20220630 Culture 5
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- 20220630_Culture_1 papers 1-10: 1: 英语笔译 卞王倩 Bian Wangqian 202170081563 Europeanized Chinese and Cultural Factors Behind it, 2: 英语笔译 曹姣 Cao Jiao 202170081564 Research on court culture in the Tang Dynasty from the perspective of poem -- take Changhenge for example, 3 英语笔译 陈路瑶 Chen Luyao 202170081565, 4 英语笔译 崔晓凡 Cui Xiaofan 202170081566, 5 英语笔译 邓阳林 Deng Yanglin 202170081567, 6 英语笔译 高智慧 Gao Zhihui 202170081568, 7 英语笔译 何丽娜 He Lina 202170081569, 8 英语笔译 胡良明 Hu Liangming 202170081570, 9 英语笔译 黄琼 Huang Qiong 202170081571, 10 英语笔译 邝雨琪 Kuang Yuqi 202170081572
- 20220630_Culture_2 papers 11-20: 11 英语笔译 黎溢佳 Li Yijia 202170081573, 12 英语笔译 李思敏 Li Simin 202170081574, 13 英语笔译 李思源 Li Siyuan 202170081575, 14 英语笔译 李婷 Li Ting 202170081576, 15 英语笔译 李欣 Li Xin 202170081577, 16 英语笔译 李颖 Li Ying 202170081578, 17 英语笔译 李媛 Li Yuan 202170081579, 18 英语笔译 李梓婕 Li Zijie 202170081580, 19 英语笔译 梁思婷 Liang Siting 202170081581, 20 英语笔译 廖诗韵 Liao Shiyun 202170081582
- 20220630_Culture_3 papers 21-30: 21 英语笔译 刘唱 Liu Chang 202170081583, 22 英语笔译 刘乐乐 Liu Lele 202170081584, 23 英语笔译 刘双英 Liu Shuangying 202170081585, 24 英语笔译 刘婷 Liu Ting 202170081586, 25 英语笔译 刘瑶 Liu Yao 202170081587, 26 英语笔译 刘珍 Liu Zhen 202170081588, 27 英语笔译 龙翰良 Long Hanliang 202170081589, 28 英语笔译 罗姚林 Luo Yaolin 202170081590, 29 英语笔译 马艳焕 Ma Yanhuan 202170081591, 30 英语笔译 聂薇 Nie Wei 202170081592
- 20220630_Culture_4 papers 31-40: 31 英语笔译 孙丽君 Sun Lijun 202170081593, 32 英语笔译 仝雨梦 Tong Yumeng 202170081594, 33 英语笔译 童略雅 Tong Lueya 202170081595, 34 英语笔译 庹树梅 Tuo Shumei 202170081596, 35 英语笔译 王思琪 Wang Siqi 202170081597, 36 英语笔译 王亚娟 Wang Yajuan 202170081598, 37 英语笔译 肖冬晴 Xiao Dongqing 202170081599, 38 英语笔译 肖佳莉 Xiao Jiali 202170081600, 39 英语笔译 谢晓莹 Xie Xiaoying 202170081601, 40 英语笔译 熊嘉玲 Xiong Jialing 202170081602
- 20220630_Culture_5 papers 41-50: 41 英语笔译 颜媛 Yan Yuan 202170081603, 42 英语笔译 杨心怡 Yang Xinyi 202170081604, 43 英语笔译 杨紫微 Yang Ziwei 202170081605, 44 英语笔译 张国浩 Zhang Guohao 202170081606, 45 英语笔译 张姣玲 Zhang Jiaoling 202170081607, 46 英语笔译 张瑞 Zhang Rui 202170081608, 47 英语笔译 赵宇翔 Zhao Yuxiang 202170081609, 48 英语笔译 郑冬琴 Zheng Dongqin 202170081610, 49 英语笔译 钟青 Zhong Qing 202170081611, 50 英语笔译 周皓熙 Zhou Haoxi 202170081612
- 20220630_Culture_6 papers 51-60: 51 英语笔译 周哲 Zhou Zhe 202170081613, 52 英语笔译 朱丽娟 Zhu Lijuan 202170081614, 53 英语口译 段小蝶 Duan Xiaodie 202170081615, 54 英语口译 方楚晗 Fang Chuhan 202170081616, 55 英语口译 胡雯雯 Hu Wenwen 202170081617, 56 英语口译 黄天琪 Huang Tianqi 202170081618, 57 英语口译 兰绮 Lan Qi 202170081619, 58 英语口译 李丹 Li Dan 202170081620, 59 英语口译 李立飞 Li Lifei 202170081621, 60 英语口译 莫雨婷 Mo Yuting 202170081622
- 20220630_Culture_7 papers 61-70: 61 英语口译 彭慧璇 Peng Huixuan 202170081623, 62 英语口译 时友洁 Shi Youjie 202170081624, 63 英语口译 伍佳惠 Wu Jiahui 202170081625, 64 英语口译 夏晶 Xia Jing 202170081626, 65 英语口译 向师琦 Xiang Shiqi 202170081627, 66 英语口译 向望 Xiang Wang 202170081628, 67 英语口译 徐舞 Xu Wu 202170081629, 68 英语口译 张静芝 Zhang Jingzhi 202170081630, 69 英语口译 张旻丰 Zhang Minfeng 202170081631, 70 日语笔译 曹梦然 Cao Mengran 202170081632
- 20220630_Culture_8 papers 71-80: 71 日语笔译 胡梦琪 Hu Mengqi 202170081633, 72 日语笔译 张白鹭 Zhang Bailu 202170081634, 73 朝鲜语笔译 刘安莉 Liu Anli 202170081635, 74 朝鲜语笔译 王思佳 Wang Sijia 202170081636, 75 朝朝鲜语笔译 徐盖 Xu Gai 202170081638, 76 朝鲜语笔译 徐文慧 Xu Wenhui 202170081639, 77 外国语言文学 Akira Jantarat 202121080009, 78 比较文学与跨文化研究 Mahzad 202021080004, 79 英语语言文学 Mimi 2020GBJ002301
