Difference between revisions of "Report CN EN 07"

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=Liang Xinlu=
 
=Liang Xinlu=
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于是,他们只好找到第四家美国公司,想请对方帮他们编写ー份招标书。在他 们的概念中,请美方帮着编写ー份招标书,就像在国内随便找个人帮着起草ー份企 划稿,小事ー桩,算不了什么。
+
==卷三：1.目录==
  
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“我们想请你们编写ー份招标书。”他们来到一家公司,开诚布公,说明来意。
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卷ー
  
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Therefore, they had no choice but to find a fourth American company, and wanted to ask the other party to help them write a tender.
+
序李炳银/001
  
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In their minds, asking the U.S. company to help them prepare a tender was like asking someone in China to help them draft a business plan, a trivial matter, nothing more.
+
哥德巴赫猜想 徐 迟/001
  
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"We would like to ask you to prepare a tender." They came to a company, openly and honestly, explain the purpose.
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船长柯岩/021
  
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该公司负责人听了后,说:“帮你们编写招标书,当然可以。”
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痴情理由/040
  
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乌可カー听很高兴,几天来的一件心事总算有了着落。
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中国姑娘鲁光/ 086
  
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“不过,”这位负责人说,“得先付定金。”
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三门李逸闻乔迈Z 138
  
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The company's director listened and said, "I'll help you write the tender, of course.
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胡杨泪孟晓云/ 150
  
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Wu Keli was very happy to hear that a matter that had been on his mind for the past few days had finally settled down.
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原野在呼唤 王兆军/ 163
  
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"But," said the director, "you have to pay a deposit first.
+
热血男儿李士非/ 183
  
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ー听又要钱,乌可カ转身就想走。但在走之前,他还是小心翼翼地试着问了一 句:“要付多少定金啊?”
+
卷二
  
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“ー百万美元”！
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中国农民大趋势（节选）李延国/219
  
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“什么? 一百万美元!？”
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理论狂人 陈祖芬/261
  
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Hearing that money is required again like before, Wu Keli turned around and wanted to leave.
+
神圣忧思录 张 敏/283
  
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But before leaving, he cautiously asked a question: "How much is the deposit?"
+
强国梦（节选）赵瑜/315
  
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"One million dollars"!
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伐木者,醒来!（节选）徐 刚Z358
  
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"What? One million dollars!?"
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步鑫生现象的反思 周嘉俊Z397
  
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乌可力和代表团成员个个惊得目瞪ロ呆。等清醒过来后,第一件事就是急忙 握手,马上“拜拜”。
+
昆山之路杨守松/ 425
  
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接下来,他们又找到另一家美国公司。可他们刚与这家公司的人见面,对方就 让他们介绍自己的专业背景,意思是看你有没有谈论发射火箭问题的资格。等他 们介绍了自己的专业背景后,对方又提出ー个稀奇古怪的问题:“你们西昌发射场 四周都是山,发射卫星时,要是火箭喷出的大火把山冲倒了,山再翻过来,把火箭推 倒了怎么办?”
+
飞向太空港（节选）李鸣生/465
  
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Wu Keli and the delegation members were all stunned.
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东方风来满眼春 陈锡添/526
  
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When they came to their senses, the first thing they did was to shake hands hastily and say "goodbye" immediately.
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好梦将圆时 江永红/539
  
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Next, they found another American company.
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智慧风暴（节选）王宏甲/573
  
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But as soon as they met with the people from this company, they were asked to introduce their professional background, meaning whether they were qualified to talk about launching rockets.
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卷四
  
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乌可カー听这话,感到非常窝火,便来了脾气,毫不客气地回敬说:“你说的这 个问题,根本就不是个问题。我们西昌发射场发射了那么多颗卫星,从来没有出 现过像你说的这种情况。很显然,你提的这个问题没有根据。如果你不信的话, 我可以邀请你们去西昌发射场参观一次我们的发射,看看到底是不是像你说的 那样。”
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4万:400万的牵挂 张雅文/ 625
  
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其实,上述发生的这些不愉快,算不了什么。乌可カ告诉我,真正让中国代表 团感到气愤的,是后来与美国特雷卫星公司打交道时发生的一件事。
+
香港回归祖国10周年回眸 长 江/ 670
  
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那天,按事先的约定,乌可カ与美国特雷卫星公司总经理舒尔兹先生进行会 谈。两人相见后,乌可カ刚一落座,舒尔兹先生便将一本画报递到他的手上,说: “看看吧!”
+
木棉花开李春雷/695
  
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乌可カ接过画报ー看,惊呆了!画报第9页竟有这样一幅漫画:4个啤酒瓶组 成一个“发射架”，“发射架”上挂着一个又粗又长的鞭炮,鞭炮上写着:中国“长征 三号”！
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休息的革命（缩写本）王宏甲 刘 建/716
  
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“奇耻大辱!简直是奇耻大辱!”乌可カ气得手指发颤,半晌说不出话来。
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闪着泪光的事业 蒋 巍/758
  
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舒尔兹先生叹了口气,说:“这就是有些美国人对你们中国航天技术的评价！ 他们认为你们的发射架是啤酒瓶做的,不保险;而’长征三号’火箭,则像ー挂小孩 子玩耍的鞭炮！”
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让百姓做主朱晓军李英/ 777
  
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乌可カ啪地合上画报,说:“是的,我这次到美国来,有人还问我,中国有没有自 来水?”
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难回故里郭冬Z 817
  
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“什么?竟有这等事情?!”舒尔兹反倒惊诧起来。
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卷五
  
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“我回答他们说,中国不仅有自来水,还有原子弹、氢弹、亿次计算机！还有同 步通信卫星,还有’长征号’火箭!”乌可カーロ气说完,非常激动,ー脸通红。
+
国家何建明/855
  
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After they introduced their professional background, the company asked another strange question: "You have mountains all around the Xichang launch site, when you launch the satellite, what if the rocket shoot out fire and blow down the mountain, and then the mountain fragments knock down the rocket?"
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蛟龙探海（节选）许 晨/ 915
  
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Hearing this, Wu Keli felt very annoyed, so he lost his temper and replied unceremoniously: "The problem you mentioned is not a problem at all.
+
袁隆平的世界（节选）陈启文/950
  
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We have launched so many satellites from the Xichang launch site, and there has never been such a situation as you said.
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“神舟”天路 兰宁远/ 1011
  
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Obviously, the question you raised is groundless.
+
智慧之翼李青松/ 1044
  
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If you don't believe me, I can invite you to visit our launch at the Xichang launch site to see if it is as you said. "
+
附录 改革开放四十年优秀报告文学存目Z 1060
  
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In fact, the above-mentioned unhappiness is nothing.
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目录
  
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What really irritated the Chinese delegation, Wu Keli told me, was an incident that occurred later when dealing with the American company Trey Satellite.
+
Contents
  
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On that day, as agreed in advance, Wu Keli had a meeting with Mr. Schulz, the general manager of the American Trey Satellite Company.
+
卷一
  
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When they met, Mr. Schulz handed him a pictorial newspaper as soon as he was seated and said:
+
Volume One
  
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"Take a look!"
+
序 李炳银/001
  
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Ucca took the pictorial and was astonished! On page 9 of the pictorial there was a cartoon of four beer bottles forming a "launcher" on which a thick and long firecracker was hung, and on the firecracker was written: "China's "Long March III "!
+
Preface by Li Bingyin/001
  
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"What a shame! What a shame!" Wu Keli was so angry that his fingers trembled, and he was speechless for a while.
+
哥德巴赫猜想 徐 迟/001
  
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Mr. Schulz sighed and said, "This is what some Americans say about your Chinese space technology!
+
Goldbach’s Conjecture by Xu Chi/001
  
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They think your launcher is made of beer bottles, not safe; and the 'Long March III' rocket, like a child playing with firecrackers! "
+
船长 柯岩/021
  
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Wu Keli flapped it l shut and said, "That's true, when I come to America this time, someone asked me, does China have tap water?"
+
Master by Ke Yan/021
  
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"What? What?" Schulz was surprised.
+
痴情 理由/040
  
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"I replied to them that China not only had tap water, but also atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, billion-time computers!
+
Obsession by Li You/040
  
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There are also synchronous communication satellites, and the 'Long March' rocket!" Wu Keli finished speaking in one breath, very excited, and his face flushed.
+
中国姑娘 鲁光/ 086
  
−
Therefore, they had no choice but to find a fourth American company, and wanted to ask the other party to help them write a tender.
+
Chinese Girls by Lu Guang/086
  
−
In their minds, asking the U.S. company to help them prepare a tender was like asking someone in China to help them draft a business plan, a trivial matter, nothing more.
+
三门李逸闻 乔迈/ 138
  
−
"We would like to ask you to prepare a tender.
+
Sanmen Li Anecdotes by Qiao Mai/138
  
−
They came to a company, openly and honestly, explain the purpose.
+
胡杨泪 孟晓云/ 150
  
−
The company's director listened and said, "I'll help you write the tender, of course.
+
Tears of Populus Euphratica by Meng Xiaoyun/150
  
−
Wu Keli was very happy to hear that a matter that had been on his mind for the past few days had finally settled down.
+
原野在呼唤 王兆军/ 163
  
−
"But," said the director, "you have to pay a deposit first.
+
The Fields Were Calling by Wang Zhaojun/163
  
−
Hearing that money is required again like before, Wu Keli turned around and wanted to leave.
+
热血男儿 李士非/ 183
  
−
But before leaving, he cautiously asked a question: "How much is the deposit?"
+
Hot-blooded Man by Li Shifei/183
  
−
"One million dollars"!
+
卷二
  
−
"What? One million dollars?"
+
Volume Two
  
−
Wu Keli and the delegation were all stunned.
+
中国农民大趋势（节选）李延国/219
  
−
When they came to their senses, the first thing they did was to shake hands and say "goodbye" immediately.
+
General Trend for Chinese Farmers (Excerpt) by Li Yanguo/219
  
−
Next, they found another American company.
+
理论狂人 陈祖芬/261
  
−
But as soon as they met with the people from this company, they were asked to introduce their professional background, meaning whether you were qualified to talk about launching rockets.
+
Theory Fanatic by Chen Zufen/261
  
−
After they introduced their professional background, the company asked another strange question: "You have mountains all around the Xichang launch site, when you launch the satellite, what if the rocket shoot out fire and blow down the mountain, and then the mountain fragments knock down the rocket?"
+
神圣忧思录 张 敏/283
  
−
Hearing this, Wu Keli felt very annoyed, so he lost his temper and replied unceremoniously: "The problem you mentioned is not a problem at all.
+
A Deliberation on the Divine by Zhang Min/283
  
−
We have launched so many satellites from the Xichang launch site, and there has never been such a situation as you said.
+
强国梦（节选）赵瑜/315
  
−
Obviously, the question you raised is groundless.
+
The Dream of Great Power (Excerpt) by Zhao Yu/315
  
−
If you don't believe me, I can invite you to visit our launch at the Xichang launch site to see if it is as you said. "
+
伐木者,醒来!（节选）徐 刚/358
  
−
In fact, the above-mentioned unhappiness is nothing.
+
Wake up, Loggers! (Excerpt) by Xu Gang/358
  
−
What really irritated the Chinese delegation, Wu Keli told me, was an incident that occurred later when dealing with the American company Trey Satellite.
+
步鑫生现象的反思 周嘉俊/397
  
−
On that day, as agreed in advance, Wu Keli had a meeting with Mr. Schulz, the general manager of the American Trey Satellite Company.
+
Reflection on the Bu Xinsheng Phenomenon by Zhou Jiajun/397
  
−
When they met, Mr. Schulz handed him a pictorial newspaper as soon as he was seated and said:
+
卷三
  
−
"Take a look!"
+
Volume Three
  
−
Ucca took the pictorial and was astonished! On page 9 of the pictorial there was a cartoon of four beer bottles forming a "launcher" on which a thick and long firecracker was hung, and on the firecracker was written: "China's "Long March III "!
+
昆山之路 杨守松/ 425
  
−
"What a shame! What a shame!" Wu Keli was so angry that his fingers trembled, and he was speechless for a while.
+
The Kunshan Path by Yang Shousong/425
  
−
Mr. Schulz sighed and said, "This is what some Americans say about your Chinese space technology!
+
飞向太空港（节选）李鸣生/465
  
−
They think your launcher is made of beer bottles, not safe; and the 'Long March III' rocket, like a child playing with firecrackers! "
+
Flying to the Spaceport (Excerpt) by Li Mingsheng/465
  
−
Wu Keli flapped it l shut and said, "That's true, when I come to America this time, someone asked me, does China have tap water?"
+
东方风来满眼春 陈锡添/526
  
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"What? What?" Schulz was surprised.
+
Vigor of Spring Greets the Eyes as the Warm Wind Comes by Chen Xitian/526
  
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"I replied to them that China not only had tap water, but also atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, billion-time computers!
+
好梦将圆时 江永红/539
  
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There are also synchronous communication satellites, and the 'Long March' rocket!" Wu Keli finished speaking in one breath, very excited, and his face flushed.
+
When Good Dreams Come True by Jiang Yonghong/539
  
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舒尔兹先生望着气呼呼的乌可カ,深感歉意,什么话也说不出来。
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智慧风暴（节选）王宏甲/573
  
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片刻,乌可カ转过身来,说:“舒尔兹先生,谢谢您今天让我看到了这幅漫画！ 不过,我有个小小的请求,不知能否如我所愿?”
+
The Storm of Wisdom (Excerpt) by Wang Hongjia/573
  
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“什么请求?请讲,我一定尽力而为。”舒尔兹先生说。
+
卷四
  
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乌可カ抖了抖手中的画报,非常平静地说:“这本画报,您能不能送给我?”
+
Volume Four
  
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舒尔兹先生说:“你要它干吗?”
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4万:400万的牵挂 张雅文/ 625
  
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乌可カ说:“我要把它带回我的祖国去,让我的同胞们都好好看看！然后,再将 它放到博物馆里,做个永久的’纪念’！”
+
Zhang Yawen/625
  
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“既然如此,那就随意吧。”舒尔兹先生说。
+
香港回归祖国10周年回眸 长 江/ 670
  
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乌可カ抓起画报,转身离去。
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A Look Back at the 10th Anniversary of Hong Kong's Return to China by Chang Jiang/670
  
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中国代表团此次去美“游说”,长达半月。在这半个月里,尽管代表团碰到了 许多坎坷,遇到了不少挫折,甚至还经历了一些有苦难言的心酸,但到了后期,当休 斯公司一位首席科学家认真听取了中方介绍的“长征”系列火箭的详细情况后,认 为用中国的“长征三号”运载火箭发射美国的卫星,在技术上是可行的,也是可信 的。这让美国一些卫星公司对中国火箭的信任度明显增加,双方最终还是进入了 商务性谈判阶段。
+
木棉花开 李春雷/695
  
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因此,就首次出征而言,中国代表团这次“游说”美国,虽不能说首战告捷,但 也算可圈可点;不光与美国泛美太平洋公司、多美尼影视卫星公司等签订了 6个订 座协议,还与美国特雷卫星公司草签了 2个发射合同。
+
Kapok in Bloom by Li Chunlei/695
  
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九、轨道大转移
+
休息的革命（缩写本）王宏甲 刘 建/716
  
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中国承揽外国卫星发射业务这一史无前例的举动,不仅在国外引起很大震动, 在国内也引起强烈反响。从中央到地方,从航天专家到普通老百姓,无不对此表示 深切的关注,也无不对此表示莫大的担心。
+
Revolution of Rest(Abridged version) by Wang Hongjia, Liu Jian/716
  
−
众所周知,近代以来中国是ー个贫穷落后的国家,中华民族是ー个长期备受欺 辱的民族。直到!949年10月,用毛泽东的话来说,中国人民オ站起来了。
+
闪着泪光的事业 蒋 巍/758
  
−
但是,站起来了,并不等于一定能走下去。任何ー个国家,任何ー个民族,要想 在这个世界上求生存、求发展,有威望、有地位,不受外来侵略、不受外来欺侮,除了 必须具有完善的社会制度,还必须拥有高度发达的经济、军事和科学技术;尤其是 历史发展到大科学时代的今天,科学技术发达与否,事关重大,举足轻重。
+
The Career with Tears by Jiang Wei/758
  
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因此,在当今这个大科学时代,“科学社会化,社会科学化”已然成为一种日益 发展的新趋势。科学技术的发展,不仅对社会生产、社会生活以及军事领域等的连 锁变革产生了深远影响,而且对社会经济也产生了重大作用。
+
让百姓做主 朱晓军 李英/ 777
  
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众所周知,“热兵器”时代的诞生,使得“冷兵器”时代成为历史;舰船、飞机、大 炮、坦克和战略导弹的出现和应用,使人类的战争舞台上出现了海军、空军、机械化 部队和导弹部队;而!957年10月4日,苏联将人类第一颗人造卫星送上天,又把 人类带入了神奇的航天时代。
+
Let Common People Decide by Zhu Xiaojun, Li Ying/777
  
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而中国,这个早在一千多年前就发明了世界上第一枚火箭的国家,这个过去连
+
难回故里 郭冬/817
  
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自行车、汽车、飞机都不能制造的国家,1970年4月24日,将中国第一颗人造卫星 “东方红一号”成功地送上了茫茫太空!
+
Guo Dong/817
  
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此后,中国开始了向现代火箭技术的挺进〇经过几十年的艰苦奋斗,不仅研制 成功了近程、中程和远程火箭,而且在航天技术上实现了三次重大突破:飞向太空, 返回地面,发射同步通信卫星。
+
卷五
  
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而今天,中国的火箭又将走向世界,为国外发射商业卫星,实现从国内试验轨 道到国际商业轨道的大转移。这是中国航天发射的一个重大转变,也是ー个民族 一次新的飞跃。
+
Volume Five
  
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中国改革开放后,整个国家工作重点转移到社会主义现代化建设上,1985年5 月的军委扩大会议上,中央对国防科技工业也提出了要求一国防科技工业也要 实行相应的战略大转变。
+
国家 何建明/855
  
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但国防科技工业如何实现这一转变,却是一道大难题。
+
The Country by He Jianming/855
  
−
产冰箱,搞彩电,固然是条门路;造轮胎,做灯泡,也是ー种办法;开公司,办エ 厂,外加技术输出,同样无可非议。
+
蛟龙探海（节选）许 晨/ 915
  
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问题是,若是长此下去,最终的出路到底在哪里?
+
Xu Chen/915
  
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过去,中国所有的发射,都是属于科研试验性质。也就是说,无论是火箭还是 卫星,都是科研试验产品,不能像食盐、酱油、红薯、土豆那样随便拿到市场去卖,所 有的研制经费都是靠国家拨专款支撑;而且,高科技必然是高投资。
+
袁隆平的世界（节选）陈启文/950
  
−
但是,如果能发射外国卫星,就属于商业性质的发射,就是ー种不出国门的高 技术服务。换句话说,中国的高科技就可以从原来的科研试验轨道,一下转移到商 品经济的轨道。除了壮国威、壮军威、鼓士气,还可创造经济价值,赚取大量外汇。 而中国改革开放后,要引进大量的先进技术、先进设备,急需的正是外汇!
+
Yuan Longping's World (Excerpt) by Chen Qiwen/950
  
−
同时,发射外国卫星,是ー种商业性质的国际技术交流与合作。通过这种交流 与合作,中国的发射队伍和测控队伍,可以开阔眼界,获得实践和提高业务水平的 机会,从中学到不少宝贵的经验,借以改进不足,促进自身技术水平的发展。
+
“神舟”天路 兰宁远/ 1011
  
−
此外,由于发射外国卫星是商业性质,国外厂商对发射质量的要求必然十分严 格,甚至相当苛刻,这就逼着中国的科技队伍必须提升自己,去适应和满足国外市 场的要求。
+
The Long Journey of“Shenzhou”to Space by Lan Ningyuan/1011
  
−
当然了,既然发射外国卫星是商业性质,就必然要考虑经济效益问题,这就迫 使中国从思想观念到思维方式、从技术革新到队伍管理等各个方面,来一次彻底 改变。
+
智慧之翼 李青松/ 1044
  
−
因此,发射外国卫星对中国而言,不光是一次技术革命,更是一次思想革命!
+
Intelligent Wing by Li Qingsong/1044
−
1986年7月17日上午,国防科工委和航天部领导在国务院第十三会议室就发 射外国卫星问题,向中央财经领导小组专门作了详细的汇报。
 
  
−
很快,国务院、中央军委下达了正式文件,将发射外国卫星列入国家的重点 工程。
+
附录 改革开放四十年优秀报告文学存目/ 1060
  
−
于是,有关发射外国卫星的工程、技术及生活等各方面的准备工作,很快在全 国展开。仅西昌卫星发射基地亟待抢建的工程,就达十项之多!
+
==卷三：2.昆山之路==
  
−
十、面对世界的挑战
+
昆山之路
 +
  
−
厄运降临时
+
The Kunshan Path
  
−
1986年夏,国际空间技术商务会议在美国华盛顿举行。中国代表团怀着忐忑 的心情,第一次迈进了这个会场。
 
  
−
就在这次会上,中国“长征三号”运载火箭第一次在美国、英国、法国、日本、澳 大利亚等数十个国家的代表面前正式亮相,并经受了对方各种各样的考验,当然也 包括某些刁难。
+
杨守松
  
−
此后几个月里,美国、加拿大的4家保险公司和1?家空间技术公司先后与中 国开展了业务联系,20多颗不同类型的卫星开始微笑着向中国靠拢。
 
  
−
1986年底,中国与美国西联卫星公司签订了用“长征三号”火箭发射“西联六 号”卫星的发射订座协议。
+
Yang Shousong
  
−
此外,印度尼西亚、澳大利亚、加拿大、联邦德国和泰国等,则与中国在洽谈之 中;而其他ー些公司,也表示了要让中国发射卫星的意向。
 
  
−
中国对外商业卫星发射,可谓形势大好,前景喜人。
+
开头（之一）
  
−
然而,竞争激烈的国际航天发射市场毕竟不是什么人都可以随便出入的,更不 是任凭中国随意运作的。正当中国在通向国际商业卫星发射市场的路上春风得意 并钏足了劲儿拼命往里挤时,ー场似乎早已注定的商业危机却悄然降临了。
 
  
−
由于国际商业市场中某种微妙的原因,一双双神秘的大手最早伸向的是已经 和中国签订了发射订座协议的美国西联卫星公司:不仅银行纷纷拒绝为它提供贷 款,所有“绿灯”也突然统统对它关闭。最后,在残酷的商业竞争和无形的外力挤 压下,西联卫星公司被迫倒闭!
+
Beginning ( Part one )
  
−
西联卫星公司倒闭后,美国特雷卫星公司的总裁施瓦兹先生却接过西联卫星 公司的六号卫星订座协议,亲自率领几名专家来到中国,坚持继续用中国的火箭为 其发射卫星。
 
  
−
施瓦兹先生是位美籍华人,对中国感情极深。他之所以要前仆后继,知难而 上,一方面出于某种商业道德的考虑,另ー方面则出于对中国的深厚感情。当他千 里迢迢来到北京时,中方代表曾提醒他说:“美国西联卫星公司已经倒闭,请您务必 慎重行事。”但他说:“正因为西联卫星公司失败了,我オ要接着干下去。我这一生 最后的愿望,就是要在亚洲地区建立一个庞大的专业卫星通信网络,让亚洲地区的 人民,充分享受到中国火箭带给他们的欢乐与幸福。我要用自己的行动来向世界 证明,中国的火箭完全能够发射美国的卫星,中国的火箭一定能够打入国际商业发 射市场!”
+
中国是ー个梦。
  
−
于是在取得特雷公司的大力支持后,施瓦兹先生开始周游列国、游说八方,最 后终于获得了加拿大、澳大利亚等财团的资助,很快与中国草签了协议书,并预付 了第一笔定金。之后不久,在北京香格里拉饭店,施瓦兹先生坐在ー个月前西联卫 星公司总裁签字的同一位置上,挥笔与中国签订了正式合同。
 
  
−
这是中国发射外国卫星的第一个正式合同。
+
China is a dream.
  
−
可惜,特雷卫星公司最终还是和西联公司一样,没有逃脱破产的命运。据说, 当施瓦兹先生收到中止合同的法律文书时,这位六十岁的总裁竟流下了满脸热泪。
 
  
−
至此,中国好不容易签订的两份正式发射合同就这样作废了。
+
十月革命一声炮响,马列主义顺势而入,从此中国便做起了社会主义的梦。30 多年以后,有500年历史的故都北京在一夜之间,所有的城门钥匙都换了主人,共 和国国旗在28响礼炮声中冉冉升起。
  
−
更惨的是,不到一年的时间里,最后除瑞典一家外,国外所有公司与中国签订 的发射合同与订座协议,通通退得一干二净。甚至某些过去曾向中国大献殷勤的 外商,也纷纷退避三舍。
 
  
−
这是怎么回事呢?
+
With the October Revolution, Marxism-Leninism followed the trend, and China has been dreaming of socialism ever since.
 +
More than 30 years later, in Beijing, the ancient capital with a history of 500 years, all the city gate keys changed owners overnight, and the national flag of the Republic was raised gradually amidst the sound of 28 gun salutes.
  
−
中国政府自宣布对外承揽卫星发射业务后,世界各国的卫星公司先后来到中 国,在北京万源公司、西昌卫星发射基地和西安卫星测控中心等地进行了一系列的 参观、访问和洽谈活动。尽管他们不得不承认,中国无论是火箭的设计、研制水平, 还是火箭的发射、测控技术,都还不错。但国外的专家和老板们不是理想主义者, 他们拒绝空谈,只认事实,在没有绝对把握的情况下,是不可能把一个公司的命运 随随便便系在中国的裤腰带上的。
 
  
−
那么,到底是什么原因致使中国陷入如此难堪的境地呢?
+
又过了 40年,东欧局势如雪山崩塌,中国梦也变得沉重,变得空前地艰难……
  
−
第一,中国火箭发射次数太少。“长征号”火箭尽管已经成功地发射了几颗卫 星,但与国外相比,发射的次数太少一只有两三次。由于发射次数少,所以火箭 技术缺乏令人充分信服的根据。其可靠程度就难说,也不好预料。
 
  
−
第二,中国西昌发射场尚未达到国际标准。虽然西昌发射场在中国算是一个
+
After another 40 years, the situation in Eastern Europe collapsed like a snow mountain, and the Chinese dream became heavy and unprecedentedly difficult.
−
最现代化的发射场了,但当年筹建这个发射场时,可能什么都想到了,就是没想到 今后有一天中国的火箭会发射外国的卫星。因此,尽管外国人承认中国的发射场 具有发射外国卫星的能力,但从实际情况来看,在设施、交通、通信、生活等方面,目 前尚未达到国际标准。比如,没有符合国际标准的卫星测试厂房,没有从美国直达 西昌的航班,这一点对讲究时间效率的美国人来说非常重要;甚至连ー个像样的宾 馆也没有。虽说老外们也亲眼看到,西昌发射场确实正在抢建之中,但他们无法相 信,如此复杂庞大的工程,中国能在一年时间内抢建出来。
 
  
−
第三,国际保险界对中国火箭缺乏信任。发射商业卫星,属于高投资、高难度、 高风险的行业,无论是火箭飞行阶段,还是卫星与火箭分离后从同步轨道到定点静 止轨道,每个阶段随时都存在失败的可能,所以国际上有专门的保险公司出面为其 担保。但美国、法国近期几次发射失败后,世界不少保险公司严重亏损,最后被迫 退出空间保险市场,有的甚至彻底破产。在此情况下,一方面,国际空间发射保险 率急剧上涨,由原来的15%上涨到近40%一ー即便如此,保险商仍然不愿出面担 保;另一方面,国际保险公司对中国火箭的可靠性本来就缺乏认识,再遇上美国、法 国的连连失败,就更不愿出面为中国火箭保险了。中国的保险公司又从未担任过 空间保险,再加上中国尚无ー个完善的保险机构,保险问题便成了一大难题。而只 要发射商业卫星,就必须有保险公司承保;没有保险公司承保,万一发射失败,谁来 赔钱?
 
  
−
第四,金融界不愿贷款。中国人办事,是钱多多办事,钱少少办事,没钱就不办 事。外国人则不同,有钱要办事,没钱也要办事,而且还要办大事。这就是靠贷款。 外国商家要购买ー颗卫星请人发射,至少需要上亿美元。如此ー笔巨款,别无选 择,只能靠贷款。但是,当时国际金融界对中国的火箭缺乏了解,或者说不信任,所 以不愿轻易为其贷款。
+
开头（之ニ）
  
−
第五,美国卫星出境困难。在美国,卫星属于高技术产品,而高技术产品的出 境,必须经美国国务院、国防部、武器出口控制委员会等有关部门批准;此外,还 要受到国际巴黎统筹委员会的限制。而巴黎统筹委员会是由英、美、法、德、日等 多国组成的一个专管高技术出口的国际性组织,全世界所有高技术产品的出口 , 都要在它那里注册备案;凡是未经批准者,一律不许出境。所以,外商们对中国 到底有没有能力打通这ー系列的关口,最后搞到卫星出境许可证,持怀疑、观望 的态度。
 
  
−
第六,西欧某些国家在暗中进行抵制、阻挠。客观地说,不是所有西方国家都 欢迎中国进入国际商业市场,甚至有的国家一开始就对中国进行抵制。所以在谈 判过程中,他们在ー些条款、技术、价格等问题上,总是想方设法出难题;有的还在 背后散布ー些对中国火箭很不利的言论,甚至不时搞点小动作。
+
Beginning (Part two)
  
−
基于上述六点,外商们纷纷离去,也就不难理解了。
 
  
−
对此,中国火箭研究院院长沈辛茹深有体会,他说:“外国公司并不希望我们中 国的火箭进入国际市场,成为他们的竞争对手。记得!988年我去法国库鲁发射场 参观’阿里亚娜’火箭的第二十五次发射,临走前领导对我说,去了法国要多做エ 作,多向外商说明,我们一年只提供两枚火箭来发射外国卫星,只作为国际商业市 场的ー个补充,我们主要是满足国内的卫星发射。带着这个任务,我见到他们就宣 传,可得到的反应却非常强烈,也很一致,他们激动地说:’你说得很轻松,中国一年 ォ提供两枚火箭发射,我们一年オ八枚火箭呢!’这次给我留下的印象是,我们要进 入国际市场,他们不欢迎,绝对不欢迎「’
+
1968年最后一天,ー辆破旧的三轮车把我从火车站拉进了破旧的小城。低矮 的屋檐,窄窄的街道,随处可见歪斜的马桶刷子和飘零的裤裆片;冬日的太阳只是 象征性地画了半个圆便匆匆归去了一ー6点不到,小城便寂寞地进入了梦乡。
  
−
现在的问题是,面对如此困境,中国怎么办?
+
第二天,我就到城东的西河村“接受贫下中农再教育” 〇
  
−
全世界都知道,中国要发射美国卫星。不仅海外华侨、港澳同胞翘首以盼,亿 万中国人民也望眼欲穿,而今如此狼狈不堪,如何向中央汇报?怎么向国人交代?
+
城边上也有不少草屋。全县有好几万户。
  
−
更为严峻的是,动用了上亿元的专款来抢建的发射外星的工程,正处在争时 间、抢速度、大干快干拼命干的热烈气氛之中。但现在,生意突然做不成了 ,这些エ 程是继续上马,还是悬崖勒马?
+
这就是“天堂”。这也叫“天堂”？
  
−
“这是一段最叫人伤心而又难受的日子!”有人后来回忆说,“在这段日子里, 我们顿顿吃不好饭,夜夜睡不着觉。”
+
“穷山恶水血吸虫”,一位县委书记对苏州的昆山做了这个形象的概括。
  
−
发射测控系统部和长城公司的人,无论走到哪里,都会被人问:
+
忽然间这一切都飘逝了、消失了。老城焕然一新,新区拔地而起。西河的草棚 变成了瓦屋,变成了楼房,又变成了厂房和办公楼。56米宽的马路横穿腹部,几十 家企业变魔术一般相继出现。冰箱、彩电已进入寻常百姓家,录像机也正在悄然潜 入农户家中……城乡处处欢声笑语,车水马龙;一年四季商贾云集,游人如织……
  
−
“怎么,听说全砸啦?”
+
过去说,“小昆山”“小六子”,现在改了,叫“小上海”“小蛇口 不是天堂,但可与天堂媲美。
  
−
“你们是怎么搞的,没有吃准,咋就乱签合同呢?”
 
  
−
“下ー步怎么办?是进,还是退?是上马,还是下马?”
+
On the last day of 1968, a dilapidated tricycle took me from the train station to a small, run-down county.
 +
The low eaves, narrow streets, crooked toilet brushes and coarse cloth briefs are everywhere; the winter sun only symbolically drew a half circle before hurrying back - before six o’clock, the small county had quietly entered into a dreamland.
 +
The next day, I went to Xihe Village in the east of the town to "re-educate the poor and lower-middle peasants".
 +
There are also many thatched cottages on the edge of town.
 +
The whole county1111 has several tens of thousands of households.
 +
This is "paradise".
 +
Can this also be called ‘heaven’?
 +
"Schistosomes in poor mountains and bad waters", a county party secretary made this vivid summary of Kunshan in Suzhou.
 +
Suddenly all of this has drifted away and disappeared.
 +
The old city is new, and the new area is rising up.
 +
The thatched huts in Xihe turned into tile houses, then into buildings, and then into factories and office buildings.
 +
The 56-meter wide road crosses the midsection, and dozens of enterprises appear one after another magically.
 +
Refrigerators and color TVs have become commonplace in ordinary households, while video recorders are quietly making their way into rural homes. Laughter and joy can be heard everywhere in both urban and rural areas, with bustling traffic and crowds of tourists all year round. Merchants gather from all over, and visitors come in droves.
 +
In the past, we used to call it "Xiaokunshan" or "Xiaoluzi", but now this place is known as "Xiaoshanghai" or "Xiaoshekou".
 +
Not paradise, but comparable to paradise.
  
−
办公室,发射场,饭桌上,电梯里,到处议论纷纷:
 
  
−
“我早就说了,这事办不成!”
+
开头（之三）
  
−
“花了那么多钱,现在又搞砸了,这简直就是犯罪吗?”
+
我和他的驾驶员周一起喝酒。假如他也在,我一定会敬他ー杯。尽管我知道 他是滴酒不沾的。事实上,我也不会喝酒……我曾经做过他的秘书,只是连我自己 也无法相信的是,近1〇年来,我和他说话的时间通通加起来也不到1分钟。我是 跑跑写写而不会说说笑笑的那一类秘书。关于他,我从来没想到要说点什么或写 点什么。但此时此刻,我却急于想见到他,并且想到应该说点什么也写点什么。这 种强烈的欲望全是因为他的“退”而触发的。我忽然想到他的可贵,他的了不起。 我甚至妄想和他讨论一下“社会主义”这个大题目一凭直觉,他是有自己的见解 的。他一直在做,做的人最有发言权。
  
−
“早知今日,何必当初呢！老老实实待着,不比啥强?我看都是吃饱了撑的！”
+
借着酒劲,我找到了他的家。因为坦诚,只几分钟,我们便各自理解了对方。
  
−
有人询问,有人感叹,有人抱怨,有人指责,甚至还有人指着鼻子骂娘。
+
Beginning (Part three)
  
−
是的,用中国的火箭发射外国卫星,是中国人的一件大事。身为火箭故乡的子 孙,谁不关心?谁不着急?发点牢骚,讲点怪话,可以理解,也很正常
+
I had a drink with his driver, Zhou.
  
−
问题是,面对善良的人们,有苦难言的航天专家们能说什么呢?
+
If he had been there, I would have toasted him.
  
−
1985年初,欧洲航天界一位权威人士就说过:中国的火箭进入国际商业市场, 至少需要5年。
+
Even though I know he doesn't drink at all.
  
−
说这话的人,叫吉普森仁。
+
In fact, I don't drink either. I was his secretary, but even I can't believe that in the past 10 years, I've spoken to him for less than a minute all together.
  
−
吉普森仁是欧洲空间局第一任局长,国际宇航联合会副主席。欧洲空间联合 共同体,就是在他的倡导下建起来的。这是一位对中国的航天事业有过积极贡献 的英国人。1984年春天,在日本东京召开的国际宇航联合会上,中国也是在他的 支持下迫使台湾退出,オ正式加入国际宇航联合会的。
+
I'm the kind of secretary who runs and writes and doesn't talk and laugh.
  
−
1985年初,孙家栋副部长和乌可カ到欧洲各国进行卫星发射市场的调研时, 首先对他进行了私访。
+
I've never thought of anything to say or write about him.
  
−
那是巴黎ー个很美的夜晚,吉普森仁将孙家栋和乌可カ迎进他的小别墅。几 句寒暄后,他便从地窖里拿出十几种世界名酒,请两位中国老朋友入席。
+
But at this moment, I am anxious to see him and think of something to say or write.
  
