Global attractiveness of Chinese culture

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On the Global attractiveness of Chinese culture, deadline: THURSDAY April 7, 6 p.m.

Please read chapter 11 of the text book, then answer the following questions:

Question 3: What strategy would you develop to make China the global leader of the hearts? To move China to the top right corner of the chart (clean and free) to be attractive to the whole world and that the world welcomes China to take over global leadership and even Taiwan province would be happy to reunite and that everybody wants to read the Book of Songs, Li Bai’s poems and the Red Chamber Dreams?

Question 4: What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power?

To answer this question 4, I highly recommend you search online for the pdfs of Joseph Nye on soft power (e.g. Nye 1990, Joseph S. Nye, Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power, 1990. Nye/Wang 2009, Joseph S. Nye/Jisi Wang, „Hard decisions on soft power“, in: Harvard International Review, http://hir.harvard.edu/agriculture/hard-decisions-on-soft-power).

Names of students

英语笔译 卞王倩 Bian Wangqian 202170081563

Question 3: What strategy would you develop to make China the global leader of the hearts?

（1）Make China a stronger country so as to have more equal dialogues for peace and development, and so that it is possible that pride and prejudice from the West itself can also be removed.

The accusations of such problems facing China as no rule of law, no separation of powers, no competition of parties, no freedom of expression, restrictions on access to information just partly tells true stories. China is a socialist country, whose systems are sure to carry Chinese characteristics in terms of its rule of law, power allocation and party. Differences and characteristics should be respected rather than be the excuse to be accused and slandered. As for freedom of expression and restrictions on access to information, I’m afraid the West will never do a better job than China. Trump and Twitter will be a good example, and it seems that the latter has been reduced to a propaganda machine and has been misleading the ordinary people. We have to recognize that pride and prejudice have been deeply rooted in the West so it will take a long long time or never for them to remove such ideas of China. To some degree, that’s how China is motivated, to become a stronger country so as to have her say and be free from being distorted and undervalued. And then the west and its allies might be open enough to see China and her persistent efforts in world peace and development in an objective manner.

（2）Make China’s society a more attractive one by promoting the strategy of “Go abroad” for Chinese culture

According to the textbook, the problems facing China now, such as corruption and pollution, are preventing China from being an attractive society for the west and even the world and from being or truly being a global leader. Exactly. These problems indeed exist until now, but they are never overlooked. Instead, China has been taking targeted and various measures to resolve what she is facing and improve where she did a bad job. Anti-corruption and pollution prevention efforts have never been stopped even in the face of such an annoying pandemic, with which China has been committed to dealing to ensure the basic rights of survival and health of Chinese people and even the world to which China actively offers protective materials and medical aids. The initiative of the building of a community with a shared future for mankind is never an empty promise, for China has been delivering its development benefits to all. That’s what China is doing to make its society a more attractive one. There is no exception for Chinese translators, who come to be aware of their responsibilities and translate more Chinese actions, Chinese wisdom and Chinese works into foreign languages. This is a good trend.

Question 4: What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power?

According to Joseph S. Nye, hard power means military and economic dominance of a nation, while soft power involves the appeal of a nation’s language, lifestyle, mentality, values and culture. The term “smart power” is applied to describe a combination of hard and soft power.

--Bian Wangqian (talk) 00:38, 7 April 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 陈路瑶 Chen Luyao 202170081565

Question 3: What strategy would you develop to make China the global leader of the hearts? To move China to the top right corner of the chart (clean and free) to be attractive to the whole world and that the world welcomes China to take over global leadership and even Taiwan province would be happy to reunite and that everybody wants to read the Book of Songs, Li Bai’s poems and the Red Chamber Dreams?

1. China should improve its hard power in all aspects, including economy and politics. Economy is the foundation of a country's development. When the economy is prosperous, the domestic people will be more confident and China will have more voice in the world. Politics is the support behind economic prosperity. Political stability can provide a good environment for economic development.

2. China should improve its soft power in all aspects, mainly including culture and ideology. From a global perspective, countries with leadership have done very well in soft power. Take the United States as an example, its films, music and books have penetrated into many countries, and these infiltration are mixed with ideology. Over time, other countries will be easy to act according to the ideology it instills and gradually cater to the interests of the United States. Therefore, the United States has more followers, so as to consolidate its world position.

3. China should combine soft power with hard power in order to play a greater role. In fact, from my analysis, it can also be seen that the United States has done a good job in improving its own strength and consolidating its world status by combining soft power and hard power. There is something worth learning. In fact, this is also a kind of strength. Improving all kinds of strength and letting other countries learn also improves its world status in this regard.

Question 4: What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power?

1.Soft Power：In 1990, Joseph Nye published "soft power" in Foreign Policy magazine, marking the birth of the concept of "soft power". In this article, his definition of soft power from the international political level is "the ability of a country to form a situation. With the help of this situation, the country enables other countries to develop their own tendencies and define their own interests in a way consistent with their tendencies and interests." At this time, he clearly pointed out that the resource base of soft power is culture, ideology and the ability to formulate international mechanisms.Joseph Nye further explained the concept of soft power in the challenge of soft power in 1999: soft power is the attraction of a country's culture and ideology, and the ability to achieve the desired results through attraction rather than coercion. It works by convincing others to follow you, or by letting others follow certain norms and systems that will promote them to take the behavior you expect. Soft power largely depends on the persuasion of information. If a country can make its position attractive in the eyes of others, or if a country strengthens the international system that encourages other countries to define their interests in the way of seeking coexistence, it does not need to expand those traditional economic power and live in military power.

2.Hard power refers to the dominant power, which refers to a country's economic power, military power and scientific and technological power; Generally speaking, hard power refers to visible and tangible material power. Hard power is a tangible carrier, while soft power is an invisible extension.