英语笔译 刘唱 Liu Chang 202170081583
Abstract
At present, with the vigorous development of information technology, basing on information technology and internet platform, online games gradually get rid of the name of electronic heroin, and gradually industrialize and systematize. It can be seen that e-sports has now become a relatively mature industry, but the problem is that most online games on the market are imported from abroad. Therefore, one of the inevitable problems in the introduction process is the localization of the game. Language, as an important carrier of information transmission, plays an indispensable role in game localization. Not like the traditional text, the translation of game text pays more attention to the main position of the reader and its adaptability in the target market. Taking the game League of Legends as an example, this paper explores how to better combine the game with Chinese culture in the form of language from the perspective of Skopos Theory of Translation, so as to make Chinese players accept the games better and more likely to be infiltrated by traditional Chinese culture during the process of enjoying the game. In this thesis, the author analyses the textual material of League of Legends from the perspective of Skopos Theory. Through the analysis of the lines, titles and names of the champions of this game. The author finds that the translators of the game mostly take the domestication strategy, and use several translation methods such as transliteration, amplification, free translation and so on to achieve their goal: making this game more acceptable for Chinese player and helping the Chinese players have a better game experience. However, during the process of analysis, the author analyzes the mistranslation and corrects the translation based on Skopos Theory. After the analysis of the material, it can be seen that with the guidance of Skopos Theory, translators can have specific rules to obey in order to achieve the goal and come out good translation. However, the related research in china is still very few, so the scholars should pay more attention to this field and make it a systematic discipline.
Key words
Skopos Theory; Game Translation; League of Legends
Introduction
(1)Research Background
With the increase of the power of consumption of Chinese consumers, the game market of China is also thriving now. According to the statistics, China now is the largest game market in the world, with the number of game player more than 600,000,000 (Dai Jie:2019,100-101). However, since most e-sports games in China are introduced from abroad, localized translation is very important. Currently, all large-scale e-sports games have specialized localized translation teams (Liu Chang & Yang Weixiu:2019,30-32). Their job is to translate the foreign games into Chinese in the way that can meet the need of Chinese player. During this process, the translators face a lot of difficulties, so they have to do the job with the instruction of various kinds of translation theories. In this thesis, the author takes the online game League of Legends, which is hot all around the world, as an example, and analyzes the translation of names and lines of the characters in the game based on the Skopos theory of Translation put forward by Hans Vermeer to discuss the principles of the Skopos theory showed or missed in the textual material.
