20201012 cult

Xiao Shuangling 肖双玲

1.茶文化起源地为中国。中国是茶的故乡，中国饮茶，据说始于神农时代，少说也有4700多年了。

1.Tea culture originated from China. China is the hometown of tea, and tea drinking in China is said to have started in Shennong era, at least more than 4700 years.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 13:14, 12 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Tea culture originated from China. China is the hometown of tea. It is said that the Chinese people started drinking tea in Shen Nong's era, at least over 4700 years ago--Zhao Xiaoyan (talk) 08:20, 13 October 2020 (UTC) 2.丝绸是中国的特产，中国古代劳动人民发明并大规模生产丝绸制品，更开启了世界历史上第一次东西方大规模的商贸交流，史称“丝绸之路”。

2. Silk is China's speciality. The laboring people in ancient China invented and mass-produced the silk products, which opened up the first large-scale trade exchange between the East and the West in the history of the world, known as “the Silk Road”.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 13:14, 12 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Silk is a specialty of China. The ancient Chinese laboring people invented and produced silk products on a large scale, which opened up the first large-scale trade exchange between the East and the West in the history of the world, known as “the Silk Road” in history.--Yang Yue (talk) 03:10, 13 October 2020 (UTC)

3.瓷器的成形要通过在窑内经过高温（约1280℃～1400℃）烧制，瓷器表面的釉色会因为温度的不同从而发生各种化学变化，是中华文明展示的瑰宝。

3.The porcelain is formed by firing at a high temperature（approximately 1280℃～1400℃） in the kiln. The glaze color on the surface of the porcelain will vary with the temperature and thus undergoing various chemical changes. It is a treasure of Chinese civlizations.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 13:14, 12 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

The porcelain is formed by firing with a high temperature（approximately 1280℃～1400℃） in the kiln. The glazing color on the surface of the porcelain will vary with the temperature and thus undergoing various chemical changes. It is a treasure of Chinese civlizations.--Zhao Xiaoyan (talk) 08:20, 13 October 2020 (UTC) 4.早在商周时期就出现了原始青瓷，历经春秋战国时期的发展，到东汉有了重大突破。

4.As early as in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the primitive celadon appeared, After the development of the celadon in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a major breakthrough was made in the Eastern Han Dynasty.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 13:14, 12 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

As early as in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the primitive celadon appeared, which has undergone development during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and made a major breakthrough in the Eastern Han Dynasty.--Zhao Xiaoyan (talk) 08:20, 13 October 2020 (UTC)

1. Tea culture originated from China. China is the hometown of tea and it’s said that tea began to appear in Shennong Period, at least 4700 years ago.

2. Silk is a kind of Chinese special product. Ancient Chinese working people invented it and started massive production. Because of the appearance of silk, the first commercial trade and exchange between the west and the east was started, which is called “The silk Road”.

3. Porcelain needs to be fired at the temperature of about 1280℃ to1400℃ to be shaped. The glaze color of it will witness a series chemical changes due to the different temperature, which is a treasure of Chinese culture.

4. Early in Shang and Zhou Period, the original celadons began to appear. After the development in the period of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States, it has made breakthrough in East Han Dynasty. --Yang chenting (talk) 08:13, 13 October 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

Yang Chenting 杨晨婷

1. 中国是茶的故乡，是世界上最早发现中国茶树、利用中国茶叶和栽培中国茶树的国家，中国也是世界茶道的宗主国，任何国家受中国茶文化的影响都不能否认中国是茶道宗主国的地位，否则违背了茶道的基本文明。

China is the hometown of tea, which is also the first country to find and use and cultivate tea plants. China is also the suzerain state of tea ceremony, therefore, any country influenced by Chinse tea ceremony shouldn’t deny the position of China in tea ceremony, otherwise it will go against the basic civilization.