3.Smart power is the combination of hard power and soft power. The concept of "smart power" was first proposed and enriched by some American scholars. Now it is proposed by Hillary Clinton. It is aimed at Bush's neoconservative foreign policy, that is, the aggressive unilateralist strategy with one-sided emphasis on hard power. --Chen Luyao (talk) 07:55, 6 April 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 何丽娜 He Lina 202170081569

Question3:

China needs to build a society that is attractive to the Western world, which means it must have absolute power and influence in politics, economy, culture.

Firstly, China should establish a transparent government ,make relevant regulations and carry out strict supervision. Besides,China shall still remain true to the world for its commitment to being peaceful and bringing harmony to the world.

Secondly, China need to cope with pollution and protect our environment while seeking the economic progress.

Thirdly, China has a rich culture and history and we should adhere to cultural export, creating cultural products with Chinese characteristics.

Question 4:

Hard Power refers to the dominant power, including basic resources (such as land area, population, and natural resources), military Power, economic Power, and scientific and technological Power.

"Soft power" mainly includes the following aspects: First, the attraction and appeal of culture. The second is the appeal of ideology and political values. Third, the morality and legitimacy of China's foreign policy. Fourth, affinity in handling state-to-state relations.Fifth, the attractiveness of development paths and institutional models. Sixth, the ability to guide, formulate and control international norms, standards and mechanisms. Seventh, the degree of appreciation and recognition of a country's international image by international public opinion.

Smart power actually means a combination of soft and hard power. --He Lina (talk) 15:24, 5 April 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 黄琼 Huang Qiong 202170081571

Question 3: What strategy would you develop to make China the global leader of the hearts? To move China to the top right corner of the chart (clean and free) to be attractive to the whole world and that the world welcomes China to take over global leadership and even Taiwan province would be happy to reunite and that everybody wants to read the Book of Songs, Li Bai’s poems and the Red Chamber Dreams? China's cultural soft power and hard power are very inconsistent, cultural soft power has been checked. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the development of cultural industry, vigorously develop cultural economy, establish a strong sense of opportunity, develop ideas, expand the industrial scale, and build cultural brands with core competitiveness.We should draw lessons from the experience and successful cases of western countries in encouraging and incubating cultural industries. At the same time, we should enhance cultural transmission and expand cultural influence.

Question 4: What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power? Power in international relations has traditionally been defined and assessed in easily quantifiable ‘hard’ terms, often understood in the context of military and economic might. Hard power is deployed in the form of coercion: using force, the threat of force, economic sanctions, or inducements of payment. In contrast to the coercive nature of hard power, soft power describes the use of positive attraction and persuasion to achieve foreign policy objectives. Soft power shuns the traditional foreign policy tools of carrot and stick, seeking instead to achieve influence by building networks, communicating compelling narratives, establishing international rules, and drawing on the resources that make a country naturally attractive to the world.Smart power ‘is a concept that underscores the necessity of a strong military, but also invests heavily in alliances, partnerships, and institutions at all levels to expand American influence and establish the legitimacy of American action.’ More plainly, smart power is a combination of both hard and soft power approaches to diplomacy.

英语笔译 邝雨琪 Kuang Yuqi 202170081572

Question3:

1.Increase economic power to enhance geopolitical influence.

2.Take a constructive leadership role and focus on investing in infrastructure, clean energy, public health and other internationally urgent projects.

3.Improve the international communication work pattern, make innovations in publicity concepts and operation mechanisms, and pool more resources, so as to bring Chinese culture to the world.

Question 4:

Hard power: Hard power is when the country uses the military and economic means as an influence on the behaviour or interests of other political bodies. It is a form of political power which is often aggressive that is it uses coercion. It is most immediately effective when imposed by one political body upon another of lesser military and/or economic power.

Soft power: It is the ability of one country to diplomatically persuade another to act on its will. No use of force is applied here. Soft power can be good or bad from a normative perspective, depending on how it is used.

Smart power: Smart power is defined as the ability to combine hard- and soft-power resources into effective strategies. Unlike soft power, it is an evaluative concept as well as a descriptive concept.

英语笔译 李思敏 Li Simin 202170081574

Question 3:What strategy would you develop to make China the global leader of the hearts? To move China to the top right corner of the chart (clean and free) to be attractive to the whole world and that the world welcomes China to take over global leadership and even Taiwan province would be happy to reunite and that everybody wants to read the Book of Songs, Li Bai’s poems and the Red Chamber Dreams?

First of all, China does not want to lead any country. In order to improve China’s international influence, China should boost its economic and smart power development and promote traditional Chinese culture so as to make people around the world better understand China and Chinese culture.

Question 4:What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power?

Hard power means military and economic dominance; Soft power refers to a country's culture, values, social system and other factors that affect its own potential development and appeal; Smart power refers to the combination of hard and soft power.

英语笔译 李婷 Li Ting 202170081576

Question 3 Strengthen the comprehensive strength of the country, enhance the international influence of Chinese culture.

Question 4

Hard power refers to a country's economic power, military power and scientific and technological power and other dominant powers such as military power and economic power. Generally speaking, hard power refers to visible and tangible material power. According to Joseph Nye, hard power is the ability of a state to use its military and economic might to coerce or buy off other states.

Soft power coined by Josepf Nye, the term is "the ability of a nation to get what it wants by attracting and persuading other nations to follow its goals". There are three main sources: culture (where it works to appeal to other countries), political values (when the country strives to live up to those values at home and abroad), and foreign policy (when policies need to be seen as legitimate and have moral authority).