(2)Brief Introduction to League of Legends
League of Legends (LOL) is developed by the United States game company Riot and operated by Tencent game. It is a MOBA (Multiplayer Online Battle Arena) game (Cai Qiqi & Huang Yanjie:2018,84-88). In the game, the player takes on the role of a summoner and chooses your trusted allies to enter the Summoner’s Valley to battle with your enemies, fighting for the justice of Varoran. There is only one rule: Victory is everything! In the eyes of the game players and game developers, LOL is not just a game, but a fantasy world with a complete and huge world view. Every champion (the character manipulated by the players) possesses his or her own name, title, background story, lines and so on, which does not only enrich the content of the game, but also put forward a lot of challenges for the translators, for all of these names, titles and lines are the textual material which needs to be translated.
(3)Purpose and Significance of Game Translation
As foreign games have thrived in Chinese market, the paradox between fast development and a relative shortage of research about game translation has become apparent. In the process of the translation of the material of the game, the quality of translation has a great influence on the player's game experience, which is very important. However, domestic research on game translation is still in its infancy, and relevant scholars and translators may face the embarrassing situation that there is no theoretical knowledge as reference. Therefore, the research on game translation is a must-to-do and has certain practical significance. This thesis discusses how to better combine the game with Chinese culture in the form of language from the perspective of Skopos Theory of Translation, so as to make Chinese players accept the games better and more likely to be infiltrated by traditional Chinese culture during the process of enjoying the game.
Literature Review
(1) Review on Research of Skopos Theory of Translation
Foreign studies on functional translation start very early. Andrew Chesterman collects famous articles by Vermeer and Nord in Readings in Translation Theory (1989). Jeremy Munday introduces the main connotation of functional Translation theory in Introduced Translation Studies, and he believes that the functional translation school and communicative translation theory born in Germany promoted the innovation of translation theory, turning it from a static linguistic category into a cross-cultural communication behavior (2001,73-80). In Contemporary Translation Theories (2nd Revised Edition), according to Edwin Gentzler, the birth of the functional school of translation theory is an important moment in the history of translation theory. It puts an end to the two-thousands-long struggle between faithfulness and freedom in translation circles. According to functional translation theory, both faithful and free translation can be regarded as the correct choice as long as it conforms to the communicative purpose of the target text (2001,71). But at the same time, there are also some scholars have a skeptical or even negative attitude towards the functional Skopos theory. Peter Newmark, a famous translation theorist, thinks that functional translation theory was “dogmatism”. He comments in his book that “translation is a fractured discipline, and it is especially inappropriate to use a single integrated theory, dogma or general expression covering any text type. In this kind of process and practice, one must consider many issues at the same time... there is not any well-considered theory can cover all translation problems (1990,105).” There are four stages of the development of the Skopos Theory of Translation: The first stage: Katharina Reiss introduces the functional category into translation criticism for the first time (1999). The second stage: Hans Vermeer proposes Skopos Theory, which frees translation studies from the bondage of textual centralism (1987). The third stage: Justa Holz Manttari, proposes the theory of translation behavior. The fourth stage: Christiane Nord comprehensively summarizes and improves the functionalism theory (1991,30-32). He has proposed that translators should follow the guiding principle of “function plus loyalty”, and then perfected the theory (1996).
(2)Review on the Research of Game Translation
With the rapid expansion of the video game industry, there have been more and more researches on game translation in recent years. Trainor introduced game translation from two aspects of game content and text (2003,14). Yan Mingle analyzes the translation process in the process of the localization of games, and summarized some characteristics (2009). Xiao Zhiyan believes that as a kind of cross-cultural communication behavior, the name of game has a very strong purpose, and it bears the task of spreading the game information and facilitating the purchase in the cultural environment of the target language (2011).
