20221231 LangCult 8

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Chinese Mystery Novel

谢紫佳Xie Zijia,202270081670

Abstract

The term 'Zhiguai' refers to the account of strange and bizarre events, and generally refers to the Zhiguai novel, one of the classical Chinese novels, which mainly recounts stories and legends of ghosts and spirits. The 'ghost'is an object of legend and belief that has been perpetuated from ancient China, forming a unique Chinese ghost culture. It was a genre that took 'ghosts' as the subject of storytelling, created and flourished in the Wei, Jin and North and South Dynasties, reflecting the spread of metaphysical culture and Buddhism and Taoism at the time.

Key words

Mystery novels; Ghost culture; Wei,Jin and North-South dynasties

Comparison of Chinese and western food culture under the background of “Chinese Culture Exporting

熊丹Xiong Dan,202270081671

Abstract

Chinese and Western food cultures are very different, their dining methods, objects, etiquette and eating concepts are also different. However, with the development trend of globalization, the communication of various nationalities is increasing, and the food culture begins to learn from and integrate with each other to a certain extent. Starting with the differences in the focus of Chinese and Western food cultures, this paper compares Chinese and Western food cultures under the background of cultural export.

An Introduction of Errenzhuan in Northeast China

Xu Siyu 202270081700

Abstract

Errenzhuan is popular in the northeastern part of China, just as Yu Opera is in Henan province. It is fair to say that Er ren zhuan has exerted great influence on China, and that it is an important part of northeastern culture. This paper will give a brief introduction of it.

The Development of the Imperial Examination System in Ancient China

颜琦Yan Qi, 202270081672

Abstract

Keju, or the imperial examination, is a kind of civil service examination system in ancient China. As a tool to select the best candidates to serve the traditional Chinese government, it had a significant and far-reaching impact on Chinese society since the Sui and Tang dynasty. It played an active role in national governance, academic development and personnel training.

202270081673 杨思吟 Yang Siyin 英语笔译(English translation)

==Topic== The Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Yang Siyin, 202270081673.

Abstract

Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history, and the development of TCM can be devided into 5 parts, be they the primitive society, the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, Qin and Han dynasties, the Sui, the Tang and the Five Dynasties, and Ming and Qing dynasties. Over these five periods, TCM continued to envolve, from a beneficial life experience to a systematical system. Also, there comes four crucial medical books that palys an important role.

Chinese Traditional Paper-cutting Art

杨晰微 Yang Xiwei, 202270081674

Abstract

Paper-cutting is an important part of Chinese culture, with a long history and rich cultural connotation. It can be seen as the most common and extensive folk art for working people and is most closely related to people's life as a crucial tool for the masses to decorate the environment, beautify life and express their emotions. This paper aims to illustrate the origin, development and traditional uses of paper-cut and reflect on its current situation.

Chinese Classical Gardens

Zeng Chen, 202270081626

Abstract

The Chinese classical gardens recreate natural landscapes in mininature, including both the vast imperial gardens and smaller private gardens. It takes great important part in Chinese culture and shows many aspects of aesthetic standards for Chinese art. This essay will focus on the history, design and philosophy of the classical gardens and will introduce some typical examples.

Warfare in Ancient China

张海珊 Zhang Haishan, 202270081675

Abstract

China's long history witnessed its own practices and innovations in warfare as rulers perpetually fought to dominate this vast nation and protect its borders from invading neighbors. Since the Warring States, China had produced perhaps the largest and most advanced technology and manual on warfare in the ancient world. This short paper will focus on some major weapons, equipment, and vehicles used specifically for the purpose of warfare in ancient China.

Chinese Noodles Culture

Zhang Keke张珂珂202270081676

Abstract

Noodles are a traditional Chinese noodle dish and are loved by the people. Noodles have a long history of consumption in China, and the richness of local produce and customs has given rise to a wide variety of noodles with different characteristics and flavours, which are integrated into people's lives. In this article, we will focus on the history of noodles, development status and the cultural connotation behind noodles.