−
吉普森仁的夫人是位钢琴家,为了助兴,特意为两位中国朋友弹奏贝多芬的 《命运交响曲》。吉普森仁酒量过人,且有收藏名酒的嗜好,地窖里存有几千瓶世 界名酒。孙家栋喝酒不怎么样,但乌可力是海量,因此彼此喝得很是痛快。
+
This strong desire was triggered by his " withdrawal".
  
−
席间,孙家栋谈起中国火箭打入国际市场一事,吉普森仁听后很激动,说:“中 国火箭若能打入国际市场,当然是好事。不过我要提醒你们的是,火箭发射打入国 际商业市场,是件非常困难的事。因为火箭发射是高保险、高投资,用户选择的条 件是十分苛刻的。”
+
I suddenly thought of his preciousness and his greatness.
  
−
孙家栋说:“我们对这方面确实还缺乏了解。”
+
I even thought about discussing with him the big topic of "socialism" - intuitively, he has his own opinion.
  
−
吉普森仁说:“我们的'阿里亚娜’火箭当初面临的是美国航天飞机的竞争,所 以ー开始采用的是免费发射的办法,接着又用低价格为对方发射了两发,最后オ打 入国际市场的。这就像卖东西,让你先尝尝味道怎么样,然后再谈价格,再说 交易。”
+
He's been doing it, and those who do it have the most to say.
  
−
乌可カ说:“您认为中国的火箭打入国际市场,有希望吗?”
+
Under the influence of alcohol, I found his home.
  
−
吉普森仁说:“中国的火箭要打入国际市场,我相信可以办到;但是,现在你们 的问题是没有经验,而且面临的又是美国和法国这两个非常强大的竞争对手,因此 要有长期的打算。”
+
Because of the honesty, it only took a few minutes for us to understand each other.
  
−
“大概需要多少年啊?”乌可カ举起酒杯,急不可待地问了一句。
 
  
−
吉普森仁也举起酒杯,却停了停,说:“依我之见,恐怕至少需要5年!”
+
第一章借东风催开花千树
  
−
后来的事实证明,吉普森仁的预测是正确的。
 
−
是的,发射外国卫星,并非易事。
 
  
−
截至1990年底,能进入国际商业卫星发射市场的,全世界只有美国和法国,而 法国还是靠!1个国家的力量オ进入的。它的“阿里亚娜”火箭打入国际市场,前后 用了 8年时间。甚至连苏联那样的航天大国,至今还板着委屈的面孔,被冷落 场外。
+
Chapter 1 Borrowing the East Wind to Hasten the Blossoming of Thousands of Trees
  
−
再说,商业卫星发射市场,已被美国等航天大国垄断了 20多年,其甜头妙不可 言,他们当然还想继续垄断下去,绝不希望有第三者来抢饭碗。所以在通向西方人 把守的国际商业市场的道路上,暗藏着温柔的利剑和美丽的陷阱,中国简直防不 胜防。
 
  
−
此外,中国是第一次踏进西方人统领的禁区,别说经验,连教训都没有;加上国 门封闭太久,刚一打开,就急于挤进国际商业发射市场。这一急,当然就会摔跟斗。
+
ー、1+! 乂2
  
−
所以说,中国想一下子就挤进国际卫星发射市场,是不现实的。
 
  
−
但是,面对如此困境,中国航天决策者们一致认为,发射外国卫星的工程绝不 能下马,不管有多大的困难和阻カ,一定要坚持下去!
+
1. "1 + 1 ≠ 2"
  
−
因为中国正面临着ー个开放的世界。发射外国卫星,既是改革开放的ー个伟 大壮举,也是中国科技史上的一次重大革命。而历史的经验一再证明,机会是非常 重要的,如同维纳斯的断臂,一旦失去,便永远无法续接。所以,在科学技术发生重 大变革的关键时刻,ー个国家只有利用科学技术的先进成果,抓住时机,才能实现 腾飞。中国近几百年之所以落在了世界的后面,其中一个很重要的原因,正是在科 学技术上错过了几次腾飞的机会。例如:
 
  
−
—明末清初之际,中国历史上兴起了第一次科技革命。当时,江南ー带商品 经济勃勃兴起,在手工业中出现了资本主义萌芽,这与欧洲最早的资本主义国家几 乎同时起步。就在这时,以意大利人利玛窦为首的西方传教士来到中国,带来了天 文学、地理学和火器等西方近代科学技术。于是,中西方两种科学技术产生了巨大 的接触与碰撞,使中国长期以来死气沉沉的科学技术第一次出现了复苏的景象。 遗憾的是,由于封建社会的重压,中国科技的翅膀最终还是没有展开。而远在欧洲 的英国,这时却抓住了历史赐予的大好时机,迅速赶超了意大利和荷兰,ー跃而成 为世界头号工业大国。
+
大上海旁边有个小昆山。昆山虽小,每年却能卖几亿斤商品粮。“田多劳少, 产量不高,贡献不小,分配蛮好。”这是在全县流传的顺ロ溜。自给自足也自满自 足。小昆山小乐胃也见出明显的小家子气。
  
−
—19世纪60至90年代,中国兴起洋务运动之时,正是世界第二次科技革命 爆发之际。当时,中国的科技在沉沦了 !00多年之后,爆发出新的活力。但终因内 外交困,国力贫弱,腾飞的翅膀最终还是无カ起飞。
 
  
−
—19世纪末,西方爆发了以相对论和力学为标志的科学革命,继而在20世 纪四五十年代又兴起了第三次技术革命浪潮。本来,中国的民族资本主义这时已 有一定的发展,可惜因战火纷飞的社会环境和贫困落后的经济,最终失去大好 时机。
+
"Next to the great city of Shanghai lies a small Kunshan. Although Kunshan is small, it sells billions of pounds of goods each year. 'Many fields and few laborers, low yield but not insignificant contribution, and the distribution is quite fair' is a common rhyme passed down throughout the county. Self-sufficient, but also self-satisfied. Even the small happiness of Kunshan shows a distinct parochialism."
  
−
—1949年之后,本来1956年至1966年是中国科技发展的“黄金时代”。那 时,单就航天技术而言,中国与西方的差距并不遥远;而日本在某些方面还落在中 国的后面。但“文化大革命”一场浩劫,竟长达1〇年!等中国从噩梦中醒来,世界 科技的车轮早已滚滚向前。甚至与中国几乎处于同一起点的日本,也ー跃而起,比 中国早一个月发射了第一颗人造卫星!
 
  
−
那么今天,当世界科技革命的大潮再次将中国推到时代的十字路口时,中国能 否背水ー战,抓住这一大好时机呢?
+
忽然有一天,小昆山发现周围的世界大热闹也大变样了。江阴、无锡的乡镇企 业突飞猛进。张家港、常熟也急起直追。唯独昆山自得其乐,稳坐钓鱼台……
  
−
1988 :希望与危机同行
 
  
−
历史是个魔术大师,总让人难以捉摸。
+
One day, Kunshan suddenly discovered that the world around it had become very lively and changed a lot. The townships and enterprises in Jiangyin and Wuxi had made rapid progress. Zhangjiagang and Changshu were also catching up quickly. Only Kunshan was content to enjoy its own pleasures and remained complacent, sitting idly by.
  
−
当岁月的日历翻到1988年时,世界航天的局势又发生了奇妙的变化。这ー 年,世界航天事业东山再起,重振雄风,全世界一下就发射了 !25颗不同的卫星。 其中,苏联100颗,美国1I颗,欧洲空间局7颗,中国4颗,日本2颗,以色列1颗。
 
  
−
此外,美国航天飞机恢复了发射功能;苏联“暴风雪号”航天飞机首次发射成 功;法国“阿里亚娜”火箭重整旗鼓并连续进行了 7次发射,将14颗不同国家的通 信卫星送入了太空。而且,1988年6月15日,“阿里亚娜ー4 ”型火箭首次发射成 功,为法国争夺国际卫星发射市场又提供了一种新的运载工具。
+
1984年,姗姗来迟的春风例行公事一般给昆山抹了些许绿意,与往昔不同的 倒是给年过半百的吴克铃捎来ー顶“县长”的乌纱帽。
  
−
让人吃惊的是,在欧洲空间局频繁的活动下,截至1990年,“阿里亚娜”火箭已 夺取50%的国际卫星发射市场,各国的发射订座已排到了 !991年,获利150亿法 郎。而且,为提高在国际市场的竞争能力,法国还压低了“阿里亚娜”火箭的发射 价格。
 
  
−
这种咄咄逼人的世界航天局势,对中国不仅是挑战,更是威胁!
+
In 1984, the belated spring breeze brought a touch of green to Kunshan as usual, but what was different this time was that it also brought Wu Kequan, who was over fifty years old, a "county head" cap.
  
−
然而,“物竞天择,适者生存”。
 
  
−
外国公司纷纷退出,虽然对中国是当头ー击,但中国航天人却认真反省,吸取 教训,不断改进。比如,外国专家看了中国发射场,提了许多建设性的意见;外商谈 判中对发射提出这样那样的要求；中国通过到国外参观学习,也长了不少见识。这 样ー来,中国航天人渐渐明白:中国的火箭要想打入国际商业发射市场,在技术、生 活设施等各方面必须具备哪些符合国际标准的条件。于是中国一边继续加紧同国 外有关厂商的业务联系,ー边狠抓发射场的技术和生活设施的建设。
+
这是ー个不寻常的年代。改革开放唤醒了沉睡5000余年的土地,蕴藏在10 亿人血液里的一切善和恶,一切积极因素和消极因素都释放出来了。国土热火朝 天,国人眼花缭乱,国家日新月异……
  
−
而与此同时,有关部门也采取了许多积极的措施,譬如,中国人民保险公司愿 冒着风险,以国际市场优惠价格为外商提供经济保险;中国海关决定对入境的外国 卫星实行免检政策;中国人民银行对发射外国卫星所需的贷款,表示尽力给予保 证;负责发射设施改造和工程兴建的设计部门以及施工单位,也愿意通力合作,拼 命苦干,确保按期完成任务;等等。
 
  
−
1988年3月7日,“长征三号”火箭又将一颗通信卫星成功送入太空。世界的 目光,再次转向中国。
+
This was an unusual era. The reform and opening up awakened the land that had been sleeping for more than 5,000 years, releasing all the good and evil, positive and negative factors hidden in the blood of 1 billion people. The country was thriving, people were dazzled, and the nation was changing rapidly...
  
−
据说,一年前,当外商纷纷退出中国时,西方一位记者曾打了一个比喻,说中国 的“长征三号”火箭就像ー只又大又肥的螃蟹,刚刚摆上国际餐桌时,各国卫星公 司的老板们纷纷伸长了鼻子,抢着去闻香味,尽管个个垂涎三尺,却又谁都不敢先 尝第一口。
 
  
−
没想到,一年后,终于走来ー个敢尝第一 ロ “螃蟹”的人。
 
  
−
这个敢尝第一 ロ “螃蟹”的人,便是而今誉满全球的亚洲卫星公司。
+
无论如何,历史前进了,昆山也前进了,只是一个严峻的现实是:昆山比人家慢 了一步。
  
−
亚洲卫星公司是在香港注册的一家卫星公司,它由英国大东电报局、中国国际 信托投资公司、香港和记黄埔公司三家共同投资,并各持相等股份。由于三家公司 均有雄厚的资金和技术专长,所以不惜巨款,冒着极大的风险,购买了美国休斯公 司的“亚洲一号”卫星,第一个让中国的“长征三号”火箭将其送入太空。
 
  
−
1988年9月9日,通过中国多方面的努力,美国国务院正式批准用中国火箭发 射3颗美国通信卫星的计划。
+
In any case, history moved forward, and so did Kunshan, but the harsh reality was that Kunshan was one step behind others.
  
−
这是有史以来美国政府第一次批准由一个社会主义国家发射美国卫星的 计划。
 
  
−
为此,中国外交部发言人在当天发表声明说:“美国的卫星运到中国发射,安全 是有保证的。”并在答记者问时,再次表示:“中国对美国政府支持中国为外国提供 卫星发射服务表示赞赏。”
+
ー步落后,步步脱节。无锡、江阴靠的是下放工人的机遇,张家港、常熟靠的是 插队青年的机遇,而且他们都曾享受过税收上的优惠一这一切,昆山都没有!
  
−
但是,这仅仅是事情的开始。
 
  
−
十ー、外交场上的风云
+
Falling behind by one step led to being out of sync with others. Wuxi and Jiangyin relied on the opportunities brought by workers who were sent down to the countryside, while Zhangjiagang and Changshu relied on the opportunities of the educated youth sent to the countryside, and they all enjoyed tax incentives – none of these were available in Kunshan!
  
−
1988年11月24日,中国谈判代表团前往美国进行第二轮关于商业卫星发射
 
  
−
服务问题的会谈,代表团团长孙家栋
+
然而,吴克铃却要上。昆山是顾炎武的家乡,“天下兴亡,匹夫有责”,这有气 节也有气势的名句,昆山无人不知,昆山人更不会自甘落后……
  
−
这天,航空航天部部长林宗棠、副部长刘纪原亲临机场送行。临上飞机时,刘 纪原握住孙家栋的手,一再嘱咐说:“这次谈判,无论遇到多大的困难与阻カ,只能 成功,不可失败!”
 
  
−
飞机起飞时,清晨的阳光洒满北京首都机场。机场上,送行的人群使劲地挥动 着祝愿的手臂;其中两位女士,眼里还含着泪水。
+
However, Wu Kequan was determined to push forward. Kunshan was the hometown of Gu Yanwu, and the famous saying, "Everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world," was well known to everyone in Kunshan, and the people of Kunshan would not accept falling behind...
  
−
发射外国卫星,看起来好像只是一次国际性的商业活动,但实际上除了两个公 司之间要签订有关合同外,两国政府之间还必须签署正式的协议文件。
 
  
−
这就需要谈判。
+
可是昆山缺资金、缺技术、缺设备、缺人才、缺管理经验。
  
−
此次谈判,若是成功,“亚洲一号”卫星的出境许可证便可颁发;倘若失败,则 一切就此结束!
+
“缺”是事实,“上”只是ー个美丽的梦。
  
−
因此,中国代表团此次出征,不管是飞机上的谈判代表,还是飞机下的送行人 员,无不感到深深的忧虑与担心。
+
吴克铃从梦境中醒来面对现实,去找老书记,去找本地的工业行家,还去找满 天飞的采购员
  
−
10月初,中国航空航天部起草了一封信函,通过中国驻美大使韩叙先生转交 给美国国会。在这封信中,主要阐明了中国卫星发射进入国际商业市场的理由。
 
  
−
美国国会收到中方信函后,由美国空间委员会主席罗伯特・罗埃先生召集国 会有关人员讨论了中方的意见,然后将国会意见提交里根政府。里根在原则上表 示同意,但要求中美双方必须就如下三个问题进行会谈:
+
But Kunshan lacked funds, technology, equipment, talent, and management experience.
  
−
第一,卫星是高技术出口,中方如何保证其技术安全;
+
"Lacking" was the reality, while "rising" was just a beautiful dream.
  
−
第二,中国不属于联合国空间责任条约国,万一火箭发射失败,危及第三 方国家,如何承担责任;
+
Wu Kequan woke up from his dream to face reality, seeking advice from the old secretary, local industry experts, and numerous purchasing agents...
  
−
第三,有关卫星发射中的商务问题,必须落实到具体的条款中。
 
  
−
于是,10月中旬,中美两国政府代表团在北京钓鱼台,就卫星技术的安全问题 和卫星发射的责任问题,举行了第一轮会谈。
+
渐渐地,他脑子里浮出ー个思路:昆山缺的,东面的邻居上海都有。能不能借 ー下“东风”,能不能和上海攀个亲?当然不是白借,也不是两手空空地巴结。昆 山也有自己的优势:地理位置好,交通方便;土地多、水面多,农副产品开发潜カ大; 劳动カ多,而且廉价。这三个“优”正好是上海的三个“缺”。不是讲“优化组合” 吗?昆山和上海“组合”一下可不可以?
  
−
会谈中,双方各持ー个谈判稿。几轮谈判下来,中美两国政府终于达成一致意 见,签订了关于《卫星技术安全》和《卫星发射责任》两个协议备忘录。
 
  
−
而与此同时,全国人大常务委员会也通过了中国加入“外层空间”三个条约的 决议,为“亚洲一号”卫星的发射奠定了相互信任的基础,并具备了可靠的法律 保证。
+
Gradually, an idea emerged in his mind: what Kunshan lacked, its eastern neighbor Shanghai had. Could they borrow the "east wind" and establish a connection with Shanghai? Of course, it wouldn't be a free ride, nor would it be simply trying to curry favor with empty hands. Kunshan had its own advantages: good geographical location, convenient transportation, abundant land and water resources, great potential for agricultural and sideline product development, and a large, cheap labor force. These three "advantages" were exactly the three "shortcomings" of Shanghai. Isn't it about "optimizing the combination"? Could Kunshan and Shanghai "combine" in some way?
  
−
可惜,此次谈判最终未达成一致协议,故两国政府的谈判桌,又从北京搬到了
 
  
−
美国
+
这里有个很容易被忽略的常识。生活本身就是加减乘除,就看你怎么做或者 怎么“组合”。1+1,可能是2,可能是。,也可能是3或4或其他。“加”得好,可以 有“乘”的效益,反之,则可能是“减”或“除”的结果。
−
飞机穿破云层,在12000米的高空翱翔。
 
  
−
飞机下方,就是波涛滚滚的太平洋,但飞机上的中国代表团所有成员,谁也顾 不上去看一眼。
 
  
−
本来,10月在北京谈判结束时,双方约定,这次在美国的谈判,由美方先拿出 ー个谈判意见稿,作为谈判的基础。但不知何故,美方迟迟未将意见稿寄出。后几 经催促,直到11月22日下午,中方オ收到美方寄来的谈判稿。可中方打开谈判稿 ー看,意见相差甚远。本想推迟谈判,但机票已经定好,只好匆匆启程。
+
Here is a common sense that is easily overlooked: life itself is addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, depending on how you do it or how you "combine." 1 + 1 might be 2, 0, 3, 4, or something else. If the "addition" is done well, it can have the benefits of "multiplication"; otherwise, it might lead to the results of "subtraction" or "division."
  
−
为了在这次谈判中争取主动,一上飞机,中国代表团便分三个小组,对美方提 交的谈判稿进行修改。小组修改完之后,再交到孙家栋的手上〇
 
  
−
孙家栋是此次赴美代表团的团长。此刻,他靠在舷窗前,正逐字逐句地推敲着 美方拟定的谈判稿。
+
所以,吴克铃反复宣传1+1尹2的道理,作为借“东风”、横向联合的“理论依 据”。早在!983年,他做副县长时,就给县经济发展总公司出点子,在水泥厂搞补 偿贸易,从上海市协作办公室引进了 500万元资金,使水泥厂的生产能力从4万吨 提升到io万吨;同时,又竭カ促成了昆山印刷厂和上海少儿出版社联营建成了全 国第一家儿童印刷厂。当时,他还开玩笑地对分管工业的副县长说:“我把你的权 夺过来了。”
  
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孙家栋是东北辽宁人。1950年,尚未从哈军エ毕业。他便参了军,成为空军 志愿军一名年轻而出色的翻译官。1952年,他赴苏联茹柯夫斯基空军工程学院深 造。在6年的学习中,他因各科成绩优异,荣获苏联茹柯夫斯基空军工程学院金质 奖章。
 
  
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1958年,孙家栋回国,因他俄语出色,常作为高级翻译陪同中国代表团前往苏 联进行有关谈判。1982年,他作为中国代表团副团长,出席了联合国空间代表大 会;1984年,他作为中国代表团副团长,先后同英国、法国、联邦德国和意大利进行 有关空间合作的谈判;1986年,他同巴西进行关于中巴资源卫星合作的谈判。因 此在国际谈判席上,堪称一位经验丰富的高手。
+
Therefore, Wu Kequan repeatedly promoted the idea that 1 + 1 ≠ 2, as the "theoretical basis" for borrowing the "east wind" and forming horizontal cooperation. As early as 1983, when he was the deputy county head, he provided ideas for the county's economic development company, engaged in countertrade at the cement factory, and introduced 5 million yuan in funds from the Shanghai Cooperation Office, raising the production capacity of the cement factory from 40,000 tons to 100,000 tons. At the same time, he also facilitated the establishment of the country's first children's printing factory through a joint venture between Kunshan Printing Factory and Juvenile and Children Publishing House, Shanghai. At that time, he jokingly told the deputy county head in charge of industry, "I've taken your power away."
  
−
孙家栋宽宽的额头,胖胖的脸,留着ー个小平头。他能言善辩,口才极好,特别 能讲故事。他肚子里似乎装有一个故事公司,ー讲便是ー个系列。无论多么重大 复杂的事情,他只要讲ー个小小的故事,便可让你ー清二楚。并且,每当讲话时,孙 家栋的脸上总是洋溢着一种充满智慧与慈善的微笑。这种微笑,能让你获得一种 信任,感到ー种轻松,留下很难抹去的印象。
 
  
−
但此刻,孙家栋的脸上毫无笑容,全是忧虑。等他合上谈判稿,抬起头来,将疲 惫的目光投向窗外时,旧金山已近在眼前。
+
毕竟是副县长,他还不能完全放开手脚。
  
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华盛顿。美国总统商务代表处。
+
现在可以了,他要按照自己的思路借“东风”来设计昆山的经济了。
  
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这是ー幢充满商业气息的简易小楼。中国代表团到华盛顿的第二天,双方便 在此摆开了谈判的阵容。
 
−
大记录
 
  
−
—中国改革开放四十年报告文学选
+
After all, being only a deputy county head, he couldn't fully unleash his potential.
 +
Now it’s possible, he can design Kunshan’s economy according to his own ideas by borrowing the “east wind”.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
二、不准“自由恋爱”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
2. No "free love" allowed
 +
 
 +
 
 +
万事开头难。诸葛亮借东风,靠的是“天意”。吴克铃借“东风”,却只能靠 人为。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Everything is difficult at the beginning. When Zhuge Liang borrowed the east wind, he relied on "heaven's will." When Wu Kequan borrowed the "east wind," he could only rely on human effort.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
纺织厂的联营ー开始便是有意识的选择。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The joint venture of the textile factory was a conscious choice from the beginning.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
纺织厂是1958年“大跃进”的产物,可惜的是,20多年以后,它仍然破败不已。 有人说它最要好的朋友是税务官,因为它是靠免税オ勉强维持生计的。纺工部ー 个部长看过后说:“没有想到,国内还有这样落后的エ厂。希望抓紧技术改造,但最 好能保留一块,作为纺织エ业的ー个文物……”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The textile factory was a product of the "Great Leap Forward" in 1958, but unfortunately, 20 years later, it was still in a state of disrepair. Some people said its best friend was the tax officer because it barely survived by avoiding taxes. A minister of the Textile Ministry visited the factory and said, "I didn't expect that there are still such backward factories in the country. I hope to speed up technological transformation, but it's best to preserve a part of it as a relic of the textile industry..."
 +
 
 +
 
 +
为了使这个“文物”进入现代文明,吴克铃想到了钱一平。这时他在上海担任 经济协作办公室副主任。吴克铃毫无保留地介绍了纺织厂的情况,提出了合作的
 +
意向。钱一平对吴克铃的想法十分欣赏,两个人越谈越投机,后来吴问:“龚兆源, 龚老,你熟悉不?”钱一平点点头说:“对了,他是你们昆山的地下党党员,他更应该 为建设家乡出力!”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
In order to bring this "relic" into modern civilization, Wu Kequan thought of Qian Yiping, who was then serving as the Deputy Director of the Economic Cooperation Office in Shanghai. Wu Kequan introduced the situation of the textile factory without reservation and proposed the intention of cooperation. Qian Yiping appreciated Wu Kequan's ideas, and the two of them got along well during their conversation. Later, Wu asked, “Do you know Mr. Gong Zhaoyuan?”  Qian Yiping nodded and said, "Yes, he is an underground Communist Party member from Kunshan where you stay. He should contribute more to the construction of his hometown."
 +
 
 +
 
 +
乌鲁木齐路,上海市经委顾问龚兆源家中来了两位不速之客。他是个热心人, 离休后在家也没ー天真的清闲过,常有家乡的人来找他办这办那。他看到自己和 妻子杜淑珍还有许多共产党人冒着生命危险为之奋斗的故乡至今没有什么大的变 化,心里总不是滋味;但他又十分清楚,解决点紧缺物资什么的,只能救急而不能救 穷,现在家乡的人来找他,一杯茶喝出了味道!这一回,家乡可以“上路” 了 !
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Two unexpected guests arrived at the home of Gong Zhaoyuan, a consultant of the Shanghai Municipal Economic Commission on Urumqi Road. He was a warm-hearted person, and even after retirement, he never really had a day of leisure. Many people from his hometown came to him for help. He saw that his hometown, where he, his wife Du Shuzhen, and many other Communists had risked their lives for, had not changed much, and it always left a bad taste in his mouth. But he was well aware that solving problems such as scarce materials could only be a temporary solution, not a way to alleviate poverty. Now, when those two people from his hometown came to him, he could sense the change. This time, his hometown could finally "get on the road."
 +
 
 +
 
 +
与此同时,县エ业局的局长也和上海二纺机的厂长严永生联系上了。
 +
 
  
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美国总统商务代表处,是总统府下设的ー个商务机构。世界各国同美国的各 种贸易活动,都必须与美国总统商务代表处洽谈后,再由商务代表处向总统直接 报告。
+
At the same time, the director of the County Industrial Bureau also got in touch with Yan Yongsheng, the factory director of Shanghai Second Hand Textile Machine Co., Ltd.
  
−
中国代表团11月25日抵达旧金山后,一下飞机,便用了一个下午和一个晚上 的时间,对美方的谈判稿再次进行了复议、修改,并将修改后的中文稿译成了英文。 第二天下午,又从旧金山赶到华盛顿。一到华盛顿,马上找到中国驻美大使馆大使 韩叙先生,就此次谈判一事,专门向他做了汇报。
 
  
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韩叙是中国第一任驻美大使,在美国政界享有很高的威望。早在五六十年代, 他作为周恩来总理政府代表团的随行人员,参加过1954年和1961年的日内瓦会 议、1955年的万隆会议,出访过欧亚11国;曾参与接待了大量来访的各国元首或政 府首脑,比如197I年基辛格访华,1972年尼克松访华,参与1982年中美“八一七公 报”的后期谈判以及1984年两国首脑的互访等。1982年出任中华人民共和国外 交部副部长,1985年出任中国驻美国大使。
+
严是个有知识有眼光的企业家,但同时他也清楚现实环境。从一般人的想法 来说,上海和昆山风马牛不相及,双方怎么可能共同去搞ー个企业的?所以他既感 到昆山人能提出这个意向是个大胆的创造,但又怕条条框框紧箍着,即便开了花也 不能结果。所以开头的接触是艰难的。
  
−
韩叙大使听了代表团汇报的情况后,和代表团商量,决定第二天就开始与美方 谈判。
 
  
−
当晚,代表团在大使馆就第二天谈判的有关对策,再次进行了讨论。
+
Yan was a knowledgeable and visionary entrepreneur, but he was also well aware of the current environment. From a common perspective, Shanghai and Kunshan were worlds apart, so how could they possibly work together to build an enterprise? Therefore, he felt that it was a bold creation for the people of Kunshan to propose this intention, but he was also afraid that rigid rules would bind them, and even if they succeeded, they might not bear fruit. Therefore, the initial contact was difficult.
  
−
代表团成员中,有一位叫王秀亭的女士,因一路匆忙,昼夜加班,头发乱得不成 样子也顾不上。大使馆的理发员小王发现后,主动找上门来,要为王秀亭烫发。小 王说:“明天就要谈判了,应该打扮得漂漂亮亮的。让美国人好好看看,咱们中国女 谈判家的形象!”于是,小王连夜为王秀亭烫了一个漂亮的“东方式”。
 
  
−
第二天一早,中美双方拉开了谈判的序幕。
+
吴克铃心中清楚:这个世界高喊改革,但改革究竟是怎么回事心中都没底。于 是无数改革者只好摸着石头过河。谁也不能保证自己不喝一口水就轻松地到达彼 岸,第一个吃螃蟹的人总是要付出代价的。他说,不管怎么样,还要谈……
  
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美方代表团可谓实力雄厚。团长是尤金・麦卡里斯特,首席谈判代表是威克 逊。威克逊是一位经验丰富、有着多年外交工作经历的谈判老手。美国同国外的 所有商务联系,几乎都是由他出面进行主谈,因而在西欧诸国享有盛名〇
 
  
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美国人似乎天生富有幽默感。这天,中美双方代表在谈判席上刚一握手相见, 威克逊便指着楼下的房间,对中方代表说:
+
Wu Kequan knew that the world was calling for reform, but no one really knew what reform entailed. So countless reformers had to grope their way across the river by feeling the stones. "No one could guarantee reaching the other side without paying a small price." Daredevil always had to pay a price. He said that no matter what, they still had to negotiate...
  
−
“尊敬的中国朋友们,你们远道而来,请允许我向你们表示诚挚的欢迎!不过, 在谈判前,我想提醒一句:你们知道我这楼下过去是干什么的吗?”
 
  
−
中方代表看了看,不知所以然。
+
再说龚兆源,他和钱一平一起,亲自出马,跑到金山石油化工总厂,请他们提供 切片。石化厂和昆山初次签约时,同意给300吨材料。后来吴克铃把钱一平请到 金山来看。钱一平对这一行熟悉,他说:“老吴,300吨肯定不赚钱!”吴克铃心想, 就是要你说这句话,就问:“那你看怎么办?”钱一平快人快语:“这事你别说,我去 找他们!”
  
−
“告诉你们吧,”威克逊说,“在美国南北战争时期,这儿曾是专门关押俘虏的
 
  
−
地方!”
+
Speaking of Gong Zhaoyuan, he and Qian Yiping went together to the Shanghai Jinshan petrochemical complex to ask for supplies. When the petrochemical plant first signed a contract with Kunshan, they agreed to provide 300 tons of components. Later, Wu Kequan invited Qian Yiping to Jinshan for a visit. Qian Yiping was familiar with this line of business, and he said, "Mr. Wu, you definitely won't make money with just 300 tons!" Wu Kexing thought, that's exactly what I wanted you to say, and asked, "What do you think should be done then?" Qian Yiping quickly responded, "Leave this to me, I'll go talk to them."
  
−
“关押俘虏的地方?”中方代表更是不解。
 
  
−
“是的。”威克逊说;你们这次谈判要是输了,我就把你们留在楼下啦!”说罢, 威克逊笑了。
+
果然,钱一平去找厂长,批评说:“这样搞,怎么能赢利?”对方知道瞒不了他, 就说:“300吨只能’开伙’罢了。”钱一平说:“再给300吨备用设备好不好?”对方 笑了:“钱主任的话,我敢不听?”吴克铃又抓住这个机会提出,再搞300吨零部件 ……就这样,一下子搞了近1000吨！
  
−
中方代表这オ恍然大悟。
 
  
−
“尊敬的威克逊先生,”孙家栋笑眯眯地接过话茬道,“这次我们谈判要是赢 了呢?”
+
Indeed, Qian Yiping went to the factory director and criticized, "How can you make a profit like this?" The factory director knew they couldn't hide it from him and said, "300 tons can only cover the basic needs." Qian Yiping suggested, "How about adding another 300 tons of components for replacement ?" The factory director laughed, "How can I not listen to Director Qian's advice?" Wu Kequan seized this opportunity and proposed an additional 300 tons of components... And just like that, they managed to secure nearly 1000 tons.
  
−
“那……那就把我关在楼下!”威克逊说罢,哈哈大笑起来。
 
  
−
“我看呀,”上官世盘插话道,“最好的结局,是谁都不要被关在楼下。”
+
耐人寻味的是,在这个过程中,龚兆源几度“重操旧业”,做起了秘密的“地下 工作”,所不同的是,过去是为了政治上的解放,现在是为了经济上的开放;过去的 斗争对象是腐朽的国民党反动派,现在的“对象”则是我们自己政策中某些保守僵 化的条文。
  
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“对对对,睡席梦思毕竟比躺地板强!”威克逊说完,双方代表都笑了。
 
  
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威克逊的开场白,看似ー个玩笑,但中方代表分明预感到,这是对方有意发出 的ー个挑战信号,此次谈判,绝不会轻松。
+
What's interesting is that, during this process, Gong Zhaoyuan had several times "picked up his old trade" and engaged in secret "underground work." The difference was that in the past, it was for political liberation, while now, it was for economic opening-up. The previous opponents were the corrupt Kuomintang reactionaries, whereas the current "targets" were certain conservative and rigid provisions within their own policies.
  
−
果然,第一个回合下来,美方便占了上风。
 
  
−
美方在谈判中说:中国的火箭不应进入国际市场,因为有国家力量的支持;而 美国的火箭公司是商业性的私人公司。这违背了平等竞争的商业原则,不符合一 般商业规律。
+
终于,由吴克铃和龚兆源在龚老家中秘密磋商、逐字推敲修改的协议,被拿到 谈判桌上半公开地进行讨论了。
  
−
美方在谈判中还说:中国的火箭发射价格太低,是利用倾销价格进入国际市 场,这就扰乱了国际市场价格。此外,中国在挤进国际卫星发射市场的过程中,某 些做法不符合商业规则。
 
  
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此次谈判,由于ー开始是以美方的谈判文本为基础,加之中方代表团又是第一 次触及此类问题,所以ー涉及对外发射服务中的国际贸易问题,中国代表团就感到 很陌生,一下子处于被动局面。
+
Eventually, the agreement secretly negotiated and revised by Wu Kequan and Gong Zhaoyuan in Gong's hometown was brought to the negotiation table for semi-public discussion.
  
−
中方出师不利,有人面露尴尬,有人忐忑不安。
 
  
−
而恰在这时,中方的主谈人又不幸病倒。
+
1981年12月21日,上海二纺机厂、上海石油化工总厂涤纶ー厂和昆山工业二 局正式草签了一份叫作《关于协作建设纺丝机实验エ场的协议》。
  
−
下ー步怎么办?
 
  
−
谁来接替原来的主谈人?
+
On December 21, 1981, Shanghai Second Hand Textile Machine Co., Ltd., Shanghai Jinshan Petrochemical Complex Polyester Plant 1, and Kunshan Industrial Second Bureau formally drafted an agreement called "Cooperation in Building a Spinning Machine Experimental Workshop."
  
−
当晚,中国代表团第一次出现了集体失眠。
 
  
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身为团长的孙家栋自然更是睡不着了,本来就发白的头发一夜间仿佛又白了 许多。他深知这次谈判的重要,清楚一旦谈判失败,后果是什么。
+
不知读者有没有注意到,这里面的字眼是极为考究的。首先是“协作”,ー个 宽泛的、笼统的概念,谁都可以接受;接着,是“实验エ场”,是“实验”,不仅是原则 性的,而且冠冕堂皇;又曰“エ场”,不是エ厂,是小工场小作坊,一点也不引人注 目；最后,是“协议”,谦虚且得体,够谨慎的!
  
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中国的火箭要发射美国的卫星,无论是在国内还是国外,呼声都越来越高。前 天,他刚到美国,就接到不少美籍华人打来的电话,纷纷询问中国代表团这次谈判 情况,并向他表示鼓励与祝愿。有的在电话里当即表示说:“一定尽全力支持中国 谈判代表团!”有的在电话里满含深情地说:“中国的火箭只有成功地走向了世界, 我们这些海外的华人才能真正抬得起头,挺得起腰杆!”
 
  
−
孙家栋再也无法入睡了。他把代表团全体成员召集起来,再一次认真研究了 美方的谈判文本,然后具体拟定了第二天的谈判对策。鉴于原主谈人生病,他又果 断决定:由上官世盘出任主谈人。
+
I don't know if the readers have noticed, but the wording here is very particular. First is "cooperation," a broad and vague concept that everyone can accept; then, "experimental workshop," which is not only principled but also dignified; furthermore, it's called a "workshop," not a factory – it's a small workshop or a small artisan shop, not something that attracts attention; lastly, "agreement" is humble and appropriate, cautious enough!
  
−
第二天,上官世盘的发言,有礼有节,不仅情感真挚,而且在外交分寸的把握上 恰到好处,游刃有余。于是局面开始发生好转。
 
  
−
第二个回合,双方打了个平局。
+
然而,就是这样ー份至今仍被人细心保存着的协议,在当时还是关关受阻,寸 步难行
  
−
谈判仍在继续,且越谈越难。
 
  
−
20天时间,一晃而过。
+
However, such a carefully preserved agreement even now was met with obstacles and difficulties at that time.
  
−
谈判,从第一稿,谈到第十稿。
 
  
−
1988年12月17日,孙家栋终于代表中国代表团草签了中美两国政府间的最 后ー个协议文件一《关于商业发射服务的国际贸易问题协议备忘录》。
+
跑到苏州,苏州回答:上海是省级市,我批昆山县的企业可以,上海一方,我哪 有权批?
  