Smart power coined by Suzanne Nossel, the term emphasizes the combined use of hard and soft power to achieve a country's diplomatic goals.--Li Ting (talk) 07:23, 5 April 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 李颖 Li Ying 202170081578

Question 3: What strategy would you develop to make China the global leader of the hearts? The aim of China’s development was to benifit and protect ourseves, not to be the leader. Hence , we aim to become strong.There are several opinoions. （1）Try to improve the soft power of China,soft power makes China more attractive, so we could increase the output of chinese culture. （2）Improve hard power, according to Joseph S. Nye, hard power means military and economic dominance of a nation.so we could develop ourselves through these aspects. All of them is try to make China a comprehensive country.

Question 4: What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power? According to Joseph S. Nye, hard power means military and economic dominance of a nation, while soft power involves the appeal of a nation’s language, lifestyle, mentality, values and culture. The term “smart power” is applied to describe a combination of hard and soft power.

英语笔译 廖诗韵 Liao Shiyun 202170081582

Question 3: What strategy would you develop to make China the global leader of the hearts? To move China to the top right corner of the chart (clean and free) to be attractive to the whole world and that the world welcomes China to take over global leadership and even Taiwan province would be happy to reunite and that everybody wants to read the Book of Songs, Li Bai’s poems and the Red Chamber Dreams?

In my opinion, China should continue to develop its hard power, soft power and smart power. China should try to make its voice heard in the world. Try to let the people of the world know what Chinese people really thinks, not just believe what some news reports say. The Chinese people love peace and do not want to be the world leader. China is committed to promoting world peace and promoting development. Only by removing prejudice against China from other countries can China become attractive to other countries. In my opinion, on the one hand, we should do a good job in the translation and promotion of Chinese classics, and on the other hand, we should make efforts in the production of popular culture, letting other countries know China through culture.

Question 4:What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power?

Hard power means military and economic dominance;

Soft power means a country's culture, values, social system and other factors that affect its own potential development and appeal;

Smart power refers to the combination of hard and soft power.

英语笔译 刘唱 Liu Chang 202170081583

Question 3: What strategy would you develop to make China the global leader of the hearts? To move China to the top right corner of the chart (clean and free) to be attractive to the whole world and that the world welcomes China to take over global leadership and even Taiwan province would be happy to reunite and that everybody wants to read the Book of Songs, Li Bai’s poems and the Red Chamber Dreams?

It's always the cultural soft power that can attract the people from the other country, so if we want to make China the global leader, we need to further promote our cultral impact on the people from other places of the world. To achieve that, the government should attach more importance to the development of national cultural programs and make solid measures at a faster pace. Indidually, we need to focus more on own culture as a chinese so that we can build up our cultural self-confidence and be willing to introduce our culture to the people from other places. that's also the way of boosting soft power of our country.

Question 4: What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power?

Hard power refers to a country's economic power, military power and scientific and technological power by making use of its dominant power such as military power and economic power. Hard power: generally speaking, hard power refers to visible and tangible material power.According to Joseph Nye, hard power is the ability of a state to use its military and economic might to coerce or buy off other states.

Soft power: coined by Joseph Nair, the term is "the ability of a nation to get what it wants by attracting and persuading other nations to follow your goals".There are three main sources: culture (where it works to appeal to other countries), political values (when the country tries to live up to Western Zhejiang values at home and abroad), and foreign policy (when policies need to be seen as legitimate and have moral authority).There is also a view that influence outside the military is soft power.

Smart power: coined by Suzanne Nossel in Foreign Affairs magazine in 2004, the term emphasizes the use of a mix of hard and soft power to achieve diplomatic goals.--Liu Chang (talk) 06:55, 6 April 2022 (UTC)liuchang

英语笔译 刘乐乐 Liu Lele 202170081584

Question3：If we want to understand if the world would accept a Chinese leadership and wants to learn more about Chinese culture, including the classics, we need to differentiate between the self-perception and foreign-perception.

Question4：Joseph S. Nye in his 1990 book Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power (Nye 1990) coined the term “soft power,” he spoke about America, not China. He distinguished hard and soft power: hard power meaning military and economic dominance, with soft power determining the appeal of a nation’s language, lifestyle/mentality, values and culture. To describe a combination of hard and soft power, Nye applied the term “smart power.”

Besides,Joseph Nye also notes in his seminal work on the subject, real soft power comes from a society, not from government, and it cannot be bought.--Liu Lele (talk) 07:41, 7 April 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 刘双英 Liu Shuangying 202170081585

Question 3: What strategy would you develop to make China the global leader of the hearts? To move China to the top right corner of the chart (clean and free) to be attractive to the whole world and that the world welcomes China to take over global leadership and even Taiwan province would be happy to reunite and that everybody wants to read the Book of Songs, Li Bai’s poems and the Red Chamber Dreams? In order to be the leader of the world, except having a strong foundation and fastly developed economy, China has to make people all over the world know and even accept its culture and customs. If a country merely attache great importance to hard power, it will set all kinds of conflicts and problems by force. And other countries will be unwilling to truly acknowledge its starus.

Question 4: What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power At first, Hard power refers to the dominant power, refers to a country's economic strength, military strength and scientific and technological strength. It 's popularly said that hard power refers to the visible, tangible material power. Hard power is a tangible carrier. Secondly, soft power refers to a country's culture, values, social system and other factors that affect its own development potential and appeal. Finally,smart power is the conbination of hard power and soft power. It's intially put forward by American scholars.

英语笔译 刘婷 Liu Ting 202170081586

Question 3: What strategy would you develop to make China the global leader of the hearts? To move China to the top right corner of the chart (clean and free) to be attractive to the whole world and that the world welcomes China to take over global leadership and even Taiwan province would be happy to reunite and that everybody wants to read the Book of Songs, Li Bai’s poems and the Red Chamber Dreams?

First, we need to improve the transparency of our chinese government, reducing the corruption acts. Second, We should make our resolution and deliver our practical on some international issues, like the climate change and envrironment protection, thus win the trust of the rest world. Third, we need to improve our education, welfare and employment system, so as to cultivate, retain and absorb more talents.