2. 丝绸的强势地位，一直延续到了清末。当时，建立了以江宁织造局、苏州织造局和杭州织造局为主的官办丝织机构，民间涌现出许多规模不一的丝织作坊，品种繁多，产销两旺。

The dominant position of silk has lasted till the end of Qing Dynasty. At that time, official silk constitutions like Jiangning Textile, Suzhou Textile and Hangzhou Textile were established. Also, nongovernmental silk-making shops popped up, with diverse kinds, which were sold well.

3. 瓷器的前身是原始青瓷，它是由陶器向瓷器过渡阶段的产物。中国最早的原始青瓷，发现于山西夏县东下冯龙山文化遗址中，距今约4200年。 器类有罐和钵。原始青瓷在中国分布较广，黄河领域、长江中下游及南方地区都有发现。

The precursor of porcelain is original celadon, which appeared in the transitional stage of pottery to porcelain. The earliest original porcelains were found in Fenglongshan civilization sites in Xia county of Shandong Province, including pots and bowls. Original celadons has a wide distribution in China, found in Yellow River Basin, the lower Yangtze River and some southern areas.

4. 南方青瓷，一般胎质坚硬细腻，呈淡灰色，釉色晶莹纯净，常用类冰似玉来形容。北方青瓷胎体厚重，玻璃质感强，流动性大，釉面有细密的开片，釉色青中泛黄。

The body quality of southern celadons is hard and fine, with light gray color. Besides, its glaze color is pure and bright, often described with ice. Compared to the southern celadons, northern ones’ s quality is solid, more like glasses with fluidity. The glaze surface has dense crackles and the color is with some yellow. --Yang chenting (talk) 08:40, 13 October 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

Yang Hairong 杨海容

1.乌龙茶在制作上综合了绿茶和红茶制法的特点，因而品质介于绿茶和红茶之间——既具红茶的浓鲜味，又有绿茶的清芬香，享有“绿叶红镶边”的美誉。 Production methods of Oolong tea combine the production characteristics of green tea and black tea, so the quality is between green tea and black tea-it has the strong flavor of black tea and the fragrance of green tea. It enjoys the reputation of "green leaves with red borders" . --Yang Hairong (talk) 09:27, 14 October 2020 (UTC)

2.真丝绸面平整细洁，光泽柔和，色彩鲜艳纯正；干燥情况下，手摸绸面有拉手感，撕裂时有“丝鸣声”。 The real silk surface is smooth and clean, with soft luster, bright and pure colors. n dry conditions, the silk noodles can be touched by hand, and there will be a sound of "beeping" when it is torn. --Yang Hairong (talk) 09:27, 14 October 2020 (UTC)

3.景德镇窑在北宋时期，仿效了青白玉的色调和湿润的质感，创造性地烧造出了一种“土白壤而埴、质薄腻、色滋润”的青白瓷，使青瓷艺术达到了高峰。 During the Northern Song Dynasty, the kiln of Jingde Town imitated the tone and moist texture of blue and white jade, and creatively fired a kind of blue and white porcelain that was "white soil and ridges, thin and greasy, and moist in color", bringing the art of celadon to a peak. --Yang Hairong (talk) 09:27, 14 October 2020 (UTC)

4.青瓷形成的主要原因是胎釉中含有一定量的氧化铁，在还原焰气氛中焙烧。但因有些青瓷因含铁不纯，还原气氛不充足，其色调也会呈现黄色或黄褐色。 The main reason for the formation of celadon is that there is a certain amount of iron oxide in the glaze, which is fired in a reducing flame atmosphere. However, because some celadon contains impure iron and the reducing atmosphere is not sufficient, the color will also be yellow or yellowish brown.--Yang Hairong (talk) 09:27, 14 October 2020 (UTC)

