User:Ou Huang
Ou Huang
Liuyang Fireworks Making Technique
Over 1,400 years ago, Li Tian, the founder of fireworks[1], invented firecrackers in Liuyang, ushering in a era of peace and joy for humanity. The art of fireworks has been passed down for centuries. Today, Liuyang is hailed as the "Birthplace of Fireworks in China" and stands as the largest production and distribution base for fireworks in the country. The traditional craftsmanship of Liuyang fireworks was officially recognized and listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage by the State Council in 2006.
The Development of Liuyang Fireworks
The development of Liuyang fireworks can be divided into five distinct stages[2]:
Invention Stage (Late Sui to Early Tang Dynasties, 1127)
The origin of fireworks was initially driven by the desire to ward off evil spirits. Over 1,300 years ago, Li Tian (born in 601 AD, died in 690 AD), a native of Dayao in Liuyang, invented firecrackers on September 18, 621 AD. According to the Industrial Development of China, "firecrackers originated in the Tang Dynasty, flourished during the Song Dynasty, and trace their roots to Liuyang."
Decentralized Stage (1127-1949)
During the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279), fireworks officially emerged, and firecrackers began to be produced in clusters. Despite frequent wars, the traditional firecracker industry persisted in Liuyang. During the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368), much of the period was marked by warfare, and firecracker production stagnated. In the late Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), capitalism began to emerge, and private workshops became prevalent, leading to rapid development in Liuyang's fireworks industry and laying the foundation for future large-scale production. During the Jiaqing era (1796-1820) of the Qing Dynasty, the fireworks industry in Liuyang experienced significant growth, with over 300 production workshops in the county and more than 2,500 workers. By the Tongzhi era (1862-1874), Liuyang's fireworks industry had become a major sector, with 80% of households in some areas engaged in firecracker production, earning the reputation as "ten households, nine of which produce fireworks." From then on, Liuyang's fireworks continued to evolve, becoming "increasingly refined in production and renowned far and wide." From the Guangxu era (1875-1908) to the early Republic of China, Liuyang fireworks became a signature product of Hunan Province, representing the pride of the region.
Centralized Stage (1949-1996)
Products diversified from single firecracker types to include both fireworks and firecrackers. The "Da Di Hua Kai" (Blossoms on Earth) firework product, invented by Master Zeng Peigan, a fireworks and art master, remained popular for decades after its release. Additionally, as production scales expanded, Liuyang's fireworks exports grew rapidly, reaching over 60 countries and regions by 1985.
Reform Stage (1998-2003)
Beginning in 1998, Liuyang embarked on modernization and standardization efforts to upgrade its factories. At the city's fireworks work conference, the goal was set to "update concepts, refine plans, strengthen measures, accelerate development, and ignite a wave of modern industrial revolution in Liuyang's fireworks sector."
Enhancement Phase (2004 Onward)
The industry moved toward group-based, large-scale operations. Since the establishment of Jinsheng Fireworks Group in 2003, Dongxin and other six fireworks groups were founded by 2004[3]. In 2005, the Liuyang Dahu Fireworks Art Fireworks Display Group Co., Ltd. and Liuyang Guandu Fireworks Group Co.,Ltd.[4] were established, forming a total of ten major groups.
The Displays and Cultural Connotation of Liuyang Fireworks
Soaring and blooming, fireworks are not only a symbol of tradition but also a resonance of time. The passionate people of Liuyang have created this vibrant art form, inspiring the waters of the meandering Liuyang River to surge with excitement and bringing joy to the entire world[5]. With an open and innovative spirit, Liuyang embraces the world anew.
Fireworks Football Field
Liuyang's "Fireworks Football Field," promoted globally by Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin, has become a classic 2023 fireworks scene. This year, Liuyang launched the "Meet at Liuyang River, Watch Fireworks on the Weekend" campaign, attracting millions of tourists to witness the spectacle. The football field has become an ideal spot for enjoying fireworks, where visitors can enjoy drinks and the beauty of fireworks while soaking in the vibrant atmosphere.
Fireworks Display at the 24th Winter Olympics
On February 20, 2022, the opening ceremony of the 24th Winter Olympics at the National Stadium (Bird's Nest) featured Liuyang fireworks. "Snowflakes" captured the charm of winter, "dandelions" symbolized the vitality of spring, and "Welcome Pine" showcased the warmth of the Chinese people. Thousands of fireworks painted the sky, blending artistry with environmental and safety standards. The "Welcome Pine" fireworks, in particular, became a classic moment in the history of global fireworks displays.
Fireworks Performance During the 100th anniversary of the founding of CPC
On June 28, 2021, during the cultural performance The Great Journey celebrating the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, Liuyang fireworks dazzled the audience with their brilliance, solemnity, and grandeur. The performance highlighted meticulous planning, a focus on safety and environmental protection, and a three-dimensional artistic presentation. Using colors, fire, red flags, and five-pointed stars, the fireworks depicted the glorious journey of the Communist Party of China's growth and development.