Question 4: What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power?

Hard power: hard power means military and economic dominance, the ability to achieve one's goals by force, esp military force.

Soft power: soft power determines the appeal of a nation’s language, lifestyle/mentality, values and culture, the ability to achieve one's goals without force, esp by diplomacy, persuasion, etc.

Smart power: smart power is used to describe a combination of hard and soft power.

英语笔译 刘瑶 Liu Yao 202170081587

Q3：China has never had any idea of being a global leader and it will never take over global leadership for its commitment to enhance friendship and cooperation with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. In addition, personally whether Taiwan province would be happy to reunite doesn’t depend on China’s appealing to the world. After all, China is now an influential major country. I think it needs more time and it is an issue much related to the politics. We just don’t work on it, but it’s gonna happen. As for the classics thing, we have talked about it last week.

Q4：According to Joseph S. Nye, in his 1990 book Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power, he distinguished hard and soft power: hard power meaning military and economic dominance, with soft power determining the appeal of a nation’s language, lifestyle/mentality, values and culture. As for smart power, Nye described it as a combination of hard and soft power.--Liu Yao (talk) 09:38, 6 April 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 刘珍 Liu Zhen 202170081588

Question 3: What strategy would you develop to make China the global leader of the hearts? To move China to the top right corner of the chart (clean and free) to be attractive to the whole world and that the world welcomes China to take over global leadership and even Taiwan province would be happy to reunite and that everybody wants to read the Book of Songs, Li Bai’s poems and the Red Chamber Dreams?

The world presents a multi-polarization landscape. China will not lead any other country, because what we want is peaceful development. Each country has their own development path that fits to their national realities. China plays a positive role in the world to support peaceful development.To attract people worldwide to read Chinese classics, the Chinese government needs to improve its overall national strength, utilize platforms such as media to tell our Chinese stories.

Question 4: What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power? The ability of a nation or other political entity to reach a desired outcome through force or the threat of force (i.e. military action).The use of a country's cultural and economic influence to persuade other countries to do something, rather than the use of military power.Smart power ‘is a concept that underscores the necessity of a strong military, but also invests heavily in alliances, partnerships, and institutions at all levels to expand American influence and establish the legitimacy of American action.’ More plainly, smart power is a combination of both hard and soft power approaches to diplomacy.

英语笔译 马艳焕 Ma Yanhuan 202170081591

Question 3： Before answering the question I would like to clarify the fact that China has even less will and strategy to become the new global leader. Never to claim hegemony is the Chinese government's long-standing foreign policy. Mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, and co-business are the rules of international interaction that China will pursue in the future. For the sake of reuniting Taiwan one day and making Chinese culture popular, I think we should develop some strategies to enhance our comprehensive national power. First, economic development should be the centerpiece. The purpose of international competition is actually to seek economic benefits. And the success or failure of competition must be backed by economic strength. In order for a country to become a regional or global economic and cultural center of the world, a country must be a major economic power itself. Second, vigorously develop the strength and standard of science and technology. A major breakthrough in science and technology can often enhance the competitiveness of a product, and sometimes even drive or form a new industry, providing the basis and impetus for a country's economic, political and cultural development. Third, continuously improve cultural competitiveness. In order to be invincible in the increasingly fierce international competition in today's world, China must vigorously develop its culture. To improve China's cultural soft power, we should adhere to the scientific concept of development as the overall focus on the advantages of Chinese culture to actively study and learn from the successful experience of foreign countries, strengthen the construction of advanced socialist culture, strengthen the construction of ideology, strengthen the construction of ideology and morality, strengthen the construction of the system to come out of a new way with Chinese characteristics.

Question 4： Joseph S. Nye in his 1990 book Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power (Nye 1990) pointed out that hard power means military and economic dominance, with soft power determining the appeal of a nation’s language, lifestyle/mentality, values, and culture. To describe a combination of hard and soft power, Nye applied the term “smart power.” And in 2004 Nye put forward that soft power is the ability to get what you want through attraction rather than coercion or payment. and includes culture, values, and foreign policies.--Ma Yanhuan (talk) 09:01, 6 April 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 聂薇 Nie Wei 202170081592

Q3: Make efforts to make government work more transparent and further promote the anti-corruption campaign, so as to strengthen people’s trust in the government and thus win the affection of global people. Keep the talented stay in China with all possible measures to curb the brain drain, so as to promote social development. While pursuing our own interests, we should seek common development and consider the interests of other countries, showing our determination to protect the community of a shared future for all. Protect our people, ensure the welfare and other measures that will do good to our people, so we can deliver good lives to our people, which will vividly show the outside world that Chinese people live in happiness because of our political, cultural, economic and other conditions, so they will admire us and be willing to be led by us.

Q4: Hard power of a country refers to its economic strength, military strength and scientific and technological strength. The hard power of a country is the foundation of a country's national power,which is the dominant power. "Hard power" mainly consists of six elements: population, geographical conditions, natural resources, economic power, military power, the power of science and technology. Soft power refers to the intangible influence released by a country depending on the attraction of its political system, the appeal of its cultural values and the affinity of its national image. Soft power mainly includes seven aspects: first, the attraction and appeal of culture; second, the attraction of ideology and political values; third,the morality and legitimacy of foreign policy; and third, the attraction and appeal of ideology and political values. Fourth, the affinity when dealing with relations between countries; Fifth,the attractiveness of development paths and institutional models; Sixth,the ability to guide, formulate and control international norms, standards and mechanisms; Seventh, the degree of appreciation and recognition of a country's international image by international public opinion. Smart power refers to the ability to use all available soft and hard power---the combination of diplomatic, economic, military, political, legal, and cultural means to advance a country's interests. Smart power is neither hard power nor soft power. It is a holistic strategy that combines hard and soft power. It is necessary to flexibly and balanced the comprehensive application of all kinds of means according to different specific situations, and respond to complex practical challenges with complex methods.--Nie Wei (talk) 07:22, 5 April 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 孙丽君 Sun Lijun 202170081593

Q3：First of all, great efforts should be made to enhance the friendships among all other countries and put people home and abroad first and communicate with them in an open, inclusive, equal manner. Then, contribute the Chinese Wisdom to the worldwide especially some underdeveloped countries, which can draw on experiences from China as regard to poverty alleviation. Last but not least, some practical mechanisms should be established to cultivate talents in all fields to research and develop to make more contributions for this world and people.