(3)Summary
The development of the Skopos theory of translation now is already very mature now, however, the domestic research about game translation is still on its preliminary stage now. So translators and scholars should do the research of game translation based on the mature theory and make it the guidance of the practical translation. Only with the help of developed theory, translators are able to make the research of the game translation more systematical and standardized.
Methods and Theories
(1)An Introduction to Skopos Theory
Skopos Theory, which is developed by German linguist Vermeer, is the core of functional translation theory. It breaks through the bondage of equivalent translation theory centered on original text. Vermeer believes that “translation is a human behavior”, and “any behavior has a purpose”, so “translation is a purposeful behavior”, thus translation is “a discourse produced for a certain purpose and target audience in certain situation of the target language” (1996). Vermeer believes that translation should follow the skopos rule, the coherence rule and the fidelity rule, among which the skopos rule is the supreme principle. Vermeer completely breaks out of the equivalence theory of the textual center and focuses on the function of the text. In his opinion, translation strategies and methods must be flexible, and the translation should be carried out according to the situation and the purpose of the text, so as to realize the function and purpose of the text.
(2)Basic Rules of Skopos Theory
(2.1)The Skopos Rule
In the system of the Skopos theory of translation, the Skopos rule is the primary principle guiding all translations, which usually refers to the communicative purpose of the translation. That is to say, Skopos rule is the primary principle of Skopos theory. Because all texts are inevitably created with a certain purpose and ultimately to achieve this purpose, so the means to achieve the purpose should be determined by the purpose (Nord,1997,15).
(2.2)The Coherence Rule
Coherence rule refers to intralingual coherence, which means that the target text audience should be able to understand the content of the target text according to the context set by the translator.
(2.3)The Fidelity Rule
The fidelity rule refers to interlingual coherence, which reflects the relationship between the original text and the target text. It emphasizes that the content of the target text should be faithful to the content of the original text, but the degree and form of such fidelity depend on the translator's understanding of the original text and the specific requirements of the translation purpose.
(3)Summary
After understanding the basic meaning of the three rules of the Skopos Theory of translation, it can be found that in this theory, the most innovative point is the first and primary rule——the Skopos rule. It is the core of this theory and also it serves as the basic norm during the process of translation if someone is going to translate something based on the Skopos Theory. And the rest of the rules make up the void of the theory and improve the quality of the product to some extent.
Translation Under Skopos Theory
(1)Translation Under Skopos Rule
LOL is developed by western game company, so the original content is based on the combination of western culture and the fictional world. However, in the Chinese version, the Skopos rule has been precisely followed and many Chinese features and elements are added in the content in order to cater to the expectations and tastes of Chinese players (Zhang Yiyang:2016). During the process of the translation of the material, the translators mostly use the translation strategy of domestication and several translation methods such as transliteration, free translation, and so on, to achieve their goals.
Example 1:
Original version: Xayah, Rakan
Chinese version：霞、洛
In the background story of the game, “Xayah” and “Rakan” are both from Vastaya, where lives the half-bird, half-human creature. And they are enviable couple that can never be divided. According to this background information, here is the Chinese version “霞” and “洛”. The names are originated from a famous Chinese quatrains: A Tribute to King Teng’s Tower. In this quatrains, the author Wang Bo uses “落霞与孤鹜齐飞，秋水共长天一色” to describe the beautiful scenery of the sky (Tang Jiawen:2019, 127-129). So it can be found that this quatrain is suitable for the translation of “Xayah” and “Rakan”. There are three reasons. The first one is that in the quatrain, “落霞” and “孤鹜” together form a harmonious scenery and they seem to unite as one, also “Rakan” and “Xayah” are intimate lovers which is also a harmonious images. In this way, it can be considered as a kind of domestication. The second reason is that “Xayah” and “Rakan” are both half-bird creature, which correspond to “与孤鹜齐飞” in the quatrain. They are half-bird, so they can fly. The third reason is that the pronunciations of “Xayah” and “Rakan” are similar to the Chinese words “霞” and “洛”. In this way, the translator uses transliteration to achieve his goal. From three perspectives, the author thinks that the translation of this textual material is accord with the Skopos rule, for the translation does not only convey the information of the original text, but also meet the need and expectations of Chinese players.