−
中国代表团离开美国那天,美方代表团的团长尤金・麦卡里斯特前往机场送 行。麦卡里斯特握着孙家栋的手,说:“孙先生,这次谈判我什么都想到了,但就是 有一点没想到。”
 
  
−
孙家栋问:“哪一点没想到?”
+
When they went to Suzhou, Suzhou replied: Shanghai is a provincial-level city, I can approve the enterprise in Kunshan County, but how can I approve the one in Shanghai?
  
−
麦卡里斯特说:“你们竟然在飞机上就将谈判文本改了一稿!”
 
  
−
孙家栋忍不住笑了,说:“麦卡里斯特先生,我们这也是被你们逼上梁山的啊!” 麦卡里斯特说:“中国代表团不仅效率高,谈判水平也高。我祝贺你们!”
+
到南京,南京答复:江苏还没有跨省市协作办エ厂（工场就是エ厂,这个“阴 谋”被戳穿了）的先例,你和上海一起搞,那你就到上海去批吧!
  
−
孙家栋说:“祝愿我们下ー步的合作顺利进行!”
 
  
−
麦卡里斯特说:“好,希望如此。”
+
In Nanjing, they replied: "Jiangsu has no precedent for interprovincial and municipal cooperation in establishing factories (workshops are factories, this "conspiracy" was exposed), so you should go to Shanghai for approval."
  
−
北京。首都机场。
 
  
−
这一天,以刘纪原为首的欢迎中国谈判代表团凯旋的队伍,早在机场等候 多时。
+
到上海,上海答复:好哇,上海人不为上海办事,你跑到江苏去办什么“工场”？ 还有,我上海怎么好批你江苏的企业呢?即便批了,我也拿不到（部里的）计划。
  
−
中国谈判代表团乘坐的飞机刚一着陆,人群中就传来一片欢呼声。
 
  
−
孙家栋率先走出机舱。他ー边向迎接的人群挥手致意,ー边匆匆走下舷梯,然 后抢先握住刘纪原的手,第一句话就说:“老刘,谈判成功了 ！”
+
In Shanghai, they replied: "Well, as a person from Shanghai, why are you working for Jiangsu instead of your own city when setting up a 'workshop'? Also, how can I approve your Jiangsu enterprise? Even if I approved it, I wouldn't get the (department's) plan."
  
−
望着孙家栋明显消瘦的脸庞,刘纪原副部长笑了 :“当然成功了,你不想想,你 们身后站着一个强大的中华人民共和国!”
 
  
−
十二、布什:不愿得罪十亿中国人
+
这就像是自由恋爱,各自看中了,却没有地方领“结婚证” 〇
  
−
1989年1月23日,北京人民大会堂江苏厅。
+
当时有句话说:“不准东张西望。”
  
−
下午4时,中国长城エ业公司副总经理乌可カ代表中方,亚洲卫星公司执行总 裁薛栋代表用户,签署了关于用中国“长征三号”运载火箭发射“亚洲一号”卫星的 正式合同。
 
  
−
全国人大常委会副委员长荣毅仁,国务委员邹家华和国防科工委、航空航天部 负责人出席了隆重的签字仪式。
+
It was like a love affair where both parties were interested, but there was nowhere to obtain a "marriage certificate."
  
−
当晚,在人民大会堂宴会厅举行庆祝宴会。300余名中外来宾和记者,济济一 堂,频频举杯。
+
Back then, there was a saying: "No looking around."
  
−
迷人的灯光,成功的笑脸,舒心的乐曲,飘香的茅台,整个人民大会堂宴会大 厅,洋溢着浓浓的喜庆气氛。
 
  
−
乌可力端着酒杯,穿梭于各个座席之间,与外宾们频频碰杯。乌可カ不仅在外 交场上是一位谈判能人,在酒席上也是一位常常压倒对手的强者。年轻时,他ー仰 脖子,能灌下两斤白干;现在,一斤白酒,依然不在话下。
+
吴克铃是个经济型人才,搞经济不可能离开市场,所以不可能不“东张西望” 〇 小小一个昆山,无论如何不可能孤立地存在和前进。
  
−
据说,有一次在联邦德国谈判时,联邦德国卫星专家听说乌可力是位蒙古族汉 子,特能喝酒,便拿出几瓶84度的酒,要与他豪饮一番。乌可力也不客气,端起酒 杯,与他连连对碰。结果,这位号称“海量”的联邦德国专家刚喝下三杯,便放下酒 杯,拱手承让道:“乌先生不仅谈判是这个（竖大拇指）,喝酒也是这个（竖大拇指）, 佩服,佩服!”
+
他说,上海不行,南京不行,我们跑跑北京好不好?于是他们多次北上,到纺织 工业部找处长、找司长、找部长
  
−
可今天,乌可カ刚喝下第八杯茅台,便有些醉眼蒙咙,ー种疲劳之感频频袭来。
+
现在说来有些不可想象:从签订协议到批准项目,经过了整整两年的时间!
  
−
他,实在太累了……
 
  
−
从提议发射外国卫星,到今天正式签订发射合同,整整5年。
+
Wu Kequan was an economic talent, and dealing with the economy was impossible without considering the market, so he couldn't help but "look around." A small Kunshan could never exist and advance in isolation.
  
−
5年来,为了把中国的火箭打入国际商业市场,乌可力的足迹几乎遍布全球。 从亚洲到美洲,从美洲到欧洲,他跑了 30多个国家和地区,光乘坐飞机的时间就有 4200多个小时,共计行程90多万公里！
+
He said that if Shanghai and Nanjing didn't work, they should try Beijing. So they went to Beijing multiple times to meet with the director, secretary, and minister of the Textile Industry Department...
  
−
1988年,为了卫星等谈判之事,有一次他从中国飞到洛杉矶,再从洛杉矶飞到
+
It's somewhat unimaginable now: it took a full two years from signing the agreement to approving the project!
  
−
巴西;从巴西飞到联邦德国,再从联邦德国飞到伊拉克;从伊拉克飞到巴西,再从巴 西飞回中国。连续ー个星期,几乎全是在上万米的高空中度过的。
 
  
−
当然,还有比累更令他难受的事情。
+
就在这个项目开始实施的时候,吴克铃担任了县长。也正是纺织厂,还有儿童 印刷厂、水泥厂的实践,使他逐步形成了一个概念,找到了一种依托,寻思出来一条 符合昆山实际的发展经济的路子。于是,他规划了一个梦一般的蓝图一
  
−
1986年,他带领中国代表团去加拿大考察,与某卫星公司洽谈有关发射的问 题。按国家规定,出国考察人员每人每天费用只有52美元,显然不可能去住四星 级、五星级的宾馆。因为这样的宾馆,ー晚上就是250美元。于是他和代表团成员 住进了加拿大最普通、最便宜的旅店一“大马店”。
 
  
−
有一天,乌可カ打电话跟那家卫星公司联系,希望能派车接他们去公司洽谈。 那家卫星公司问他们住在什么地方,乌可力把住址告诉对方后,那家公司并没有来 人,而是派了两辆出租车过来。
+
Just as the project began to be implemented, Wu Kequan took up the position of county head. It was precisely the experience of the textile factory, as well as the children's printing factory and the cement factory, that gradually helped him form a concept, find a foundation, and devise a path for economic development that suited Kunshan's actual situation. As a result, he planned a dream-like blueprint:
  
−
更令人气愤的是,他们到了公司后,别说公司董事长出面接待,就连ー个副经 理都没露面,只派了一个科员出来应付了几句,便起身送客。
 
  
−
在回来的路上,乌可カー言不发,心里生着闷气。出租车司机是位侨民,见乌 可カ愁眉苦脸,便问了一句:“先生,你们是干什么的?”
+
昆山要上14个500万元以上的重点项目,总投资1.5亿元。
  
−
乌可カー听司机会说中国话,一下多了几分亲近,说:“我们是中国卫星发射代 表团的,这次来加拿大,是谈发射卫星业务的。”
+
国务院批准了 !4个沿海经济开发区,昆山不是开发区,但要上14个重点 项目。
  
−
“什么?!你们是卫星发射代表团的?”出租车司机突然ー个急刹车,脸上露出 惊讶与疑惑。
+
这是真的吗?
  
−
“怎么啦?”乌可カ说。
+
真的。
  
−
出租车司机说:“坏了,这家公司把你们当成骗子了!”
 
  
−
乌可カ愣了 :“什么,骗子?不可能,我们的确是中国卫星发射代表团的,怎么 会是骗子呢?”
+
Kunshan aimed to launch 14 key projects with investments of over 5 million yuan each, totaling 1.5 billion yuan in investments.
  
−
出租车司机这オ说道:“你知道你们住的大马店,是咋回事吗?”
+
The State Council approved 14 coastal economic development zones, and although Kunshan was not one of these zones, it still aimed to launch 14 key projects.
  
−
乌可カ说:“不知道。我们只知道它便宜。”
+
Is this true?
  
−
出租车司机说:“加拿大的大马店,是过去赶大车的马夫住的地方。你们想想, 哪有堂堂中国卫星发射代表团住这种地方的?瞧你们这副寒酸样,他们能不把你 们当骗子吗?”
+
Yes, it is.
  
−
听罢出租车司机的分析,乌可カ恍然大悟。本想发泄一通,却又一句话也说不 出来。
 
  
−
当晚,乌可カ来到中国驻加拿大大使馆,找到大使说:“由你们大使馆出面发请 帖,明天我要请客!”
 
  
−
大使见乌可カ脸色不对,忙问:“怎么了?请什么客?”
+
三、“吃大亏者”言
  
−
乌可カ说:“我要把加拿大所有大的卫星公司的总裁全部请来,让他们见识一 下,中国卫星发射代表团到底是地道的正牌货,还是江湖骗子ド’
 
  
−
第二天,加拿大各大卫星公司的总裁准时来到大使馆。中国驻加大使和乌可 カ等,依次站在大使馆的门前,同前来赴宴的大老板们ーー握手。
+
2 The Paradox of "Suffering Losses"
  
−
席间,乌可カ端着酒杯,故意走到冷落他的那家公司的总裁面前。翻译忙向那 位总裁介绍说:“这是中国商业卫星发射服务代表团副团长乌可カ先生!”乌可カ 举起酒杯,理了理贺龙式小胡子,说:“总裁先生,我们今天第一次幸会,来,喝上几 杯!”乌可カ说罢,ー仰脖子,咕咚咕咚,ー连灌下三大杯。
 
  
−
后来有人说,单凭乌可カ那喝酒的气势,便把对方震得目瞪ロ呆!
+
我们的人民从来不拒绝改革,但对改革又往往存有一种矛盾的心理。中国是 ー个农业大国,农业人口多。聪明和愚昧、勤劳和懒散、伟大和渺小……这些都相 伴相生着。把握住这一点是ー门艺术。只看一面,非左即右,或太快或太慢。其实 中国的事情是不可不急,不可太急,不可不改革,也不能“ 一步到位”,一口吃出个 胖子来。
  
−
第二天,那家公司的总裁给乌可カ打来电话,要回请中国商业卫星发射服务代 表团,并在电话里简单表示说,愿意用中国的火箭发射他们的卫星。
 
  
−
是的,5年奋斗,5年辛酸,5年风风雨雨,5年坡坡坎坎。今天,中国终于签订 了第一个正式发射合同,乌可カ当然欣慰不已。
+
Our people have never rejected reform, but often hold a contradictory mentality towards it. China is a major agricultural country with a large agricultural population. Intelligence and ignorance, diligence and laziness, greatness and insignificance coexist. Grasping this is an art. If one only sees one side, they may lean left or right, move too fast or too slow. In reality, China's affairs require both urgency and patience, meaning that reforms are necessary, but cannot be achieved in one step.
  
−
于是,乌可カ又端起酒杯,走到亚洲卫星公司执行总裁薛栋先生面前,感叹地 说:“来,薛先生,为了今天的合同,为了下ー步合作成功,我俩再干一杯!”
 
  
−
“好!”薛栋先生举起酒杯,ー饮而尽。
+
昆山人也是矛盾的,既羡慕大上海的繁华,又嫉妒他们的“阔绰”一“高工 资”的上海“阿拉”到昆山喜欢到市场“抢购”,有时会不问价钱只说一句“我全 要了!”
  
−
接着,薛栋先生斟满一杯茅台,高高举起,乘兴向在场的各位嘉宾和新闻记者 们宣布道:
 
  
−
“各位女士们、先生们,中国是火箭的故乡,’长征号’系列火箭可靠性强,有很 高的信誉。我愿意在此宣布,我们从美国休斯公司购买的‘亚洲一号’卫星,将在 明年初由中国的’长征三号’运载火箭发射到预定轨道!”
+
Kunshan residents share this contradiction, admiring Shanghai's prosperity while being envious of their "extravagance." High-wage "Shanghainese" like to visit Kunshan markets and buy without asking the price, sometimes saying, "I'll take them all!"
  
−
薛栋先生话音刚落,全场立即响起一片掌声。
+
现在吴克铃却要依托上海的优势来发展昆山的经济ーー和“阿拉”结为好友, 把“阿拉”们ー批ー批地请到昆山来待为座上宾!
  
−
然而,正当“亚洲一号”卫星的发射工作逐步往前推进时,1989年那个火热的 夏天,中国震惊世界的政治风波发生了 ！
 
  
−
于是,本来美国政府已经同意发放的卫星出境许可证,立即遭到冻结。
+
Now, Wu Kequan plans to develop Kunshan's economy by relying on Shanghai's advantages, inviting batches of "Shanghainese" to be guests in Kunshan.
  
−
没有许可证,美国的卫星不能插翅飞到中国,无疑等于取消这次发射。
 
  
−
而就在这时,国外有的卫星发射服务商乘虚而入,想挖走“亚洲一号”卫星的 发射业务;法国的“阿里亚娜”火箭也再次降低发射价格;甚至有的客商还明确表 示,不惜一切代价,也要从中国手上夺走这颗卫星,另找发射的主人！
+
于是有些人就表现出ー种情绪,说上海人太精,和他们打交道要吃亏。
  
−
这对中国来说,无疑又是沉重一击！
 
  
−
几年来,为了拿到“亚洲一号”卫星的发射许可证,中国外交部、中国驻美大使 馆、中国航空航天部以及中国卫星发射测控系统等,通过各种渠道,采用各种方式, 向美国政府和国际巴黎统筹委员会做了大量难以描述的工作。
+
Some people feel that dealing with the clever Shanghainese will result in losses.
  
−
几年来,为了拿到“亚洲一号”卫星的发射许可证,航空航天部部长林宗棠远 涉重洋,找英国、美国、联邦德国、意大利等国的大使,让他们向各国政府反映中 国的情况,然后各国政府再向巴黎统筹委员会反映中国的情况,最后好不容易オ 形成国际舆论,促使美国政府和巴黎统筹委员会同意发放“亚洲一号”卫星的许 可证。
 
  
−
可万万没想到,万事俱备,只欠东风,眼看离成功只有一步之遥,又要擦肩 而过。
+
吴克铃说,吃亏不吃亏,就如怕上海人来了会抬高物价ー样,这笔账,看你怎 么算。
  
−
13,在西方人的眼里,是ー个不吉利的数字。
 
  
−
但1989年的12月13日,对中国人来说,却是ー个可喜的日子。
+
Wu Kequan believes that whether there's a loss depends on how it is calculated.
  
−
这一天,经中国驻美大使馆与美国有关当局联系后,孙家栋副部长为“亚洲ー 号”卫星的许可证ー事,专程赶往美国,同美国国会议员、美国空间委员会主席罗伯 特・罗埃以及美国国务院代理助理克里斯托弗•汉金进行会谈。
 
  
−
1989年10月5日,林宗棠部长曾在北京钓鱼台国宾馆三号楼,同美国大使和 美国科技参赞就卫星许可证ー事,进行过一次专门的会谈。美方当时表示,对中国 的心情表示理解,愿意及时将中国的意愿转告美国政府。
+
其实,首先感到“吃亏”的不是昆山而是上海。
  
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但是,由于离合同所签订的发射日期越来越近,而且“亚洲一号”卫星许可证 又是有期限的,所以为防止夜长梦多,节外生枝,孙家栋副部长决定再次亲赴美国, 促使“亚洲一号”卫星许可证尽快得以落实。
 
  
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孙家栋同美方的这次会谈,是在相对平静的气氛中进行的,而且双方都显得真 挚与坦率。
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In fact, it's Shanghai that initially feels the "loss."
  
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会议ー开始,罗伯特・罗埃先生便坦诚地说:“中国与美国打交道,不能只与行 政当局打交道,还要和议会打交道。美国期待中国采取行动的信号,这将是极其重 要的,愈早发生愈好。两国人民之间误解的消除,将有助于增进政府、议会间的 了解。”
 
  
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片刻,罗伯特・罗埃继续说道:“新的一年马上就要到了,人们在旧的一年快结 束时都愿意进行反思,愿意做出妥协。如果能采取某种行动,对于中美之间的友谊 的恢复实在是太重要了。我们期待着能到中国去访问。”
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说ー个很有一些传奇色彩的小故事。
  
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接下来,国务院代理助理汉金说:“我们非常清楚’亚洲一号’卫星许可证的期 限,目前高层正在做决断。我们知道时间不多了,但具体发放许可证的日期还不太 清楚。本月15日发放'亚洲一号’卫星许可证是ー个大概的时限。我们正在考虑, 最高层也在积极考虑,在此特提请中国政府予以注意。”
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一次,吴克铃到北京去,拜访国务院副秘书长顾明。顾明是昆山人,一来二去 就熟悉了。顾明很看重吴克铃清醒独特的经济思路和务实精神,那一回还亲自送 他到飞机场。就在机场候机室,顾明提到,上海金星电视机厂引进设备他出了不少 カ。言者无意,听者有心。吴克铃马上接过话说:“秘书长能不能写个便条,我去上 海找他们认识ー下,有可能的话,在我们昆山办个分厂。”顾明热心,当即就在北京 飞机场的候机室里写了封信让吴克铃带着去找金星电视机厂的一个柯厂长。
  
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孙家栋听了美方的发言,首先表示感谢,然后强调说:“'亚洲一号’卫星许可 证的发放,牵涉发射场各项具体准备工作的安排与实施。为了确保明年4月能够 发射,卫星必须在2月运往西昌发射场,现在时间已经相当紧迫了。”
 
  
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孙家栋说完,停顿了一下,继续说道:“至于中国发生的事,我国政府领导人已 清楚地向美国朋友做了介绍。为了取得美国人民和议会的了解与支持,也一再做 了阐明。最近美国已派特使对中国做了访问,会晤了包括邓小平在内的中国领导 人,这对某些问题的解决是有益的。我希望能按他们商量的意见,一步ー步地 去做。”
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A legendary story tells of Wu Kequan's visit to Beijing, where he met with Gu Ming, the deputy secretary-general of the State Council, who was also from Kunshan. Gu Ming appreciated Wu's clear economic thinking and pragmatism, even personally taking him to the airport. During their conversation, Gu mentioned helping Shanghai Jin Xing Television Factory import equipment. Wu seized the opportunity and asked Gu to write a note so he could meet with the factory's director in Shanghai and potentially open a branch factory in Kunshan. Gu Ming, being enthusiastic, immediately wrote a letter in the waiting room of Beijing airport, asking Wu Kequan to take it and meet with Factory Director Ke from the Jin Xing Television Factory.
  
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最后,罗伯特・罗埃先生表示,“亚洲一号”卫星许可证ー事,一定尽快予以 答复。
 
  
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会谈结束后,罗伯特・罗埃先生当即向美国国会做了报告。
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好事多磨。厂长态度很积极,却有人认为大厂和小县联营是降低身份,要吃大 亏。但他们又碍于顾明的面子,不好明确拒绝。吴克铃并不灰心,ー连跑了四五趟 上海,反反复复,后来オ勉强有了个协议。好在柯厂长看得远,他认为扩大生产势 在必行,而昆山最具建分厂的条件,他力排众议,不改初衷。
  
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据说,当美国政府最后商定是否给中国发放“亚洲一号”卫星许可证时,会场 上出现了两种不同的意见。值此关键时刻,布什总统起身走到窗前,沉思片刻,而 后望了望东方,转身轻轻说了一句:
 
  
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“我不愿得罪十亿中国人!”
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Good things don't come easy. Although Factory Director Ke had a positive attitude, some people thought that partnering a large factory with a small county would lower their status and result in significant losses. However, out of respect for Gu Ming, they didn't outright refuse. After several trips to Shanghai and overcoming doubts from both sides, they finally reached an agreement.
  
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于是,1989年12月16日,美国白宫发言人菲茨沃特正式宣布:
 
  
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布什总统今天批准了“亚洲一号”卫星（及其他两颗卫星）的出口许可证。
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Wu openly declared that investors should make money. It's a simple truth: without benefits, why would Shanghai come to Kunshan? All horizontal joint ventures and domestic and foreign investors seek profit. Fortunately, Factory Director Ke had a long-term vision. He believed that expanding production was imperative, and Kunshan had the best conditions for building a branch factory. He overcame the objections and stuck to his original intention.
  
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这项决定是基于美国的国家利益做出的,因为它将为美国公司赢得3亿美元 的生意!
 
  
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尾声走向新大陆
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最后一次,吴克铃在他的小会议室里为协议的草签一直商量到夜里11点 多钟。
  
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一个月后。
 
  
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美国洛杉矶长滩。休斯公司总部大楼。
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上海方面理顺了,昆山自己又感到“吃亏”了。
  
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这是ー个阳光温和的上午。孙家栋和乌可カ款步走进休斯公司副董事长鲍夫
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吴克铃却开宗明义,公开宣称:就是要让投资者赚钱!
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曼先生的办公室。鲍夫曼先生急忙迎出,张开热情的臂膀,同两位中国友人紧紧 拥抱。
 
  
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鲍夫曼:“孙家栋先生,祝贺你们啊!”
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ー个简单得不能再简单的道理,没有好处,上海跑到你昆山来干什么?
  
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孙家栋:“鲍先生,也祝贺你们啊!”
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推而广之,一切横向的联营,所有国内外的投资者,都是冲着有钱可赚、有利可 图来的。
  
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鲍夫曼:“你们发射上天的卫星,现在工作得很好「’
 
  
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孙家栋:“是吗?那太好了!鲍先生,您对中国的这次发射,不知有何评价?”
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During the last meeting, Wu Kequan negotiated the draft agreement in his small conference room until 11 p.m.
  
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“太棒了!”鲍夫曼伸了伸大拇指说,“我个人认为,中国这次有三点干得非常 漂亮。”
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With the Shanghai side settled, Kunshan felt as if they were at a disadvantage.
  
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“哦,请问有哪三点?”孙家栋问。
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Wu Kequan, however, openly declared that the goal was to make money for the investors!
  
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鲍夫曼说:“ー是气象预报准确;二是发射时间准,说9点半发射就9点半发 射;三是卫星入轨精度高。而且,发射成功后,向我方报轨道参数也非常及时!”
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A simple truth: if there were no benefits, why would Shanghai come to Kunshan?
  
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孙家栋问:“卫星入轨的偏差数测算出来了吗?”
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In essence, all horizontal partnerships and investors, domestic and international, are attracted by profit and favorable conditions.
  
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鲍夫曼说:“测算出来了。本来按我方原来的要求,不能超过100公里,但经我 们的测量结果表明,只偏差了 54公里。后来我们又做了进ー步计算,实际只偏差 了 9公里！这个数据,是我们休斯公司发射的80多颗卫星,入轨精度最高的 一次!”
 
  
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鲍夫曼ー说完,便激动地站了起来,来回地踱着步子。
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只想自己赚,只考虑自己的好处;对方只可“奉献”,只有“义务”,ー看人家有 赚头或赚多一点就眼红,就咬紧牙关憋足了劲死不肯签约,表面上看这是“精”,是
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“聪明”,是“原则性强”,实质上,这倒是最狭隘、最可怜、最没出息的小家子气,说 到底,也是真正的吃亏者。
  
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这时,休斯公司另一位主管卫星工作的高级助理也兴奋地说:“休斯公司自从 1962年开始发射第一颗卫星到今天,我一直是参与者。这么多年来,还从未发射 过这么高精度的卫星。方オ董事长说到的三个方面的情况,已在我们公司传为 佳话!”
 
  
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“是吗?”孙家栋站了起来。
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Only thinking about making money for themselves and considering their own interests, they expect the other party to only "contribute" and have "obligations." When they see others making a profit or a little more, they become envious and stubbornly refuse to sign contracts. On the surface, this behavior might seem "shrewd," intelligent, and strong in principles. In reality, however, it reflects the most narrow-minded, pitiful, and unambitious pettiness. Ultimately, they are the ones who truly suffer losses.
  
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“是的,是的！”鲍夫曼先生接着说道,“这些日子以来,我们一直在兴奋地谈论 着中国的这次发射。有人说,中国是个神秘的国家,也是ー个很神奇的国家。有些 看起来很容易办的事情,就是办不好;但有些很复杂的事情,比如像这次发射’亚洲 一号’卫星,条件这么差,时间如此仓促,却居然干得如此漂亮！而且速度之快、效 率之高,令人吃惊！甚至在计划上还撵着美国人走,逼着美国人提前。过去,我们 是竖ー个大拇指;现在,我们是竖两个大拇指!”
 
  
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鲍夫曼先生说完,双手伸出大拇指,比画着走到20层楼高的窗户前,哗地拉开 了天蓝色的纱幔。
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这个重点项目差一点就泡汤,成为ー个梦。
  
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窗外,人流如潮,云层似海。孙家栋仿佛看见,ー轮鲜活的太阳,正从东方的地 平线上缓缓升起。
 
  
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是的,历史记住了 !990年4月7日。
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This crucial project almost fell through and became a mere dream.
  
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在中国“长征三号”火箭腾飞的一刹那,全世界都感到了中国的分量,同时也 感到了人类智慧与力量的伟大。20世纪末,中国以自己的实カ,又一次显示了自 己的存在;中国以新的形象,再一次受到世界的瞩目!“亚洲一号”卫星的冲击波, 很快就传遍了地球这个小小的村落。
 
  
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美国休斯公司一位负责人说:“这次发射成功,是美、中在太空方面长期合作的 开端,并将成为继续改善美、中两国人民关系的基础。”
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建分厂,要给上海一次性技术转让费15万元,每生产1台黑白电视机再给商 标费15元。
  
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联邦德国的德新社驻京记者报道说:“这次卫星发射意味着中国以其经过考验 的运载火箭进入国际卫星商业市场,与美国人和欧洲人竞争的努力取得突破。中 国的卫星发射技术被外国专家认为是可靠的。中国的口袋里已经装着另外一些外 国卫星的发射合同。”
 
  
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泰国《中华日报》发表社论说:“事实证明,中国发射卫星技术优异,而收费比 西方国家便宜,将有更强的竞争力。”
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To establish a branch factory, 150,000 yuan was required as a one-time technology transfer fee to Shanghai, and an additional 15 yuan per black-and-white television produced as a trademark fee.
  
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英国《泰晤士报》报道说:“中国火箭将美国卫星送入太空轨道,这表明中国已 经成为国际航天工业中一个重要的商业竞争者。”
 
  
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美国《基督教科学箴言报》报道说:“对中国来说,’亚洲一号’卫星的成功发 射,不仅是ー项技术成就,还是ー项重大的外交成就。”
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有些人就喊“吃亏”,说这是“不平等条约”。
  
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日本东京消息说:“中国发射的’亚洲一号’卫星,作为ー颗超越亚洲各国和地 区间的’政治篱笆’,象征信息国际化的卫星而引人注目。”
 
  
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苏联《消息报》发表评论说:“中国第一次把美国卫星送入轨道,说明中国长城 公司终于开辟了这条通往国际商业服务市场的艰难道路,开辟了亚洲远程通信和 通信发展的新阶段。亚洲问题专家相信,’亚洲一号’今后将于亚洲国家生活的各 个方面一社会、实业和经济产生影响。”
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Some people cried out about the unfairness, claiming it was an unequal agreement.
  
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一位香港人士说:“这次发射终生难忘。这不单是一次技术性发射,它提高了 中国的威望,使人们看到了中国的高技术形象。国内有这么好的技术,我们要研究 投资的可行性问题。比如在香港搞卫星制造业,利用内地的技术人才,利用香港的 地位和资金搞合作。”
 
  
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然而,中国火箭发射国外的商业卫星,东方与西方携手架设空间桥梁,这毕竟 还是第一次。严格说来,在通向国际商业发射市场的道路上,中国オ迈出了一小 步。一切还刚刚开始,也仅仅是开始。
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吴克铃说,技术就是金钱,人家的技术凭什么要无偿送给你昆山?昆山自己生 产的电视机用自己的商标拿出去卖,人家买你昆山牌的还是买上海金星牌的?就 是多花50块100块也还是要买金星的……这就是竞争。金星的牌子打出来了,名 牌本身就是金钱!
  
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美国让中国发射卫星,除了信任中国的航天技术外,还有诸多因素,比如价格 便宜。如果我们就此关起门来,夜郎自大,只见长城,不见世界,甚至将此事作为ー 种民族的炫耀,满足民族虚荣心,那未免也太浅薄了 !
 
  
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此时离21世纪还有10年!
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Wu Kequan argued that technology is money. Why should someone else's technology be given to Kunshan for free? If Kunshan produced TVs with its own brand, would people buy the Kunshan brand or the Shanghai Jinxing brand? Even if it cost 50 or 100 yuan more, people would still choose Jinxing. This is competition. Once Jinxing's brand becomes well-known, the brand itself is worth money.
  
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已故现代航天之父布劳恩曾大胆预言:“21世纪,将是在外层空间进行科学活 动和商业活动的世纪,是载人星际飞行和开始在母星地球之外建立永久性人类立 足点的世纪。”
 
  
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是的,科技已经改变了我们的生活。原子弹早把人类的命运紧紧绑在了一起; 通信卫星的升天,已把偌大的地球变成了一个小小的村落;当第一枚威武的火箭撞 开通向宇宙的大门后,人类便发现,自己赖以生存的这个星球,原来竟是如此的孤 独、渺小和可怜!
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竞争是平等的。之所以感到不平等,是因为还不知道什么叫作竞争。
  
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而地球一这个人类的母星球,如今已是遍体伤痕,岌岌可危。人口、资源、环 境、粮食、能源等问题,如同五条粗壮的绳索,紧紧勒住了人类的喉咙。生存与发 展,将是未来的主题。战争,已不再是人们重视的热点。人们着眼关注的,是未来 历史进程中,人类如何在新的世界和新的生存空间中和谐共处,生存发展。
 
  
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于是,开拓天疆,造福人类,成为世界响亮的口号,成为历史赋予人类神圣而伟 大的使命。尽管我们只有一个地球,但生活在这个地球上的50亿同类,有一个共 同的未来！因为宇宙空间将是人类另ー个美丽的家园,随着航天技术的不断发展, 人类走进宇宙母亲的怀抱,将越来越近,越来越近。
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Competition is equal. The reason some people feel it is unequal is that they don't understand what competition is.
  
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进军宇宙,开拓空间的战略,早已受到世界各国的关注,更受到美国政府的高 度重视。早在1984年初,里根总统在国情咨文中,便首次将开拓宇宙空间列入国 家的战略目标,并将建立一个永久载人空间站,计划于1992年送入太空。
 
  
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1985年,里根总统还宣称:开拓和利用太空,是美国的第二次革命,是ー场把 知识和空间的边疆向后移,从而使我们达到进步和新高度的革命,更是ー场把世界 和平和人类自由的美好希望带到地球之外的革命。
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从本质上说,只有竞争オ有平等。有多少竞争就有多少平等,没有竞争就没有 平等。
  
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当然,探索宇宙、开拓空间的伟大事业,绝不是ー个民族、ー个国家的事情,也 不是一天、一年或者ー个世纪的问题,而需要的是全人类世世代代的共同合作与 奋斗！
 
  
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今天,中国与美国,东方与西方,第一次成功地在25亿亚洲人头顶的上空,架 起了一座空间文明的桥梁。相信在世界的明天,全人类也将携手并肩,踏着阳光的
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Essentially, only competition can bring equality. The more competition there is, the more equality there will be; without competition, there is no equality.
  
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阶梯,向着宇宙隆隆挺进!宇宙间一切的一切,时空中所有的所有,都将在地球纪
 
  
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元2000年后,逐一向人类ーー展现。
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自然界如此,社会上也ー样。
  
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那时,太阳将不再是红色,月宫将不再会清寒。人类大踏步走进的,必将是ー 个远比地球更加美好的大同世界!
 
  
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（原载《当代》1991年第1期）
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This is true in nature and in society.
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东方风来满眼春
 
  
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邓小平同志在深圳纪实
 
  
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陈锡添
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商品（产品）的竞争是血淋淋的。这里没有温情,没有谦让,也不讲“主义”,它 只有一句话:优胜劣汰,不叫你死我活,至少也可以说是你上我下。
  
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南国春早。
 
  
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一月的鹏城,花木葱茏,春意荡漾。
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The competition among products is brutal. There is no warmth, no concession, and no ideology. The only rule is the survival of the fittest: not a matter of life and death, but at least a matter of rising and falling.
  
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跨进新年,深圳正以勃勃英姿,在改革开放的道路上阔步前进。就在这个时 候,我国改革开放的总设计师、各族人民敬爱的邓小平同志到深圳来了!
 
  
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在我国社会主义现代化建设的关键时期,小平同志的到来,是对深圳特区最大 的关怀和支持,是对深圳人民最大的鼓舞和鞭策。
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什么叫作吃亏?跳出谈判双方,看全局,看大局,生产发展了,经济上去了,全 社会都有好处,谈不上谁吃亏。
  
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一
 
  
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1月19日上午8时许,在深圳火车站月台上,几位省、市负责人,和其他迎候的 人们,在来回踱步,互相交谈,他们正以兴奋而激动的心情等待着……
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What does it mean to be at a disadvantage? If we look beyond the negotiation table and consider the big picture, if production develops and the economy grows, everyone in society benefits, so there is no real disadvantage.
  
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来了!远处传来马达的轰鸣声,接着一列长长的火车徐徐进站。时钟正指9 时整,列车停在月台旁边。
 
  
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ー节车厢门打开,车站服务人员敏捷地把ー块铺着红色地毯的长条木板放在 车厢门口。
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有时候,在某个特定的情况下,“不平等条约”体现的倒是真平等、大平等!
  
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不一会,邓小平同志出现了！人们的目光和闪光灯束都一齐投向这位领一代 风骚的伟人身上。
 
  
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他,身体十分健康,炯炯的眼神,慈祥的笑脸,身着深灰色的夹克、黑色西裤,神 采奕奕地步出车门。他的足迹,在时隔ハ年之后,又一次踏在处于改革开放前沿的 深圳这块热土上。
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Sometimes, in specific situations, an unequal agreement may actually reflect true equality and great fairness.
  
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下车后,邓小平同志满面笑容地同前来欢迎的广东省委书记谢非、深圳市委书 记李额、市长郑良玉ーー握手。
 
  
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握手时,谢非说:“我们非常想念您。”
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干大事业者不仅能吃小亏,还要敢于吃大亏!
  
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李额说:“我们全市人民欢迎您的光临。”
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就是说,要在“不平等”里看到平等,要在“吃亏”里面看到便宜。
  
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郑良玉说:“深圳人民盼望您来,已经盼了八年了。”
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不然,怎么可能做到起步晚而起点高?
  
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简洁的话语,充分表达了全省、全市人民对小平同志的想念和崇敬之情。
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吴克铃的胆识、眼力、干大事业的大将风度,ー开始就咄咄逼人,并且始终表现 出ー种不同凡响的既超前又实在的意识。
  
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邓小平同志同省、市负责人登上一辆中巴,一直驶到下榻的市迎宾馆桂园。在 这里恭候的市委副书记厉有为、市委常委李海东迎上前来,同小平同志握手并向他 问好。
 
  
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千里迢迢,舟车劳顿,市负责人劝他老人家好好休息。
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Those who undertake great undertakings not only can afford to take small losses but must also dare to take big ones.
  
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但是,小平同志却毫无倦意。他说:“到了深圳,我坐不住啊,想到处去看看。”
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That is to say, one must see equality in inequality and find advantages in disadvantages.
  
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众所周知,邓小平同志是创办经济特区的主要决策者。早在1979年4月,他 在听取当时中共广东省委主要负责人的汇报后说:“可以划出ー块地方叫作特区, 陕甘宁就是特区嘛。中央没有钱,要你们自己搞,杀出一条’血路’。”次年八月,全 国人大常委会正式通过并颁布《广东省经济特区条例》,中国经济特区就这样诞生 了。深圳特区是邓小平同志亲自开辟的最早的改革开放的试验地之一。它的发展 情况,小平同志当然十分关注。1984年1月,小平同志曾到深圳视察过。一晃,八 年过去了。深圳的面貌又发生了什么样的变化?老人家急不可待要亲自看一番。
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Otherwise, how can it be possible to start late but reach a high starting point?
  