Q4：Hard power refers to the dominant power, which refers to a country's economic strength, military strength and scientific and technological strength. Colloquially, hard power refers to material power that can be seen and felt. Soft power, in fact, refers to the cultural strength of a country, which involves many aspects of culture in addition to the single economic strength. The influence and image to the outside world all constitute the concept of the country's comprehensive national strength. Specific soft power refers to culture, education, legal environment, system construction, the country's governing ability, management ability, national mentality, national image, spirit as well as a lasting sense of cohesion of the people from the cultural tradition. But also cultural products, publications, newspapers, movies, television, and so on are involved. Even language, for example, offers a window to express the nation's cultural influence. While smart power is the combination of hard power and soft power .--Sun Lijun (talk) 14:25, 5 April 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 仝雨梦 Tong Yumeng 202170081594

Q3: First, improve China’s hard power further. Every country in the world who wants to become the global leader should equip himself with strong military and economic strength which are the backup force of development of all sections.

Second, do our best to improve China’s national soft power. According to Joseph Nye, hard power and soft power are of equal importance, but in the information age, soft power is becoming more prominent than ever before. Specifically, we should establish cultural confidence and firmly believe that Chinese culture has the potential to get the universal approbation. Moreover, we could create some cultural carriers, like Chinese classics, customs, values and arts, that can be recognized by the world with the help of new media. At the same time, we can learn from the experience of western developed countries to improve national soft power.

Q4：Hard power is a kind of directive and commanding power to get other states to change, which is usually associated with tangible resources like military and economic strength.

Soft power is a kind of indirect and co-optive power that getting others to want what you want, which can rest on the attraction of one’s ideas or on the ability to set the political agenda in a way that shapes the preferences that other express. It is often associated with intangible power resources such as culture, ideology, and institutions.

Smart power means the combination of hard power and soft power.

英语笔译 庹树梅 Tuo Shumei 202170081596

Question 3: First， From the government's point of view, the authorities should develop more strategies to improve the soft power of culture, actively promote the "going out policy", and show more of China's culture and various economic and political developments to the world. Second, From the perspective of the public, we should establish confidence in the road, theory, system and culture, actively introduce China to foreign friends, and strengthen friendly exchanges and cooperation with other countries. Third, Politically speaking, we should adhere to the socialist road of peaceful development and the five principles of peaceful coexistence, live in friendship with other countries for mutual benefit and a win-win situation, and never claim hegemony. In general, China should adhere to its reform and opening-up policy, maintain an open attitude to the outside world, keep up with the world's development, learn from the lessons, take the essence and remove the dross, and introduce and show the world a better China.

Question 4: What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power? Hard power is the dominant power, which refers to a country's economic power, military power and scientific and technological power; in common parlance, hard power is the visible and tangible material power. Hard power is the tangible carrier, soft power is the intangible extension. And soft power refers to a country's culture, values, social system and other factors that affect its development potential and appeal. Soft power is a capability to achieve its goals through attraction rather than coercion or inducement and is another component of a country's comprehensive power in addition to traditional, hard power based on military and economic strength. The introduction of this concept clarifies the important value of soft power and raises it to a position of equal or even greater importance than traditional "hard power," as Joseph Nye said, "Hard power and soft power are equally important, but in the information age, soft power is becoming more prominent than ever ". "Smart power" is the skillful use of all available "soft power" and "hard power", that is, the ability to use a combination of diplomatic, economic, military, political, legal, and cultural means to The ability to defend national interests. smart power is neither hard power nor soft power. It is a holistic strategy that integrates hard and soft power, a power base, and a "toolbox" to achieve U.S. objectives. It emphasizes the need for strong military power, but also focuses heavily on alliances, partnerships, and mechanisms at all levels, with the goal of expanding U.S. influence.

英语笔译 王思琪 Wang Siqi 202170081597

Question 3: First of all, we must enhance cultural self-awareness and cultural confidence, spread the splendid Chinese culture, provide opportunities for cultural exchanges, seek cultural commonalities and build a carrier for cultural communication, besides, we can highlight characteristics of Chinese culture, focus on national image building, enhance the creativity, appeal and credibility of our culture, Chinese people have created and will continue to create spiritual treasures for the appreciation of others. Only in this way can we truly bring Chinese culture to the world and win recognition and respect. Secondly,in the information age, efforts must also be made to enhance international discourse and influence by means of new media, and to spread Chinese culture through varied means of culture transmission.