The Future of Liuyang Fireworks
Liuyang is not only the birthplace of fireworks but also a leader in high-quality industrial development. By implementing the "Safety Enhancement, Technological Innovation, Quality Excellence, and Cultural Empowerment" initiative, Liuyang is driving the transformation of its fireworks industry toward safety, intelligence, and sustainability. Additionally, through the China (Liuyang) International Fireworks Cultural Festival[6], the city continues to polish its reputation as the "Birthplace of Fireworks," guiding the global fireworks industry toward transformation and advancement.
Terms and Expressions
Liuyang Fireworks Making Technique 浏阳花炮制作技艺
Birthplace of Fireworks in China 中国烟花之乡
Industrial Development of China 《中国实业志》
"Da Di Hua Kai" (Blossoms on Earth) 大地花开（花炮产品）
Liuyang Dahu Fireworks Art Fireworks Display Group Co., Ltd. 达浒艺术焰火燃放集团
Liuyang Guandu Fireworks Group Co.,Ltd. 官渡烟花集团
Fireworks Football Field “烟花足球场”
the 24th Winter Olympics 第二十四届冬季奥林匹克运动会
the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China 中国共产党成立100周年
The Great Journey 《伟大征程》
Questions
1. What is the significance of Liuyang fireworks in Chinese culture and history?
2. According to the article, what were the key milestones in the development of Liuyang fireworks?
3. What role did Li Tian play in the history of Liuyang fireworks?
4. How has Liuyang fireworks contributed to global cultural events?
5. How did Liuyang fireworks contribute to the 2022 Winter Olympics opening ceremony?
References
[1]Mao Dujuan. Study on the Modern Fireworks Industry of Liuyang [D]. Xiangtan University, 2019.
[2]Luo Qishun. Retrospect and Exploration on the Development of Liuyang Fireworks Industrial Cluster [J]. Hunan Social Sciences, 2008, (3): 120-122.
[3]Te Deng. Analysis of Liuyang Cluster Economy (Fireworks Economy) and Its Scientific Development [J]. Special Zone Economy, 2004, (09): 19-20.
[4]Chuanqing Wu. Exploration on Property Rights and Regulation of Regional Industrial Cluster Brands—Taking 'Liuyang Fireworks' as an Example [J]. Journal of Wuhan University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2010, 63(6): 886-891.
[5]Sihu Chen. Government Role, Cultivation of Local Characteristic Industries, and Rural Economic Development——Thoughts on the Development of Liuyang Fireworks Industry [J]. Anhui Agricultural Science, 2011, 39(22): 13813-13815+13818.
[6]Yumei Zheng. Cluster Culture Promoting Industrial Cluster Development Research——Taking the Development of Liuyang Fireworks Industrial Cluster as an Example [J]. Hunan Social Sciences, 2013, (2): 165-167.
浏阳花炮制作技艺
1400多年前，花炮始祖李畋在浏阳发明了爆竹[1]，书写了人间的平安喜乐。