Key Words

History of noodles, Noodles by region, Chinese custom

题目

中国的面条文化

摘要

面条是中华民族的传统面食，深受各界各族人民群众的喜爱。 面条在中国的食用历史悠久，各地丰富的物产和生活习俗，蕴育出了不同特色和口味的面条，其种类繁多，面条融入人们的生活。在这篇文章中，我们将重点介绍面条的历史，发展现状以及面条背后的文化内涵。

关键词

面条历史，各地面条，中国习俗 I===Introduction=== Noodles are a common food. Originated in China, noodles have more than 4,000 years of production and consumption history. Noodle is a kind of health food, which is easy to make, convenient to eat and rich in nutrition. It can also be used as both staple food and fast food. It is made by grinding flour of grains or beans with water into a dough, then pressing or rolling or stretching into pieces and then cutting or pressing, or using rubbing, pulling, kneading and other means to make strips (or narrow or wide, or flat or round) or small pieces, and finally boiling, frying, stewing and frying. There are many kinds of patterns and varieties. In China, there are different kinds of noodles, such as Lo Mein, Lulu Mein, Braised Mein, Fried Mein, Mixed Mein, Soup Mein.

The History of Chinese Noodles

Noodle is a very ancient food with a long history, and it has been recorded in China's Eastern Han Dynasty. At that time, cooked wheaten food was called pancake. It was because noodles should be cooked in soup that noodles were also known as biscuit. They were sheets or strips. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, new types of noodles increased. In the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, there were more kinds of noodles, one of which had hardness and chewiness and was called "wet noodles can tie shoelaces." By the Song and Yuan Dynasties, dried noodles began to appear.

1.In the Han Dynasty, cooked wheaten food was collectively known as “pancake”.

Noodles had a long history and the earliest recorded usage of the word “Mina” was in the Eastern Han Dynasty. At that time, cooked wheaten food was called pancake. It was because noodles should be cooked in soup that noodles were also known as biscuit. While the word “Miantiao” came later.

2.In the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, noodles were being built.

During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the "water cake" in Jia Sixie's Qi Min Yao Shu was similar to modern noodles. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, people began to try to roll noodles and cut noodles with some tools instead of tearing them with their hands. A variety of noodles became more abundant and the custom of eating birthday noodles arose.

3.By the Song Dynasty, new types of noodles increased at a faster pace.

People in the Song Dynasty know about eating, which is famous in history. For example, Su Shi, the famous poet, loved to eat and cook. As many as thirty kinds of noodles have been well documented in many books in the Southern Song Dynasty

4.In the Yuan Dynasty, dry noodles were invented.

In the Yuan Dynasty when dry noodles began to appear, people have already known the simple preservation of noodles. It was also an achievement of noodles in history.

5.In the Ming and Qing Dynasty, noodles had a solid foundation.

In the Ming Dynasty, the technology of making noodles was so mature and new types of noodles began to appear, which laid a solid foundation for the development of noodles. In the Qing Dynasty, the appearance of “Wu Xiang noodles” and“Ba Zhen noodles” marked the proficiency of noodles. (Zhang Hejira, Qin Gaimei 2020, 18-19)

The Current Situation of Noodles

In the 21st century, there are more varieties of noodles. Different regions also produced distinctive noodles. Well-known examples of distinctive noodles include Noodles with Soy Bean Paste, Beijing Style (zhajiangmian), stewed noodles(huimian) in Henan, Shanxi sliced noodles, Lanzhou beef noodles, Shaanxi oil splashed noodles, Wuhan hot-and-dry noodles, Chongqing noodles, etc. (Xu Ping 2016, 58-59) Noodle is the common meal for most northern people and they focus on the quality of noodles. However, rice is more common for southern people, so they are not adept at making noodles and eat dry noodles more often.

1.Lanzhou Beef Noodles

Lanzhou beef noodles is a traditional food in Lanzhou, originated from the Qing Dynasty Jiaqing years. A classic bowl of hand-pulled noodles comes with beef broth, slices of beef, coriander and spring onions. It is said that the best beef noodles should acquire the following five features: clear soup, clean white turnips, brilliant red chili oil, green parsley and yellow noodles.

2.Shanxi Sliced Noodles

Sliced noodle is the most popular food in Shanxi province. Cutting by knives, it earns its name: shaved or sliced noodle. It is well-known at home and abroad due to its unique flavor. Sliced noodles include a variety of condiments, such as tomato sauce, meat sauce, mutton soup, etc., loved by people in China and even around the world. With the development of the times, knife noodles machine came into being. It can knead and cut noodle very fast with high production.