Example 2
Original version: Here’s a tip and a spear behind.
Chinese version: 一点寒芒先到，随后枪出如龙。
In this case, it is the lines of a champion named Zhao Xin in the game. Zhao Xin is a loyal warrior with a spear as his weapon. His prototype is the famous military officer in the three kingdoms period, Zhao Yun. So during the process of translation, the translator also takes the domestication strategy and uses the translation methods of free translation and amplification to cater to the taste of Chinese player. In this sentence, “先到” and “如龙” are both amplification to make the sentence more neat and orderly in Chinese. Also the translator uses free translation to make the sentence more readable in Chinese. In this way, the translator achieves the goal of making the translation more acceptable for Chinese player.
(2)Translation Under Coherence Rule
The coherence rule means that there must be intra-textual coherence in the translation, that is to say, the target text should be readable and acceptable. It enables the recipient to understand and make sense in the culture of the target language and the communicative context in which the target text is used. Thus, the Chinese player usually make some nicknames for the champions in the game (champion is the character manipulated by the player in the game) to make it easy to read and accept for Chinese player (Gong Lei:2018). During the process of translation, the translator mostly takes the domestication strategy and uses the translation methods such as free translation, literal translation and so on.
Example 1:
Original version: the outlaw
Chinese version: 法外狂徒
Nick name: 男枪
The outlaw is the title of a male champion named Graves in the game (every champion own his title in the game, which is considered as another name of the champion)， he is a criminal with a big rifle. In Chinese version , official translators translate the title of Graves, the outlaw, into “法外狂徒” literally. However, for the sake of convenience, the Chinese players further simplify it into “男枪”, which means the man with a rifle. In this case, the players can also be considered as the translators, they just combinate the image of this champion and his gender, and use literal translation to get a nick name for this champion. In this way, the name of this champion is more easily to read and widely accepted by Chinese player. Example 2:
Original version: The Deceiver
Chinese version: 诡术妖姬
In the background story of the game, Leblanc is a beautiful lady and she is a great magician who likes to cheat other by her tricks, so she gets his title “The Deceiver”. In this case, the translator does not translate “The Deceiver” into “欺骗者” or “骗子” literally. Instead, the translator translates it into “诡术妖姬” in the way of free translation and amplification, which combinates the features and gender of this champion. In this way, “诡术妖姬”, obviously, is a better choice than “骗子” or “欺骗者”. Also, for Chinese, the title of four characters is usually more readable.
(3)Translation Under Fidelity Rule
The fidelity rule means that there must be inter-coherence between source text and target text, which is equal to the principle of faithfulness in other translation theories, that is to say, the translation must ground on the information given by the source text. Thus, during the process of translating the game, the translator uses various strategies to translate certain terms (Xin Yue: 2019). During the process of translation, the translator mostly takes the domestication strategy and uses the translation methods such as free translation, literal translation and so on.
Example 1:
Original version: Monkey King
Chinese version: 齐天大圣
In this example, the title of Monkey king belongs to the champion named Wu Kong, whose prototype is the monkey in the ancient Chinese novel, The Journey to the West. However, the translator does not just translate monkey king into “猴子王” literally, but translate it into “齐天大圣”, which conforms to the source text. Because almost all the Chinese know the story of Wu Kong and his title “齐天大圣”. In this way, based on the translation strategy of domestication and the translation method of free translation, the translator makes it more corresponding to the original text. So the author considers this version as a successful translation which obeys the fidelity rule.
Example 2:
Original version: The fist of Shadow
Chinese version: 暗影之拳
In this case, the translator just uses the literal translation to translate the title, also there is one point has to be mentioned. During the translation of the material, the translator uses literal translation in many places as long as there is correspondence between English and Chinese in that material. In this way, the translation obeys the fidelity rule.