Yang Yue 杨悦

1、春眉茶的外形纤细如眉，峰毫显露，色泽绿润，内质香气飘香持久，汤色嫩绿明亮，滋味鲜醇爽口，叶底嫩绿匀齐。

Chunmee Tea gets its name from the curve of the processed leaf. It was thought, when viewing the beautifully shaped leaf, that it resembled that of a woman’ s finely formed eyebrow——as opposed to an older man’ s bristly brow. Great skill is required to produce this very high-quality green tea. The fine eyebrow-shaped leaves produce a clear, yellow- greenish brew with a distinctive sweet, plum-like flavor.--Yang Yue (talk) 03:03, 13 October 2020 (UTC)

2、世界上最古老、历史上最重要的贸易路线之一——丝绸之路，总给人一种富有异国情调的印象：骆驼商队、狂风肆虐的沙漠，还有诸如成吉思汗和马可波罗等传奇人物。丝绸之路绵亘远长，西至印度王国，东到中国现在的西安，早在公元前三世纪，丝绸之路就已经成为了亚洲交通的十字路口。

One of the world’ s most ancient and historically important trade routes, the Silk Road conjures up exotic images of camel caravans, windswept deserts, and such legendary figures as Gengh is Khan and Marco Polo. Extending as far as the Indian kingdoms in the west, to present-day Xi’an in China in the east, the Silk Road was already a crossroads of Asia by the third century B. C.--Yang Yue (talk) 03:03, 13 October 2020 (UTC)

3、中国是最早制造陶器的国家之一。也是最早发明瓷器的国家。早在欧洲人掌握瓷器制造技术一千多年前，中国人已经制造出很精美的瓷器。中国瓷器因其极高的实用性和艺术性备受世人的推崇。

China was among the first to create one of the countries of pottery, porcelain was one of the first invention. As early as the European have porcelain manufacturing technology over 1000 years ago, Chinese people have created a very fine porcelain. Porcelain from China for its high artistic quality and relevance of the world have attracted much praise.--Yang Yue (talk) 03:03, 13 October 2020 (UTC)

China is one of the earliest countries producing pottery and creating porcelain as well. More than 1,000 years before the Europeans commanded porcelain manufacturing techniques, Chinese people had created exquisite porcelains which are well respected for their usefulness and artistic quality. --Zhao Xi (talk) 10:06, 13 October 2020 (UTC)

4、青瓷是宋代名窑,其釉色晶莹剔透，有开裂或成冰片状，粉青紫口是其特色。

Celadon is a famous kiln in Song Dynasty. It is a celadon ware with sparkling and crystal-clear glazing color, cracks and flakes as ice shape, pink and indigo mouth.--Yang Yue (talk) 03:03, 13 October 2020 (UTC)

Yuan Tianyi 袁天翼

茶是中国人日常生活中不可或缺的饮料。中国人对泡茶非常挑剔，常用泉水、雨水或雪水来泡茶。其中，泉水和秋天的雨水最好。水质和味道最为重要，好的水必须是纯净、凉爽、清澈、流动的。茶在中国人的情感生活中扮演了重要的角色。到中国人家里做客，主人总是立刻就敬上一杯茶。

Tea is recognized as an indispensable drink in Chinese people’s daily life. Chinese are very particular about making tea, so they often make tea with spring water, rain water or snow water, among which that represent the best are spring water and rain water of autumn. Moreover, the quality and flavor of water play a crucial role in the choice, which means that it must be pure, cool, clean and fluid. Tea occupy a momentous position in Chinese people’s emotional life. Therefore, when somebody visits one Chinese family, he or she will immediately be offered a cup of tea.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 09:15, 14 October 2020 (UTC)

丝绸是中国的特产，中国古代劳动人民发明并大规模生产丝绸制品，更开启了世界历史上第一次东西方大规模的商贸交流，史称“丝绸之路”。从西汉起，中国的丝绸不断大批地运往国外，成为世界闻名的产品。那时从中国到西方去的大路，被欧洲人称为丝绸之路，中国也被称之为“丝国”。