Question 4: What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power? Hard power is the dominant power, the economic, military and scientific power of a country，hard power is a visible physical power.Soft power refers to spiritual power, including soft elements such as political power, cultural strength, diplomatic power and so on,soft power is the ability to achieve objectives through its attractions rather than coercion or inducement, and is another component of a country's overall power in addition to the traditional, hard power based on military and economic strength. Smart power refers to how a country uses both its soft and hard power in an integrated, balanced and skillful way to maximize its national interests in international politics in the strategic, political, diplomatic and economic spheres--Wang Siqi (talk) 15:01, 5 April 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 王亚娟 Wang Yajuan 202170081598

Q3：Firstly, China's comprehensive national power should be improved. Improving the country's hard power and enhancing our influence will make more countries pay attention to China; secondly, we should enhance the country's cultural soft power, strengthen the ability of cultural innovation and cultural confidence. Q4：Hard power refers to a country's economic power, military power, and scientific and technological power. Hard power is the power of a country to force other countries to submit to its leadership and command in international affairs by virtue of its coercive and dominant capabilities such as population, territory, natural resources, economic power, military power, and scientific and technological power, which it can actually use. Soft power is the ability of a country's culture and ideology to attract, rather than coerce, a desired outcome. Soft power is the ability of a country to make other countries do what it wants, but not through coercive military force, economic pressure, or the provision of material inducements. Soft power is neither a carrot nor a stick, but rather the ability to set an example and make others do what they want. In other words, soft power is about shaping the preferences of others. Smart power is a combination of hard and soft power. As a method, it is flexible and comprehensive. It is not the simple addition of the two, but the unification of the two. There is no clear ratio between the use of hard power and soft power in the application of smart power, and it is necessary to choose the application to achieve the maximum purpose and benefit according to different situations.

英语笔译 肖冬晴 Xiao Dongqing 202170081599

Question 3: What strategy would you develop to make China the global leader of the hearts? To move China to the top right corner of the chart (clean and free) to be attractive to the whole world and that the world welcomes China to take over global leadership and even Taiwan province would be happy to reunite and that everybody wants to read the Book of Songs, Li Bai’s poems and the Red Chamber Dreams?

First of all, it should be stated clear that no matter how much the circumstance changes, China has never sought and will never seek global hegemony in any forms and that Taiwan’s return to the motherland is just a matter of time. To answer the question, I believe what we students of translating major could do to help is scant yet significant in the meantime. The global acceptance of Chinese literature cannot be achieved within a single day, yet we postgraduate students could play outer part by having knowledge armed in our heads and make it our guidance in the process of literature translation.

Question 4: What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power?

When Joseph S. Nye in his 1990 book Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power (Nye 1990) coined the term "soft power," he spoke about America, not China. He distinguished hard and soft power: hard power meaning military and economic dominance, with soft power determining the appeal of a nation's language, lifestyle/mentality, values and culture. To describe a combination of hard and soft power, Nye applied the term "smart power."--Xiao Dongqing (talk) 03:31, 6 April 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 谢晓莹 Xie Xiaoying 202170081601

Question 3: What strategy would you develop to make China the global leader of the hearts? To move China to the top right corner of the chart (clean and free) to be attractive to the whole world and that the world welcomes China to take over global leadership and even Taiwan province would be happy to reunite and that everybody wants to read the Book of Songs, Li Bai’s poems and the Red Chamber Dreams? It should be stated clearly that China has never intended to and will never intend to be the global leader of the hearts. As the biggest developing country with the pursuit of anti-hegemonism and anti-power politics, China has no ambition of dominating the world, no matter how prosperous it is. To make people around the world read Chinese classics, there are many other ways, which has been talked about last week.

Question 4: What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power? (1)hard power: a coercive approach to international political relations, especially one that involves the use of military power. (2)soft power: a persuasive approach to international relations, typically involving the use of economic or cultural influence (3)smart power: the combination of hard power and soft power strategies, that is, an approach that underscores the necessity of a strong military, but also invests heavily in alliances, partnerships, and institutions of all levels to expand national influence and establish legitimacy of the action.--Xie Xiaoying (talk) 03:24, 7 April 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 熊嘉玲 Xiong Jialing 202170081602

Question 3: What strategy would you develop to make China the global leader of the hearts? To move China to the top right corner of the chart (clean and free) to be attractive to the whole world and that the world welcomes China to take over global leadership and even Taiwan province would be happy to reunite and that everybody wants to read the Book of Songs, Li Bai’s poems and the Red Chamber Dreams?

China will never seek hegemony. As we pay more attention on cultural export，I believe that our profound and diversified culture will be known by more people abroad.

Question 4: What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power?

Hard power: the ability to achieve one's goals by force, esp military force. Soft power: the ability to achieve one's goals without force, esp by diplomacy, persuasion, etc. Smart power: In international relations, the term smart power refers to the combination of hard power and soft power strategies. It is defined by the Center for Strategic and International Studies as "an approach that underscores the necessity of a strong military, but also invests heavily in alliances, partnerships, and institutions of all levels to expand American influence and establish legitimacy of American action.

英语笔译 杨紫微 Yang Ziwei 202170081605

Question 3: What strategy would you develop to make China the global leader of the hearts? To move China to the top right corner of the chart (clean and free) to be attractive to the whole world and that the world welcomes China to take over global leadership and even Taiwan province would be happy to reunite and that everybody wants to read the Book of Songs, Li Bai’s poems and the Red Chamber Dreams?

China has no intention to be the global leader. It has upheld the principle of peaceful development and diplomacy all the time. It has not only committed to its own development in every aspect, but also tried to promote the development of other countries as well which echoed the call of peace and development of the times. Therefore, China will further develop itself comprehensively to become a better country and not seek for hegemony and power politics since Chinese culture has stressed on harmony and peace in ancient times. In this way, it will attract more people who share the same mind and desire with us to know more about Chinese culture. And Taiwan has been always a part of China and we share the same cultural root.

Question 4: What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power?

Hard power refers to the dominant power, which refers to a country's economic strength, military strength and scientific and technological strength. Colloquially, hard power refers to material power that can be seen and felt. Hard power is a tangible carrier while soft power is an invisible extension. Soft power is relative to hard power such as GDP and urban infrastructure, and refers to a country's culture, values, social system and other factors that affect its own development potential and appeal. Smart power is an integrated strategy that combines hard and soft power. The term "smart power" was coined by Suzanne Noser, a senior fellow at the Institute for Security and Peace.It is the base of power and a "toolbox" for achieving U.S. objectives. It emphasizes both the need for a strong military and a strong focus on alliances, partnerships, and institutions at all levels aimed at expanding U.S. influence and establishing legitimacy for U.S. actions. Providing public goods to the world is central to this strategy, because it aligns America's overriding power with the interests and values of the rest of the world.