3.Wuhan hot-dry noodles with sesame paste

It is said that in Wuhan, where the summer heat is high and the span of time is long, people have long added edible alkali to the noodles to prevent spoilage, and this is the predecessor of hot noodles - cut noodles. Traditional hot-and-dry noodles are yellow. Generally, noodles will be cooked and cooled. When eating, people will heat noodles in boiling water, add seasonings such as sesame paste, chopped dried radish, vinegar, soy sauce and chili sauce. Finally, noodles will be sprinkled with chopped green onion and stirred with chopsticks.

4.Henan Stewed Noodles

Henan also has a flu out Chinese snack: stewed noodles(huimian). What a cheap and delicious delicacy! In the streets of Zhengzhou in Henan province, there are numerous restaurants mainly providing the stewed noodles and they vary in size and tastes. A bowl of delicious Henan stewed noodles, soup and noodles are very important. In general, the soup is boiled with tender lamb and various vegetables. People mix and knead repeatedly the floor dough. After that, the noodles will be smoother, softer and tougher. (Li Xuzheng, Han Yaren, Hong Weiwei 2022, 37)

The cultural Connotation behind Chinese Noodles

Noodles always play an important role in people's festive banquets. Chinese people often eat noodles on their birthdays, so noodles are also called “longevity noodles.” It is said that, one day, the imperial chef made a table full of delicious noodles in order to celebrate the birthday of Emperor Wu. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty felt that noodles were very cheap and did not conform to his status, so he felt unhappy. The chef was so afraid. At that time, there was a wise person beside the emperor, called Dongfang Shuo. Seeing such a dilemma, Dongfang Shuo said loudly: “Long live our great emperor!” And then the emperor felt so confused. So the wise person explained, “the reason why Peng Zu in ancient time lived to age 800 was that his face was long. Therefore, the moral of long and thin noodles is wishing you a good health and longevity of life. Hearing that, the emperor was very happy. So the story spread by word of mouth. On the wedding day, The bride’s family would prepare longevity noodles and send to the bridegroom’s. At night, the noodles would be boiled and distributed into two bowls, one was for the bride and the other was for the bridegroom. And then someone would ask the groom:“raw or not?” The groom would answer:“raw!” It turns that In China, raw has the similar pronunciation with the word “having a baby”, meaning a wish for children. (Xue Cui 2022, 35)

Conclusion

As a traditional staple food of the Chinese，noodle has a history of more than 4 000 years. Noodle is simple but nutritious delicacy. Only in China, there are a variety of noodles. In addition, noodles have their distinctive characteristics in different parts of China. They have both unique flavor and many other cultural connotations. A bowl of authentic Chinese noodles is not only local cultural continuity, but also contains rich folk cultural connotation.

References

Zhang Hejia张合家，Qin Gaimei秦改梅(2021). 探索面条的演进史[J] . 科学之友 18-19 面条沿着黄河走[J] 餐饮世界 2021（07）54-57 我国面条的历史[J] 文史天地 2021（10）93 Xu Ping 徐平. (2016). 让你想念的那一味：京城南北面条[J] 农产品市场周刊（21）58-59 Li Xuzheng李旭正, Han Yaren韩亚仁, Hong Weiwei洪微微(2022). 面条之路：传承三千年的奇妙饮食[J] 餐饮世界（02）37 Xue Cui雪翠. (2022) 面条与婚育习俗 山东农机化 35

Terms and Expressions

Noodles with Soy Bean Paste, Beijing Style北京炸酱面 Stewed noodles河南烩面 Shanxi sliced noodles山西刀削面 Lanzhou beef noodles兰州牛肉拉面 Wuhan hot-and-dry noodles武汉热干面

Questions

1.When has noodle been recorded in China? A.Han Dynasty B.Song Dynasty C.Yuan Dynasty 2. When did dried noodles begin to appear? A.Han Dynasty B.Yuan Dynasty C. Qing Dynasty 3.Which is originated from Shanxi Province? A.Sliced noodles B.Beef noodles C.Hot-and-dry noodles

Answers

1.A 2.B 3.A