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随行人员说邓小平同志身体好,昨晚在车上休息得不错,既然他兴致高,就安 排活动吧。
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From the beginning, Wu Kequan demonstrated his courage, insight, and the demeanor of a great leader capable of undertaking great tasks, always showing a remarkable, forward-thinking, and practical awareness.
  
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在桂园休息约十分钟,小平同志和谢非等同志在迎宾馆内散步。
 
  
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散步时,邓楠向小平同志提起他在1984年1月26日为深圳特区题词一事。 邓小平同志接着将题词一字一句念出来:“深圳的发展和经验证明,我们建立经济 特区的政策是正确的。”ー个字没有漏,ー个字没有错。在场的人都很佩服他那惊 人的记忆カ。
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四、孤独的父母官
  
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1984年,特区建设遇到不少困难和阻カ,有些人对办特区持怀疑观望态度。 是年1月24日,当时任中共中央政治局常委、中顾委主任的邓小平同志,同王震、 杨尚昆同志在中顾委委员刘田夫和广东省省长梁灵光的陪同下,到深圳视察,给深 圳特区题了词,肯定了深圳特区的建设成就,肯定了办特区的方针是正确的,给了 特区建设以决定性的支持,坚定了人们办特区的决心和信心,使特区的建设事业继 续向前推进。
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4 Lonely Parental Official
  
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散步后,小平同志在省、市负责人陪同下,乘车参观深圳市容。
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14个重点项目在全县城乡铺开了,那声音、那阵势、那气氛、那劲头,真有些像 南泥湾大生产,又有些像20世纪50年代的“合作化”。
  
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车子缓缓地在市区穿行。这里,八年前有些还是ー汪水田、鱼塘,羊肠的小路, 低矮的房舍。现在,宽阔的马路纵横交错,成片的高楼耸入云端,到处充满了现代 化的气息。小平同志看到这繁荣兴旺、生机勃勃的景象,十分高兴。正如他后来说 的:“八年过去了,这次来看,深圳、珠海特区和其他ー些地方,发展得这么快,我没
 
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有想到。看了以后,信心增加了。”
 
  
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小平同志边参观,边同省、市负责人亲切交谈。
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14 key projects have been launched in both urban and rural areas throughout the county. The atmosphere, momentum, and vigor are reminiscent of both the great production in Nan Ni Wan and the "collectivization” movement of the 1950s.
  
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当谈到办经济特区的问题时,小平同志说,对办特区,从一开始就有不同意见, 担心是不是搞资本主义,深圳的建设成就,明确回答了那些有这样那样担心的人。 特区姓“社”不姓“资” 〇从深圳的情况看,公有制是主体,外商投资只占四分之一, 就是外资部分,我们还可以从税收、劳务等方面得到益处嘛!多搞点“三资”企业, 不要怕。只要我们头脑清醒,就不怕。我们有优势,有国营大中型企业,有乡镇企 业,更重要的是政权在我们手里。有的人认为,多一分外资,就多一分资本主义, “三资”企业多了,就是资本主义的东西多了,就是发展了资本主义。这些人连基 本常识都没有。
 
  
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车子行至火车站前,邓林指着火车站大楼那苍劲有力的“深圳”两个大字对小 平同志说:“您看,这是您的题字,人们都说写得好。”
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这是一片波滚浪翻、喧腾咆哮的土地,几天之前,还是沟渠纵横、青黄相间的田 野,现在它已经成为金星电视机厂昆山分厂的基建工地。
  
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邓楠打趣说:“这是您的专利,也属知识产权问题。”说得小平同志笑了起来。
 
  
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当谈到经济发展问题时,小平同志说,亚洲“四小龙”发展很快,你们发展也很 快。广东要力争用二十年的时间赶上亚洲“四小龙”。停了一会,他补充说,不仅 经济要上去,社会秩序、社会风气也要搞好,两个文明建设都要超过他们,这オ是有 中国特色的社会主义。新加坡的社会秩序算是好的,他们管得严,我们应该借鉴他 们的经验,而且比他们管得更好。
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This is a land of rolling waves and roaring tumult. Just a few days ago, it was a field crisscrossed by ditches and interwoven with green and yellow. Now, it has become the construction site for the Kunshan branch of the Shanghai Jin Xing Television Factory.
  
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车子不知不觉到了皇岗口岸。皇岗边防检查站、海关、动植物检疫所的负责同 志,热情地欢迎小平同志的到来。
 
  
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小平同志站在深圳河大桥桥头,深情地眺望对岸的香港,然后察看皇岗口岸的 情况。
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吴克铃站在这片新旧交替的土地上,脸上露出ー种创造者的笑容。然而,总是 有人不高兴,总是有人不理解,当改革开放后第一次宏观控制的旋风刮下来的时 候,金星电视机厂昆山分厂的筹建工作很快陷入困境,于是矛盾的焦点又一次集中 到吴克铃身上。
  
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皇岗边检站站长熊长根向小平同志介绍说,皇岗ロ岸是!987年初筹建,1989 年12月29日开通的。占地ー平方千米,有一百八十条通道,最高流量可达五万辆 次和五万人次,是亚洲最大的陆路口岸。最近每天约通过七千辆次和两千人次。 小平同志听了很高兴,不断点头,露出满意的笑容。
 
  
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国贸中心大厦,高高耸立,直插云霄。这是深圳人民的骄傲。深圳的建设者曾
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Wu Kequan stands on this land where the old and the new intersect, with a smile on his face that reflects the pride of a creator. However, there are always people who are unhappy and who don't understand. When the first macroeconomic control measures were implemented after the reform and opening up, the preparatory work for the Shanghai Jin Xing Television Factory's Kunshan branch quickly fell into difficulty. As a result, the focus of the conflict once again centered on Wu Kequan.
  
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在这里创下了“三天一层楼”的纪录,成了“深圳速度”的象征。到深圳来的中外人 士,总要登上楼顶的旋转餐厅,远眺深圳市。
 
  
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1月20日上午9时35分,小平同志在省、市负责人陪同下,来到国贸大厦参 观,该大厦的女职エ,整齐地站在两旁,鼓掌欢迎小平同志,并齐喊“邓爷爷好!”， 小平同志高兴地向她们招手,并鼓掌致意。
 
  
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在五十三层的旋转餐厅,小平同志俯瞰深圳市容。他看到高楼林立,鳞次栉 比,一派欣欣向荣的景象,很是高兴。
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一下子铺那么多摊子,是不是好大喜功?是不是头脑发热?
  
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坐下来后,他先看ー张深圳经济特区总体规划图。接着,李激向小平同志汇报 深圳的改革开放和经济建设的情况。李额说,深圳的经济建设发展很快,人民生活 水平有了很大提高,1984年,人均收入为六百元,现在是两千元。改革开放也有了 很大的进展。他还说,这些年来,我们的精神文明建设和物质文明建设是同步发展 的。深圳人对建设有中国特色的社会主义坚定不移,并且充满信心……
 
  
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听了汇报后,小平同志和省、市负责人作了较长时间的谈话。
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Trying to do too many things all at once, isn't that overly ambitious? Is it a case of getting carried away?
  
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小平同志充分肯定了深圳在改革开放和建设中所取得的成绩。然后,他说,要 坚持党的十一届三中全会以来的路线方针政策,关键是坚持“一个中心、两个基本 点” 〇不坚持社会主义,不改革开放,不发展经济,不改善人民生活,只能是死路ー 条。基本路线要管ー百年,动摇不得。
 
  
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小平同志又说,要坚持两手抓,一手抓改革开放,一手抓打击各种犯罪活动,这 两只手都要硬。打击各种犯罪活动,扫除各种丑恶现象,手软不得。
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好社会主义之“大”,喜改革开放之“功”,这一点,他不否认。他始终觉得,作 为ー个共产党员,他欠人民的太多太多,只要有机会,他就要为人民建功立业,做出 最大的奉献。从这个意义上说,好大喜功的人不是多了而是少了,太少了。
  
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小平同志思路清晰,记忆カ强。他谈笑风生,有时ー两句幽默的话语,引得大 家发出ー阵阵笑声。在场的省、市负责同志聚精会神地聆听他老人家的谈话,不时 还插上几句,谈话气氛轻松活跃。
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He does not deny that his ambition stems from the "greatness" of socialism and the "achievement" of embracing reform and opening up. He always felt that, as a member of the Communist Party, he owed too much to the people, and as long as he had the opportunity, he had to build a career for the people and make the greatest dedication. In this sense, there are not too many overambitious people; in fact, there are too few of them.
  
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小平同志侃侃而谈。他还谈到中国要保持稳定,干部和党员要把廉政建设作 为大事来抓,要注意培养下一代接班人等重大问题。
 
  
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在谈话中,小平同志强调要多干实事,少说空话。他说,会太多,文章太长,不 行。谈到这里,老人家指着窗外的一片高楼大厦说,深圳发展这么快,是靠实干干 出来的,不是靠讲话讲出来的,不是靠写文章写出来的。
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头脑发热?他觉得有些好笑。1947年他15岁就到银行做练习生,共和国成立 后始终在经济战线上南征北战,从无锡到上海,从广州到武汉,从国家计委到河西 走廊再到五七干校的窑厂……正面的反面的、酸的甜的、苦的辣的,一切的一切都 告诉他:无论如何都不能再搞政治运动,无论如何都不能再用搞政治运动的那ー套 来搞经济建设。正是在把握这个基本点的前提下,他苦苦地寻觅出“东张西望”、 横向联合的路子,在充分调查论证的基础上オ确定了 14个重点建设项目。
  
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小平同志精神健旺,谈兴甚浓。在国贸大厦旋转餐厅,老人家谈了三十多分 钟,使在场的人深受教育和鼓舞。
 
  
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当小平同志离开旋转餐厅下到ー楼大厅时,大厅的音乐喷泉,随着优美的乐 曲,喷出图案多变的水柱和水花,蔚为壮观。ー楼到三楼,站满了群众,黑压压的ー 片。人山人海,秩序井然。人人心花怒放,个个喜笑颜开。这是多么令人难忘的时 刻!人们为有幸能一睹小平同志的风采而激动万分,也为小平同志的身体健康、精 神饱满而无比高兴。
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Getting carried away? He finds this somewhat amusing. In 1947, when he was 15 years old, he started as an apprentice in a bank. After the founding of the People's Republic, he fought on the economic front, from Wuxi to Shanghai, from Guangzhou to Wuhan, from the State Planning Commission to the Hexi Corridor, and finally to the kiln factory at the May 7 Cadre School. Both the positive and negative experiences, sweet and sour, bitter and spicy, everything told him: under no circumstances should political movements be pursued again, and under no circumstances should the methods of political movements be used for economic construction. It is precisely on the premise of grasping this fundamental point that he painstakingly explored the approach of "looking in all directions" and forming horizontal alliances. Based on thorough investigation and research, he identified 14 key construction projects.
  
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群众在尽情地鼓掌,阵阵雷鸣般的掌声响彻国贸大厦。这掌声,表达了群众对 倡导改革开放政策的小平同志的爱戴和崇敬,反映了群众对身受其惠的改革开放 政策的坚信和拥护。
 
  
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小平同志非常高兴,满面笑容地频频向群众招手致意。整个场面十分热烈,呈 现出老ー辈无产阶级革命家同人民群众融洽无间的动人情景。
 
  
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离开国贸大厦后,小平同志乘车去深圳先科激光公司参观。
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他是县长是父母官,然而他也是ー个人,他不可能没有自己的想法、自己的顾 虑,也不可能没有他的苦闷、他的孤独与彷徨!
  
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先科激光公司,是一家高科技企业,引进荷兰飞利浦公司的先进生产技术,是 我国目前唯一的生产激光唱片、视盘和光盘放送机的公司。邓小平、江泽民、李鹏、 王震、田纪云、刘华清等中央、国务院、中央军委领导的车子到达先科激光公司时, 该公司董事长叶华明等人迎上前去,和小平同志热烈握手。
 
  
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有人介绍说,叶华明是叶挺将军的儿子。
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He is the county chief and the Parental officer, but he is also an individual. He cannot possibly not have his own thoughts and concerns, and it is also impossible for him not to have his own frustrations, loneliness, and confusion!
  
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小平同志握住叶华明的手亲切地问:“你是叶老二吧?”
 
  
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“不是,我是老四。”叶华明伸出四根手指回答说。
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白夜。黑昼。世界的迷离混沌和颠倒反差无情地扰乱了他的思绪。他居然找 不到ー个说话的地方,当然只是ー个很短暂的过程。他生出来ー种少有的孤独感。 这使他在家里不开心,影响了妻子的情绪,在外面也不开心,有时竟会莫名其妙地 激动得脸红脖子粗。好在家里的、外面的,做官的、做老百姓的,一般也了解他的为 人,理解他的艰难处境,所以谁也不会计较他。越是这样,他越是感到忧心如焚,苦 闷无比。他真想飞到北京去,和中南海的决策者们做一番理论。
  
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“呵,我们快四十年没见面了。”小平同志深情地说。
 
  
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“是的,我那时是小孩,现在五十多岁了。”
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White night. Black day. The world's disorienting chaos and upside-down contrasts relentlessly disrupt his thoughts. He couldn't find a place to talk, but of course it was only a short process. He felt a sense of loneliness that he had rarely felt before. This made him unhappy at home, affecting his wife's mood. He was also unhappy outside, sometimes even inexplicably becoming agitated, with his face turning red and his neck swollen. The good thing is that the family and the outside, the officials and the people, generally understand his person, understand his difficult situation, so no one will take him seriously. The more this happens, the more he feels worried and miserable. He really wants to fly to Beijing and have a discussion with the decision-makers at Zhongnanhai.
  
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“你弟弟叶正光在哪里工作?”小平同志对革命家的后代十分关心。叶华明 说:“在海南岛。”
 
  
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原来,叶挺将军于!946年飞机失事不幸遇难后,叶华明于当年5月离开延安 直到1953年,叶正光于1952年到1960年,都是生活在聂荣臻元帅家里。小平同 志同聂帅常有往来,所以那时见过他们兄弟俩。
+
唉!也只能是想想,中国的改革开放还没有到ー个七品芝麻官可以随时和总 书记直接对话的地步。
  
−
在公司贵宾厅,小平同志听取了关于公司情况的介绍。先科激光公司于去年 1〇月12日正式投产,使我国成为继荷兰、日本、美国之后第四个能够生产激光视 盘、唱盘的国家。该公司可年产激光唱片五百万张,视盘ー百五十万张,激光视盘、 唱盘放送机五万台。
 
  
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邓楠拿起一块闪光程亮的激光视盘给小平同志观看。这种恍如镜子般的盘 片,能储存十点八万帧色彩逼真的清晰图像,可长久保存,永不破损。小平同志听 了,十分感兴趣,问:“是什么材料?”公司的同志答:“塑料上面镀ー层银。”
+
It's just a thought, as China's reform and opening up haven't reached the point where a low-ranking official can directly communicate with the General Secretary at any time.
  
−
小平同志又兴味盎然地看了激光视盘的特性、音响效果、功能和检索能力表 演。当他看到传记资料片《我们的邓大姐》时,对身旁的广东省委书记谢非说:“我
 
−
今年八十八岁,邓颖超同志和我同年,都是1904生的。我是8月出生,她比我年大
 
  
−
半岁。”
+
那么,和最基层的厂长书记们对话总可以吧?
  
−
小平同志出生于1904年8月22日,家乡是四川省广安县协兴乡牌坊村。
 
  
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小平同志接着说:“邓颖超同志是河南人。”他女儿邓楠说:“不,是广西人。”小 平同志纠正说:“她的原籍是河南。广西是她出生和长大的地方。”小平同志对邓 大姐十分熟悉。
+
So, it should be possible to have a dialogue with the most grassroots factory directors and secretaries, right?
  
−
接着,公司一位四川籍的业余歌手赵敏,为小平同志演唱了一首卡拉ок《在希 望的田野上》。邓小平同志对他这位老乡的歌喉及音响效果十分赞赏,听完后带头 鼓掌。ー边起身,ー边说:“很好,我听得很清楚,不走调,音响效果不错。”
 
  
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从贵宾厅出来到激光视盘生产车间,经过三十米长的过道,许多职エ在过道侧 热烈鼓掌欢迎小平同志。
 
  
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小平同志问:“这些职工多大年纪?”
+
阳澄湖畔的巴城镇,古镇旁边正在崛起一个新厂。这是全县14个重点项目之 ー。厂长名叫陆大荣,曾经因为2000元的“经济问题”吃过官司。党委书记和镇长 跑到人事局找方局长,又跑到组织部找沈部长,在分析了陆大荣的历史后提出:此 人可不可转干?可不可当厂长?可以。又问:可以当一个投资1400万元的大厂的 厂长吗?也可以。像这样的人还可以入党吗?根据你说的,当然可以。
  
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叶华明答:“大多数是二十五岁到三十岁,由全国各地招聘来的,大部分是科技 人员。”
 
  
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小平同志听了高兴地说:“很好,高科技项目要让年轻人十,希望在青年人 身上。”
+
Beside Yangcheng Lake's Bacheng Town, a new factory is emerging. This is one of the 14 key projects in the county. The factory director, named Lu Darong, once faced a lawsuit due to an "economic issue" involving 2,000 yuan. The Party Secretary and the town mayor ran to the Personnel Bureau to find Director Fang, and then went to the Organization Department to find Director Shen. After analyzing Lu Darong's history, they raised the question: can this person be transferred to a different position? Can he become the factory director? The answer was yes. They further asked: can he be the director of a large factory with an investment of 14 million yuan? The answer was also yes. Can someone like this join the Communist Party? Based on what you've said, of course he can.
  
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在激光视盘生产车间,当叶华明介绍他们每年要生产一部分外国电影激光视 盘时,小平同志问:“版权问题怎么解决? ”
 
  
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叶华明回答说:“按国际规定向外国电影公司购买版权。”
 
  
−
小平同志对此表示满意:“应该这样,要遵守国际有关知识产权的规定。”
+
就是这个陆大荣,用拼命三郎的精神创造了“巴城速度”：十天一层楼;工程保 质保量保速度了,每上一层楼他就扛了一头杀好的猪送到工地犒赏“三军”！
  
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小平同志边走边问,对公司的情况问得很仔细,他还问及原材料是否进口 ,我 国目前能否生产,产品质量怎样保证等等,公司负责人ーー做了回答。
 
  
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当小平同志看到几位女工正在擦拭刚生产出来的激光视盘时,便停下来问: “你们是什么地方人?”女工们回答:“汕头人。”小平同志笑着说:“我ー看就知道你 们是广东人。”说得大家都笑起来。
+
It is this very Lu Darong who, with the spirit of a tireless worker, created the "Bacheng Speed": constructing one floor every ten days. He ensured the quality, quantity, and speed of the project. For every floor completed, he carried a slaughtered pig to the construction site to reward the "three armies" (workers).
  
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临离开车间前,小平同志问到公司今年的生产目标。叶华明说:“今年要生产 五十万张激光视盘,二百五十部激光视盘电影,国产片和外国片ー样多,其中还有 科教片和一部分卡拉0К。总产值可达三亿多元,利润八千万元。”小平同志高兴地 说:“很好,希望你们努力实现这个目标。”
 
  
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小平同志到先科激光公司参观,给了该公司的职工以极大的鼓舞。公司董事 长叶华明对记者说:“我是一直在党内老同志关怀抚养下成长的,见到邓小平同志 身体很健康,我心里特别高兴。我决心在深圳第二个十年建设中,努力把工作做得
 
  
−
更好,不辜负小平同志的殷切希望。”
+
吴克铃来到工地上,明显地感受到了一种气氛,ー种从群众内心深处诱发出来 的巨大的积极性。
  
−
四
 
  
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1月21日,是华侨城建设者永远难忘的日子。这一天,小平同志到这里的中 国民俗文化村和锦绣中华微缩景区游览。
+
Wu Kequan arrived at the construction site and clearly felt an atmosphere, a tremendous enthusiasm that was evoked from deep within the hearts of the people.
  
−
锦绣中华是集中国名胜古迹于一体的世界最大的微缩景区。中国民俗文化 村,是中国民俗艺术的荟萃之地,是集民间艺术、民族风情、民居于一园的大型游 览区。
 
  
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上午9时50分,小平同志在省、市负责人陪同下,乘车来到中国民俗文化村东 大门广场。民俗文化村顿时沸腾起来了。广场上欢声雷动,鼓乐喧天,身穿鲜艳民 族服装的各族青年男女,载歌载舞迎接小平同志的到来。
+
我们的人民永远是可爱的。
  
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在广场西侧,小平同志登上电瓶车,由徽州街西行,缓缓驶经各个民族村寨。 所到之处,各少数民族的演员都在尽情地跳舞欢歌,敲鼓击乐,充满欢乐祥和的气 氛。小平同志一行在这里领略了千姿百态的民族风情,欣赏了古朴纯美的民间歌 舞。而那别具一格的徽州石牌坊群,富有民族特色的贵州鼓楼、风雨桥,云南藤桥, 金碧辉煌的西藏喇嘛寺等,又把小平同志一行带进了中华民族源远流长的传统文 化长河中。
 
  
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正在这里游览的群众、港澳同胞和外国朋友,纷纷驻足道旁,鼓掌向小平同志 致意。小平同志亦频频向他们招手。
+
Our people are always lovely.
  
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到新疆维吾尔族民居,小平同志走下电瓶车,在这里坐下来,兴致勃勃地观看 维吾尔族舞蹈。这时,小平同志的小孙子走过来,邓楠抱住他,说:“亲亲爷爷。”小 孙子亲昵地吻了一下小平同志的面颊,小平同志十分开心。
 
  
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小平同志接着到锦绣中华微缩景区游览。在“天安门”前,小平同志走下电瓶 车观赏了“故宫”景色。然后,他走到“故宫”景点旁边的小卖部,很感兴趣地欣赏 玻璃柜内的纪念品。
 
  
−
在“布达拉宫”前,小平同志分别同家人及亲属、陪同的负责同志合影留念。
+
人民迫切希望改变现状,他们欢迎并无条件地参加一切改革,只要这个改革能 够给他们希望,给他们带来好处。
  
−
在回迎宾馆途中,小平同志和陪同的负责同志亲切谈话。
 
  
−
小平同志说,走社会主义道路,就要逐步实现共同富裕。共同富裕的构想是这 样提出来的:一部分地区有条件先发展起来,一部分地区发展慢点,先发展起来的 地区带动后发展的地区,最终达到共同富裕。如果富的愈来愈富,穷的愈来愈穷, 两极分化就会产生,而社会主义制度应该而且能够避免两极分化。解决的办法之 一,就是先富起来的地区交点利税,支持贫困地区的发展。当然,太早这样办也不 行,现在不削弱发达地区的活力,也不能鼓励吃“大锅饭”。
+
The people are eager to change the status quo, they welcome and unconditionally participate in all reforms, as long as this reform can give them hope and bring them benefits.
  
−
他接着说,不发达地区又大都是拥有丰富资源的地区,发展潜カ是有的。总 之,就全国范围来说,我们ー定能够逐步顺利解决沿海同内地差距的问题。
 
  
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当深圳市市长郑良玉汇报到在发展经济的同时,把社会主义精神文明建设搞 好时,小平同志说,只要我们的生产カ发展,保持一定的增长速度,人民的精神文明 建设也可以搞上去,我们完全有能力把社会主义精神文明建设搞好。
+
吴克铃问陆大荣:“你这速度是不是’太快’了?”
  
−
小平同志还谈到要尽快把经济建设抓上去。他说,有条件的地方要尽可能搞 快点,只要是讲效益,讲质量,搞外向型经济,就没有什么可以担心的。
 
  
−
五
+
Wu Kequan asked Lu Darong, "Isn't your construction 'too fast'?”
  
−
1月22日,深圳阳光明媚,仙湖植物园内春意盎然。今天,小平同志和杨尚昆 主席带领两家三代人到仙湖植物园种树和游览,给园内园外带来了无尽的喜悦。
 
  
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上午9时45分,小平同志在省、市负责人陪同下,来到仙湖植物园。随同来的 有他的夫人卓琳,女儿邓林、邓榕和小孙子。随后,邓朴方同志也来了。
 
  
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先到这里的国家主席杨尚昆,同小平同志热烈握手。接着步入展览厅,观看仙 湖植物园模型。小平同志听了关于植物园的情况介绍后,高兴地说:“植物园大有 可为。”
+
答:“要不是下雨,还可再快一点〇”
  
−
杨尚昆主席是1月21日到深圳视察的。小平同志和杨主席两位老战友在仙 湖植物园相逢,自然高兴万分。
 
  
−
“我们在ー起几十年了哦。”小平同志深情地说。
+
Lu Darong replied, "If it weren't for the rain, we could have been even faster."
  
−
“我们是1932年认识的。”杨主席说着扳起指头数起来,“四十二,五十二,六 十二 九十二,六十年了 !”
 
  
−
这时身背三部相机的杨绍明走过来,握着小平同志的手说:“邓伯伯,新年好!”
+
又问:“还有没有什么困难?”
  
−
邓榕说:“他是全国摄影协会副主席呀!”
 
  
−
小平同志幽默地说:“你们杨家有两个主席啰!”全场大笑起来。
+
Wu Kequan further asked, "Are there any other difficulties?”
  
−
接着,小平同志和杨主席一同步入室内观赏植物区。这是ー个大温室,培育着 种类繁多的珍稀植物,林林总总,使人目不暇接。
 
  
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他们首先观看据说距今有一亿五千万年的恐龙时代的树种一楸楞。
+
答:“困难是有的,但同县里的比,就算不上什么了 一我们别的不能做什么, 千方百计把这个项目建成,尽快见效就算是对县委县政府的ー种支持……”
  
−
小平同志说:“还有一种古代树种,叫水杉,现在全国都有了。ー棵很大的,在 三峡附近。”说着,他还用手比画一下。
 
  
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植物园负责人陈覃清说:“是的。水杉树种距今约七千五百万年,是在三峡附 近湖北省境内发现的。”在场的人都很佩服小平同志丰富的知识和记忆カ。
+
Lu Darong replied, "There are difficulties, but compared to those in the county, they are not significant. We can't do much else, so we will do everything we can to complete this project and see results as soon as possible. That would be our way of supporting the county committee and the county government.”
  
−
小平同志说的那棵很大的水杉,是1946年薛纪如先生发现的,他采集了标本。 1948年,由胡先骊、郑万钧先生定名为水杉,公开发表,轰动了当时国际植物界。 人们称此树种为活化石。这棵树胸径ニ点四米,高三十五米,在三峡附近湖北省利 川县谋道这个地方。
 
  
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接着,小平同志和杨主席仔细观赏其他植物,兴味极浓。
+
吴克铃紧握住陆大荣的手,说:“谢谢!”
  
−
看到ー种叫“发财树”的植物,邓榕风趣地对小平同志说:“以后咱们家也种 棵。”
 
  
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小平同志指着“光棍树”问:“为什么叫光棍树?”植物园负责人回答:“因为它 不长叶子。”
+
Wu Kequan firmly shook Lu Darong's hand and said, "Thank you!”
  
−
在湘妃竹、人面竹、方竹前,小平同志伫立观赏。植物园负责人介绍说,毛主席 的诗句“斑竹一枝千滴泪”中的“斑竹”,就是指这种湘妃竹。相传很久以前,ー个 妃子逃难到九嶷山,哭得很伤心,一滴滴泪水滴在竹子上,就成为现在的湘妃竹。
 
  
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小平同志说:“成都竹子很多,有红的、黑的、紫的、黄的,也有方的。”植物园负 责人说:“成都的望江公园各种竹子都有。”在场有人说,这里有的竹子就是悄悄地 从成都“弄”来的。小平同志开玩笑说:“这也属于知识产权问题啊,我是四川人, 要你们赔偿啊。”周围的人全都笑起来〇观赏植物区里笑语声喧。
+
谢谢全县50万人民,谢谢全县上千名厂长、书记……
  
−
小平同志被这些珍稀植物吸引住了,他观赏得很仔细,注意听介绍,还不断提 问。他指着一棵天鹅绒竹芋问:“它长不长芋头?”植物园负责人答:“不长,只供观 赏。”邓榕接着说:“爸爸很喜欢吃芋头。”植物园的同志说,这种竹芋的叶子,摸上 去像绒布。小平同志听了,好奇地摸了一下。杨主席随手捡起一片叶子,风趣地 说:“带着留个纪念。”杨主席也在以极大的兴趣,观赏着各种奇花异草。他观看猪 笼草、鸟巢蕨时,鸟巢蕨那活像鸟巢的模样令他十分开心。他问这植物开不开花, 靠什么繁殖,植物园负责人ーー做了回答。
 
  
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这里有一种兰花,很奇特,叫“跳舞兰”。植物园负责人指着ー朵兰花给小平 同志介绍:“这兰花样子像个姑娘。这是头、身子、裙、腿。它在跳迪斯科哩。”小平 同志笑着说:“是,很像个姑娘在跳舞〇"
+
He would like to express gratitude to the 500,000 people in the county and the thousands of factory directors and Party secretaries throughout the county.
  
−
从观赏植物区出来,小平同志和杨主席等人向大草坪走去。置身于美丽的大 自然中,满眼是青山绿水、茂林修竹,小平同志感到心旷神怡。他高兴地同家人在 这里合影留念。
 
  
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这里,绿色主宰了大自然的风光,使人流连忘返。小平同志说:“这里的环境真
+
五、“老吴要高速度”
−
优美〇”杨主席赞叹道:“真是天上人间,世外桃源。”
 
  
−
10时1〇分,小平同志和杨主席在一片开阔的草地上,种下ー棵常青树一高 山榕。小平同志和杨主席挥锹培土,接着,小平同志的家人也拿起铁锹,使劲地将 土铲到树根上。邓朴方在旁人的帮助下,也培了几锹土。然后,小平同志和小孙子 ー起端起个红色的小水桶浇水。
 
  
−
杨主席同小平同志一家栽好树后,又领着自己一家在不远处种下另ー棵高山 榕。杨主席和家人一道培土、浇水,动作非常敏捷。
+
5 Old Wu Demands High Speed
  
−
高山榕是一种亚热带植物,桑科榕属,是广东省的代表树种之一。生长快,树 冠大,四季常青。
 
  
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小平同志和杨尚昆主席在这里种下常青树,给深圳增添了无边春色,也将为子 孙后代造福遮阴。深圳人民一定会记住这个日子,记住他们为建立新中国、为改革 开放所做的卓越贡献,记住他们对深圳特区的关怀和支持,记住他们那长久而深厚 的情谊。
+
不思量,自难忘,平生坎坷多少事,总把真情相向!
  
−
种完树后,小平同志和家人在湖边散步,一家人其乐融融,尽情享受这温暖的 阳光和清新的空气,欣赏这如诗如画的湖光山色。
 
  
−
小平同志精神奕奕地迈着步,表现出他对祖国的未来充满信心。摄影记者们 纷纷按下快门,拍下这令人高兴的镜头。
+
Even without dwelling on it, it's still hard to forget. Through all the ups and downs in life, always face each other with sincerity!
  
−
六
 
  
−
1月22日下午3时10分,小平同志和杨尚昆主席在市迎宾馆接见了深圳市 委、市政府、市人大、市政协、市纪委的负责人,亲切地同他们ーー握手。
+
吴克铃从内心里感谢并永远记住那些在困难时候给予自己理解和支持的所有 的人。
  
−
接着,小平同志和杨主席同深圳市五套班子的负责人合影。合影时,坐在前排 的有:小平同志、国家主席杨尚昆、中央军委副主席刘华清、广州军区司令员朱敦 法、广东省委书记谢非、新华社香港分社社长周南、广东省委副书记郭荣昌,深圳市 委书记李激、市长郑良玉、市委副书记厉有为。
 
  
−
合影后,人们都围拢过来,同小平同志握手,小平同志亲切地和大家交谈。
+
Wu Kequan sincerely thanks and will always remember all the people who provided understanding and support during difficult times.
  
−
新华社香港分社社长周南握着小平同志的手,向他问好,并邀请他199?年访
 
  
−
问香港。小平同志连声说:“好,好。”
 
  
−
广州军区司令员朱敦法中将向小平同志敬礼、问好。中央军委副主席刘华清 上将向小平同志介绍说:“朱敦法同志在淮海战役中是个连长。”小平同志笑笑说: “那时还是个娃子哩。”在淮海战役这场波澜壮阔、规模宏伟的人民战争中,负责淮
+
14个重点项目,他ー个ー个跑过来,听汇报,看工程,和基层的厂长书记座谈。 他看到的是ー批实实在在的奋斗者的足迹,感觉到的是ー种抓住了机会就拼命改 变现状的热烈气氛。人民不是用语言而是用行动来称赞改革的。
  
−
海前线一切事宜、统一指挥中原野战军和华东野战军的总前委,由邓小平任书记。
 
  
−
今天,小平同志同省、市负责人作了重要的谈话。
+
He went to each of the 14 key projects, listened to the reports, inspected the construction progress, and had discussions with the grassroots factory directors and Party secretaries. He saw the footprints of a group of real fighters, and felt the fervent atmosphere of seizing opportunities and striving to change the current situation. The people praised the reform not with words but with actions.
  
−
小平同志说,改革开放胆子要大一些,敢于试验,不能像小脚女人ー样。看准 了的,就大胆地试,大胆地闯。深圳的重要经验就是敢闯。没有一点闯的精神,没 有一点“冒”的精神,没有一股气呀、劲呀,就走不出一条好路,走不出一条新路,就 干不出新的事业。不冒风险,办什么事情都有百分之百的把握,万无一失,谁敢说 这样的话? 一开始就自以为是,认为百分之百正确,没那回事,我就从来没有那么 认为。
 
  
−
李额说,深圳特区是在您的倡导、关心、支持下才能够建设和发展起来的。我 们是按您的指示去闯、去探索的。
+
人民拥护改革,改革属于人民。
  
−
小平同志说,工作主要是你们做的。我是帮助你们、支持你们的,在确定方向 上出了一点カ。
 
  
−
小平同志还指出,社会主义的本质,是解放生产カ,发展生产カ,消灭剥削,消 除两极分化,最终达到共同富裕。证券、股市,这些东西究竟好不好,有没有危险, 是不是资本主义独有的东西,社会主义能不能用,允许看,但要坚决地试。看对了, 搞ー两年对了,放开;错了,纠正,关了就是了。关,也可以快关,也可以慢关,也可 以留一点尾巴。怕什么,坚持这种态度就不要紧,就不会犯大错误。
+
The people support the reform, and the reform belongs to the people.
  
−
在谈话中,小平同志还谈到了:现在建设中国式的社会主义,经验一天比ー天 丰富;在农村改革和城市改革中,不搞争论,大胆地试,大胆地闯；我们的政策就是 允许看,允许看,比强制好得多,等等。
 
  
−
七
+
还有两个人,他要深深地感谢他们。
  
−
时间过得真快,小平同志在深圳,一晃几天就过去了。1月23日,小平同志在 广东省委书记谢非的陪同下去珠海特区。
 
  
−
上午8时30分,深圳市负责人以及警卫、服务人员,在市迎宾馆热烈欢送小平 同志。人们都依依不舍,多么希望小平同志能在深圳多住几天啊。
+
There are two other people to whom he is deeply grateful.
  
−
小平同志和市负责人ーー握手告别。
 
  
−
同车前往蛇口送行的有李激、郑良玉、厉有为等。
+
苏州市委书记戴心思来了,他也是听到ー些风声后跑来的。
  
−
车子在宽阔的笋岗路向蛇口驶去。在车上,小平同志和省、市负责人亲切 交谈。
 
  
−
李激向小平同志简要地汇报深圳改革开放的几个措施:调整产业结构；放开ー 线,管好二线,把深圳特区建成第二关税区;加强法制,依法治市,加强立法执法エ 作;把宝安县改为深圳市的三个郊区等等。
+
Secretary of Suzhou Municipality. Dai Xinsi came after hearing some rumors.
  
−
小平同志听了后说,我都赞成,大胆地干。每年领导层要总结经验,对的就坚 持,不对的赶快改,新问题出来抓紧解决。不断总结经验,至少不会犯大错误。
 
  
−
李额说:“您讲的非常重要。我们要争取少犯错误,不犯大错误。”小平同志 说:“我刚オ说,第一条是不要怕犯错误,第二条是发现问题赶快改正。”
+
平时都很忙,开会了,书记又要照应到各个县市,不可能只听你ー个昆山的县 长说。
  
−
谈着谈着,车子到了蛇口。李额说,南山区管蛇口这一片,南山区发展势头非 常好,南山的荔枝很有名。全世界荔枝最好是中国,中国荔枝最好是广东,广东荔 枝最好是东莞、增城、深圳等地方。
 
  
−
这时,邓榕插话:“那么,全世界的柚子哪儿最好呢?”车子里爆发ー阵哄堂 大笑。
+
Normally, he was very busy, attending meetings and taking care of various counties and cities. It was not possible for him to only listen to the county mayor of Kunshan.
  