英语笔译 张国浩 Zhang Guohao 202170081606

Question 3: What strategy would you develop to make China the global leader of the hearts? To move China to the top right corner of the chart (clean and free) to be attractive to the whole world and that the world welcomes China to take over global leadership and even Taiwan province would be happy to reunite and that everybody wants to read the Book of Songs, Li Bai’s poems and the Red Chamber Dreams?

China should constantly improve its cultural soft power, promote Chinese culture to go abroad better and let people all over the world know more about Chinese culture and enhance the attraction of its own culture. At the same time, for all kinds of foreign cultures, we must take the essence, remove the dross, and actively absorb the advantages of other cultures to develop our own culture. In addition, Chinese culture has never been intended to become the dominant culture of other cultures. We adhere to the diversification of world civilizations and will never engage in cultural hegemony.

Question 4: What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power?

Hard power refers to the dominant power, which refers to a country's economic power, military power and scientific and technological power; Generally speaking, hard power refers to visible and tangible material power and it is a kind of tangible carrier. Soft power, in fact, refers to cultural power. It is an important embodiment of a country's comprehensive national strength. In the early 1990s, Joseph Nye, an American, put forward the concept of soft power, believing that soft power is the country's cultural power, including three forces: one is the cultural attraction to other countries; Second, the political values of the country; Third, a foreign policy with legitimacy and moral prestige. Professor Cheng Tianquan of Renmin University of China believes that soft power can have two meanings: external soft power and internal soft power. External soft power includes the country's creativity, ideological influence, affinity of concept and culture, and the ability to spread and radiate cultural products; Internal soft power, including condensing the national spirit and traditional culture of the country. Specific soft power refers to culture, education, legal environment, system construction, national ruling ability, management ability, national mentality, national image, national spirit and a lasting sense of influence and cohesion from cultural tradition. It also includes the influence of cultural products, such as publishing materials, newspapers, films, television, etc. Even language, for example, an influence of language expression. A kind of beauty and charm should be included. "Smart power" was put forward by American scholar Suzanne Norther in the magazine Diplomacy in 2004, emphasizing the comprehensive use of hard power and soft power to achieve the goal of American diplomacy. However, "Smart power" is a very vague concept. It not only includes hard power and soft power, but also does not make clear provisions on the proportion of using soft and hard power. Any decision-maker can actually claim that his use of power is "smart power".--Zhang Guohao (talk) 07:37, 6 April 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 张姣玲 Zhang Jiaoling 202170081607

Question 3: What strategy would you develop to make China the global leader of the hearts? To move China to the top right corner of the chart (clean and free) to be attractive to the whole world and that the world welcomes China to take over global leadership and even Taiwan province would be happy to reunite and that everybody wants to read the Book of Songs, Li Bai’s poems and the Red Chamber Dreams? First of all, China never intends to take over global leadership. It only strives to make its contribution to the world while pursuing its own development. Second, Taiwan has always been an integral part of China since ancient times, and it would naturally happily return to the big family in the future whether China is the global leader of hearts or not. As to Chinese Literature, I believe people will come to read them as China grows stronger and stronger and does excellent job in its "Going-out"strategy.

Question 4: What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power? Hard power refers to a country's economic power, military power and scientific and technological power by making use of its dominant power such as military power and economic power. Generally speaking, hard power refers to visible and tangible material power. According to Joseph Nye, hard power is the ability of a state to use its military and economic might to coerce or buy off other states. Soft power, coined by Joseph Nair, is "the ability of a nation to get what it wants by attracting and persuading other nations to follow your goals." There are three main sources: culture, political values, and foreign policy. Smart power, a term coined by Suzanne Nossel in 2004, emphasizes the combined use of hard and soft power to achieve the nation’s diplomatic goals.

英语笔译 张瑞 Zhang Rui 202170081608

Question 3: What strategy would you develop to make China the global leader of the hearts? To move China to the top right corner of the chart (clean and free) to be attractive to the whole world and that the world welcomes China to take over global leadership and even Taiwan province would be happy to reunite and that everybody wants to read the Book of Songs, Li Bai’s poems and the Red Chamber Dreams? China should strengthen international communication capacity building, forming a communication force commensurate with China's level of economic and social development and international status, and eliminating the "information deficit" in international communication has become an urgent task to enhance China's soft power.

Question 4: What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power? Hard Power is defined as a coercive approach to international political relations, one that involves the use of military and economic power to influence or control the behaviour or interests of other states or political groups. Thus, states with a strong military and economic capacity will generally wield their influence on states that are not so powerful in such capacities. Joseph Nye describes this term as “the ability to use the carrots and sticks of economic and military might to make others follow your will.”1 This means that stronger countries will exert influence on weaker states through the reduction of trade barriers, offering military security or any other beneficial offers (“carrots”). Likewise, they may also influence such countries through the use of threats such as imposing economic sanctions, trade restrictions, military intervention and use of force.