Silk is unique to China, which was invented and massively produced by ancient Chinese people, thus ushering in the first large scale of trade exchange between the East and the West in the world history, historically named as “Silk Road”. From the West Han Dynasty, silk of China was constantly transported to foreign countries at an enormous scale, gradually becoming a well-known product in the world. At that time, the road from China to the West was called Silk Road by Europeans, and China was called “Silk Country”.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 09:15, 14 October 2020 (UTC)

在所有中国所有艺术品中，最为知名的当属瓷器。瓷器不仅受到了中国人的喜爱与垂青，而且还受到了海外人士的青睐与认可。唐朝（公元618-907年）的瓷器因富于动态美、采用彩釉以及制作精细而享誉中国历史。唐朝最具特色的瓷器——唐三彩（褐、黄、绿）形态丰满、色彩绚丽，生动反映了唐朝鼎盛时期国富民强的局面。

Porcelain boasts the utmost fame among all Chinese arts, which not only has gained Chinese people’s affection and favor, but also interest and recognition from overseas residents. Porcelains of the Tang Dynasty(A.D. 618-907) enjoy countless praise in Chinese history for their dynamic beauty, utilization of color ceramic glaze and fine handicraft art. Tang tri-colored pottery(brown, yellow and green), the most distinctive porcelain, vividly reflected the Tang Dynasty’s affluence of the government and strength of its people through its opulent form and florid colors.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 09:15, 14 October 2020 (UTC)

中国劳动人民制作瓷器的历史悠久，品种繁多。早在商周时期就出现了原始青瓷，历经春秋战国时期的发展，到东汉有了重大突破。三国两晋南北朝后，南方和北方所烧青瓷开始各具特色。

It has been a long history for Chinese working people to produce porcelains with sundry kinds. Back to the Shang and Zhou Period, there were primitive celadons, and after the development in Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a breakthrough was made on celadons. After the Three Kingdoms, Two Jin and South and North Period, different characteristics of celadons produced by the South and the North began to appear.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 09:15, 14 October 2020 (UTC)

Zhang Hui 张慧

1.中国是茶类最为丰富的国家，被誉为茶的祖国和文化的发源地。 China is the country with the most abundant tea, and is known as the birthplace of tea and culture.--Zhang Hui (talk) 08:41, 13 October 2020 (UTC)

China, famed as the motherland of tea and the origin of cultures, boasts the richest kinds of tea.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 09:17, 14 October 2020 (UTC)

2.丝绸织品技术曾被中国垄断数百年，由于其编制技术在当时是一种复杂的工艺，又因其特有的手感和光泽备受人们的关注，因而丝织品成为工业革命以前世界主要的国际贸易物资。 The technology of Silk fabric was monopolized by China for hundreds of years. Because its weaving technology was a complicated craft at that time,and it was attracted by people for its unique feel and luster, silk fabrics became the world's main international trade goods before the industrial revolution.--Zhang Hui (talk) 08:41, 13 October 2020 (UTC)

3.中国是瓷器的故乡，瓷器是古代劳动人民的一个重要的创造。 China is the hometown of porcelain. And porcelain is an important creation of ancient working people.--Zhang Hui (talk) 08:41, 13 October 2020 (UTC)

4.青瓷是中国南方文化区绝对主流的物质载体，器型、纹饰等特色的每次重大变化都映射出中国南北文化整合的进展步伐。 Celadon is the absolute mainstream material carrier in the cultural area of southern China, and every major change in the characteristics of vessels, patterns, etc. reflects the progress of the integration of China's north and south culture.--Zhang Hui (talk) 08:41, 13 October 2020 (UTC)

Zhao Xi 赵茜

1.中国茶文化的形成,源自唐代。宋元明清时期,在继承传统的基础上,它又得到了深入的发展,相继出现了煎茶、点茶、斗茶、泡茶等不同特点、风格各异的饮茶习俗。

The emergence of tea culture originated from the Tang Dynasty and further advanced in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, successively appearing such customs with various features and styles as frying tea, whisking tea, competing tea, and brewing up tea. --Zhao Xi (talk) 10:10, 13 October 2020 (UTC)

