment, there have been some of the most frequent exchanges and visits between the two sides in the history of China-Siamese relations. In addition to coming to politics, economy, relationships, Coming to the exchange of arts, culture is becoming more frequent. Since the Sui dynasty, Chinese-Thai translations are not limited to religious culture only. but also related to diplomatic relations between the two countries. During this period of the Ming dynasty, A place to teach the Thai language was established in China named “暹罗馆”（xianluoguan）. It was added to "四夷馆" （siyiguan）, where the establishment of this language teaching facility led to diplomatic exchanges. and exchange students and is considered to cultivate the ability to translate Chinese into Thai. The establishment of this language teaching facility not only cultivates students' ability to translate languages. But it is also considered a cultural exchange between the two countries. First, the ambassador in “四夷馆” (siyigaun) gave the people of the Ming dynasty an opportunity to learn and understand the culture of Thailand. It is a platform for cultural exchange between the two countries. Thailand has divided learning into 18 chapters so that Chinese translators can learn quickly. And there are two books translated at that time, is “华夷译语”(huayiyiyu) and “暹罗馆译语”(xianluoguanyiyu)
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms novel (三国演义) is considered a very famous translation in history. It is historical Chinese literature. And is literature that people know and have always been popular. It was composed around the 14th century during the Ming dynasty of China. Written by Luo Guanzhong(罗贯中) Translated and compiled into Thai for the first time by Chao Phraya Phra Klang Hone in the reign of the King Buddha Yot Fa Chulalok the Great (Rama I) of Thailand, in 1802 in the form of a Thai book. The nature of translating a book from Chinese into Thai in ancient times was quite difficult. Because those who are proficient in Chinese are not proficient in the Thai language. Thai experts do not know Chinese. In translation, it requires the cooperation of both parties to translate together. Chinese expert department Translating the content out for the scribes to take notes on paper. And later, Thai language specialists bring the content that has been written and compiled into the Thai language again. to rearrange the words so that the words are beautiful and neat Therefore when Thai people read the legend of the Three Kingdoms. That version feels that the expressions are neat, consistent, easy to read The Three Kingdoms of China that Thailand has translated are of two types. because of has different translators.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms was first published in 1865 and has since been reprinted under the name " The Romance of the Three Kingdoms Book "Royal Society's Edition" in 1928. Currently, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms edition of the Chao Phraya Phra Klang Hone has been reprinted several times. The novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms that mentioned above. It played a huge role in the people of that era. Because the plot in the Three Kingdoms novel reflects many concepts. whether it reflects the idea of war in China values in social beliefs of people society or even the customs and traditions of Chinese society, For this reason, the novel The Three Kingdoms became famous. and has been translated into Thai From the past to the present, the literature of China has influenced the feelings and minds of the general public, including the Thai people, whether the literary power will affect whether or not it depends on the values and social conditions at that time. After the literary translation of the Three Kingdoms began, and the literature appeared in Thailand. Classical Chinese literature, whether Water Margin(水浒传) Journey to the West(西游记) The Golden Lotus（金瓶梅）Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio(聊斋志异)《东周列国志》，《东汉通俗演义》《封神演义》 is considered famous literature in this era. It has also been translated into the Thai language. Thus, in that era, the translation of literature from the Chinese version into the Thai version was printed in large numbers and widely spread.