Mistranslation in League of Legends
During the process of translating the material, though most of the translation is in accord with the Skopos theory. However, the author also finds there are some mistranslation from the perspective of Skopos theory.
(1)Mistranslation Against Skopos Rule
In the process of translation, it is inevitable to meet some material which is difficult to translate in the way conforming to the Skopos rule.
Example 1:
Original version: Minotaur
Chinese version：牛头酋长
In this example, originally, Minotaur is the monster with human’s body and the head of cow in Greek myth, however, in the Chinese version, the translators simply translate it into “牛头酋长”, which means the chieftain of cow. In this way, it violates the Skopos rule. Because according to the Skopos rule of the Skopos theory, the translator to translate the original text into the target language in a way that suits his purpose. In the process of translation of games, the purpose is to make the gamers experience the game in a more immersing way. That is to say, translators should take Chinese culture into consideration during the process of translation. However, the word “酋长” is rarely used in Chinese. So in this case, maybe “牛魔王” is a better choice. The first reason is that it has the same image with the champion in the game. The second reason is that Chinese players are familiar to this name.
Example 2:
Original version：The Lady of Clockwork
Chinese version: 发条魔灵
In this case, the author thinks the Chinese version is a kind of overtranslation, for here the translator translates “lady” into “魔灵”. However, “魔灵” is a word of western style and not usually seen in Chinese. In Chinese, the word “魂” usually be used to express the meaning of “灵”. Also, the translation does not show the gender of this champion. So here the author thinks “发条魔姬” may be a better version. In this version, both literal translation and amplification are used. “姬” is a Chinese style word which is equal to lady. In this way, it can be more easily accept by the Chinese players. And “魔” can show the essence of the champion.
(2)Mistranslation Against Coherence Rule
During the process of translating the game, the translators sometimes have to violate the coherence rule in order to cater to the Skopos rule or the fidelity rule.
Example 1:
Original version: The might of Demacia
Chinese version: 德玛西亚之力
In this case, the translator translates “The Might of Demacia” (Demacia is a city-state in the game) into “德玛西亚之力” in Chinese. That is a kind of literal translation, however, few names of place are longer than three words. “德玛西亚” may not be easy to read and accept by Chinese players. In this way, it violates the coherence rule. As a result of it, the players usually call it “德玛” for short. And there is a good example for the translation of the name of place. In this case, the city Piltover is called “皮城” in Chinese. Also, there is a title of a champion called The Seneschal of Demacia. Its Chinese version is “德邦总管”. According to these two example, it can be known that in the translation of the name of some place, the translator may take the initial as the first character of Chinese version, then use a word which is equal to the meaning of “city”, such as “城”、“邦”. It is a kind of free translation. In this case of “The Might of Demacia”, the authors takes “德邦” from the case of “德邦总管” and translate it into “德邦之力”. In this way, it is easier for the players to read and accept.
Example 2:
Original version: The Defender of Tomorrow
Chinese version: 未来守护者
In this case, the translator translates the defender of tomorrow into “未来守护者”. apparently, here the translator extends “tomorrow” to “future”. The author thinks here the translator does a great job and comprehends the champion in a good way. It is an indication of amplification and free translation. Because it is universally known that tomorrow can be comprehended as future. But the problem is that, usually, the Chinese titles of the champions in this game are made of four characters. Because it is more easily for Chinese player to read. So in this case, “未来” can be retained, it is a good free translation, but “守护者” should be changed into “守卫”, there is a title of four characters ,which is more readable for Chinese players. In this way, it is in accord with the coherence rule.
(3)Mistranslation Against Fidelity Rule
During the process of translating the game, the translators may have to violate the fidelity rule in order to obey the other two rules.
Example 1:
Original version: The Rabble Rouser
Chinese version: 酒桶
In this case, originally, the Rabble Rouser means the person who instigates the masses, however, in Chinese version, it is simply translated into “酒桶”, which means the man with a wine bucket, for the image of this champion in the game is a man with a wine bucket. But according to the background story of this champion, he is a reckless and impetuous drunker. So the author thinks the Chinese version does not obey the fidelity rule. It does not follow the original meaning of its English version. In this case, the author thinks “肇事酒徒” may be a better translation for the title of this champion. It does not only conform to the background story of this champion, but also fit his image.