−
原来,小平同志平时在家里,常对孩子们夸耀四川的柚子最好。孩子们都不同 意,认为沙田柚子最好。
 
  
−
笑声过后,小平同志说:“四川柚子最好,但认识统ー不起来。”
+
现在可以了。
  
−
邓榕说:“说沙田柚子好的人多,说四川柚子好的人少。”
 
  
−
车子在蛇口一个地方停了几秒钟,邓榕指着远处“海上世界”对小平同志说:
+
Now it is possible.
  
−
“这是’海上世界’,是您给题的名。”
 
  
−
车子接着到赤湾港,缓慢地行驶。小平同志坐在车上察看赤湾港码头。
+
先看,先问,边看边问,然后,在第一招待所,他听吴克铃的汇报。
  
−
李激介绍说,赤湾港在蛇口里面,可停三点五万吨的船,准备建成停五万吨船 的码头。妈湾港在蛇口外面,可停五万吨的。深圳东部、西部都有港口,去年吞吐 量达一千四百万吨,将来要达到上亿吨。
 
  
−
车子到达蛇口港码头。下车前,李额对小平同志说:“您这次来,深圳人民非常 高兴。我们希望您不久再来,明年冬天来这儿过春节。”小平同志下车后,同前来迎 接的珠海市委书记、市长梁广大握手。然后,小平同志同深圳市负责人李激、郑良 玉、厉有为ーー握别。小平同志向码头走了几步,突然又转回来,向李额说:“你们 要搞快一点!”
+
He first looked and asked questions, and then at the first reception hall, he listened to Wu Kequan's report.
  
−
把握时机,快一点将经济建设抓上去,这是小平同志对深圳的期望,也是时刻 萦绕在小平同志心头的一件大事。
 
  
−
李额说:“您的话很重要,我们一定搞快一点。”
+
吴克铃还是第一次比较系统地向市委领导汇报自己的经济思路。
  
−
上午9时40分,小平同志乘坐的轮船离开蛇口港。
 
  
−
1992年1月19日到23日,小平同志在深圳的这段日子,是极不寻常的日子,
+
It was the first time that Wu Kequan had systematically reported his economic ideas to Secretary of Municipal Party Committee.
  
−
它将永远记载在深圳建设的史册上,永远铭记在深圳人民的心坎里。
 
  
−
“东方风来满眼春。”小平同志来到深圳,使深圳进ー步涌起改革开放的春潮。 小平同志在这里发表的许多重要谈话,对深圳的改革开放和建设,对整个社会主义 现代化建设事业,都有重大而深远的意义。
+
戴心思听得极为认真。在大的原则问题上,他是从来不轻易表态的,但这ー 次,他却十分明确地说:“看起来,照你这个路子走下去,昆山有希望。”
  
−
敬爱的小平同志,我们衷心祝愿您健康长寿!深圳人民一定沿着您倡导的有 中国特色的社会主义道路奋勇前进!
 
  
−
（原载《深圳特区报》1992年3月26日）
+
Dai Xinshi listened extremely carefully. He never easily expressed his opinions on major issues of principle, but this time he was very clear and said: "It seems that if we continue down this path, Kunshan has hope.
−
好梦将圆时
 
  
−
—90年代初三军现代化掠影
 
  
−
江永红
 
  
−
现代化的军队,现代化的国防 个从晚清魏源等先觉那里便开始萌生的 中国梦。“师夷长技以制夷”,其思想光芒如流星行空,在千年黑暗的苍穹中留下 ー线希望之光。然而,一次次播下希望的种,又一次次收获失望的泪。李鸿章办洋 务,建立起当时堪称现代化的北洋水师,可悲甲午ー战,舰沉军灭;袁世凯小站练 兵,开中国现代陆军之先,却练出ー批北洋军阀,窃国媚外,混战不已,令人不堪回 首;一代先驱孙中山,辛亥革命驱皇室,倡共和,办黄埔,练新军,然而逸仙甫逝,兵 权即归民贼,枪ロ遂向人民。呜呼! 一部中国近代史,亿万炎黄子孙泪。
+
市委书记一句话,使吴克铃挺直了腰杆。
  
−
1949年,毛泽东登上天安门城楼,给国家带来了好梦成真的契机与希望。小 米加步枪可以得天下,而要自立于世界民族之林却不可没有现代化。20世纪50年 代初,毛泽东为三军题词,念念不忘建立强大的陆军、强大的海军、强大的空军。 “两弹一星”上天,核潜艇下水,无不倾注着他的心血。然而他亲手推动的现代化 进程又被他亲自发动的“文化大革命”拉向后退。阶级斗争为纲日,不是好梦成 真时。
 
  
−
再次启动三军现代化发动机的人是我们的“总设计师”一邓小平。16年前 的!978年5月13日,他在召集总参谋部领导同志谈话时问道:
+
The words of the Municipal Party Committee Secretary straightened Wu Kequan's back.
  
−
“打起仗来和过去ー样光靠电话吗?”
 
  
−
这ー问,在当时的中国可谓惊世骇俗,即使在今天,也不失为一声警笛。那时, 我军的大多数指挥员还被禁锢在“左”的模式中,对现代化指挥系统几乎ー无所 知。时任副总长的杨成武上将刚从法国访问归来,法军以计算机为中心的自动化 指挥系统让他大开眼界:其信息传递之快捷之准确,其情况掌握之及时之全面,虽 神话亦不能及也,指挥员甚至可以在屏幕上清楚地看到分队行动和单兵战斗动作。
+
然而,由于宏观控制的影响,原定由上海金星厂投资的钱拿不出来了。
  
−
就在这一次谈话中,“总设计师”从法军的指挥自动化谈到美军普及计算机的 曲折过程,准确地标出了我军在全球现代化坐标系中的位置,斩钉截铁地指出:“指 导思想要明确,就是要解决现代化问题。”他的谈话为我们描绘了包括大裁军在内 的三军现代化建设的最初蓝图。从此,我军走上了以现代化为中心的“三化”建设
 
  
−
大记录
+
However, due to the impact of macro-control, the original investment by Shanghai Jin Xing Television Factory factory money could not be obtained.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
这个联营厂就这么半途而废了?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Would this joint venture factory be abandoned halfway?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
多情总被无情恼。多少心血与汗水,到头来全付于一江春水东流去?吴克铃不相信,也不甘心。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Love is always troubled by the heartless. How much effort and sweat, only to be ultimately carried away by the eastward flowing spring river? Wu Kequan didn't believe it and couldn't accept it.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
没有钱不可以借吗?你不好借,我们出面借行不行?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
If there's no money, can't we get a loan? If it's difficult for them, how about we step in and secure the loan on their behalf?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
吴克铃立刻赶到上海,说明来意:“婚姻”大事,不敢儿戏!联营厂总要办成办 好,资金问题,上海一方的由昆山出面以上海的名义借。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Wu Kequan rushed to Shanghai immediately, explaining the purpose: The "marriage" is a significant matter, not to be taken lightly! The joint venture factory must be established and run well. As for the funding issue, the money that was supposed to be provided by Shanghai will be borrowed in Shanghai's name by Kunshan.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
古今中外,不知有没有过这种先例。双方恋爱结婚,甲方应出的钱拿不出了, 就由乙方以甲方的名义去借……
 +
 
 +
 
 +
In ancient and modern times, both in China and abroad, no one knows if there has ever been such a precedent. In a love and marriage relationship between two parties, when Party A cannot provide the required funds, Party B borrows on behalf of Party A...
 +
 
 +
 
 +
改革是ー个万花筒。改革时期人民的智慧和创造要比平时大大提升。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The reform is a kaleidoscope. During the reform era, people's wisdom and creativity are greatly enhanced compared to ordinary times.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
心诚则灵,志坚则成。金星电视机厂昆山分厂就这样在一片风雨中建成投 产了!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
With a sincere heart and a determined will, anything can be achieved. In this way, amidst trials and tribulations, Shanghai Jin Xing Television Factory's Kunshan branch was built and put into operation!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
14个重点项目在克服难以想象的困难中又以难以想象的速度筹建、生产、 发展。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The 14 key projects were planned, produced, and developed at an unimaginable speed amidst unimaginable difficulties.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
14个重点项目是吴克铃的14个心思,14个心思编织着ー个彩色的梦:在适度 风险中创造适宜的速度,让昆山的经济尽快起飞,使昆山的老百姓得到更多的好 处
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The 14 key projects were Wu Kequan's 14 concerns, and these concerns wove together a colorful dream: creating a suitable speed within moderate risks, allowing Kunshan's economy to take off as soon as possible, and bringing more benefits to the people of Kunshan.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
然而我们的生活中总是有太多的“然而”,要是少一点,少到不至于让人遗恨 终生,更不至于让民族后悔的地步就好了 ーー然而,还是有人对他的路子表示“不 理解”,并且有意无意地制造着ー种舆论、ー种压カ……
 +
 
 +
 
 +
However, there are always too many "howevers" in our lives. If only there were fewer, to the point where they would not cause lifelong regrets or even make the nation regretful. Despite this, some people still expressed their "misunderstanding" of his approach, intentionally or unintentionally creating public opinion and pressure...
 +
 
 +
 
 +
市委书记不是明确表示肯定了吗?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Didn't the Municipal Party Committee Secretary clearly express affirmation?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
省委省政府不也给予关心和支持了吗?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Didn't the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government also provide care and support?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
但这还不够,或者说还不足以说明问题。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
But this is not enough, or not enough to explain the problem.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
“大气候”或日大政策是压缩,是控制。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The "macro environment" or the popular policy is about compression and control.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
昆山的“高速度”不是和中央唱“对台戏”吗?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Isn't Kunshan's "high speed" going against the central government's policy?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
有一阵子,昆山是苏州市乃至更大范围内议论的重要话题。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
For a while, Kunshan became an important topic of discussion in Suzhou and even in a larger scope.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
薛暮桥到苏州来了,似乎他对这个话题也感兴趣。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Xue Muqiao came to Suzhou, and it seemed that he was also interested in this topic.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
他是提出要实行宏观控制的经济学家之一。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
He was one of the economists who proposed the implementation of macroeconomic control.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
可是昆山却似乎不受这个“控制”的约束。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
However, Kunshan seemed to be unaffected by this "control.”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
昆山依然保持“高速度”！
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Kunshan still maintained its "high speed"!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
这是怎么回事?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
What was going on?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
他要问个究竟。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
He wanted to get to the bottom of it.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
吴克铃开始是谨慎的,他小心翼翼的,甚至不敢把昆山经济发展速度的百分比 说出来。但他很快就发觉,这种顾虑是多余的,因为他感到,和经济学家谈经济,也 许更加有利于阐明他的观点和思路。他条理清晰,如数家珍,从头至尾汇报了昆山 的经济现状,14个重点项目的确立和筹建过程,还提出横向联合的依据,等等。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
At first, Wu Kequan was cautious; he was very careful, and he even dared not to mention the percentage of Kunshan's economic growth rate. But he soon realized that such concerns were unnecessary because he felt that discussing economics with an economist might be even more beneficial in clarifying his views and thoughts. He presented his points in a clear and organized manner, recounting the current economic situation in Kunshan, the establishment and planning process of the 14 key projects, the rationale for horizontal alliances, and so on.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
薛暮桥听了大为惊讶。他没想到ー个县长居然会独立思考创建适合本地情况 的独特路子,也没想到在国家实行宏观控制的情况下这个县仍然能够稳中求快,迅 速地改变着原先的经济面貌。他越听越觉得有滋有味,忍不住频频点头,说:“昆山 搞得不错嘛!”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Xue Muqiao listened with great surprise. He hadn't expected a county mayor to independently think and create a unique path suited to local conditions, nor had he imagined that under the country's macroeconomic control, this county could still pursue steady progress and rapidly change its original economic landscape. The more he listened, the more fascinated he became, and he couldn't help but nod repeatedly, saying, "Kunshan is doing quite well!”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
吴克铃接过话来:“现在中央批超高速度,我们完全拥护,宏观失控了,就得从 宏观上去控制;但我也感到,再好的方针政策,都不能搞一刀切,不能仅仅从表面上 去理解,也不能简单地生搬硬套,这样做,好像是’坚决照办’,实际上是偷懒,是教 条,也是ー种对中央政策不尊重的表现……薛老,我的话可能说重了……”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Wu Kequan continued, "Now that the central government has approved the ultra-high speed. We fully support it. When macroeconomic control is lost, it needs to be controlled at the macro level. However, I also feel that no matter how good the policies and guidelines are, they cannot be applied uniformly. We cannot simply understand them superficially or mechanically apply them. Doing so may seem like 'resolutely following orders,' but in reality, it's laziness, dogmatism, and a lack of respect for central policies... Mr. Xue, My words might have been too harsh....”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
薛暮桥连忙摆摆手。显然,身居高位的他是很难听到ー个七品芝麻官对他说 真心话的,现在有人向他敞开了心扉,显然是对他的极大信任,他感到高兴,也觉得 欣慰,忙说:“老吴,你说下去!”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Xue Muqiao hurriedly waved his hand. Apparently, it was rare for him, as a high-ranking official, to hear a junior official speak his mind to him. Now that someone had opened up to him, he felt happy and reassured by the great trust, and hurriedly said, "Mr, Wu, please continue!”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
“举个简单的例子,我们昆山的ー些项目,已经投入了,厂也建成了,投入了而 不产出,实际是ー种浪费,所以我们就克服困难让它产出。有人就说,这是超高 速……”
 +
 
 +
"Let me give you a simple example. Some of our projects in Kunshan have already been invested in, and the factories have been built. To invest without producing is actually a waste, so we overcome difficulties to make them produce. Some people say that this is ultra-high speed Some people say, "This is ultra-high speed...”
 +
 
 +
批“超高速”,是薛暮桥的一贯主张,听到这么说,他不由得想了好一会,这オ 说:“我不是笼统讲的,我是说’固定资产投入不能超高速’,而且,这是就全局就国 家的宏观ー头来说的,像你们这样,从实际出发,走自己的路子,已经投入了,那就 应该尽快见效嘛!”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Criticizing "ultra-high speed" has always been Xue Muqiao's consistent stance. Upon hearing this, he couldn't help but think for a while before saying, "I'm not talking about it in general terms. I mean 'fixed asset investment should not be ultra-high speed.' Moreover, this is from the perspective of the overall situation and the country's macroeconomics. In cases like yours, where you start from reality and take your own path, since you have already invested, you should see results as soon as possible!”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
吴克铃心中一热,他感到两个人的心已经相通了。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Wu Kequan felt warmth in his heart, as if the two had reached a mutual understanding.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
仿佛意犹未尽,薛暮桥又加重语气说:“老吴,要高速度。”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Seemingly not satisfied, Xue Muqiao added with emphasis, "Mr, Wu, you should aim for high speed.”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
好痛快、好潇洒的薛暮桥!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
What a forthright and unrestrained Xue Muqiao is!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
吴克铃吃了 “定心丸”,薛暮桥也觉得不虚此行,两个人越谈越投机,越投机越 想深谈,可惜薛暮桥不能逗留太久,吴克铃就请他题词留念,薛老略加思索,便提笔 直书——
 +
 
 +
以上海为依托,发展横向经济联系,促使经济高速度发展。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Wu Kequan felt reassured, and Xue Muqiao also felt that his trip was worthwhile. The two found their conversation increasingly engaging and wanted to delve deeper into their discussion. Unfortunately, Xue Muqiao couldn't stay for too long, so Wu Kequan asked him to write an inscription as a memento. After some thought, Xue wrote the following:
 +
 
 +
 
 +
毕竟是著名的经济学家,也毕竟是经过了太多的风风雨雨的人,薛暮桥绝没有 因为自己批判宏观上的“超高速”就不加分析地一概否认微观上的“高速度”;相 反,他实事求是地肯定了昆山的经验,并且用十分明确而又凝练的语言,把这个经 验概括得恰到好处。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Rely on Shanghai, develop horizontal economic connections, and promote high-speed economic growth.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
无论你是什么“家”,也无论你是什么权威,都得具备这种胆识,都得具有这种 气量、这等胸怀オ行,否则,人民就不会尊重你,你这个“家”也就脆弱无比,ー碰即 碎
 +
 
 +
 
 +
After all, Xue Muqiao is a renowned economist and a person who has experienced many ups and downs. He never blindly denied the "high speed" at the micro-level just because he criticized the "ultra-high speed" at the macro-level. On the contrary, he pragmatically affirmed Kunshan's experience and summarized it aptly with clear and concise language.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
社会主义不是也绝不可能只是ー个刻板的模式,社会主义是千百万人的永无 止境的创造,你想用一把刀“切”出个社会主义,就如要一 口吃成个胖子ー样,那オ 是真正的虚幻真正的乌托邦。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
No matter what kind of "expert" or authority one is, one must possess this courage, magnanimity, and broad-mindedness. Otherwise, the people will not respect them, and their position as an "expert" will be fragile, easily shattered upon impact.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
第二章静静地孕育着辉疊
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Chapter II Quietly Breeding Brilliance
 +
 
 +
 
 +
依托上海,借“东风”,摸索出一条横向联合的路子,这是吴克铃艰苦思索冒险 实践的重要贡献之一。但生活绝不可能也永远不会如作家笔下所描述的那么简 单、那么平淡。昆山的路,究竟是怎么走过来的,我能够采访能够知道的也仅仅是 一部分。创造者的痛苦又无形中转移到了创作者身上。ー个人要得到理解是多 么艰难。人与人有许多共通之处,但人与人又绝对不ー样。天下父母官多如牛 毛,如焦裕禄者几人?如吴克铃者又有几人?昆山走出了一条自己的路,走出特 色,也走出了成效。社会主义不是乌托邦,就因为千百万人在那里默默地实践和 创造。创造就意味着奉献,能够奉献的人是快乐的。于是吴克铃只字未提他曾经 遭受到的压カ,实在避免不了时就轻描淡写一句带过,他只是平静地思路清晰地回 忆着过去的岁月
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Relying on Shanghai, taking advantage of the "east wind," and exploring a path of horizontal collaboration is one of the significant contributions from Wu Kequan's painstaking thinking and adventurous practice. However, life can never and will never be as simple and plain as described by the writer. But life can never be and will never be as simple and uneventful as described by the writer. The path of Kunshan, how it came to be, and what I can learn from interviews and knowledge is only a part of the story. The pain of the creator is invisibly transferred to the creator's shoulders. How difficult it is for a person to be understood. People have many commonalities, but they are also absolutely unique. There are countless parental officials in the world, but how many are like Jiao Yulu? How many are like Wu Kequan? Kunshan has taken its path, showing its uniqueness and achieving results. Socialism is not utopian, precisely because millions of people are silently practicing and creating. Creating means dedication, and those who can dedicate themselves are happy. Thus, Wu Kequan never mentioned the pressures he had faced, and only briefly touched upon them when it was unavoidable. He calmly and clearly recalled the past years.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
六、并非异想天开
 +
 
 +
 
 +
6 Not a Wild Fantasy
 +
 
 +
 
 +
就在实行横向联合的同时,吴克铃开始构思另ー篇大文章,做起了自费开发经 济技术开发区的梦。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
While implementing horizontal collaboration, Wu Kequan began to conceive another grand plan: to establish a self-funded economic and technological development zone.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
这在当时,一般人连想都不敢想。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
At that time, it was something most people wouldn't even dare to think about.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
他不仅想了,而且要做!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Yet, not only did he think about it, but he also took action!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
金星电视机昆山分厂既是他形成开发区思路的契机,又是他最早的也是成功 的ー个实践。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The establishment of the Kunshan branch of the Shanghai Jin Xing Television Factory was both the catalyst for his development zone idea and his first successful attempt.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
批准了的开发区,是国家投资的,政策也是特别优惠的。你要我开发吗?那 么,拿钱来给我用。于是,成千上万甚至是几个亿的人民币如雪花飘飘可以用车载 船装堆成一座小山似的过来了 !
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The approved development zones were funded by the state and had special preferential policies. Are you asking me to develop it? Then, give me the money to use. As a result, millions and even billions of RMB, like fluttering snowflakes, could be transported in trucks and boats and piled up like a small hill!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
昆山自己搞开发区,初步匡算,基础设施要几千万元。县里财政少得可怜,吴 克铃是两手空空一身“轻”的七品官,至于国家财政,你不在册,那一分钱也不能
 +
给,优惠政策一条也不能有!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
To establish a development zone in Kunshan, a preliminary estimate showed that tens of millions of yuan would be needed for infrastructure. The county's finances were pitifully scarce, and Wu Kequan, a low-ranking official with nothing to his name, had no access to national funding since the project was not officially listed. Consequently, not a single cent could be given, and no preferential policies could be applied!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
这还不是主要的。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
This is not the main issue.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
要紧的是风险,这里有经济上的,更有政治上的。建设开发区,好大的口气,好 大的胆子!你的“高速度”已经和中央唱“对台戏”了,难道还要别出心裁自作主张 搞什么开发区吗?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
What matters are the risks, which include not only economic ones but also political ones. Establishing a development zone required considerable ambition and courage. Wu Kequan's "high-speed" approach had already contradicted the central government's policies, so would he dare to go against the grain again by establishing a development zone?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
当然,他已经找到了横向联合这条路子,但这还不够。作为昆山经济这个总的 “盘子”,方方面面都是联系在ー起的。你要“横联”,你就得具备横联的条件;你要 “外向”,你就得具备吸引外商外资的动人之处。所以开发区绝不是他突发奇想, 更不是心血来潮,一切都是事物本身发展的规律让人产生灵感产生欲望的。这里 的关键就在于你能不能及时抓住这个契机,敢不敢超前ー步做出决策。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Of course, he had already found the path of horizontal collaboration, but that alone was not enough. As a comprehensive part of Kunshan's economy, all aspects were interconnected. To achieve horizontal collaboration, one must possess the necessary conditions; to be outward-oriented, one must have attractive features to draw in foreign investors and capital. Therefore, the idea of a development zone was not a whim, nor was it a sudden impulse. It was the inherent laws of development that inspired and motivated people. The key was whether one could seize the opportunity in time and dare to make a decision that was one step ahead of others.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
这是需要胆识的。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
This requires courage and insight.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
钱从哪里来?不可能等,不可能要,也休想靠什么人的施舍,唯一的也是最可 靠、最踏实的办法是自力更生
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Where does the money come from? It's impossible to wait, ask for, or rely on anyone's charity; the only reliable and practical approach is self-reliance.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
建设社会主义只能靠自力更生。建设社会主义不可能靠恩赐,也不可能依赖 谁的支援。输血只能救急,而不可能创造ー个活生生的生命,只有依靠本身的机制 增强造血功能才会有新鲜活泼的生命！
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Building socialism can only be achieved through self-reliance. It's impossible to build socialism through someone's grace or by relying on support from others. Blood transfusion can only provide temporary relief, but it cannot create a vibrant life. Only by relying on one's own mechanisms to enhance hematopoietic functions can a fresh and lively life be achieved!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
搞开发区,即便是国务院批准的,国家也只能给予少量投资。归根齿结底要靠 自力更生,何况,昆山是自己的积极性、自己的要求呢?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Developing an economic zone, even if approved by the State Council, can only receive limited investment from the state. Ultimately, self-reliance is essential, not to mention that it is Kunshan's own initiative and demands.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
他相信,过去有不少东西搞错了,但也有很多东西搞对了,不能因为错过就把 对的也否定了。自力更生难道也不对?自力更生符合中国国情,搞社会主义也离 不开自力更生！自力更生永远不会“过时”,自力更生必须也一定要延伸到现在延 伸到将来。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
He believes that in the past, many things were done wrong, but there were also many things done right. One should not negate the correct things just because some mistakes were made. Is self-reliance wrong? Self-reliance is in line with China's national conditions, and building socialism cannot be separated from self-reliance! Self-reliance will never be "outdated"; it must and will extend from the present into the future.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
只有自力更生才能给昆山的开发区带来希望。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Only self-reliance can bring hope to Kunshan's development zone.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
在县长办公会议上,他系统地谈了自己的设想和打算,又拿到县委常委会上去 讨论。吴克铃的主张得到了一致认可。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
At the county mayor's office meeting, he systematically discussed his ideas and plans, and then took them to County Party Standing Committee for further discussion. Wu Kequan's proposal received unanimous approval.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
消息传开,有人反对,有人怀疑,风声雨声ー阵紧过ー阵,他呢,也有自己的主 意:你说你的,我做我的。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
News spread, some opposed, some doubted, and rumors came one after another. As for him, he had his own convictions: let others say what they want, and he would do what he believed in.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
于是他开始选址,开始做多方面的调查和考察。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
So, he began to choose the location and conduct various investigations and surveys.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
昆山的还有外地的经验和教训给了他很多启示。首先在选址上,他果断地否 定了在远离城区的地方,也否定了在老城区基础上的方案。远了,基础设施没有可 以利用的条件,开发费用必然大大增加;近了,在老城区,也不行。老城区4平方公 里,人口早已突破5万,按规定,人均100平方米,这个标准已经是超过了,怎么可能在旧址上再建造ー个新的开发区?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The experiences and lessons from Kunshan and other places provided him with many insights. First of all, in terms of site selection, he decisively rejected the idea of choosing a location far from the urban area, as well as the plan based on the old urban area. If it's too far, there would be no available infrastructure to utilize, and the development costs would inevitably increase significantly. If it's too close, in the old city, that wouldn't work either. The old city area covers 4 square kilometers, and the population has already exceeded 50,000. According to the regulations, the standard is 100 square meters per person. This standard has already been surpassed. How could it be possible to build a new development zone on the old site?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
于是选择县城东边的一片土地。这里紧靠苏沪公路,交通极发达,又和老城区 紧紧相连,有不少事可以借助现有的力量。再说,这里已经有了几个不大的工厂, 要发展,也算有一定的基础……
 +
 
 +
 
 +
So, a piece of land on the east side of the county town was chosen. This location is close to the Su-Hu Expressway, which has highly developed transportation, and is closely connected to the old city area, allowing for many things to be accomplished with the help of existing resources. Moreover, there are already several small factories here, providing a certain foundation for development...
 +
 
 +
 
 +
他把上海的、苏州的和南京的规划专家请了来,一遍遍地考察,一次次地论证。 省里还在昆山召开规划论证会给予支持……
 +
 
 +
 
 +
He invited planning experts from Shanghai, Suzhou, and Nanjing to conduct numerous field investigations and evaluations. The provincial government also held planning conferences in Kunshan to provide support...
 +
 
 +
 
 +
七、沉重的搬迁
 +
 
 +
 
 +
7 The Heavy Relocation
 +
 
 +
 
 +
规划只是ー个梦、ー张纸上的蓝图,实施却是ー种艰苦卓绝的战斗一苦就苦 在既要开发,而又不可能向上面要一分钱,苦就苦在既要与方方面面打交道争取他 们的支持,而在事实上又只能偷偷摸摸地进行!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Planning is just a dream, a blueprint; implementation, however, is a bitter and arduous battle. The struggle lies in the need for development without expecting any funding from higher authorities. It is also difficult to secure support from various parties while in reality, everything has to be carried out covertly. 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
吴克铃担任了新区的总指挥。接着他调兵遣将,把城建局裴局长和陈副局长 推到了第一线,后来王接任局长也被派到了新区。有的事做得很辛苦,但起点不 高,他看了就不客气地批评,也正是伴随着各种议论和怨言,开发区一天天地在改 变面貌。1988年,开发区从“地下”转到“地上”，6月4日,他又派县委副书记石泉 忠担任常务副总指挥。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Wu Kequan took charge as the commander-in-chief of the development zone.  He then made personnel arrangements, assigning the director and deputy director of the Urban Construction Bureau, Pei and Chen, to key positions in the new development zone. Later, Wang, who succeeded as the director, was also assigned to the new development zone. Some tasks were very challenging, and if the results were not up to his expectations, he would not hesitate to criticize candidly. As various discussions and complaints accompanied the process, the development zone gradually transformed day by day. In 1988, the development zone shifted from "underground" to "above ground." On June 4th, he appointed Shi Quan Zhong, the deputy secretary of the county committee, as the executive deputy commander-in-chief.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
新区指挥部就设在娄江河边。只有几间平房,简陋得不如农民的灶屋。斜对 面是金星电视机分厂,与那高大整齐的厂房、办公楼相比,它就显得更加寒酸。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The new development zone's headquarters were set up by the Loujiang River. It consisted of only a few simple single-story houses, even more rudimentary than the farmers' kitchen huts. Diagonally across was the Shanghai Jin Xing Television Factory Kunshan branch, and compared to the tall and neatly arranged factory buildings and office buildings, it appeared even more humble.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
这使我想起了延安的窑洞和“干打垒”。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
This reminded me of the cave dwellings and "dry brick building" in Yan'an.
 +
 
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就在这里,吴克铃把ー张地图挂到了墙上,图上的线条如蛛网密布,每ー根线 都意味着ー场耗人心血的苦斗。
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It was here that Wu Kequan hung a map on the wall, with lines densely covering it like a spider web. Each line represented a painstaking battle that consumed a great deal of effort.
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搬迁难,难于上青天!你说要开发エ业区,他不相信,以为是哄小孩,骗他们。 封建和封闭是季生的ー对。对黄土地的眷恋和对新生活的怀疑使他们宁可选择过 去也要抵制未来。以前因为规定一个范围内不准造房,农民结伙起哄,把大队办公 室的桌子都掀翻过几次。
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Relocation is difficult, as hard as ascending to the heavens! When people hear about the plan to develop an industrial zone, they don't believe it, thinking it's just a trick to deceive them like telling stories to children. Feudalism and isolation are twin constraints. Their attachment to the loess land and their doubts about a new life make them prefer to choose the past and resist the future. In the past, due to regulations prohibiting construction within a certain area, the farmers would band together, creating a commotion and overturning the tables in the collective's office several times.
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搬迁,新区开发工作的一个不大的组成部分。但就是这,也不知要耗费多少 精力!
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Relocation is just a small part of the new development zone's work. However, it is not known how much effort will be expended on this!
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最紧张、最困难的是朝阳路的拓宽改造,它牵涉到18个单位,拆除房屋面积达 6894平方米,绝大多数又是无偿拆除。为了保证工程的顺利进展,吴克铃亲自做 了动员,又和石泉忠研究了具体的方案。这条路正好在苏沪交通要道上,每天7000 至8000辆的车流量！又不能断路,只好边通车边施工。下雨天,车的钢铁、路的泥 泞,还有人的焦躁组合成一个现代的古战场。争吵摩擦、骂天骂地、拔拳相向也并非绝无仅有,但无论多么纷繁复杂,无论多么恨之入骨,到后来,说明了情由取得了 谅解,双方一个“罢了”的眼神,ー支和解的香烟,还有握别时潇洒的一挥手,都见 出来ー种“改革了”,大家都要忙自己的了。所以“请多关照”的务实精神,也正是 这种精神,使得拓宽筑路始终没出ー个大的事故,这在专业部门看来,也是极为难 能可贵的
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The most tense and difficult task is the widening and renovation of Chaoyang Road, which involves 18 units and the demolition of 6,894 square meters of housing, the vast majority of which is non-compensated demolition. To ensure the smooth progress of the project, Wu Kequan personally carried out mobilization work and together with Shiquan Zhong, studied specific plans. This road is strategically located between Suzhou and Shanghai, with a daily traffic volume of 7,000 to 8,000 vehicles.  Construction must proceed without disrupting traffic, so vehicles and construction coexist side by side. On rainy days, the combination of car steel, muddy roads, and people's irritability creates a modern version of an ancient battlefield. Arguments, curses, and even physical confrontations are not uncommon. However, no matter how chaotic or intense the conflict is, once the reasons are explained and forgiveness is granted, both parties exchange a "let it be" glance, share a reconciliatory cigarette, and wave goodbye with nonchalance. It demonstrates an understanding of the need for "reform," and that everyone has their own responsibilities to attend to. The practical spirit behind the Chinese saying "请多关照" (please take care of each other) is also what has kept the road expansion project accident-free, which is considered a valuable achievement by professional departments.
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在“偷偷摸摸”的心境下埋头苦干,在得到认可之后便轰轰烈烈地建设。规划 是富丽的,实施却是勤俭的、踏实的。只要隔个十天半月,新区就会给人ー种新鲜 感。脚下的路,每时每刻都在延伸……
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Under the mindset of working diligently and discreetly, construction proceeds with great enthusiasm once approval is granted. Planning is grand and luxurious, while implementation is frugal and down-to-earth. Every couple of weeks, the new zone brings a sense of freshness to people. The road beneath their feet is constantly extending...
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新区并不是一座“孤岛”,它和老城区是ー个完整的构思。新区是在ー张白纸 上画图,老区却要在画好的图纸上进行修改。从某种意义上说,老区的改造比新区 的建设还要难。
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The new development zone is not an "isolated island"; it is a part of a complete concept with the old urban area.  The new development zone is designed on a blank canvas, while the old district needs modifications on an existing blueprint.  In a sense, the transformation of the old district is even more challenging than the construction of the new one.
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无论是新区还是老区,最基础、最关键的都是ー个字:路。
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Regardless of whether it is a new or old district, the most fundamental and crucial element is one word: road.
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路是线条路,是骨架路,是蓝图的筋络,甚至还可以说路就是规划本身。
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Roads are lines, skeletons, the framework of a blueprint, and one could even say that roads are the planning itself.
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在我的记忆中,老城多为“裤裆巷”。裤裆巷没有故事也没有风流,有的只是 马桶刷子和“龙须沟”。不过,小城的人也习惯了,“文革” 1〇年,照样闹得天翻地 覆;噩梦过去,也仍然一天一天地沾沾自喜着,活得自在、活得舒服、活得坦然。只 是到了 !984年的元宵节,小城的平静オ被打破,于是小城也有了故事。
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In my memory, the old town was filled with "crotch alleys.” These alleys had no stories or romantic charm, only toilet brushes and "dragon beard ditches.”  However, the people of the small town were accustomed to it; they lived through the tumultuous ten years of the Cultural Revolution, and after the nightmare passed, they continued to live comfortably and contentedly day by day. It wasn't until the Lantern Festival in 1984 that the tranquility of the small town was disrupted, and thus the town began to have its stories. 
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元宵灯会,不算什么大的事,昆山的父母官们却专门开会,还成立了一个指挥 部。县委书记蔡长林和吴克铃都是谨慎的,他们担心看灯的人太多而道路太窄,结 果观灯的人数还是远远超过了事先的估计。倾城而出,一下子就把街道胀得饱嗝 连天,老态龙钟的小城颤颤巍巍地发出了既快乐又痛苦的呻吟。现场指挥是副县 长徐崇嘉,他提着报话机,站在粮管所的楼上喊得喉咙嘶哑也无济于事。拥挤不堪 的观灯群众潮水一般在一瞬间就把整个小城的主要街道淹没了。据事后“清场” 的人说,被挤掉的鞋子收拢来能够装满ー辆小板车……
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The Lantern Festival was not a significant event, yet the local parental officials in Kunshan held a special meeting and established a command center.  The county party secretary, Cai Changlin, and Wu Kequan were both cautious, worrying that the large crowds coming to see the lanterns would overwhelm the narrow roads. In the end, the number of people who came to see the lanterns far exceeded their initial estimates. People swarmed the streets, quickly filling them to capacity, making the old town resonate with a mixture of joy and pain. The on-site commander, Deputy County Mayor Xu Chongjia, stood on the roof of the Grain Management Office with his megaphone, shouting until his throat was hoarse, but it was of no avail.  The overwhelming crowd of lantern viewers flooded the main streets of the small town in an instant.  According to those who cleared the scene afterward, the shoes that had been squeezed off could fill a small flatbed truck...
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老城区非改造不可!
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The old urban area had to be transformed! 
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吴克铃当副县长时,就做了两件事,第一件事是改造农民的草房,第二件事就 是拓宽人民路。在县委和老县长孙福贵的支持下,他下决心在1〇米基础上翻ー 番,扩到20米。虽然很难,有些人想不通,又有些人到上面告状,但吴克铃认为,昆 山要起步,必须甩掉包袱,大拆大建一
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东西向三条马路,南北向一条主要干道,再加上环城公路,“三横ー竖ー转 圈”,这就是全城人都知道的道路改建规划。
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When Wu Kequan was the Deputy County Mayor, he took on two tasks: the first was to renovate the farmers' thatched houses, and the second was to widen People's Road. With the support of the County Party Committee and the former county magistrate, Sun Fugui, he was determined to double the road's width from 10 meters to 20 meters. Although it was difficult and some people couldn't understand, and some even complained to higher authorities, Wu Kequan believed that for Kunshan to take off, it was necessary to shed its burdens and engage in large-scale demolition and construction. Three east-west roads, one main north-south artery, and a ring road formed the "three horizontal, one vertical, and one circular" pattern, which was the well-known road reconstruction plan for the entire city.
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也许你很难相信县长会做“乞丐”,但我们所有的县长都做过“乞丐”。城建三 年包干经费是600万元,实际支出是!480万元。还有880万元从哪里来?其中一 条重要来源就是县长做“乞丐”讨来的!
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You might find it hard to believe that a county mayor would act as a "beggar," but all of our county mayors have played the role of "beggar.” The three-year budget for urban construction was 6 million yuan, but the actual expenditure was 14.8 million yuan.  Where would the remaining 8.8 million yuan come from? One important source was the county chiefs acting as "beggars" and soliciting funds!
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吴克铃是第一个“乞丐”。
 +
 