薪火相传千年，如今的浏阳被誉为“中国烟花之乡”，已成为我国最大的花炮产销地。浏阳花炮制作技艺作为一种传统手工技艺，于2006年经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。
浏阳花炮的发展史
浏阳烟花的发展主要分为五个阶段[2]。
发明阶段（隋末唐初—1127）
花炮起源的最初动因，是为了驱邪逐鬼。1300多年前，浏阳大瑶人李畋（生于601年，卒于690年），于621年农历9月18日发明了鞭炮。据《中国实业志》记载，鞭炮“始于唐，盛于宋，发源于浏阳”。
分散阶段（1127—1949）
南宋（1127—1279）时正式出现烟花，并有了一挂一挂的鞭炮。此后，尽管战争频繁，但鞭炮生产这一传统产业一直在浏阳保留下来。元朝（1279—1368）大部分时间处于战乱时期，花炮生产停滞不前。明朝（1368—1644）后期，资本主义开始萌芽，私人作坊比较盛行，浏阳花炮有了较快发展，并为以后的大规模生产打下了基础。清嘉庆（1796—1820）初年，浏阳花炮产业有了长足的发展，县城的生产作坊超过300余家，工人达2500余人。清同治年间（1862—1874），浏阳花炮形成大行业，浏阳部分地区80%的民户从事花炮生产，素有“十家九爆”的美誉。从此，浏阳花炮不断发展，“制造益精，声誉远播”。从清光绪年间（1875—1908）至民国初年，浏阳花炮成为湖南的名特产品，是湖南花炮的代表和骄傲。
集中阶段（1949—1996）
由花炮工艺美术大师曾培敢发明的花炮产品“大地花开“上市以来，几十年长盛不衰。同时，随着生产规模的不断扩大，浏阳花炮外贸也有了飞速发展，到1985年，浏阳花炮出口到全球60多个国家和地区。
整改阶段（1998—2003）
从1998年开始，浏阳开始了现代化、标准化工厂改造。全市花炮工作大会上提出了“更新观念，精心部署，强化措施，加快发展，掀起浏阳花炮现代工业革命的热潮。”
提升阶段（2004年始）
集团化、规模化运作，从2003年金生烟花集团成立以来，2004年先后有东信等7家花炮集团成立[3]。2005年，达浒艺术焰火燃放集团和官渡烟花集团成立[4]，形成十大集团。
浏阳花炮表演及其传达的文化内涵
升腾，绽放。它是年俗的印记，更是时光的回响。热烈的浏阳人，造出这一朵热烈之物，让九曲浏阳河为之激荡，更让全世界为之欢欣九曲浏阳河，奔腾不息[5]。开放的浏阳，以全新的姿态融入世界。
浏阳花炮足球场
浏阳有个“烟花足球场”，被外交部发言人汪文斌向世界推介，成为2023年经典的烟花场景。今年，浏阳全面打响“相约浏阳河，周末看焰火”品牌，吸引数百万游客现场观看，也让足球场成为了欣赏烟花的绝佳位置。一边在绿茵场上尽情挥酒汗水，一边欣赏绝美烟花，“烟花足球场”已名扬海内外。
浏阳花炮亮相第二十四届冬奥会
2022年2月20日，第二十四届冬季奥林匹克运动会开幕式在国家体育场(鸟巢)举行，浏阳烟花用“漫天雪花”呈现冬的风韵，用“蒲公英”诠释春的活力，用“迎客松”展现中国人民的热情。万千烟花倚天作画，绚烂的背后是环保、安全与艺术的“三合一”。特别是“迎客松”烟花，成为世界焰火燃放史上的经典画面。
浏阳花炮献礼建党100周年
2021年6月28日，在庆祝中国共产党成立100周年文艺演出《伟大征程》中，浏阳烟花用一种“璀璨夺目”的色彩、“庄严激昂”的情怀与“大气磅礴”的表演，礼赞中国共产党成立100周年。这场焰火表演突出匠心编排，着力安全与环保，聚焦立体化艺术性呈现，用光与火、用红旗、五角星等烟花造型，展现出中国共产党不断发展壮大的辉煌图景。
浏阳花炮的未来之旅
一诗一画，满城烟花。浏阳不仅是烟花的故乡，更是产业高质量发展的引领区。浏阳深入实施“安全提质、科技革新、质量创优、文化赋能”工程，推动花炮产业向安全化、智能化、绿色化转型升级，同时通过举办中国(浏阳)国际花炮文化节[6]，不断擦亮“世界花炮之都”品牌，引领全球花炮产业转型升级。
术语对照表
浏阳花炮制作技艺 Liuyang Fireworks Making Technique
中国烟花之乡 Birthplace of Fireworks in China
《中国实业志》 Industrial Development of China
“大地花开”（花炮产品） "Da Di Hua Kai" (Blossoms on Earth)
达浒艺术焰火燃放集团 Liuyang Dahu Fireworks Art Fireworks Display Group Co., Ltd.
官渡烟花集团 Liuyang Guandu Fireworks Group Co.,Ltd.
“烟花足球场”Fireworks Football Field
第二十四届冬季奥林匹克运动会 the 24th Winter Olympics
中国共产党成立100周年 the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China
《伟大征程》 The Great Journey
问题
1. 浏阳烟花在中国文化和历史上的意义是什么？
2. 根据文章，浏阳烟花的发展有哪些关键里程碑？
3. 李畋在浏阳烟花历史上扮演了什么角色？
4. 浏阳烟花如何为全球文化活动做出贡献？
5. 浏阳烟花是如何为2022年冬季奥运会开幕式做出贡献的？
参考文献
[1]毛杜娟.浏阳近代花炮业研究[D].湘潭大学,2019.
[2]骆启顺.浏阳花炮产业集群发展追溯与探究[J].湖南社会科学,2008,(03):120-122.
[3]邓特.试析浏阳聚集经济(花炮经济)及其科学发展[J].特区经济,2004,(09):19-20.
[4]吴传清.区域产业集群品牌的产权和监管探讨——以“浏阳花炮”为例[J].武汉大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2010,63(06):886-891.
[5]陈四辉.政府作用、地方特色产业培养与农村经济发展——浏阳花炮产业发展带来的思考[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(22):13813-13815+13818.
[6]郑宇梅.集群文化促进产业集群发展研究——以浏阳花炮产业集群发展为例[J].湖南社会科学,2013,(02):165-167.