Soft Power is a term that was introduced by Joseph Nye. As mentioned before, it represents a more subtle form of power. It is defined as a persuasive approach to international political relations, involving the use of a nation’s cultural, historical and diplomatic influence. Nye explains it as a form of power that has the ability to attract and co-opt rather than coerce, use force, or provide payment as a means of persuasion.2 Unlike Hard Power, Soft Power is not based on the idea of force or coercion. In simple terms, Soft Power is the ability of a state to indirectly convince others to desire its goals and vision. States and non-state actors such as international organizations use Soft Power to present their preferences and, in turn, transform the preferences of others to match their preferences. Nye further explains that a nation’s Soft Power is based on the use of three resources, namely, “its culture (in places where it is attractive to others), its political values (when it lives up to them at home and abroad), and its foreign policies (where others see them as legitimate and having moral authority).

smart power refers to the combination of hard power and soft power strategies. It is defined by the Center for Strategic and International Studies as "an approach that underscores the necessity of a strong military, but also invests heavily in alliances, partnerships, and institutions of all levels to expand one's influence 

英语笔译 郑冬琴 Zheng Dongqin 202170081610

Q3:

In my opinion, we should devote ourselves to enhancing China's comprehensive national strength and continuously contribute to global peace and development, so as to enhance China's position in the international community. Only when our country becomes stronger and more advanced will we attract more people from other countries to understand and learn from China. At the same time, as the influence of cultural soft power increases, Chinese classics will become more and more popular all over the world.

Q4:

Soft power refers to the second aspect of power that a country has in international relations, excluding economic and military. It mainly includes the influence of culture, values, ideology and public opinion. Hard power is the use of military and economic means to influence the behavior or interests of other political bodies. This form of political power is often aggressive (coercion), and is most effective when imposed by one political body upon another of lesser military and/or economic power. Smart power is the third type of national power that Joseph Nair has written about after hard power and soft power. Smart power refers to the strategy that combines hard power and soft power. According to Chester A. Crocker, it involves the efficient and reasonable use of diplomacy, lobbying, mediation, demonstrations, influence, etc.--Zheng Dongqin (talk) 08:05, 6 April 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 钟青 Zhong Qing 202170081611

Question 3: What strategy would you develop to make China the global leader of the hearts? Every counrty has its own culture and specific conditions about its economy, politics and so forth. It is hard to win the respect of its own people and people from other countries; choose the way that benefits human being best will naturally win respect of people, but that way is hard to explore, not only for China but also for the world.

Question 4: What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power? Hard power means military and economic dominance;soft power maens the appeal of a nation’s language, lifestyle,mentality, values and culture; smart power is the recogntion of its advanced technology.

英语笔译 周皓熙 Zhou Haoxi 202170081612

Question 3: What strategy would you develop to make China the global leader of the hearts?

China would never be the leader. China would only serve as a partner of nations that seek to develop themselves. China would use placid conversation and negotiation to reach its goals and make all-win results.

Question 4: What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power?

Hard power: hard power means military and economic dominance, the ability to achieve one's goals by force, esp military force.

Soft power: soft power determines the appeal of a nation’s language, lifestyle/mentality, values and culture, the ability to achieve one's goals without force, esp by diplomacy, persuasion, etc.

Smart power: smart power is used to describe a combination of hard and soft power.--Zhou Haoxi (talk) 08:46, 7 April 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 周哲 Zhou Zhe 202170081613

Question 3: What strategy would you develop to make China the global leader of the hearts? To move China to the top right corner of the chart (clean and free) to be attractive to the whole world and that the world welcomes China to take over global leadership and even Taiwan province would be happy to reunite and that everybody wants to read the Book of Songs, Li Bai’s poems and the Red Chamber Dreams?

Give full play to Confucius Institutes and Hanban, and establish a powerful and righteous image of China in the international stage.

Question 4: What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power?

Hard power: military and economic dominance

Soft power: things determining the appeal of a nation’s language, lifestyle/mentality, values and culture

Smart power: things similar to think tank. --Zhou Zhe (talk) 15:13, 4 April 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 朱丽娟 Zhu Lijuan 202170081614

Question 3: What strategy would you develop to make China the global leader of the hearts? ① China should build stable legal environment. ② China should strengthen and develop capacities to meet economic and social goals through promoting investment, particularly in infrastructure. ③ China should improve administrative efficiency, the quality of services and transparency. ④ China should pay more attention to attracting foreign investment money to its capital markets. ⑤ China should maintain a balance between globalization and localization of its economy. ⑥ China should promote the market-oriented development of human capital in an all-round way and improve the competitiveness of science and technology. Question 4: What is the definition of hard power, soft power and smart power? Hard power: It refers to population resources, science and technology capability, and military and economic strength. Soft power: It refers to a country's culture, values, social system and other factors that affect its own development potential and appeal. In a sense, it is more difficult for a country to improve its soft power than its hard power. Smart power: It refers to an aggressive unilateralism strategy that unilaterally emphasizes hard power.

英语口译 段小蝶 Duan Xiaodie 202170081615

Q3: We should continue to develop the economy, improve the overall strength, show the responsibility of a big country, develop humanitarian, adhere to the peaceful diplomacy with other countries and advance the program that Chinese culture continues to go global.

Q4: Hard power of a country refers to its economic strength,military strength and scientific and technological strength.The hard power of a country is the foundation of a country's national power,which is the dominant power."Hard power" mainly consists of six elements:population,geographical conditions,natural resources,economic power,military power,the power of science and technology. Soft power refers to the intangible influence released by a country depending on the attraction of its political system, the appeal of its cultural values and the affinity of its national image.Soft power mainly includes seven aspects:first,the attraction and appeal of culture;second,the attraction of ideology and political values;third,the morality and legitimacy of foreign policy;and third,the attraction and appeal of ideology and political values.Fourth,the affinity when dealing with relations between countries;Fifth,the attractiveness of development paths and institutional models;Sixth,the ability to guide,formulate and control international norms,standards and mechanisms;Seventh,the degree of appreciation and recognition of a country's international image by international public opinion. Smart power refers to the ability to use all available soft and hard power---the combination of diplomatic, economic, military, political, legal, and cultural means to advance a country's interests. Smart power is neither hard power nor soft power. It is a holistic strategy that combines hard and soft power.It is necessary to flexibly and balanced the comprehensive application of all kinds of means according to different specific situations, and respond to complex practical challenges with complex methods.