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Wu Kequan was the first "beggar.” 
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他说,我既做“叫花子”,又做“强叫花子”。那意思很清楚:他晓得你底细,知 道财政包干任务不重,你有钱,要是不给,那就不客气地摊你底牌,做“强叫花子”。 所以,他讨钱,不敢不给。
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He said that he played both the role of a "beggar" and a "demanding beggar.” The meaning was clear: he was aware of the financial situations of various parties, and if he knew they had money and didn't contribute, he wouldn't hesitate to expose their financial secrets and play the "demanding beggar.” As a result, when he asked for money, people dared not refuse. However, when it was Xu Chongjia's turn to solicit funds, it became more difficult.
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轮到徐崇嘉讨钱时就难了。他只好反反复复苦巴巴地求情,说事情多么多么 重要,而办事的人又多么多么可怜,所以希望局长行长厂长经理兄弟哥儿们,发发 慈悲行行好给个三万五万也好把路铺下去……就这么说着他动了感情,当着那么 多中层干部的面竟也忍不住流下泪来……
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When it was Xu Chongjia's turn to solicit funds, it became more difficult. He had no choice but to repeatedly plead, explaining how important the matter was and how pitiful the people who were working on it were. He hoped that the bureau chiefs, bank chiefs, factory directors, and managers would show some compassion and contribute thirty or fifty thousand yuan to help pave the road. As he spoke, he became emotional and, in front of many middle-level cadres, he couldn't help but shed tears.
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哦,县长哭了 !县长不为自己哭,他是为干事业哭,为人民谋幸福哭,ー个不想 干事业不想为人民谋幸福的人,怎么肯去做“乞丐”?又怎么可能在这种场合流眼 泪呢?
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Oh, the county mayor cried! He didn't cry for himself; he cried for the cause, for the happiness of the people. A person who doesn't want to work for the cause or seek happiness for the people wouldn't be willing to become a "beggar" and wouldn't possibly shed tears in such a situation.
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当然,资金也不全靠乞讨,必要时,就得看“吴老板”在资金上能不能给予支持。
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Of course, funding didn't solely rely on begging; when necessary, they had to rely on the support of "Boss Wu" in terms of funding.
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浦江路计划铺柏油路,后改为水泥路,这就要增加100万元。吴克铃一再强 调,主要干道不能搞“裤裆巷”,不能三年两年破开了肠子再缝起来。这就要“一步 到位” 〇徐的想法正合他意,他便说:“好,再给你!00万元。”
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The plan for Pujiang Road was initially to pave it with asphalt, but it was later changed to concrete, which required an additional 1 million yuan. Wu Kequan repeatedly emphasized that the main roads should not be like "narrow alleys," and they couldn't be torn open and sewn back together every two or three years.  This required getting it right in "one step." Xu's idea was in line with his thinking, so he said, "Alright, I'll give you another 100,000 yuan.”
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这期间,玉山城建办公室两个副镇长全力以赴,ー个是周,技术型的实干家;另 ー个就是潘,主要搞拆迁,3年动迁近千户人家,差不多平均ー天一户,那个烦,那 个难,常人无法想象。好在两个人搭档,文戏武戏都唱得来。他们还有个后台“老 板”一镇党委书记俞寿金,俞对他们说:“大胆放手去做,得罪人也不要怕,党委 支持你们。”
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During this period, two deputy town chiefs from the Yushan Urban Construction Office went all out. During this period, two deputy town mayors from the Yushan Urban Construction Office went all out. In three years, nearly a thousand households were relocated, averaging almost one household per day. The difficulties and challenges they faced were beyond the imagination of ordinary people. Fortunately, the two deputies formed a great partnership and were able to handle both civil and martial tasks effectively.  They also had the support of their "boss" behind the scenes, the town party committee secretary, Yu Shoujin. Yu told them, "Go ahead and do your job boldly, don't be afraid of offending people, the party committee supports you.”
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说是这么说,告状的人总是有,告潘也告周,告俞也告徐。徐的“后台老板”吴 克铃知道了,他能够体会到ー个人在背后遭到暗算时的心情,就对徐说:“这没有什 么,要告,叫他们来告我!”
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Though that was the case, there were always people who would file complaints, against Pan, Zhou, Yu, and even Xu.  When Xu's "boss" Wu Kequan found out, he was able to empathize with the feeling of being secretly targeted. He told Xu, "Don't worry about it; if they want to complain, let them come and complain to me!”
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ハ、路的延伸
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8 The Road Extension
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新区和老区比翼齐飞,而从这里构思和铺开了头的道路也逐步朝乡区辐射,向 921平方公里的河湖港汉中延伸。
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The new and old zones are thriving together, and the roads that originate and expand from here gradually radiate towards Chaoyang district, extending into the 921 square kilometers of rivers, lakes, and ports within the region.
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昆山多水多桥,曲里拐弯的河、星罗棋布的湖以及成百上千的大小桥梁,把全 县勾画成一幅旖旎无比的图画。在这里,田园便是公园,整个县城便是ー个园林式 的“威尼斯”。美则美矣,但从发展经济的角度、从古老的封闭文明向现代的开放
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文明过渡的需要来看,就有些美中不足,就生生地少了一个字:路。
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Kunshan is rich in water and bridges, with winding rivers, a dense network of lakes, and hundreds of large and small bridges, drawing the entire county into an incomparably beautiful picture. Here, the countryside is a park, and the whole county is like a garden-style "Venice". It is indeed beautiful, but from the perspective of economic development and the need to transition from an ancient closed civilization to a modern open civilization, it is somewhat inadequate. One crucial word is missing: roads.
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提起路,昆山无人不知老县长孙福贵走的乡路最多。他在当县长的几年中,带 着秘书跑遍了全县每ー个大队（村）,无论刮风下雨,无论冰天雪地,也无论酷暑当 头,他的办公室永远在田头路边。现在他已是县人大常委会主任。因为他走的路 最多,体会特深,所以他对吴克铃关于路的规划也特别支持。在ー次人大常委会讨 论这个问题时他突然中风,经过抢救好不容易オ脱离危险,但他仍然念念不忘农村 公路的建设,还是抱病听汇报,ー起修订规划。他还和徐崇嘉一起带上秘书小陈, 多次下乡察看线路。有一次夏日如火,跑了 20多里后到ー个镇上停下来,秘书浑 身乏力得不想进一粒米,病中的孙福贵累到什么地步更是可想而知。
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When it comes to roads, everyone in Kunshan knows that the former county mayor Sun Fugui walked on the country roads the most.” During his years as county mayor, he traveled to every brigade(village) in the county with his secretary, regardless of wind, rain, ice, snow, or scorching heat. His office was always on the side of a field road. Now he is the director of the Standing Committee of the County People's Congress. Because he has walked the most roads and has a deep understanding, he strongly supports Wu Kequan's road planning. During the discussion of this issue at the next Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, he suddenly had a stroke. After a difficult rescue, he was finally out of danger, but he still couldn't forget the construction of rural highways and insisted on listening to reports and revising the plan even while ill. He also accompanied Xu Chongjia, along with his secretary Xiao Chen, on several trips to inspect the rural roads. Once, on a scorching summer day, they traveled more than 20 miles to a town and stopped. The secretary was so exhausted that he didn't want to eat anything, and one can only imagine how tired Sun Fugui, who was ill, must have been.
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吴克铃深感路对于发展经济的重要性。他接任县长的第三年,就实现了乡乡 通公路。交通局的两任局长陆宗敏和钱长明付出了艰苦的努力。到去年,总通车 里程延长到186公里,其间修建、改造的大中小桥梁就有264座。
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Wu Kequan deeply understood the importance of roads for economic development. In the third year after he took office as the county head, he managed to connect all the townships with highways.  The two successive directors of the Transportation Bureau, Lu Zongmin and Qian Changming, put in tremendous efforts. By last year, the total highway distance reached 186 kilometers, with 264 large, medium, and small bridges built or renovated during this time.
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多水多桥使昆山的公路要比别处多投入几倍甚至十几倍的资金。1公里柏油 路要20万元,水泥混凝土路则要40万至45万元。路是用“大团结”ー张ー张地铺 起来的!
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Due to the numerous rivers and bridges in Kunshan, the investment required for building highways there is several times, or even more than ten times, higher than in other places.  One kilometer of asphalt road costs 200,000 yuan, while a cement concrete road requires 400,000 to 450,000 yuan. The roads were built piece by piece through "great unity"!
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钱不会从天上掉下来。国家只有一个口袋,你能“掏”多少?吴克铃来了一个 “四拼盘”:国家投入一点,地方负担一点,企业支持一点,交通部门挤出一点。人、 财、物,全从这个“拼盘”里出。说得通俗一点,还是那句老话:自力更生。
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Money doesn't fall from the sky. The state has only one pocket, so how much can you "take out"? Wu Kequan came up with a "four-part plan": the state invests a little, the local government bears some costs, enterprises provide support, and the transportation department contributes as well. Human resources, finances, and materials all come from this "four-part plan.” To put it simply, it's about self-reliance. 
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社会主义建设不搞自力更生只能是乌托邦,或者就必须换ー个称呼不叫社会 主义而叫另外的一个什么“主义”。
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In the construction of socialism, without self-reliance, it would only be a utopia, or we would have to change the name to something other than socialism.
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偏僻的金家庄一条路筑通后,受益的农民取党委书记潘的谐音喊他“潘大 人”,那么全县乡乡通公路,71%的村通公路并且是泥石路向黑色化（柏油路面）和 灰色化（水泥混凝土路面）改造,对此,老百姓又该怎么称赞吴克铃呢?
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When a remote road in Jinjiazhuang was built, benefiting the local farmers, they nicknamed the party committee secretary Pan as "Pan Daren," a name derived from the homophonic sound of his name. With highways connected in every township across the county and 71% of the villages connected by roads that were transformed from dirt to black asphalt or gray cement concrete surfaces, how should the people express their gratitude to Wu Kequan?
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吴克铃的思路当然不仅仅是字面上所说的一条“路”,实际上,公路在向城区 周围延伸的同时,政治、经济、观念和文化也由县城延伸和辐射到乡镇、村落。
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Wu Kequan's approach is not limited to the literal meaning of a "road." In fact, as the highways extend towards the urban areas, politics, economy, ideas, and culture also spread and radiate from the county seat to the townships and villages.
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经济开发区,无论上面知道不知道、承认不承认,也无论外面怎么议论、怎么评 头论足,它的实际作用已经发挥出来,并且很快被其他乡镇领导所接受和效仿。路 在延伸,其更深ー层意义上的效益在这里被聪明的昆山人做出了更为精彩的文章。
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The economic development zone, regardless of whether it is recognized or acknowledged by the authorities or debated and evaluated by outsiders, has already demonstrated its practical impact and has been quickly accepted and emulated by other township leaders. As the roads extend, the deeper benefits are brilliantly demonstrated by the clever people of Kunshan.
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全县20个乡镇,建起了 15个各具特色的自费经济开发区、220家企业,1989 年的产值有1〇亿多,占全县エ业总产值的25% 〇
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In the 20 townships across the county, 15 self-funded economic development zones with unique features have been established, along with 220 enterprises. In 1989, their output value exceeded 10 billion yuan, accounting for 25% of the county's total industrial output value.
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现在我们回过头来,看看由吴克铃直接管理的自费经济开发区的路是怎么走 过来的。
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Now, let's take a look back at how the self-funded economic development zones, which were directly managed by Wu Kequan, came about.
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由于是“偷偷摸摸”,所以开发区一直在使暗劲,它默默地、悄悄地孕育着自己 的辉煌。
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Due to their "clandestine" nature, the development zones had been working discreetly, quietly nurturing their own brilliance.
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然而,也正因为是自立、自建、自费开发,没有得到上面的认可,更谈不上批准 在册,所以在没有得到权威性的肯定之前,吴克铃的心总是悬着的。
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However, it was precisely this self-reliance, self-construction, and self-funding that left the development zone without official recognition or approval. As a result, Wu Kequan's mind was always filled with apprehension, awaiting authoritative affirmation.
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不过,ー个开发区,ー个牵涉方方面面的经济区域,怎么可能始终保密,一点风 声也不透出去呢?
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But how could it be possible for an entire development zone, an economic area with intricate connections and multiple facets, to remain completely hidden without even a whisper of information getting out?
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1986年秋,省委书记韩培信到了昆山。这可使蔡长林和吴克铃犯了难:开发 区的事要不要向他汇报呢?那一片虽然就在县城东侧,但至今还小心翼翼地对外 保密的地方要不要让他看ー看呢?
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In the autumn of 1986, Han Peixin, the provincial Party Secretary, paid a visit to Kunshan. This visit placed Cai Changlin and Wu Kequan in a difficult position: should they reveal the existence of the development zone to Han Peixin? Should they allow him to take a glimpse of the area they had been meticulously keeping secret, situated just to the east of the county town?
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再三犹豫,还是没敢汇报。
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After much hesitation and deliberation, they ultimately decided against reporting the development zone.
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但是陪同的市委副书记林瑞章说:“不要紧!去看看吧……”
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However, Lin Ruizhang, the accompanying Deputy Party Secretary of the city, reassured them, saying, "Don't worry! Let's go take a look...”
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吴克铃和蔡长林被“逼上梁山”,只好让“丑媳妇”去见“公婆”。
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Feeling cornered, Wu Kequan and Cai Changlin had no choice but to reluctantly reveal their "ugly bride" - the secret development zone - to the "in-laws," the higher authorities.
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韩培信边看边听汇报边思考,然后,回到招待所,对吴克铃说:“搞得不错嘛! 你把开发区的总体构思说说看。”
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As Han Peixin toured the area, listened to reports, and contemplated the situation, he seemed impressed. After returning to the guesthouse, he told Wu Kequan, "You've done quite well! Tell me about the overall concept of the development zone.”
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吴克铃已经感觉出来,韩培信丝毫没有要批评责备的意思,倒表现出了浓厚的 兴趣,所以连数据都要反复问清楚。吴克铃有了这个小小的但是非常了不得的 “底”,说话就放开了,他如数家珍,从头至今,娓娓道来……
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Wu Kequan could sense that Han Peixin had no intention of criticizing or blaming them. Instead, he displayed a strong interest, even inquiring about the details and data. With this small but incredibly significant "trump card," Wu Kequan became more confident in discussing the project. He recounted the entire story, from its inception until now, in great detail.
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可以说,这次韩培信昆山之行是整个经济开发区从“地下”走向“公开”的转 折点。
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It could be said that Han Peixin's visit to Kunshan marked a turning point for the development zone, transitioning from being "underground" to becoming "public.”
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回到南京,韩培信在省委常委会上讲了昆山自费搞开发区的事,建议有可能的 话都到那里去看看……
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After returning to Nanjing, Han Peixin discussed Kunshan's self-funded development zone at a provincial Party standing committee meeting, suggesting that others should visit the area if possible.
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没过多久,省委副书记沈达人、省长顾秀莲、副书记孙家正先后到了昆山,县里 的乡镇的开发区都看了,很高兴,很肯定。在当年的省人代会上,顾秀莲在省政府 工作报告中还专门提到了昆山的经济技术开发区。
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Before long, Deputy Party Secretary Shen Daren, Governor Gu Xiulian, and Deputy Secretary Sun Jiazheng visited Kunshan one after another. They toured the development zones in the county and townships, expressing satisfaction and affirmation. At that year's provincial People's Congress, Gu Xiulian even mentioned Kunshan's economic and technological development zone in the provincial government's work report.
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吴克铃从此放开手脚了。他紧紧抓住这个好机会,立即打报告到市里、省里, 征用了土地,并且在原有开发3.75平方公里的基础上又向南区延扩,开发区的规 划确定为6.18平方公里。
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From then on, Wu Kequan seized the opportunity and proceeded without restraint. He quickly submitted reports to the city and provincial governments, requisitioned land, and expanded the original 3.75 square kilometers of development southward. The final plan for the development zone was set at 6.18 square kilometers.
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也就在这年冬天,中央和上海的党政领导来到昆山,在县委书记毛阳青和县长 吴克铃的陪同下参观了开发区,给予了充分的肯定和赞扬。
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It was during that winter when the central and Shanghai party and government leaders visited Kunshan. Accompanied by County Party Secretary Mao Yangqing and County Mayor Wu Kequan, they toured the development zone and gave their full affirmation and praise.
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开发区一炮打响,但开发区的设计者吴克铃的儿子却生病住进了医院。
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The development zone made a great start, but Wu Kequan, its designer, faced a personal challenge as his son fell ill and was hospitalized.
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九、“爸爸,快救救我”
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9 "Dad, please save me”
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横向联合的势头正旺,吴克铃紧张地穿梭于上海、苏州、南京、北京和“三线” 厂之间,洽谈接待的日程安排得满满的。偏偏这时候妻子又生病在上海住院,他照 应不了妻子也顾不了儿子,儿子要考电大复习功课自然也顾不了爸爸,父子俩谁也 顾不上谁。有时候很晚了,爸爸回家,看一眼神色疲惫的儿子就不忍心再打搅他, 而是自己动手下ー碗面条便休息。
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Amidst the thriving momentum of horizontal collaboration, Wu Kequan was busy traveling between Shanghai, Suzhou, Nanjing, Beijing, and the "third tier" factories, with a packed schedule of negotiations and receptions. Just at this juncture, his wife fell seriously ill and had to be hospitalized in Shanghai. Amidst this crisis, he found himself unable to attend to his wife or his son. Meanwhile, his son, engrossed in his preparation for the university entrance exams, with a specific aim at Kunshan Radio & Television University, naturally found himself unable to care for his father. In these trying times, both father and son found themselves unable to look out for each other. Sometimes, when Wu Kequa n came home late at night, he would see his exhausted son and couldn't bring himself to disturb him. Instead, he would quietly make a bowl of noodles for himself and then rest.
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这天,他接待了金星电视机厂的客人,因为双方的发展意向完全一致,所以大 家都很开心,他不会喝酒,便用饮料表示自己的一片诚意。本来晚上他还要到陈墓 镇去,不知是谁提醒他:明天还要做报告,是不是稍微早一点休息,是不是就别再下 乡了?或许是冥冥之中有什么安排吧!按往常惯例他不会同意的,但这一次他居 然点了下头,他让办公室主任沈到陈墓去,自己就回家了。
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One day, he received guests from Shanghai Jin Xing Television Factory. As both parties had completely aligned development intentions, everyone was very happy. Wu Kequan didn't drink, so he used a beverage to express his sincerity. Originally, he was supposed to visit Chenmu Town that evening. However, someone reminded him that he had a presentation the next day, suggesting that he should rest a bit earlier and perhaps skip the visit to the countryside. Maybe it was fate that intervened! Normally, he wouldn't have agreed, but this time he surprisingly nodded in agreement. He asked his office director, Shen, to go to Chenmu instead while he returned home.
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家在三楼,不算很高,但他爬得很吃カ。工作时再累也会聚精会神,一旦想到 休息要放松一下,全身就像散了架似的一股脑儿往下瘫,他好不容易オ摸出钥匙 开门。
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His home was on the third floor, not too high, but he found going up the stairs especially tiring that day. When working, no matter how tired he was, he would always focus intently. But as soon as he thought of resting and relaxing, his entire body would feel like it was collapsing, as if all his energy was draining away. He barely managed to find his keys and unlock the door.
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门开了,灯亮着,却没有声音。此时此刻,连日劳累的他多么需要有人端上来 一杯茶,体贴地送上来ー个亲切温暖的微笑啊!但妻子在上海住院,病人更需要有 人陪伴,他没有尽到这个义务,又怎么能奢望其他?
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Upon opening the door, he found the lights on, but there was no sound. At this very moment, after days of exhaustion, he longed for someone to offer him a cup of tea and a warm, caring smile. However, with his wife hospitalized in Shanghai and needing even more companionship, he couldn't fulfill that responsibility, so how could he expect anything in return?
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然而,儿子小江是在家的呀,往日回来了他总要招呼一声的,今天怎么不见人, 也没有声音?
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Nevertheless, his son Xiaojiang was supposed to be home. Usually, when he returned, his son would greet him. But today, there was no sign of him and no sound.
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他轻轻推开儿子的房门,不在。正诧异,隐约听得卫生间有微弱的呻吟声。他 的心骤然ー紧,赶快过去ー看,只见小江脸色惨白地蜷曲在地上。小江看见爸爸, 泪水潸然直下,艰难而又急迫地哀求道:“爸爸,快救救我……”
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He gently pushed open his son's bedroom door, but he wasn't there. Just as he was growing puzzled, he faintly heard weak groaning coming from the bathroom. His mind suddenly tightened, and he rushed over to see Xiaojiang curled up on the floor, his face deathly pale. Upon seeing his father, Xiaojiang's tears flowed freely, and he pleaded with difficulty and urgency, "Dad, please save me..."
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秘书的门被县长敲开了 :“快,帮帮忙……”
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The secretary's door was knocked open by the county chief, "Quick, please help...”
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县人民医院急诊室,县长心急如焚地守候在已经痛得没有力气喊痛的儿子身 边。只查出白细胞高,却不知是什么病;只晓得满肚满肠子的绞痛,却又吃不准到 底痛在哪ー个部位。
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In the emergency room of the county hospital, the county mayor anxiously waited by the side of his son, who was in so much pain that he had no strength left to cry out. The tests revealed elevated white blood cell levels, but the exact cause of the illness remained unknown. All they knew was that there was a severe pain throughout his stomach and intestines, but they couldn't pinpoint the exact location of the pain.
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怎么办?他束手无策,只能用企盼和恳求的眼光望着医生,那神色分明在说: “求你们,救救我儿子……”
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Feeling helpless, he could only look at the doctors with pleading eyes, as if saying, "Please, save my son...”
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医生只好来个“急办法”，“中间开刀”,开出来再找病因,救人要紧,救命要 紧啊!
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The doctors, realizing the urgency of the situation, decided to perform an exploratory surgery to find the cause of the problem.
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吴克铃也顾不上许多就急急地签了字。
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Knowing that saving his son's life was the top priority, Wu Kequan hurriedly signed the consent form.
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儿子被推进了手术室。
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他的心他的一切也都被带进那个生死未卜的白色世界里去了。
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His son was wheeled into the operating room, and Wu Kequan's heart and soul went with him into that uncertain world.
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见惯了各种疑难险重病人的医生,这次却表现出惊愕与困惑:开刀后,见到的全是脓!血与脓、脓与肉一片模糊!
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The experienced doctors, who had seen countless challenging cases, were astonished and baffled by what they found during the surgery: pus and blood everywhere!
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县长的儿子病了怎么拖到这种可怕的地步オ来开刀?
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How could the son of the county mayor have let his illness progress to such a terrifying state before seeking treatment?
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阑尾穿孔成了严重的腹膜炎,要是再晚ー个小时来医院,就是华佗转世、扁鹊 再生恐怕也无能为カ了。
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The boy's appendix had ruptured, leading to severe peritonitis. If they had arrived at the hospital even an hour later, it might have been too late for even the most skilled doctors, such as Hua Tuo or Bian Que, to save him.
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假如,吴克铃晚上到陈墓镇去了呢?
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What would have happened if Wu Kequan had gone to Chenmu Town that night instead?
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这一夜,他没有也不可能合眼,尽管他知道自己没有方法减轻儿子的痛苦,但 他仍然要静静地守候在儿子的病床前,他觉得唯有如此,才能略微补偿ー下心中的 愧疚。
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That night, Wu Kequan couldn't and wouldn't close his eyes. Although he knew he couldn't alleviate his son's pain, he still chose to quietly stand by his bedside, hoping to slightly make up for the guilt he felt in his heart.
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第二天一早,儿子在发高烧,昏迷中喊着“爸爸”和“妈妈”。妈妈在上海,也在 住院,爸爸就在病床前,可是爸爸又不得不支撑着站起来一他还要去做报告〇
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The next morning, his son was running a high fever, calling out for his father and mother in his delirium. His mother was in the hospital in Shanghai, and his father was right by his bedside. However, Wu Kequan had no choice but to stand up and continue with his responsibilities – he had to give a presentation.
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他丢下病中的儿子,然后强制着平复了一下自己的心绪,就到电影院去做报告 了。报告的内容不是别的,就是关于昆山的经济开发区一现在他不再担心什么 了,再也用不着偷偷摸摸地搞了。他伸直了腰,理直气壮地宣讲建设开发区的必要 性和可能性,讲开发区已经取得的成就、各方面的评价和今后的打算……
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He left his sick son behind and forced himself to compose his emotions before heading to the theater to deliver his presentation. The content of the presentation was none other than the economic development zone in Kunshan. . At that moment, he no longer needed to worry or act covertly. He stood tall and confidently spoke about the necessity and possibilities of building the development zone, the achievements it had already made, the various evaluations, and future plans. 
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听得有滋有味、听得全身发热、听得忍不住要为昆山大声呼喊“哦,你真了不 起”的听众们,你们是否知道,为开发区倾注了全部心血的吴克铃县长,此时此刻, 他的内心深处正在为两个病中的亲人流着血……
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The captivated audience, who listened with great interest, felt their bodies heat up with excitement, and couldn't help but want to loudly exclaim, "Oh, Wu Kequan, you're truly amazing!" - were they aware that at that very moment, the county chief who had devoted his whole heart and soul to the development zone was silently bleeding inside for his two sick loved ones?
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第三章昆山有玉玉在其人
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Chapter 3 The Jade of Kunshan Lies in Its People 
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十、大学生多多益善
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10. The More College Graduates, The Better 
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中国必须发展经济。经济上去了,什么话都好说,什么事都好办。离开这个 “中心”去奢谈其他,一切行动、一切思想都可能是“乌托邦” 〇
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China must develop its economy. With a strong economy, it becomes easier to discuss issues and tackle problems. Talking about anything else without focusing on this "core" may lead to unrealistic utopian ideas.
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发展经济需要奉献。不能一说改革就不讲奉献了。吴克铃的所得也许还不如 ー个驾驶员或ー个乡镇企业的看门老大爷,但他做出了最大的奉献。奉献是ー种 精神一人活在世上,总还是要有一点精神的。
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Economic development requires dedication. We cannot stop talking about dedication when it comes to reform. Wu Kequan's income may be less than that of a driver or a gatekeeper in a township enterprise, but he has made the greatest dedication. Dedication is a spirit – people need to have some spirit to live in this world.
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发展经济需要人オ。吴克铃当县长时,全县包括助理工程师在内的技术人员 只有!50人,人才如此奇缺,要使昆山经济多快好省地发展是根本不可能的。吴克 铃把人事局方长林、王桢禄找来,下硬任务:一年300个（引进200,分配100）,只许 多不许少!
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Economic development requires human resources. When Wu Kequan was the county mayor, there were only 150 technical personnel in the county, including assistant engineers. With such a shortage of talent, it was impossible to develop Kunshan's economy quickly and efficiently. Wu Kequan called in the head of the Personnel Bureau, Lin Fangzhang, and Wang Zhenlu, and gave them a tough assignment: within a year, they must bring in 300 talents (200 through recruitment and 100 through allocation), they were allowed to exceed the target but not fall short!
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过去,外地人上门来求人事局想调昆山也调不进,现在,人事局到外地去觅宝
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似的招聘人才,想方设法把你“挖”过来〇
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In the past, people from other places who wanted to transfer to Kunshan couldn't get in through the Personnel Bureau. Now, the bureau is actively searching for talent outside the city, like treasure hunting, and trying various ways to "dig" you over to Kunshan.
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读者也许还记得最早的联营企业“纺丝机实验エ场”,这个企业需要一个懂行 的领导,开始,卢厂长通过上海方面关系三次去某化纤厂,把工程师张昌华借了来。 这个北京化纤学院毕业的大学生,专业知识比较丰富,还翻译过《合成纤维加工手 册》,与人合编过《日英汉纺织エ业词汇》。借用了几个月,便舍不得放了,想调过 来,但张昌华在那边有自己的事业,ー时拿不定主意。吴克铃爱オ如命,他下决心 要把张昌华“挖”过来〇留住人,更要留住心,考虑到张昌华在上海有老母,需要人 照应,妻子出生在上海,到外地工作也不习惯,就采取了果断措施,把她调来昆山, 并且作为昆山常驻上海办事处的工作人员,又通过闸北区政府为其安排了两套房 子,ー套作为办公用,ー套作为住宅用。他又亲自找张谈,诚心希望他能来昆山エ 作。县长考虑得如此周到,他怎么好再推托?没多久,他办好手续调到了昆山……
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Readers might recall the first joint venture, the "Spinning Machine Experimental Base," which needed an experienced leader. Initially, Factory Director Lu visited a particular synthetic fiber factory in Shanghai on three occasions, using his connections, Factory Director Lu managed to recruit Engineer Zhang Changhua. He is a college graduate from Beijing Institute of Synthetic Fibers had extensive professional knowledge. He had translated the "Synthetic Fiber Processing Handbook" and co-edited the "Japanese-English-Chinese Textile Industry Vocabulary" with others. After benefiting from his expertise for a few months, they were hesitant to part ways with him and hoped to bring him on board permanently. However, Zhang Changhua had his own career at his original company and was uncertain about staying for a while. Wu Kequan was determined to have Zhang Changhua join his team. In order to win his heart and keep him in Kunshan, he took decisive measures. Considering that Zhang had an elderly mother in Shanghai who needed care and that his wife was born in Shanghai and might not be comfortable working elsewhere, Wu arranged for her to be transferred to Kunshan and work as a staff member at Kunshan's permanent office in Shanghai. Through the Shanghai Zhabei District government, he also managed to secure two housing units for them, one for office use and the other as a residence. He personally approached Zhang once more, sincerely hoping that he would come to work in Kunshan. Given the thoughtfulness of the county mayor, how could Zhang decline? Before long, he had completed the necessary paperwork and transferred to Kunshan.
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一旦转变了观念,人事工作就搞得有声有色。最多的一年引进了 300人。在 吴克铃任县长的6年中,先后引进1300多人,加上分配的有3000多人。
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Once the mindset was changed, the personnel work was conducted efficiently and effectively. In the busiest year, they recruited 300 people. During Wu Kequan's six-year tenure as the county mayor, more than 1,300 people were introduced, along with over 3,000 assigned personnel.
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三千精兵,十万子弟,昆山的经济,就是这么起飞的。
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With these elite members, Kunshan's economy took off.
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这里还有个小小的插曲,有些人爱嚼舌头,听说外地调来个姓吴的,就说是吴 克铃的亲戚,调来个姓张的,就说是他爱人张德森的亲戚。事实上,ー个也不是。 在ー次会上,他说:“如果说是,也不错;只要能为昆山建设出力,所有引进的人才都 是我的’亲戚’。”
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Here was a small anecdote; some people loved gossiping. When they heard that someone with the last name Wu was transferred from another region, they claimed it was Wu Kequan's relative. If someone with the last name Zhang was transferred, they would say it was the relative of his spouse, Zhang Desen.
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倒是真有一个亲戚,他的妻弟,想要调来昆山,但是他没有同意。
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Interestingly, there was actually a relative who wanted to transfer to Kunshan – his brother-in-law. However, he did not approve of the transfer.
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人才也有嫌多的时候,多的时候更能显出ー个领导者的水平。
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There can be times when there are too many talents, and it's during these times that the capabilities of a leader truly stand out.
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1989年,大学生分配成了一个难题,以前是“抢”,现在是“推”。吴克铃把王桢 禄找去,说:“不能只考虑眼前,急功近利,从昆山经济发展的总体规划来看,眼前用 不着的,将来可能要用,到时候,一下子也急不出来。平常我们和大城市争人才,争 不过他们;现在人家不要,正是ー个机遇。”王和陆就到省人事局要了个名单,全是 国家重点大学的毕业生,居然没人要!吴克铃说:“他们不要,我们要。”于是在计 划外又要了 139个大学生! 1989年,昆山接受和分配的大学毕业生600多人,是历 年来分得最多也是落实单位最快的！
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In 1989, job placement for university graduates became a challenging issue. Previously, it was about competing for talents, but now it had become more about pushing them away.  Wu Kequan spoke to Wang Zhenlu, saying, "We cannot only focus on the immediate needs and be shortsighted. Considering the overall plan for Kunshan's economic development, talents that may not be needed now could be necessary in the future. At that time, we won't be able to get them all at once.” Wang and Lu went to the provincial personnel bureau and requested a list of graduates from national key universities, who surprisingly were not in demand! Wu Kequan said, "If they don't want them, we will take them." As a result, they recruited an additional 139 university graduates outside of their original plan! In 1989, Kunshan accepted and assigned jobs to more than 600 university graduates, marking the highest number and fastest implementation in their history!
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省人事局看到昆山有这种不俗的眼光和非凡的气魄,就到昆山开会,把全省的 人事干部请了来,吴克铃两次到会上发言,他说:“大学生是个宝,人才是个宝,我们 搞经济,建设社会主义,什么都缺,但最缺的还是人才,从很大的程度上说,有了人 ォ就有了一切,所以我们欢迎大学生到昆山来工作……”
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Upon seeing Kunshan's impressive vision and extraordinary boldness, the provincial personnel bureau held a meeting in Kunshan and invited personnel officials from across the province. Wu Kequan spoke twice at the meeting, saying, "University graduates are treasures, and talents are treasures. In developing our economy and building socialism, we lack many things, but what we lack most is talent. To a large extent, having talent means having everything. Therefore, we welcome university graduates to come and work in Kunshan...”
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十ー、走出“误区”
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10. Breaking out of the "Misconception”
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靠分配和引进并不是吴克铃人才观的全部。他ー开始就把教育和培养自己的 人才纳入“昆山之路”的总体构思。
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Relying solely on allocation and recruitment was not the entirety of Wu Kequan's talent philosophy.  From the beginning, he incorporated education and cultivating local talent into his overall plan for the "Kunshan Path.”
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我请宣传部部长陈伯荣谈,他以前是文教局局长,这本账他最清楚。
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I asked Minister Chen Borong from the Publicity Department to talk about it, as he was previously the director of the Bureau of Culture and Education and was most familiar with the situation.
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昆山原先的基础很差,被称作“苏南的苏北”。吴克铃当县长后,和县委书记 蔡长林一起,花了很大力气,使全县的教育总体水平赶上（有的还超过）了苏州发 达地区,这在全省教育系统是一致认可的。
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Kunshan had a poor foundation initially and was referred to as the "Northern Jiangsu of Southern Jiangsu.” After Wu Kequan became the county mayor, he and the county party secretary, Cai Changlin, made great efforts to raise the overall educational level of the entire county, catching up with (and even surpassing) the developed areas of Suzhou. This achievement was unanimously recognized within the province's education system.
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如同经济上的突破ー样,在教育上,要没有独立的思考和独特的措施,怎么可 能在几年中就有大的改观?
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Just like the economic breakthrough, it would have been impossible to see significant improvements in education within a few years without independent thinking and unique measures.
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1983年,昆山开始筹建职业中学,为了省钱,就和经委职校建在ー起,地址就 选在昆山中学后面,共1〇亩地,已经在城建的规划图上圈好。对此,不少人都很满 意,因为毕竟昆山也有了自己的职中,吴克铃却不满意。他和徐崇嘉、陈伯荣ー起 到了现场,经过一番考察,他果断地说,昆中是县里“最高学府”,将来肯定要发展, 这里的土地,一寸也不能动;职业中学不是搞这一所,也不是就搞这么个小的,何况 还有个经委职校,ー共10亩地,无论如何都不够。徐、陈巴不得他说这句话,搬到 别处去,经费势必增加,吴克铃当然考虑到这个,他别的方面“精”得很,昆山人称 “ー支笔”,但对教育,他却是少见的充满大气魄的“大老板” !
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In 1983, Kunshan began planning to establish a vocational high school. To save money, they decided to build it together with the Economic Commission vocational school, choosing a location behind Kunshan High School, with an allocated area of 10 acres already marked on the urban planning map. Many people were satisfied with this, as Kunshan finally had its own vocational high school. However, Wu Kequan was not content with it. Together with Xu Chongjia and Chen Borong, Wu Kequan visited the site. After a thorough investigation, he decisively stated that Kunshan Vocational High School was the county's "highest institution" and would definitely need to expand in the future. Therefore, not even an inch of its land should be touched. As for the vocational high school, it wasn't about establishing just one small school, especially since there was also an Economic Commission vocational school planned. The combined 10-acre area would not be enough, no matter how they looked at it. Xu and Chen were eager for him to say this, as moving to another location would inevitably increase expenses. Wu Kequan, of course, had considered this. In other aspects, he was known for being meticulous, and the people of Kunshan referred to him as "a single pen." However, when it came to education, he was a rarely seen, big-hearted "boss"!
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两个职校都搬了,第一职中在朝阳新村,征地28亩,至今已投资了 200多万 元;经委职校则另外划地50亩,和电大一起,已投入400多万元。
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Both vocational schools were relocated. The first vocational high school was in Chaoyang New Village, with 28 acres of land requisitioned, and more than 2 million yuan invested to date. The Economic Commission vocational school was given another 50 acres of land, together with the radio and Kunshan Radio & Television University, and over 40 million yuan has been invested.
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“教育方面像模像样地花钱,是在吴克铃当县长之后。”陈伯荣这样说,“比如, 全县校舍32万平方米,其中22万平方米主要是1984年以后新建改建的。光!989 年,校舍和教学设备的投资就有1038万元!”
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"Significant spending on education began after Wu Kequan became the county mayor," said Chen Borong. "For example, the county's school buildings cover a total area of 320,000 square meters, with 220,000 square meters primarily built or renovated after 1984. In 1989 alone, the investment in school buildings and teaching equipment amounted to 10.38 million yuan!”
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教师住房,是一大难题,吴克铃下令,每年解决100套! 1985-1987年,真的造 了 300套。但矛盾仍然突出,吴克铃又调度资金,重点投入,1988—1989年两年就 造了 300套。这不仅在昆山历史上从未有过,在整个苏州地区也是罕见的。
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Housing for teachers was a significant challenge. Wu Kequan ordered the resolution of 100 housing units per year! From 1985 to 1987, 300 units were indeed built. However, the problem remained prominent, so Wu Kequan allocated more funds, prioritizing investment. In just two years, from 1988 to 1989, another 300 units were built. This accomplishment was not only unprecedented in Kunshan's history, but also rare in the entire Suzhou.
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公办教师的各项补贴,全部纳入县里财政解决,每人每年600元上下,全县近 4000人,一年就是200多万元一这ー点,苏州各县市包括市区在内,做到的也只 有昆山一家!
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All subsidies for public school teachers were fully covered by the county's finances, amounting to around 600 yuan per person per year. With nearly 4,000 teachers in the county, this amounted to more than 2 million yuan per year. Among all the counties and cities in Suzhou, including the urban area, Kunshan was the only one to achieve this feat!
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民办教师历来“低人一等”,但昆山从!988年开始,对民办教师经济上各项补 贴（副食品补贴除外,因为民办教师都有菜地）和公办教师ー样对待,并且ー样实 行结构エ资制,ー样发给岗位责任奖金……仅这一条,民办教师每人每年收入就提高500元左右。
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Private school teachers had always been considered "inferior" to others. However, starting in 1988, Kunshan began treating private school teachers on par with public school teachers in terms of various economic subsidies (excluding food subsidies, as private school teachers had their own vegetable plots). They implemented the same salary structure system and awarded the same performance bonuses. With this policy alone, the annual income of private school teachers increased by around 500 yuan per person.
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公费医疗,实行财政包干后,每人60元,有些人超过了的,个别乡镇就不肯报, 把发票压在口袋里。吴克铃听说后,就明确规定:教师医疗费的改革和机关同步进 行,在目前情况下,超过的部分不能由学校承担,更不应由教师本人承担,而一律由 乡财政解决,确有困难的,再向县财政申请补助。后来,在ー次乡镇党委书记会议 上,吴克铃说:“如果以后再有教师看病的发票没地方报,就叫他们到财政局去报 销,报过后县财政再向乡财政去要「'这ー项措施,也只有昆山实行,别的县市都没 有实行。
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For public healthcare, after implementing a fiscal contracting system from the government, each person was allocated 60 yuan. Some people exceeded this amount, and certain townships were unwilling to report it, keeping the invoices hidden in their pockets. Upon hearing about this, Wu Kequan clearly stipulated that the reform of teachers' medical expenses should be carried out in sync with that of government institutions. Under the current circumstances, the exceeded portion should not be borne by the schools, nor should it be the responsibility of the teachers themselves. Instead, the township finances should take it, and if there are difficulties, they should apply for subsidies from the county finances. Later, at a township party committee secretary meeting, Wu Kequan said, "If teachers can't reimburse medical bills, let them go to the County finance will claim the funds from the township Finance Bureau. After reimbursement, the county finance will claim the funds from the township finance. This is only done in Kunshan, not in other counties or cities.”
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十二、请“老虎”下山
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12 Inviting the "Tiger" Down the Mountain
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昆山的教育正在走出“误区”,人才的观念超前,这オ使全县的文化素质有了 明显的提高,也オ使吴克铃不是永久的孤独者,不是“鹤立鸡群”而仅仅是众多的 人才的一个代表。也正因为此,在这里オ形成了一种氛围,ー种你追我赶争先恐后 创新创优的氛围。从县委、县政府、人大和政协的领导到工厂企业、乡镇干部,平时 都有一种紧迫感,思想的机器总在不停地转动,认为已有的成绩不是终点而是起 点,独创的经验不会终结,而是在实践中不断完善、不断丰富……
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Kunshan's education is moving out of the "misguided zone," and its advanced talent concept has significantly improved the overall cultural quality of the county. This has also ensured that Wu Kequan is not a permanent loner, not a "crane standing among chickens" (meaning standing out from the crowd), but merely a representative of the numerous talents.  Precisely because of this, an atmosphere has formed here – a competitive environment where everyone strives to innovate and excel, pushing each other to new heights. From the leaders of the county Party committee, county government, People's Congress, and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference to the factory enterprises and township officials, there is always a sense of urgency. Their minds are constantly working, considering that their current achievements are not the endpoint but the starting point. The unique experiences will not end but will be continuously improved and enriched in practice.
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于是横向联合的路子,新区开发的路子,苏州第一家中外合资企业所提供的路 子……条条大路通罗马,条条大路都在吴克铃的构思中发出越来越明丽的亮色。
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As a result, various approaches emerge: horizontal collaboration, the development of new districts, and the path provided by Suzhou's first Sino-foreign joint venture. Like the saying "all roads lead to Rome," each of these paths shines brighter and more vividly in Wu Kequan's vision and strategy.
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昆山有个寒山牌冰箱厂,开头还不错,到后来,冰箱行业名牌迭出,寒山就逐渐 显得“寒酸” 了。ー个副厂长到上海出差,住在旅馆里谈起这件事,旁边有人说: “你们不可以和贵州风华冰箱厂谈谈吗?他们是航天部的,技术、设备的力量都很 雄厚。”那人还告诉他,风华厂的厂长这几天正在上海探亲,可以去找找他……副厂 长立刻赶回昆山向许厂长汇报,许ー听,马上飞车东去,找到了风华厂的吴明展厂 长,对他说:“我们想请你到昆山去看看。”吴明展望着这个不速之客,两手ー摊,抱 歉地说:“我昆山无亲无友,去做啥?”许厂长说:“我们小县小厂,请您去指导指 导。”终于把吴明展拉到了昆山。
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Kunshan has a refrigerator factory called Hanshan, which started off quite well. However, as more and more well-known brands emerged in the refrigerator industry, Hanshan gradually began to appear less competitive and somewhat outdated. A deputy factory director went on a business trip to Shanghai and discussed this issue while staying at a hotel. Someone nearby suggested, "Why don't you talk to the Guizhou Fenghua Refrigerator Factory? They are affiliated with the Ministry of Aerospace and have great technical and equipment capabilities." That person also told him that the director of Fenghua Factory was visiting relatives in Shanghai these days and could be contacted. The deputy director immediately returned to Kunshan to report to Director Xu. Upon hearing the news, Xu hurriedly traveled east, found Director Wu Mingzhan of Fenghua Factory, and said, "We would like to invite you to visit Kunshan.” Wu Mingzhan looked at this unexpected guest, spreading his hands apologetically, and said, "I have no relatives or friends in Kunshan, why should I go?" Director Xu replied, "We are a small factory in a small county, and we'd like to invite you to provide some guidance.” In the end, Wu Mingzhan was persuaded to visit Kunshan.
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不看则已,ー看还真来劲。原来上海旁边还有这么ー个好地方!昆山的冰箱 厂就在新区,有一定基础,发展前途很广,要是把贵州那边的技术和设备拉过来,这 厂不用花多少钱就可以跃上一个新的档次。
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Once he arrived and had a look around, he became genuinely interested and engaged. It turned out that there was such a great place right next to Shanghai! The refrigerator factory in Kunshan was located in the new district and had a solid foundation with a broad prospect for development. If the technology and equipment from Guizhou could be brought over, the factory could leap to a new level without spending much money.
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吴克铃得到消息,立刻和吴明展见面。他全面介绍了昆山经济发展的路子,明 确提出要和风华厂联营……
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Upon hearing the news, Wu Kequan immediately met with Wu Mingzhan.  He comprehensively introduced the path of Kunshan's economic development and explicitly proposed the idea of a joint venture with Fenghua Factory.
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这时吴明展心中已经有了意向,他却开玩笑说:“早知你们有这个’阴谋’,我就不到昆山了!”
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At this point, Wu Mingzhan already had intentions of cooperation, but he jokingly said, "If I had known you guys had this 'plot,' I wouldn't have come to Kunshan!”
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不多久,副县长郑慧珍和皇甫等人ー起到贵州风华厂,向全厂的领导介绍了昆 山的情况,引起对方极大兴趣,联营的事很快进入了洽谈具体项目阶段……
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It wasn't long before Deputy County Governor Zheng Huijin and Huangfu and others went to Guizhou Fenghua Machinery Factory together. They introduced the situation in Kunshan to the factory's leadership, which aroused great interest on their part. The joint venture discussions quickly moved into the stage of negotiating specific projects.
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大“三线”大有文章可做!吴克铃准确及时地抓住“三线”扩散的时机,一方面 亲自出马,到贵州等地去宣传昆山的优势和横向联营的诚意,同时,在全县号召大 家“把眼光看得远ー些”，“把手伸得长一点”,只要有线索有路子,就千方百计去 争取。
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There is much to be done with the "Third Tier" strategy! Wu Kequan accurately and promptly seized the opportunity of "Third Line" diffusion. On the one hand, he personally went to places like Guizhou to promote Kunshan's advantages and the sincerity of horizontal collaboration. At the same time, he called on everyone in the county to "look farther" and "reach out further." As long as there were clues and approaches, they would do everything possible to strive for them.
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于是就引出又一个故事。
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This led to another story
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重庆汽车厂党委书记陈世生,昆山人,他到上海一带考察汽车销售情况,打算 开辟ー个窗口,顺道回家探亲,也拜访了他的老师金达。
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Chen Shisheng, the party secretary of Chongqing Automobile Factory and a native of Kunshan, went to Shanghai and its surrounding areas to investigate the automobile sales. He planned to open a new sales channel and took the opportunity to visit his hometown and his former teacher, Jin Da.
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退休了的金达也知道昆山出了个横向联合的经验,看到自己的学生是大企业 的领导,灵机ー动,就去告诉吴克铃,吴克铃叫协作办公室的王顺保去找陈世生,邀 请他去看看几个厂。吴克铃说:“你看看昆山有没有可以为你们厂服务（配套）的 地方?”陈世生觉得这是不可能的,他印象中的故乡エ业基础太薄弱,与重汽不可同 日而语。但他看了几个厂以后,这种想法改变了。于是在中午吃饭时吴克铃就介 绍了昆山的投资环境,透露了想联营的意向。陈世生说:“我回去商量一下,就给你 答复。”
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Jin Da, who was retired, knew about Kunshan's successful experience in horizontal collaboration. Seeing that his former student was a leader in a large enterprise, he was inspired and went to inform Wu Kequan. Wu Kequan then asked Wang Shunbao from the collaborative office to find Chen Shisheng and invite him to visit several factories in the area. Wu Kequan asked, "Can you see if there are any places in Kunshan that can provide services or support for your factory?" Chen Shisheng felt that this was impossible, as his impression of his hometown's industrial foundation was too weak and could not be compared to that of Chongqing Automobile Factory. However, after visiting several factories in Kunshan, his perspective changed. During lunch, Wu Kequan introduced the investment environment in Kunshan and revealed his intention to seek collaboration. Chen Shisheng replied, "I'll go back and discuss it with my colleagues, and then I'll tell you.”
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没多久,电报来了,陈世生请昆山派人去谈联营的事。郑慧珍和金达ー起赶 去,到了红岩汽车厂。原来这个厂在荒无人烟的山沟里,军エ改民用,产品生产了 很多,但都积压在仓库里,销售上有许多难处,比如他们的汽车就进不了上海市区。 郑慧珍说:“我们可以做工作,争取上海放宽政策,为重汽打开方便之门。”重汽的 人将信将疑,心想,我重汽是国家一级企业,实カ和声誉不可谓不小,但努力了多少 年也没能进入上海,你小小的昆山一个县就有这么大能耐?郑慧珍笑笑,没有把话 说满,但说一定尽最大努力……
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Not long after, a telegram arrived. Chen Shisheng invited Kunshan representatives to discuss the collaboration. Zheng Huijin and Jin Da went together and arrived at the Hongyan Automobile Factory. It turned out that this factory was located in a desolate mountain valley. It had transitioned from military to civilian use, and produced many products, but they were all stuck in the warehouse due to various sales difficulties. For example, their vehicles were not allowed to enter Shanghai. Zheng Huizhen said, "We can work hard to persuade Shanghai to relax its policies, opening a convenient path for Chongqing Automobile Factory.” People from the Chongqing Automobile Factory were skeptical, thinking that their factory was a national first-class enterprise with a considerable scale and reputation. Despite their efforts for many years, they still couldn't enter Shanghai. Could a small county like Kunshan really have such great capabilities? Zheng Hui Zhen just smiled, not making any promises, but assuring them that she would do her best.
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回到昆山,郑慧珍向吴克铃汇报,吴说:“我们ー起做工作。”
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Back in Kunshan, Zheng Huizhen reported to Wu Kequan, who said, "Let's work together on this.”
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信不信由你,重汽的车进上海市区,这路就是昆山人打通的!
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Believe it or not, it was the people of Kunshan who paved the way for Chongqing Automobile Factory to enter Shanghai's city center.
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车子能进上海,不等于就有人要买你的车。这时候,昆山的农机二厂已濒临倒 闭,双方谈妥,就在这个厂的基础上办联营厂。8月签约,9月就在昆山以联营厂名 义开订货会。郑慧珍当场保证订货会销5辆。陈世生一听,瞪大了吃惊的眼睛,怀 疑自己是不是听错了,然后就找个机会,偷偷地对她说:“你的口气是不是太大啊? 只要你能销2辆,我这个家乡人脸上就有了面子。”郑慧珍笑笑说:“陈书记您放心, 我不会给您丢脸的,到时候要销不了 5辆,我昆山也要把它吃下来!”
 +
ー个月后,订货会开始了。这时的联营厂还没有成型,还没有牌子,就匆匆忙 忙做了个木牌子,挂在农机二厂的大门口。重汽的人看了,不觉心灰意冷,对订货 会根本就不抱多大希望。因为就在这个订货会前,他们在峨眉山也开过订货会,总 共没有订出去三四辆,现在到昆山,在这么简陋可怜的ー个厂里开订货会,能有人 要吗?
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But just because the vehicles could enter Shanghai didn't mean people would buy them. At this time, Kunshan's Agricultural Machinery Factory No. 2 was on the verge of closing down. After negotiations between both parties, they decided to establish a joint venture factory based on the existing foundation of this factory. After signing the contract in August, a purchasing fair was held in September under the name of a joint venture factory. Zheng Huizhen promised on the spot to sell 5 cars at the fair. Chen Shisheng was very surprised when he heard this and began to doubt whether he had misheard. He quietly said to her, "Are you being too ambitious? As long as you can sell 2 cars, it will be a face-saving achievement for me as a local.” Zheng Huizhen smiled and said, "Secretary Chen, don't worry, I won't embarrass you. If I can't sell 5 cars, I'll bear the consequences myself." One month later, the purchasing fair began. At that time, the joint venture factory was not yet established and did not have a brand name. They hastily made a wooden sign and hung it at the entrance of the Kunshan's Agricultural Machinery Factory No. 2. The people from Chongqing Automobile Factory looked at the situation and felt disheartened, with little hope for the fair. This was because they had recently held a fair at Mount Emei, where only three or four vehicles were ordered. Now they were in Kunshan, holding another fair in a shabby and poor factory, and they wondered if anyone would even be interested in buying their trucks.
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但是奇迹出现了:昆山的订货会签售60多辆,当年兑现的就有10多辆!
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However, a miracle happened: the fair in Kunshan resulted in over 60 vehicles being sold, and over 10 of them were delivered that year!
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 +
“小昆山”ー鸣惊人!双方的“恋爱”以闪电式的速度结婚了,并且很快有了 “结晶”:双方各投资50%,由重汽提供汽车底盘,在昆山进行改装,1987年到!989 年,3年改装230辆之多;上海宝钢一期工程全是进ロ的“日野”,二期工程则全部 采用昆山的改装汽车……
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"Little Kunshan" - a marvel that resounds far and wide! The whirlwind romance between the two parties culminated in a lightning-fast marriage, and soon, a precious "crystallization" was born. Both parties invested 50% each, with Chongqing Automobile Factory providing the vehicle chassis, and modifications took place in Kunshan. From 1987 to 1989, an impressive 230 vehicles were modified over three years. While the first phase of the Shanghai Baosteel project exclusively used imported "Hino" vehicles, the second phase entirely adopted Kunshan's modified vehicles...
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十三、昆山的“秘密武器”
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13 Kunshan's "Secret Weapon”
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横向联合的思路在吴克铃手里是ー篇得心应手永远也作不完的大文章。
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The concept of horizontal collaboration effortlessly flourishes in the hands of Wu Kequan, like an endless masterpiece.
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当昆山和上海联营的经验在外地推广以后,人们统统把“目标”集中到了上 海,这时,吴克铃又把联合的思路延伸到了“三线”军エ企业,扩散到了全国各地; 而有些人在浅尝辄止小有所得就沾沾自喜的时候,吴克铃又把ー厂一品联合上升 到全行业的联营,并在这个基础上又进ー步建立了纺织品出口基地。
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After the successful joint venture between Kunshan and Shanghai was promoted in other regions, people's attention turned to Shanghai. At this point, Wu Kequan extended the idea of collaboration to "third-tier" military enterprises and spread it across the country. While some were content with their limited achievements after only having a small portion of success, Wu Kequan raised the collaboration from a single factory to an entire industry, and on this foundation, he took it a step further by establishing a textile export base.
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这里先要说一下花桥镇新浦村的杨秋林。开始他带几个人到上海龙桥乡,在 鸭棚里开出来一片整烫衬衫的工场。不久工场搬回新浦,一次农忙,有3万件美国 童装急需整烫,他借了一台拖拉机,来回运货。一天一夜ー万件,三天三夜全部完 成!后来周贵积担任上海衬衫总厂厂长,他看准大势,意欲扩大加工面。杨秋林听 说,和乡长贝聿综ー起,主动提出,在花桥建联营厂。周贵积说:“要搞,就大刀阔 斧,像模像样地干!”
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First, we must mention Yang Qiulin from Xinpu Village, Huaqiao Town.  Initially, he led a few people to Longqiao Township in Shanghai, where they set up a workshop for ironing shirts in a duck shed. Soon, the workshop was moved back to Xinpu. During a busy farming season, there was an urgent need to iron 30,000 American children's garments. He borrowed a tractor and transported the goods. In one day and one night, they finished 10,000 pieces, and in three days and three nights, they completed all of them! Later, when Zhou Guiji became the director of the Shanghai Shirt Factory, he saw the bigger picture and wanted to expand the processing scope.  Upon hearing this, Yang Qiulin, along with the village head Bei Yuzong, took the initiative to propose building a joint venture factory in Huaqiao. Zhou Guiji said, "If you want to do it, do it boldly and make it decent!”
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机不可失。回来后,他们先后征地30.5亩,同时到县里去贷款。黄继忠、郑慧 珍两个副县长还有县政府办公室曾勇、经委宣炳龙、计委戴修良等,拧成一股劲,全 カ以赴跑上海,疏通关节,筹集资金,忙得不亦乐乎。当年9月,就草签协议,双方 各投资100万元,联营办厂生产出口衬衫。
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Not wanting to miss the opportunity, they returned and successively requisitioned 30.5 acres of land, while also applying for loans from the county. Deputy county chiefs Huang Jizhong and Zheng Huizhen, along with Zeng Yong from the county government office, Xuan Binglong from the Economic Commission, and Dai Xiuliang from the Planning Commission, joined forces and went all out to visit Shanghai. They cleared obstacles, raised funds, and busied themselves with great enthusiasm. In September of that year, a preliminary agreement was signed, with both parties investing one million yuan each to establish a joint venture factory producing shirts for exportation. 
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年底,周贵积厂长带了一批人到昆山来专门看望吴克铃,表示衷心的感谢。他 说:“我在上海要搞这么个分厂,别的不说,光图章就要盖72个,72个圆图章至少 要跑3年。”这就是说,在上海3年办不成的事,昆山3个月就办成了。
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By the end of the year, Factory Director Zhou Guiji brought a group of people to Kunshan to visit Wu Kequan personally, expressing their heartfelt gratitude.  He said, "If I were to set up such a branch factory in Shanghai, I would have to get 72 official seals at least, and it would take at least three years.” This means that what couldn't be accomplished in Shanghai in three years was achieved in Kunshan in just three months. 
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吴克铃想的却是另一面,他真诚地说:“要我们自己搞,3年也达不到出口水 平;在你们的帮助下,3个月就全部出口 了,所以应该是我们感谢你们
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This means that what couldn't be accomplished in Shanghai in three years was achieved in Kunshan in just three months. Wu Kequan, however, saw another aspect of the situation. He sincerely said, "If we were to do it ourselves, it would take us three years to meet the export standards; with your help, we've managed to do it within three months. Therefore, it should be us who are grateful to you.”
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真心实意,又是互惠互利,衬衫厂的前途越发光明了。吴克铃抓住这个契机, 几次奔走于上海和昆山之间,力主把衬衫厂办成上海的分厂。上海方面也感到和 昆山打交道可信可靠,便让衬衫厂!985年7月15日正式挂牌:上海衬衫厂分厂。
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With sincerity and mutual benefit, the future of the shirt factory became even brighter. Wu Kequan seized this opportunity and traveled several times between Shanghai and Kunshan, advocating for the shirt factory to become a branch of the Shanghai factory. The Shanghai side also felt that dealing with Kunshan was trustworthy and reliable, so on July 15, 1985, the shirt factory was officially designated as the Shanghai Shirt Factory Branch.
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吴克铃请上海派人来当厂长。
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Wu Kequan invited someone from Shanghai to serve as the factory director.
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有人不理解:一个杨秋林就够了 ,为什么还要请个上海人?
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Some people didn't understand, arguing that Yang Qiulin was enough, so why bring in someone from Shanghai?
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吴克铃说:“上海的管理水平高,再说,人总是要面子的。来了厂长,就会更加 用心出力,联营就会更牢靠,分厂就会办得更好……”
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Wu Kequan explained, "Shanghai has a high level of management, and besides, people always care about their reputation. With the arrival of the new factory director, they will be more dedicated and make greater efforts, the joint venture will be more stable, and the branch factory will operate even better..."
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事实证明,他的观点是正确的。这一年,新上两条流水线,生产衬衫54万件, 产值540万元,创利50万元,创汇125万美元;截至1989年已经有8条流水线,产 值1540万元,创利270万元,创汇850万美元,均为全市村办企业之冠。
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The facts proved that his viewpoint was correct.  In that year, two new assembly lines were set up, producing 540,000 shirts with a production value of 5.4 million yuan, generating a profit of 500,000 yuan, and earning 1.25 million US dollars in foreign exchange. By 1989, there were already eight assembly lines, with a production value of 15.4 million yuan, generating a profit of 2.7 million yuan, and earning 8.5 million US dollars in foreign exchange, ranking first among all village-run enterprises in the city.
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吴克铃明确宣布:“所有的联营厂,凡是条件具备的,都请上海（或其他省市） 人当厂长。”
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Wu Kequan explicitly announced, "For all joint venture factories that meet the conditions, we will invite people from Shanghai (or other provinces and cities) to serve as factory directors.”
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苏州市有个领导说:“这是昆山的’秘密武器’厂’
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A leader from Suzhou commented, "This is Kunshan's 'secret weapon.'”
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为什么昆山的联营厂一般不是貌合神离而是貌联神合?为什么都说上海人很 “精”不好打交道,而昆山和上海的联营却越来越广泛、越来越紧密?
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Why is it that Kunshan's joint venture factories are generally united in spirit, rather than only in appearance? Why is it that despite people saying that Shanghai people are cunning and difficult to deal with, the collaboration between Kunshan and Shanghai is becoming more extensive and closer?
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因为吴克铃不俗,所以昆山人不俗。
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It's because Wu Kequan is extraordinary, and so are the people of Kunshan.
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俗,可能精明,但不可能高明;不俗,可能不精明,但可能高明。
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Ordinary people might be smart, but not necessarily brilliant; extraordinary people might not be cunning, but they can be brilliant. 
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高人不多。
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There are not many brilliant people.
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高人在,能人幸;高人无,能人再多也无用。
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When a brilliant person is present, capable people are fortunate; without a brilliant person, even a large number of capable people will be of no use.
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ー县如此,一市一省一国也如此。
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The same applies to a county, a city, a province, or even a nation.
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昆山人不俗,吴克铃不俗,上海人也不俗,梅寿椿、王金林也不俗,所以有了一 个衬衫分厂,接着又有了五个纺织行业的联营厂。
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The people of Kunshan are extraordinary, as are Wu Kequan, the people of Shanghai, Mei Shouchun, and Wang Jinlin. Thus, a shirt factory was established, followed by five joint-venture textile factories.
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六个厂,虽然少得可怜,但作为ー种努力方向,上海和昆山的纺织行业实行了 全行业的联营。
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Despite being only six factories, a humble number, they marked a new direction in the joint efforts of Shanghai and Kunshan's textile industries, which pursued collaboration across the entire sector.
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当然,吴克铃想的是下ー步。
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Naturally, Wu Kequan was thinking about the next step.
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1986年4月,昆山县人民政府与上海市纺织エ业局开始商谈建立纺织出口基 地的事。
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In April 1986, the Kunshan County People's Government and the Shanghai Textile Industry Bureau began discussions on establishing a textile export base.
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3月15日,吴克铃和王金林专程去南京,向省长顾秀莲汇报了这个打算。顾 秀莲给予充分的肯定,她说:“昆山与上海联合,起步迟,起点高,效果好,对国家、对 上海、对昆山都有好处,路子是对的。”
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On March 15th, Wu Kequan and Wang Jinlin made a special trip to Nanjing to report their plans to Gu Xiulian, Governor of Jiangsu province. Gu Xiulian gave her full affirmation, saying: "The collaboration between Kunshan and Shanghai, though late in its start, has a high starting point and has yielded excellent results. It benefits the nation, Shanghai, and Kunshan. This is the right path."
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顾秀莲又及时向省委书记韩培信汇报。韩培信明确表示支持,并指示省里有 关部门主动配合,不要“打坝”。
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Gu Xiulian also promptly reported to the Provincial Party Secretary Han Peixin. Han Peixin expressed his clear support and instructed the relevant departments in the province to actively cooperate and not to "block" the initiative.
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在这期间,纺织エ业部何副部长也积极做工作,促成昆山和上海的联营升级。
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During this period, Deputy Director He of the Textile Industry Department also worked actively to promote the upgrade of the joint venture between Kunshan and Shanghai.
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4月3日到4日,上海市纺织エ业局局长梅寿椿、副局长王金林,昆山县委书记 毛阳青,县长吴克铃,副县长汪国兴、郑慧珍,还有上海市经委顾问龚兆源,ー起在 昆山进行了为期两天的会谈。作为这个会谈的结果,签订了在昆山建立“上海纺织 品出口联合生产基地”的协议。
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On April 3rd and 4th, Shanghai Textile Industry Bureau Director Mei Shouchun, Deputy Director Wang Jinlin, Kunshan County Party Secretary Mao Yangqing, County Mayor Wu Kequan, Deputy County Mayors Wang Guoxing and Zheng Huizhen, as well as Shanghai Economic Commission consultant Gong Zhaoyuan, all gathered in Kunshan for a two-day conference. As a result of this meeting, an agreement was signed to establish the "Shanghai Textile Products Export Joint Production Base" in Kunshan.
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联营的作用,合作的威力,ー个正确的思路所能够释放出来的能量是没有止境 的。正是依靠这条路子以及这条路子所积累的实カ和思想,1987年,在全县14个 重点项目全部完成并投产见效的基础上,吴克铃又组织了第二个大的“战役”一 再上29个重点建设项目。除极个别外,已陆续竣工投产……
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The impact of joint ventures, the power of cooperation, and the energy that can be unleashed by a correct approach are boundless. It is precisely by relying on this path and the practical experience and ideas it has accumulated that in 1987, Wu Kequan organized the second major "campaign" – launching 29 core projects – on the basis of completing and achieving results for all 14 key projects across the county. With only a few exceptions, these projects have been successively completed and put into operation...
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十四、费孝通说“很好”
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14 Fei Xiaotong Says "Very Good”
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去年10月,吴克铃在苏州向费孝通先生汇报他的经济思路,在讲到“三线”エ 业时说:“过去那些地方我们不能看,保密厂,谁敢去?中央提出搞活国有企业, ’三线‘的军エ厂要扩散,我们就主动去看了。有些厂的设备封存20年了,从来没 人动过,人呢,也ー样,等于封存。我说,我们拿产品来生产,行不行?他们不积极; 到我们这里来做,他们愿意了。我们环境好,位置优越,所以他们有积极性。我认 为,国家应该支持他们出来。”
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In October last year, Wu Kequan reported his economic ideas to Mr. Fei Xiaotong in Suzhou. Speaking about the "Third Tier" industries, he said: "In the past, we could not visit those places, as they were confidential factories; who would dare to go? When the central government proposed revitalizing state-owned enterprises, the 'Third Tier' military factories were to be dispersed, and we took the initiative to visit them. Some factory equipment had been sealed for 20 years, never touched by anyone. The same applies to the people, who were virtually in storage as well.” I asked, 'Can we use these products for production, is it feasible?' They were not enthusiastic; but when we invited them to work with us, they were willing. Our environment is good, and our location is advantageous, so they were motivated. I believe our country should support their integration into the broader economy.”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
费孝通点点头,赞同他的意见。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Fei Xiaotong nodded his head, agreeing with Wu Kequan's opinion.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
吴克铃进ー步阐述自己的想法:“开始我们也担心,与’三线‘军エ企业合资办 企业,会不会动摇’三线’大本营军心?实践证明,搞了联营,非但没有动摇军心, 反而更稳定了。比如,我们与航天部风华机器厂联营办了风华冰箱厂昆山分厂,开 始贵州有些担心,实际上,这个厂有不少技术人员是南方人,比如上海人,在贵州好 多年,一直想回来,但调动很困难,有的工作也不安心。现在办了分厂,一些工程技 术人员可以来昆山安家落户,到上海也很近,可以早晨来昆山上班,傍晚回到家里 休息,这样大家都很满意。而且,国家一旦需要,这些人还可以回到大本营。”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Wu Kequan further elaborated on his thoughts: "At the beginning, we were also worried that establishing joint ventures with 'Third Tier' military enterprises might shake the foundation of the 'Third Tier' military spirit. However, practice has shown that forming joint ventures not only didn't undermine the military spirit but, in fact, made it more stable.” For instance, we established a joint venture with the Aerospace Department's Fenghua Machinery Factory to create the Fenghua Refrigerator Factory's Kunshan branch. Initially, there was some concern from Guizhou, but in reality, many of the factory's technical staff were from the south, such as Shanghai natives. They had been in Guizhou for many years and had always wanted to return but found it difficult to relocate, which affected their focus on work. Now that the branch factory has been established, some of the engineering and technical personnel can settle down in Kunshan. It's also close to Shanghai, so they can commute to Kunshan for work in the morning and return home to rest in the evening. This arrangement has left everyone satisfied. Moreover, if our country needs them, these people can return to their original posts."
 +
 