Example 2:
Original version: The Hexplosive Expert
Chinese version: 爆破鬼才
In this case, the translator uses omission to translate this title, in this way it seems to be more readable for Chinese players. However, the translator dose not obey the fidelity rule here, because the translator just takes the word “Hexplosive” as “explosive”. Actually, “Explosive” is derived from Hex, which is a top science study in League of Legends, and the champion uses the “Hextech Engine” when making bombs, he is named after this. So the author thinks that the title should be translated in a literal way to obey the meaning of the original text. So the author’s version is “海克斯爆破专家”.
(3)Summary After analyzing the translation of the textual material of the game, it can be found that there are some places violating the Skopos Theory, but they are just a part of the translation of the whole game. One thing have to be admitted: there are many excellent translation in the game that cater to the taste of expectations of Chinese player. Also this is primary rule of Skopos theory.
Conclusion
Video game, known as the ninth art, is a booming and potential industry. As China's opening up and the e-sports industry thriving, the game market of China is expected to expand dramatically, but the demand for high-quality games also increases. As an crucial medium for domestic players to have better game experience, the quality of game translation has a direct influence on the players’ game experience (Qiao Dan:2020). However, because of the development of online games, traditional ways of game translation is not able to meet the requirements of players now. Skopos Theory focuses on the communicative purpose of translation, which offers a theoretical basis for the translator to use various ways to achieve the goals. The translator of the game should firstly figure out the role of the original text in the original context, then analyze the requirements and acceptance ability of the target recipients, and finally reproduce the meaning of the original text smoothly with words in line with the game style. In this thesis, the author analyzes the textual materials of lol from the prospect of Skopos theory. Through the analysis of the lines, titles and names of the champions of this game. The author finds that the translators of the game mostly take the domestication strategy, and use several translation methods such as transliteration, amplification, free translation and so on to achieve their goal—making this game more acceptable for Chinese players and helping the Chinese players have a better game experience. However, during the process of analysis, the author also finds that there are many mistranslation from the point view of Skopos theory. So the author analyzes the mistranslation and corrects the translation based on Skopos theory. After the analysis of the material, it can be seen that with the guidance of Skopos theory, translators can have specific rules to obey in order to achieve the goal and come out good translation. However, the related research in China is still very few, so the scholars should pay more attention to this field and make it a systematic discipline.
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英语笔译 刘乐乐 Liu Lele 202170081584
The Transmission of Chinese Folk Art
Abstract
Key words
Introduction
There is no superior culture, but there are strong and weak ones. According to Toury's multiple systems theory, Chinese culture is relatively weak compared with British and American culture. Chinese literature has been marginalized in the world literature system for a long time, so when entering the field of English literature, it is usually dominated in the field of English literature. In the past few decades, the translation of contemporary Chinese literature to the English world has not been very successful. Readers in the English-speaking world object to translated literature from any culture, and it is very difficult for translated literature to enter the English world. Although there were two large-scale translation and introduction activities of Panda Series and Great China Library with a lot of material and human resources invested, but the result was not ideal. Although Dragon Raja, as an online literature, can not represent Chinese culture, its exciting plot and low barrier of readers would make it a good guide in achieving the "go global" strategy. Both Harry Potter and Dragon Raja are a series of fantasy novels that have achieved great success, and both their main characters Harry Potter, Lu Mingfei and their storyline shares many similarities. One is popular across the world, and one is popular in China. So when translating Dragon Raja into English, we can learn many useful words, expressions and sentence patterns from Harry Potter.===Subtitle1===
Similarities
2.1 A Special Academy There is a special academy in both Harry Potter and Dragon, the Hogwarts College in Harry Potter and Kassel College in Dragon Raja, which are places where the main characters learn corresponding knowledge. Both colleges are extremely special. Hogwarts is about magic, kassel is about dragons, and both colleges are different from real universities. Neither college is known to the general public, and both have some mysteries.