2.丝绸是我国的传统产业,随着中国产业与资本市场的融合,丝绸作为重要国货走向了世界贸易舞台,并成为我国外贸平衡入超的主要手段。

Silk is a traditional industry of China. As a domestic, silk have gone to the world trade arena and turned into the major means to balance foreign trade deficit with the infusion of Chinese industries and capital market.--Zhao Xi (talk) 10:10, 13 October 2020 (UTC)

3.历史上许多优秀陶瓷作品是功能与形式、技术与艺术完美结合,不仅基于生活需要,还受到时代和审美的支配,其中蕴含了人类宝贵的智慧。

In history, a number of extraordinary ceramics, as the perfect combination of functions, forms, techniques and art, not only are based on the life needs, but also controlled by the times and aesthetic perspectives, among which contain precious human wisdom. --Zhao Xi (talk) 10:10, 13 October 2020 (UTC)

4.龙泉窑是我国历史名窑,在中国陶瓷史上以其釉色青翠如玉、工艺精湛独特、烧制年代长、窑址分布广、生产规模大和外销范围广而著称,具有极高的艺术水准和文化研究价值 。 Longquan kiln is a celebrated kiln in the history of China and is well-known as a jade-colored glaze, exquisite and unique techniques, widely distributed kiln locations, a long-time firing history, large-scale productions and broad export sales, boasting its highly artistic standards and cultural studying values.--Zhao Xi (talk) 10:10, 13 October 2020 (UTC)

Zhao Xiaoyan 赵晓燕

1.中国是茶的故乡，中国人发现并利用茶，据说始于神农时代，少说也有4700多年了。 China is the hometown of tea. It is said that the Chinese people started finding and making tea in Shen Nong's era, at least over 4700 years ago.--Zhao Xiaoyan (talk) 07:41, 13 October 2020 (UTC) China is the hometown of tea. The discovery and use of tea by Chinese people is said to have started in the Shennong era, which is less than 4700 years old.--Zhang Hui (talk) 09:11, 13 October 2020 (UTC)

2.中国丝绸，源远流长，至少在距今5000年的新石器时代，我国长江流域和黄河流域已经出现了丝绸的曙光。 Chinese silk has a very long history, which had been found in Yangtze River region and Yellow River region in the Neolithic age at least 5000 years ago.--Zhao Xiaoyan (talk) 07:41, 13 October 2020 (UTC) Chinese silk has a long history. At least in the Neolithic Age 5,000 years ago, the dawn of silk has appeared in Yangtze River and Yellow River basins.--Zhang Hui (talk) 09:11, 13 October 2020 (UTC)

3.瓷器的前身是原始青瓷，它是由陶器向瓷器阶段过渡的产物。 The predecessor of porcelain is primitive celadon, which is the product of the transition from pottery to porcelain.--Zhao Xiaoyan (talk) 07:41, 13 October 2020 (UTC) The predecessor of porcelain is primitive celadon, which is the product of the transition from pottery to porcelain.--Zhang Hui (talk) 09:11, 13 October 2020 (UTC)

4.青瓷是中国南方文化区绝对主流的物质载体，器型、纹饰等特色的每次重大变化都映射出中国南北文化整合进步的步伐。 Celadon is the absolute mainstream material carrier in the cultural area of southern China. Every major change in the characteristics of celadon type and patterns reflects the pace of integration and progress of China's north and south culture.--Zhao Xiaoyan (talk) 07:41, 13 October 2020 (UTC) Celadon is the absolute mainstream material carrier in the cultural area of southern China, and every major change in the characteristics of vessels, patterns, etc. reflects the progress of the integration of China's north and south culture.--Zhang Hui (talk) 09:11, 13 October 2020 (UTC)