 +
 
 +
费孝通高兴地说:“你支持了我的’三线’军エ企业扩散论!”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Fei Xiaotong happily responded, "You have supported my theory of the dispersion of 'Third Tier' military enterprises!”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
第二天,费孝通就到了昆山。临行前,他就说:“可以让新华社发个消息,说我 到昆山实地调查,开发区的情况很好。”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The next day, Fei Xiaotong arrived in Kunshan.  Before leaving, he said, "You can let Xinhua News Agency release a news item, saying that I have come to Kunshan for an on-site investigation, and the situation in the development zone is very good.”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
考察的结果是十分满意的。昆山的实践、吴克铃的思路,与费孝通长期研究所 形成的理论框架不谋而合。昆山之路就是强国之路。要强国,就必须把经济搞上 去,而发展经济只能靠自力更生。昆山之路之所以可贵,就在于不是你要我发展经 济搞开发区,而是我自己要改革开放要搞开发区,所以オ不是眼睛向上伸手要钱, 而是眼睛向下动手苦干!不在编、不正名、不给政策也干,只要对国家有利、于人民 有益、符合改革开放的大势就坚决地干。缺人才、缺资金、缺技术就“横向”联营, 把东西南北风都借来。没有条件自己创造条件,创造出ー个实实在在生机勃勃的 开发区,然后让你大吃ー惊,不得不佩服,也不得不承认:昆山之路是成功之路,也 是强国之路……
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The inspection results were highly satisfactory. The practice in Kunshan and Wu Kequan's ideas coincided with the theoretical framework formed by Fei Xiaotong's long-term research. The path of Kunshan is the path to a strong country.  To strengthen the nation, it is essential to boost the economy, which can only be achieved through self-reliance. The value of the Kunshan path lies in the fact that it is not about others urging us to develop the economy and create development zones; instead, it is about our own desire for reform and opening up and our commitment to establishing development zones. As a result, we do not look up and ask for money, but instead, look down and work hard! We will persevere in our efforts, even without official approval, formal recognition, or policy support, as long as they are beneficial to the country, the people, and in line with the general trend of reform and opening up. When facing a lack of talent, funds, or technology, we resort to "horizontal" joint ventures, borrowing resources from all directions.  Without existing conditions, we create our own and establish a thriving development zone. Then, we surprise everyone, making them admire and acknowledge that the Kunshan path is a path to success and a path to a strong country...
 +
 
 +
 
 +
在考察中,费老还发现,昆山不但有吴克铃这样经验丰富、思路明晰的决策者 和身体カ行的领导,还有一批能量都极其充沛的人。昆山虽小,却不可等闲视之; 昆山起步虽迟,但是一旦觉醒,就疾步起飞,因为在这里有一群不凡不俗、锐意进取 的能人志士。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
During the investigation, Mr. Fei also discovered that not only did Kunshan have experienced and clear-minded decision-makers like Wu Kequan and hands-on leaders, but also a group of people with immense energy. Although Kunshan is small, it should not be taken lightly. Though Kunshan's start was late, once awakened, it quickly takes off, as there is a group of extraordinary, ambitious, and enterprising talents here.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
费老高龄,难得有机会到昆山一回,吴克铃诚恳地请他题词留念。一向不喜欢 多题字的费孝通先生,这次却毫不吝惜地写下了八个字:
 +
 
 +
昆山有玉玉在其人
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Because of his advanced age, Mr. Fei rarely had the opportunity to visit Kunshan. Wu Kequan sincerely asked him to write an inscription as a memento. Mr. Fei Xiaotong, who usually didn't like to write many inscriptions, generously wrote eight characters this time: 昆山有玉玉在其人 (Kunshan has talents, and they are the true treasures)
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
十五、“借鸡生蛋”的风波
 +
 