In "Harry Potter" the headmaster of Hogwarts Dumbledore is a very powerful wizard, numerous honors, proficient in all kinds of high order magic, and is also the backbone of Hogwarts and even the whole magic community. In The Dragon Clan, The principal of Kassel Academy, Anger, is also a powerful dragon slayer. Kassel Academy, with Anger as its seat, has a great say in the mixed-race society. Both headmasters act as guides for the main characters in their respective works. Dumbledore loves Harry very much, while Angers loves Lummingfield even more than his pocketknife.
Both works depict a grand worldview that is different from the real world. Harry Potter describes an imaginary magical world in which all sorts of magical things are fascinating. Dragons also portrays the magical world of the dragon clan, attracting many fans with its whimsical ideas about various characters and historical events.
Neither Harry nor Lu Mingfei, who played the leading role in "Harry Potter" nor "Dragon", was the best in the academy. In Harry Potter, Harry is not good either in actual combat ability or in school, while Lu Mingfei is a famous diaos in Dragon clan. But they both have extraordinary fates, Harry is the chosen one, and Lumingfei is also the key to ending the history of the dragon race.
In both books, there is a special race that has special abilities that ordinary people do not have. Magic in Harry Potter and speech and Spirit in Dragons are both powerful special abilities. Those who possess these special abilities are divided between wizards and hybrids. Wizards and hybrids are difficult groups for ordinary people to reach, and they don't want them to.
Before entering the academy, both Lumingfield and Harry stayed in their uncle's house, and neither of them was very popular. Both grew up in very similar environments, with few friends and often being bullied. Both men met their best friends after attending special schools. Harry meets Hermione and Ron on the train to Hogwarts, and Lummingfield meets Fingal at the station.
Application
Since the two novels share many similarities, when translating Dragon Raja, we can learn some useful words, expressions from Harry Potter.
1.The Dursleys had a small son called Dudley and in their opinion there was no finer boy anywhere. 德思礼夫妇有一个小儿子，名叫达力。在他们看来，人世间没有比达力更好的孩子了。 婶婶觉得路鸣泽聪明，好读书，求上进，还特热爱文学，路鸣泽看《小说绘》在婶婶的嘴里也是“我们家鸣泽在学习”。 In Mrs. Lu’s opinion, her son Lu Mingze was smart and diligent with enthusiasm in literature. Even when Lu Mingze read Fiction and Draw, she thought he was doing some serious work.
Might this not all be some huge joke that the Dursleys had cooked up? If Harry hadn’t known that the Dursleys had no sense of humor, he might have thought so... 这也许是杜斯礼一家搞的恶作剧？
也许“夕阳的刻痕”的真实身份给路鸣泽发觉了？路鸣泽想办法报复他玩呢？ Might this not all be some huge prank that Lu Mingze cooked up since he found out about the secret of “sunset”? When receiving the letter from their respective special college, Harry and Lu Mingfei both showed confusion and doubt.
Conclusion
References
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英语笔译 刘双英 Liu Shuangying 202170081585
The Transmission of Chinese Folk Art
Abstract
Key words
Introduction
China has a long history and culture of the Chinese nation for five thousand years, resulting in a lot of folk art. They are rich and colorful, diverse in content, with a strong nationalist color, thus demonstrating the long history and profound culture of our Chinese folk art. However, with the rise of the era of large-scale industrialization, a lot of mechanized production has replaced the original manual production, and some traditional production techniques and traditional artistic creation have been gradually lost. How to protect the inheritance of Chinese folk art is a problem that we will think about. Today, in the new era, how to protect the development of Chinese folk art is an important link in the sustainable development of Chinese traditional art. China is a multi-ethnic country, and each nation has its own cultural characteristics and cultural characteristics. National culture needs time baptism and historical development, so thousands of years of history and culture is very precious. We should not only pay attention to the protection of traditional folk art. Moreover, we should carry forward and inherit our folk art and culture. We should get more people to know them.