 +
 
 +
15 The "Borrowing to Create Wealth" Philosophy
 +
 
 +
 
 +
1985年1月,王金华担任城北乡党委书记。他遇到的第一个问题就是学校老 师纷纷要求调动。学校条件太差了,中学建造在泥潭之中,下雨上班自行车没法 推,只好扛在肩上……这当然是由来已久的问题,他却感到有愧,为此想到要为老 百姓办点事。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
In January 1985, Wang Jinhua took office as the Party Secretary of the northern part of the county Township. The first problem he encountered was that schoolteachers were requesting transfers in large numbers. The school's conditions were too poor, with the middle school built in a muddy area where it was impossible to walk their bicycles when it rained, leaving teachers no choice but to carry them on their shoulders. This longstanding problem weighed on him, and he wanted to do something for the people.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
但是城北没有钱,穷。过去说“白手起家”,而真正的“白手”是根本不可能起 家的。无米之炊,无鸡生蛋,岂不是天方夜谭?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
However, the northern part of the county was financially struggling and had no money to spare. In the past, people talked about "starting from scratch," but in reality, it was nearly impossible to achieve anything with truly empty hands. How could one cook without rice or lay eggs without chickens? Wasn't it just a pipe dream?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
这时候,吴克铃也面临着同样ー个问题:昆山要发展,开发区要实施,没有钱, 只好唱“空城计”。在综合分析和冷静思考的基础上,他提出借钱办企业,办好企 业再还债,边借债、边生产、边还债。他明确倡导的横向联合,其动因或说是目的之 一,就是通过横联引进资金。借鸡生蛋,有了蛋就可以孵小鸡,鸡可还鸡,也可以再 生蛋。深奥的经济学原理被他用浅显的比喻说得让很多人开了窍。从此“借鸡生 蛋”伴随着横向联合的构思,成为昆山发展经济的又一个公开的秘密。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
At that time, Wu Kequan faced a similar problem: Kunshan needed development, and the development zone had to be implemented. Without money, the only option was to rely on a "bluffing strategy.” Based on comprehensive analysis and calm consideration, he proposed borrowing money to run enterprises, repaying debts after the enterprises were well-established, and continuously borrowing, producing, and repaying debts. He explicitly advocated for horizontal collaboration, and one of the driving forces or objectives was to introduce capital.  Borrowing chickens to lay eggs allowed one to hatch chicks from the eggs, repay the borrowed chickens, and even produce more eggs.  He explained the profound economic principles with a simple analogy, enlightening many people. From then on, "borrowing chickens to lay eggs" accompanied the concept of horizontal collaboration, becoming another public secret in Kunshan's economic development.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
王金华就是照这个思路去做的,只是他做得比别人更大胆、更彻底,也更富有 创造性。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Wang Jinhua followed this train of thought, but he was bolder, more thorough, and more creative than others.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
党委九个人,六个搞经济。他们用艰苦拼命的精神、用诚恳专ー的信誉、用使 人信服的效益东进上海,北去京都,四面八方,筹借资金。别人摸不着的门槛,他们
 +
熟门熟路;别人不敢进的单位,他们被待若上宾;别人连想都不敢想的资金,他们照 样能借得来……
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Out of the nine members of the party committee, six were engaged in economic work. With their relentless determination, sincere dedication, and convincing achievements, Wu Kequan and their team managed to expand their influence in various directions, from Shanghai in the east to Beijing in the north, raising funds from all sides. They were familiar with thresholds others couldn't touch, welcomed as esteemed guests in places others dared not enter, and able to borrow funds others couldn't even imagine.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
有了钱就办企业,办好企业赚了钱就好还债,也好发展生产为当地老百姓做 实事。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
With money in hand, they established businesses. By running successful businesses, they repaid their debts and contributed to local development, benefiting the common people. 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
原先,这里沟沟坎坎、坑坑洼洼,只有几家零散的小企业和几个不成型的村落, 如今,这里已经是个名副其实的“昆山大世界” 了。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
What was once a place filled with ditches, potholes, a few scattered small enterprises, and underdeveloped villages, has now become a thriving "Kunshan World" in its true sense.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
苏州市委副书记周治华在城北调查后,总结出这么几句:教育为本,科技兴乡, 文化搭台,经济唱戏。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
After investigating the northern part of Suzhou, the Deputy Secretary of Suzhou Municipality Zhou Zhihua summarized the key elements of their success: "Education as the foundation, technology for rural prosperity, culture as the stage, and economy as the performance.”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
然而,就是这么ー个乡,就是在短短几年中使城北发生了几乎是不可思议的变 化的王金华,却遭到了强烈的非议。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
However, despite the almost unbelievable transformation of the area in just a few years, Wang Jinhua, who played a crucial role in the development, has faced strong criticism.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
非议和责难的焦点集中在借债上。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The focus of the criticism and blame centers on the debt.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
吴克铃再清楚不过,发难的由头在城北,而真正的矛头还在县委县政府,在于 他这个领头人。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Wu Kequan is well aware that the real issue lies not only in the northern part of the city but also in the county party committee and the county government, as well as in their own leadership, himself.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
再说,基层的干部辛辛苦苦拼命工作遭到不公正的议论和责难时,作为上ー级 的党委和政府,如漠不关心听之任之的话,其后果必将挫伤积极性,再要继续实现 昆山经济的稳步高速发展就不可能了一谁还愿做出头椽子,谁还肯拼命卖カ呢?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Furthermore, when grassroots officials who have worked tirelessly face unfair criticism and blame, if the higher-level party committee and government remain indifferent and unresponsive, the consequences will inevitably dampen enthusiasm. In such a situation, it would be impossible to continue realizing the steady and rapid economic development of Kunshan, as no one would be willing to take the lead or put in their utmost effort.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
这当然不是一般性的工作方法上的分歧。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
This is certainly not just a general disagreement in work methods.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
1988年11月,吴克铃带了顾厚德,“不带任何框框”,到城北实地调查。他们 先听汇报,然后要王金华和乡长余增荣把几张报表拿出来,当然是正规的统计报 表。而且,在昆山谁都知道,吴克铃是经济上的行家、通オ,无论怎么样也是无法瞒 过他的眼睛的。他这次来,就是要掌握第一手资料,就是要看ー看,他构思中的ー 个必要环节一“借鸡生蛋”到底效果如何,值不值得推广?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
In November 1988, Wu Kequan, accompanied by Gu Houde, conducted a field investigation in the northern part of the city without any preconceptions. They first listened to a report and then asked Wang Jinhua and Township Mayor Yu Zengrong to present several statistical reports, which were, of course, official and standardized. In Kunshan, everyone knew that Wu Kequan was an expert in economics and had a keen eye; it would be impossible to deceive him. His purpose for this visit was to obtain firsthand information and to assess the effectiveness of a crucial element in his plan – "borrowing to create wealth." He wanted to determine whether this approach was worth promoting.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
看了报表,不看企业。吴克铃心中有底了。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
After reviewing the reports, Wu Kequan didn't even need to visit the enterprises, as he already had a clear understanding.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
外面说欠几个亿,实际上当时只有几千万。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Contrary to the rumors of owing billions, the actual debt at that time was only tens of millions.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
还有生的“蛋”呢?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
What about the "wealth" created?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
还有城北乡的老百姓得到的实惠和好处呢?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
What about the tangible benefits and advantages enjoyed by the local people in the northern part?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
还有企业的后劲、企业的未来、企业的经济效益呢?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
What about the enterprises' potential, future, and economic returns?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
如果不借债,如果不联营,城北绝不可能有今天,更不可能有将来!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Without borrowing and forming partnerships, the northern part of the city would not have been able to achieve what it has today, let alone have a future.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
吴克铃从城北的经验中进ー步确认和丰富了自己的路子,他和顾ー起草拟了 提纲,吴克铃的观点、思路、对城北的肯定和支持,全都由顾写成了一篇长稿。
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 +
Wu Kequan's experiences in the northern part of the county further confirmed and enriched his approach. He and Gu drafted an outline, and Gu wrote a detailed report reflecting Wu Kequan's viewpoints, thoughts, and affirmation and support for the northern part of the county.
 +
 
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 +
县委常委就这事做了专门讨论后,决定在城北召开ー个现场会,把全县的乡 镇长和党委书记,还有县机关部委办局的头头们都召集到城北,到那里看企业,听 介绍,各自发表意见,进行开放式的讨论。然后,县委书记毛阳青根据吴克铃的调 查代表县委县政府做了总结报告。
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 +
After a special discussion among the members of the County Party Committee, it was decided to hold a field meeting in the northern part of the county. Township mayors, party committee secretaries from the entire county, as well as leaders from county-level departments, bureaus, and offices were all invited. There, they would visit the enterprises, listen to introductions, express their opinions, and engage in open discussions. Subsequently, County Party Secretary Mao Yangqing made a summary report on behalf of the county party committee and the county government, based on Wu Kequan's investigation.
 +
 
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 +
明朗而坚决的态度给王金华撑了腰,给全县基层干部鼓了劲,也给了吴克铃本 人ー种启示:作为领导,无论在什么情况下,总要站在实干的同志一边,要理解他 们、支持他们、保护他们、提拔他们……
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 +
The clear and resolute attitude bolstered Wang Jinhua, motivated grassroots officials throughout the county, and also provided Wu Kequan with personal inspiration: As a leader, under any circumstances, they must always stand by those who are dedicated to their work, understanding, supporting, protecting, and promoting them.
 +
 
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 +
于是昆山把城北作为ー个典型报到苏州市委,市委书记高德正到城北调查之 后,又把城北作为苏州市的典型加以推广……
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As a result, Kunshan presented the northern part of the county as a model to the Suzhou Municipal Party Committee. After the Suzhou Municipal Party Secretary Gao Dezheng visited the northern part of the city for an investigation, the city also promoted it as a model for Suzhou.
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 +
今年春,吴克铃在谈到这件事时,仍然记忆犹新。高德正说,借债问题,其实是 从小农经济向社会主义集体化生产转变的ー个观念问题。中国农民祖祖辈辈梦想 的只是ー头老牛一方田,自给自足,一旦负债,就要卖儿卖女,每到年关,就提心吊 胆。共和国成立后,互助组合作化,后来“共产风”走极端,翻来覆去,总没把社会 主义这个题目说清楚,也没有从西方的发展中吸取有益成分,所以ー听说借债,就 怕得不得了,几十万、几百万哪!哪年哪月还得清? 一个包袱压得直不起腰抬不起 头。其实,不在于借不借债,也不在于借多借少,关键是项目有没有吃准,吃准了, 再多再大的债也应该借!
 +
 
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 +
This spring, Wu Kequan still vividly remembers the incident when talking about it.  Gao Dezheng said that the issue of borrowing is actually a conceptual problem in the transition from a small-scale peasant economy to socialist collective production. For generations, Chinese farmers have dreamed of having just an ox and a piece of land, being self-sufficient. Once in debt, they would have to sell their children, and they would be anxious every year-end. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, mutual aid groups were formed, and then extreme "communist winds" blew. Through it all, the issue of socialism was never clarified, and useful elements from Western development were not absorbed. Therefore, when people heard about borrowing, they became extremely fearful. How could they ever repay hundreds of thousands or millions of debt? It would weigh heavily on them, preventing them from standing tall and raising their heads. In fact, the issue is not about whether to borrow or not, nor is it about the amount of borrowing. The key is whether the projects are accurately assessed. If they are, then even large debts should be borrowed!
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 +
高德正又说到,小农经济思想是改革的一大阻カ,昆山也是农业县,现在要改 革开放,从某种意义上来说,就是要跳出昆山这个小圈子、小天地,不跳出这个小圈 子、小天地,就永远是小生产、小经济、小家子气,也永远不可能把昆山这个小地方 建设好。
 +
 
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 +
Gao Dezheng also mentioned that the small-scale peasant economy mindset is a significant obstacle to reform. As an agricultural county, Kunshan needs to break free from this narrow perspective as it undergoes reform and opening up. Without transcending this limited mindset, Kunshan will always be characterized by small-scale production, a modest economy, and narrow-mindedness, making it impossible to fully develop and prosper.
 +
 
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 +
高德正还说到和吴克铃说过的大同小异的ー些观点:改革也是政治,改革需要 思想,改革不可能只是单纯的经济;没有思想,不懂政治的人,不可能搞好改革,不 可能搞好经济,相反还会影响经济的发展,阻碍改革的前进。
 +
 
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 +
Gao Dezheng also mentioned some similar views to those expressed by Wu Kequan: Reform is political, it requires thought, and it cannot be purely economic. Without ideas and understanding of politics, one cannot carry out successful reforms or manage the economy well. On the contrary, it would hinder economic development and obstruct reform progress.
 +
 
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 +
用小农经济的思想来参加改革、建设社会主义,恐怕这オ是中国最大的悲哀, 也是最大的误区。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Participating in reform and building socialism with a small-scale peasant economy mindset is perhaps China's greatest tragedy and the biggest misconception.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
为什么ー些人把社会主义称作，，乌托邦，，？
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Why do some people refer to socialism as a "utopia"?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
因为中国选择了社会主义而社会主义给中国的好处来得太慢也太少。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
It's because China chose socialism, and the benefits it brought to China have been slow and scarce.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
要告别乌托邦赶走乌托邦这个令人丧气的乌鸦,那就必须告别小生产的观念, 首先把封建封闭和保守愚昧这个恶魔赶走!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
To move away from the utopian ideal and eliminate the discouraging aspect of utopia, we must first abandon the concept of small-scale production, and drive away the demons of feudalism, closed-mindedness, and conservative ignorance!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
好在从中央到地方（比如昆山）已经有越来越多的人想到了这一点,并且正在 用顽强的毅カ和坚忍不拔的意志朝着既定的方向跋涉攀缘。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Fortunately, the increasing awareness, from both central and local governments (such as Kunshan), is encouraging, and with persistence and resilience, they are moving forward in the right direction.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
吴克铃的思路或者说昆山之路,正是与这个基本点吻合,否则,他就不会花那
 +
么大的精力和财カ办教育,也不会不惜一切引进人才、培养人才,更不会在风雨浪 头上挺身而出,关怀和保护每ー个为社会主义增添光色的人才。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Wu Kequan's approach, or the "Kunshan Path," aligns with this fundamental point. Otherwise, he would not have invested so much energy and resources in education, nor would he have spared no effort to introduce and cultivate talent. Moreover, he would not have stood up in the face of adversity to care for and protect every individual who contributes to the vibrancy of socialism.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
第四章 拥有了千万个笑容
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Chapter 4 A Million Smiles
 +
 
 +
 
 +
十六、第一个吃螃蟹的人
 +
 
 +
 
 +
16 The First One to Taste the Crab
 +
 
 +
 
 +
岁月是ー张网,人总是在ー张网的世界里生活。大网如天,恢宏无比,你要冲 破这张网犹如揪住自己的头发离开地球ー样地不可能,而且网眼到处都是,漏洞随 时可见,于是乎青春和爱情包括机会和机遇,都在默默地不知不觉中漏掉了、失落 了……
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Time is like a net, and people always live in a world woven by this net.  Time is like a net, and people always live in a world woven by this net. The vast net is as expansive as the sky, and breaking through it is as impossible as lifting oneself off the earth by pulling one's hair. The net's openings are everywhere, with flaws visible at any time. As a result, youth, love, opportunities, and chances slip away unnoticed and are lost...
 +
 
 +
 
 +
1984年秋,一位患过小儿麻痹症的中年人在昆山城区东侧的泥路上踽踽行 走。他永远随身携带着他的公文包,也总有一副近视眼镜伴随着他。他站定,用ー 条健康的腿支撑着他的身体,又用ー只结实的手在半空中虚画了一个圆圈,嘴里不 由得念念有词
 +
 
 +
 
 +
In the autumn of 1984, a middle-aged man who had suffered from polio walked alone on a muddy road in the eastern Kunshan. He always carried his briefcase with him and was always accompanied by a pair of nearsighted glasses. He stood still, supporting his body with one healthy leg, and with a strong hand, he drew an imaginary circle in the air while murmuring to himself.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
他是日本苏旺你有限公司的老板三好先生。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
He was Mr. Miyoshi, the owner of the Japanese Suwang Co., Ltd.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
他怎么到昆山来的?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
How did he end up in Kunshan?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
这又是ー个偶然而又必然的结果。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
This was a result of both chance and inevitability.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
那天,吴克铃接到ー个电话,是计委汤帆打来的,汤帆说他和银行何副行长到 苏州去,偶然听说苏州中国银行的人说昆山有手套厂,日本人搞合资联合生产手 套,怎么到XX县而不到昆山?这个信息立刻使吴克铃想到了经济开发区的未来, 第二天,他就跑苏州,到轻エ局,然后到计委找主任陈辉。陈辉也是第一次和外国 人谈项目,就说,昆山和XX竞争,谁条件好就给谁。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
One day, Wu Kequan received a phone call from Tang Fan of the Planning Commission. Tang Fan said that he and Vice President He from the bank went to Suzhou, and they accidentally heard from the Bank of China in Suzhou that there was a glove factory in Kunshan. A Japanese company was involved in a joint venture for glove production, but why did they go to XX County instead of Kunshan? This information immediately made Wu Kequan think of the future of the Economic Development Zone. The next day, he went to Suzhou, visited the Light Industry Bureau, and then went to the Planning Commission to find Director Chen Hui. It was also the first time that Chen Hui had discussed a project with foreigners, and he said that Kunshan and XX County were competing, and the project would go to whoever had better conditions.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
吴克铃的高明之处就在于,一旦看准了,就死抓住不放。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Wu Kequan's brilliance was that once he set his sights on something, he would hold on to it relentlessly.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
他ー连跑了七趟苏州!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
He made seven trips to Suzhou!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
正式谈判开始了。副县长李锦舫、郑慧珍、夏梁鑫先后出场。谈得很艰苦,有 一次,好动感情的三好先生竟然激动得哭了起来〇
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The formal negotiations began. Vice county mayors Li Jinfang, Zheng Huijin, and Xia Liangxin took turns participating in the discussions. The negotiations were tough. At one point, the emotional Mr. Miyoshi was even moved to tears.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
最后,吴克铃出面拍板,很快达成了协议,于是双方设宴庆祝,三好在和吴克铃 碰杯时,突然激动得放声大哭!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
In the end, Wu Kequan stepped in and quickly reached an agreement. The two parties held a celebratory banquet, and Mr. Miyoshi burst into tears again when he toasted with Wu Kequan.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
吴克铃是个绝对经济型人才,但他又绝对不是个纯经济学家。在中国,除了搞 专门研究的理论家和学者教授外,你要做个“纯粹”的经济领导或企业家是根本不 可能的。政治是经济的集中表现,经济是政治的物质基础。搞经济不可能完全脱 离政治,没有思想没有政治头脑是不可能搞好经济的。改革开放,是政治还是经 济?既有政治也有经济。如果ー个人的目光仅仅囿于ー个厂ー个县的小范围,那 归根结底也只能是小生产小农经济,又怎么可能和社会主义大生产大经济搭得上 边?所以吴克铃着眼在经济,而又清楚大政策的导向;着眼在昆山,又把握着大经 济的趋势。也正因此,他能够抓住契机,办成了这个合资企业。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Wu Kequan was an exceptional economic talent, but he was not a pure economist. In China, apart from specialized theorists and scholars, it is virtually impossible to be a "pure" economic leader or entrepreneur. Politics is the concentrated expression of economics, and economics is the material basis of politics. Economics cannot be completely separated from politics, and it is impossible to manage the economy well without ideas and political acumen. Is reform and opening up primarily political or economic? In fact, it encompasses aspects of both politics and economics. If one's vision is limited to the small scope of a single factory or county, then ultimately, it can only be small-scale production and a peasant economy. How can that possibly be compatible with the large-scale production and economy of socialism? Therefore, Wu Kequan focused on economics while clearly understanding the direction of major policies; he concentrated on Kunshan while keeping an eye on the broader economic trends. It was precisely for this reason that he was able to seize the opportunity and establish this joint venture.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
是的,三好接触过不少中方官员和企业界人士,但他很难遇到像吴克铃这样的 人一既懂经济,人又厚道;既不会让你无代价地占便宜,又要让你得到好处……
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Indeed, Mr. Miyoshi had encountered many Chinese officials and business people, but it was difficult for him to find someone like Wu Kequan – someone who understood economics and was also a person of integrity; someone who would not let you take advantage without giving something in return but would still ensure you benefited from the cooperation.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
跟这样的官员打交道,他有一种安全感。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Dealing with such an official, Mr. Miyoshi felt a sense of security.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
他说:“吴先生,我很高兴能结识你……”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
He said, "Mr. Wu, I am delighted to have met you...”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
吴克铃说:“祝我们合作愉快,让我们双方都能赚大钱!”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Wu Kequan replied, "I wish us a pleasant cooperation and may both sides make a lot of money!”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
1985年3月,苏州市也是江苏省县级第一家中外合资企业“中国苏旺你有限 公司”正式开エ投产了。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
In March 1985, Suzhou's and Jiangsu Province's first county-level Sino-foreign joint venture, "China Suwangyou Co., Ltd.," officially began production.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
现在,我们似乎可以对“昆山之路”或吴克铃的思路做一个简单明确的 表述
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Now, we can seemingly provide a clear and concise description of the "Kunshan Path" or Wu Kequan's approach:
 +
 
 +
 
 +
东依上海,西托“三线”。内联乡村,面向全国,走向世界。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Relying on Shanghai to the east and the "Third Tier" to the west. Connecting rural areas internally, facing the whole country, and moving towards the world.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
因为在实践中逐步形成了这样ー个比较完整的思路,所以吴克铃“敢为天下 先”。“先”不是出格,“先”是在总体上把握住国情国策和改革开放的大势,因而 “先”得不俗、“先”得不凡、“先”得有板有眼、“先”得有声有色。也正因为此,别人 不敢想的他想了,别人不敢做的他做了,等到别人也想到也做到的时候,他又把文 章做活了、做深了、做得更加丰富多彩得心应手了……
 +
 
 +
 
 +
As Wu Kequan's relatively complete approach gradually took shape through practice, he earned praise for being a bold pioneer. "Being the first" is not about being unconventional; it's about having a comprehensive grasp of national conditions, policies, and the overall trend of reform and opening up. As a result, Wu Kequan's pioneering efforts were remarkable, outstanding, well-structured, and vibrant. Indeed, it was due to this that he dared to envision what others didn't dare to envision, and he dared to undertake what others didn't dare to undertake. By the time others caught up, daring to envision and undertake the same, he had already infused life into his career, diving deeper and making it more vibrant and fulfilling, thus mastering it effortlessly...
 +
 
 +
 
 +
紧接着,吴克铃又率先搞了土地有偿出让和企业兼并……
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Following this, Wu Kequan also took the lead in implementing compensated land transfers and corporate mergers.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
至1990年初,全市已有40多家企业被外地大企业或本地优势企业兼并,效益 普遍看好。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
By early 1990, more than 40 enterprises in the city had been merged by large enterprises from other regions or by local dominant enterprises, with generally promising results.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
跟着感觉走
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Follow your intuition,
 +
 
 +
 
 +
紧抓住梦的手
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Hold on tightly to the hand of your dreams,
 +
 
 +
 
 +
脚步越来越轻越来越快活
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Your steps become lighter and more lively,
 +
 
 +
 
 +
尽情挥洒自己的笑容
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Freely spread your own smiles everywhere.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
当ー个人的思路、ー个人的オ干趋于成熟的时候,犹如一个成熟而又具有自己 个性的作家,做起文章来就不会打疙瘩,就会“尽情挥洒自己的笑容”,就会敢于出 奇兵,用大笔横书,做无人敢做的文章。土地转让,企业兼并,就如开头的横向联 合、自费经济开发区ー样,无不出人意料,细想却又在情理之中……
 +
 
 +
 
 +
When a person's ideas and approach become mature, like a seasoned writer with their own unique style, they can write without hesitation, freely spread their smiles, and dare to employ surprise tactics and bold strokes, creating works that no one else dares to do. Land transfer and enterprise mergers, just like the initial horizontal collaboration and self-financed economic development zones, are all unexpected, yet upon closer thought, they make perfect sense.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
十七、“昆山之路”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
17 "The Kunshan Path”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
写到这里,我们可以对“昆山之路”做ー个数字上的表述了。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
At this point, we can provide a numerical description of the "Kunshan Path.”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
1978年,昆山的工业产值只有2.2亿元。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
In 1978, Kunshan's industrial output value was only 220 million yuan.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
1983年,增加到5.7亿元,5年翻了一番多。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
By 1983, it had increased to 570 million yuan, more than doubling in five years.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
1984年,吴克铃担任县长,从此昆山的经济发展纳入了他的思路之中。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
In 1984, Wu Kequan became the county mayor, and from then on, Kunshan's economic development was incorporated into his vision.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
1989年,エ业产值4〇. 34亿元,比1983年增长6倍;外贸收购额4. 092亿元, 比1983年增长近20倍;财政收入1.23亿元,比!983年增长!21% ;人均生产总值 3256 元,增长 290%。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
In 1989, the industrial output value reached 4.034 billion yuan, a six-fold increase from 1983; foreign trade procurement reached 4.092 billion yuan, an increase of nearly 20 times compared to 1983; fiscal revenue reached 123 million yuan, a 121% increase from 1983; and per capita GDP reached 3,256 yuan, a 290% increase.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
全市工业固定资产总额1〇个亿,1。亿富翁,是1978年的!3倍。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The total fixed assets of the Kunshan's industries reached 10 billion yuan, making Kunshan a "billionaire" city, which is 13 times that of 1978.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
还要特别提一下的是,6年粮食总产262万吨,比前6年总产增1.09%,成为 全国交售粮食先进县（市）；多种经营产值7.37亿元,增长152.4%。1989年农民 人均收入1233元,比1983年增长40〇. 6元。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
It is worth mentioning that the total grain output in six years was 2.62 million tons, an increase of 1.09% compared to the previous six years, making Kunshan a national advanced county (county-level city) for grain sales; the output value of diversified operations reached 737 million yuan, an increase of 152.4%. In 1989, the per capita income of farmers was 1,233 yuan, an increase of 400.6 yuan compared to 1983.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
经济的发展尤其是工业生产的发展,并没有以牺牲农业为代价,相反,昆山的 农业在稳定中有了新的发展。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The economic development, especially the development of industrial production, did not come at the expense of agriculture. On the contrary, Kunshan's agriculture achieved new development in stability.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
市财政局局长严文奎说,这是难能可贵的,是ー个十分了不起的贡献。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Yan Wenkui, the director of the Municipal Finance Bureau, said that this is very commendable and an extraordinary contribution.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
这也恰恰是作为科学的“昆山之路”的又一个有力的佐证。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
This is also another strong evidence of the scientific "Kunshan Path.”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
六年,一台有声有色的戏!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
In six years, a vivid and colorful play unfolded!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
六年,ー场多姿多彩的梦!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
In six years, a diverse and colorful dream was realized!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
六年,走出了一条“昆山之路”,为建设具有中国特色的社会主义做出了一篇 独立思考的好文章!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
In six years, the "Kunshan Path" was forged, contributing a well-thought-out article to the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
六年,还是那山那水那些人,但昆山人自己都不认识自己了 一ー无论是衣着、 风度、言谈举止,也无论是思想观念、文明程度,都有了明显变化,跃上了一个更高 的层次……
 +
 
 +
 
 +
In six years, the same mountains, waters, and people remained, but the people of Kunshan hardly recognized themselves – their clothing, demeanor, conversation, and behavior, as well as their thoughts, concepts, and level of civilization, all underwent significant changes, leaping to a higher level...
 +
 
 +
 
 +
这一切,都是和自费经济技术开发区紧紧地联系在ー起的。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
All of these changes are closely linked to the self-funded economic and technological development zone.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
商业局罗局长说得好:“不是开发区沾了昆山人的光,而是昆山人沾了开发区 的光。”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Director Luo of the Commerce Bureau put it well: "It's not that the development zone has benefited from the people of Kunshan, but rather the people of Kunshan have benefited from the development zone.”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
开发区是吴克铃的也是全昆山人民的骄傲。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The development zone is the pride of Wu Kequan and all the people of Kunshan.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
开发区属于昆山也属于江苏省属于全中国,甚至还可以说她属于整个社会
 +
 
 +
 
 +
It belongs not only to Kunshan and Jiangsu Province, but also to the whole of China, and even to the entire society.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
大聪明者既非庸碌的俗物又不是出世的神仙。大聪明者总是实事求是的。中 国有11亿人,中国“封建”了几千年,这是中国的最基本的国情。在这里,愤世嫉 俗、杞人忧天都无济于事,关键还是要把经济搞上去。只有发展经济才能埋葬封建 主义,也只有发展经济才能建成社会主义。吴克铃懂得这个国情,所以他的思路很 实在,他的思路始终围绕着发展经济这个中心,而且实实在在地使昆山的经济前进 了一大步。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Wise individuals are neither mediocre nor detached from the world. They are always pragmatic. China has a population of 1.1 billion and has experienced thousands of years of "feudalism." This is China's most basic national condition. In this context, cynicism and groundless worries are of no use; the key is to boost the economy. Only through economic development can feudalism be eradicated, and only through economic development can socialism be built. Wu Kequan understands this national condition, so his approach is very pragmatic. His thinking always revolves around the central task of economic development, and it has indeed helped Kunshan's economy take a big step forward.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
有人对我说:“外面的文章你写了不少,不能为昆山宣传宣传吗?”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Someone once said to me, "You've written quite a few articles about other places. Can't you promote Kunshan as well?”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
然而本地的文章不好写。“不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中。”越是接触得 多,越是难以把握。更难的是,文章有文章的规律,写人写事都得从文章的构思出 发,而且写ー个人的ー些事不等于肯定他的一切,更不等于就否定或贬低他人…… 总之,文章就是文章,而有人却偏会把文章误解成为是组织的决定或是按官方的表 彰名单论功行赏……
 +
 
 +
 
 +
However, writing about Kunshan is not easy.  As the saying goes, "One cannot see the true face of Mount Lu because one is in the mountain itself." The more you are exposed to something, the harder it is to grasp. What's more challenging is that there are certain rules and principles to writing. When writing about people or events, one must start from the conception of the article. Moreover, writing about a person's achievements does not mean approving of everything they've done, nor does it mean denying or belittling others. In short, an article is just an article, but some people tend to misinterpret it as an organizational decision or as recognition and rewards according to an official list.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
正是从这一顾虑出发,加上其他ー些原因,我没有贸然动笔,而是把新华社和 《人民日报》的记者请了来,让他们从“旁观者”的角度进行采访。这两个记者都是 大手笔,看到我提供的资料后就一心要做篇大文章。果然,1988年7月,《人民日 报》头版登出来了,是专写自费开发区的,还特别地配了一篇评论,题目就叫作 《“昆山之路”三评》。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
It is precisely because of this concern, coupled with other reasons, that I didn't rush to write. Instead, I invited reporters from Xinhua News Agency and People's Daily to conduct interviews from an "outsider's" perspective. Both of these reporters were skilled writers, and after seeing the materials I provided, they were determined to write a significant piece. As expected, in July 1988, People's Daily published a front-page article specifically about the self-funded development zone, along with a special commentary titled "Three Comments on the Kunshan Path.”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
昆山立刻名声大噪。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Kunshan immediately gained widespread attention.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
1988年冬天,国务院经济技术开发区在天津召开理论讨论会,一年以后,又在 烟台召开同一专题的政策研究会,有资格参加会议的当然只是国务院批准的14个 开发区,但昆山作为唯一的ー个“特邀代表”,两次都出席了会议。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
In the winter of 1988, the State Council's Economic and Technological Development Zones held a theoretical discussion in Tianjin. A year later, a policy research meeting on the same topic was held in Yantai. Naturally, only the 14 development zones approved by the State Council were eligible to attend the meetings. However, Kunshan, as the only "specially invited representative," attended both meetings.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
吴克铃走不开,他让办公室的顾厚德去参加,他自己则有个书面发言。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Wu Kequan could not attend the meetings himself, so he sent Gu Houde from his office to participate, while he prepared a written speech.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
让我们看看下ー个意味深长的比较一
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Let's take a look at the following meaningful comparison:
 +
 
 +
 
 +
全国14个开发区,第一期工程40平方公里,已花41亿元,每平方公里1亿 多;昆山第一期开发3.75平方公里,到去年年底,花了 4700万元,基础设施已达到 七通一平（通路、电、水、讯、排水、煤气、蒸气,道路平整）,每平方公里1200万元,相 当于国批开发区的12%。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Among the 14 national development zones, the first phase of the project covers 40 square kilometers and has cost 4.1 billion yuan, which is more than 100 million yuan per square kilometer. In contrast, the first phase of Kunshan's development covers 3.75 square kilometers, and by the end of last year, it had spent 47 million yuan. The infrastructure has reached the level of "seven connections and one leveling" (roads, electricity, water, communication, drainage, gas, and steam, with leveled roads), costing 12 million yuan per square kilometer, which is equivalent to 12% of the cost for the nationally approved development zones.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
见效之快也令人瞩目。昆山开发区已有30个企业,其中有外商投资的11家, 国内联营的16家,1985年到1989年,完成工业产值!5. 39亿元,出口创汇4079万 美元,累计利润4541万元,上缴税金5383万元,税利合计1.1亿元!其中,1989年 产值5亿多,超过1983年全县エ业产值的总和。倘再把全国14个国批开发区的 产值排列个名次,那么,昆山这个不在编的自费开发区名列第三,仅次于广州和上 海! 1989年,江苏两个国批开发区上缴国家税金,ー个是200万元,ー个是300万 元,而昆山这个自费开发区却上缴了 800万元!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The quick effectiveness of Kunshan's approach is also eye-catching. Kunshan Development Zone has 30 enterprises, including 11 with foreign investment and 16 with domestic joint ventures. From 1985 to 1989, the zone completed an industrial output value of 1.539 billion yuan, exported goods worth 40.79 million US dollars, accumulated profits of 45.41 million yuan, and paid taxes of 53.83 million yuan, with a total tax and profit of 110 million yuan! In 1989 alone, the output value exceeded 500 million yuan, surpassing the total industrial output value of the entire county in 1983. If we were to rank the industrial output values of the 14 nationally approved development zones, Kunshan, an unofficial self-funded development zone, would rank third, only behind Guangzhou and Shanghai! In 1989, the two nationally approved development zones in Jiangsu province contributed tax payments to the state, one with 2 million yuan and the other with 3 million yuan, while Kunshan's self-funded development zone contributed 8 million yuan!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
“昆山之路”在会议期间引起了极大的震动,1988年那一次,11期会议简报5 期提到并热烈称赞昆山的路子:“他们的经验主要是自力更生,量カ而行,勤俭开 发,先主后辅,先生产后生活,先向外后向内……”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
During the conference, the "Kunshan Path" caused a great sensation. In the 1988 conference, the 11th issue of the conference newsletter mentioned and enthusiastically praised Kunshan's approach in five issues: "Their experience is mainly self-reliance, acting according to their capabilities, developing diligently and thriftily, prioritizing production over supporting functions, prioritizing external development over internal development, and so on...”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
南开大学国际经济研究所陈荫方教授说:“国家没有投资,也没有给一条优惠 政策,昆山能够取得这么好的成绩,的确令人振奋……”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Professor Chen Yinfang from the International Economics Research Institute of Nankai University said: "The country did not invest nor provided any preferential policies, but Kunshan has achieved such good results, which is indeed inspiring...”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
还有一些专家和教授则从纯理论的海洋中跳出来大声疾呼:，，必须重视，昆山 之路’,让我们的开发区尽快走出误区!”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Some experts and professors also jumped out of the purely theoretical ocean and loudly called for attention to the "Kunshan Path" and urged the development zones to get out of the misunderstanding as soon as possible.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
需要走出误区的也许不仅仅是ー个经济技术开发区,“昆山之路”不正是对强 国之路的ー个重要启迪吗?！
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Perhaps it is not only the economic and technological development zones that need to get out of the misunderstanding. Isn't the "Kunshan Path" an important enlightenment for the path to a strong country?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
十八、给我ー点空闲
 +
 
 +
 
 +
18 Give Me a Moment of Respite
 +
 
 +
 
 +
ー辆普通的深蓝色皇冠轿车平稳地朝上海开去,平稳中又隐含着些许焦虑。 驾驶员十分清楚,这趟车早该开了,可是一直拖着,ー拖就是3年,6年一啊,不, 是9年
 +
 
 +
 
 +
A deep blue, ordinary Crown sedan glided smoothly towards Shanghai, with a hint of anxiety hidden within its steady progress. The driver knew very well that this journey should have begun much earlier, but it had been delayed – first for three years, then six, and ultimately, nine years.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
3年副县长、6年县长,ー共9年。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Three years as a deputy county mayor, six years as a county mayor, totaling nine years.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
现在他是市长。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Now, he is the mayor.
 +
 
 +
1989年9月28日,昆山撤县建市。作为昆山历史上的第一任市长,他在100 面彩旗、1〇万盆鲜花和50多万张笑脸的簇拥中显得异常地平静。他感到幸福,为 昆山;他觉得慰藉,为自己。他深深感谢改革开放的政策,感谢全市人民的艰苦奋 斗,感谢各个部门和单位的理解和支持,感谢上海的、北京的、南京的、苏州的、三线 的、国内国外的领导和朋友们的关心帮助和友好合作……
 +
 
 +
 
 +
On September 28, 1989, Kunshan was transformed from a county to a county-level city. As the first Mayor of a county-level city in Kunshan's history, he appeared exceptionally calm amidst the embrace of 100 colorful flags, 100,000 pots of fresh flowers, and over 500,000 smiling faces. He felt happiness for Kunshan and solace for himself. He deeply appreciated the reform and opening-up policy, the arduous efforts of the entire city's people, the understanding and support from various departments and units, as well as the care, assistance, and friendly cooperation from leaders and friends in Shanghai, Beijing, Nanjing, Suzhou, third-tier cities, and both domestic and international circles.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
我终于让千百个企业纳入了我的思路。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Finally, he had managed to incorporate thousands of enterprises into his vision.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
我终于拥有了千千万万个真诚热烈的笑容。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Ultimately, he had gained countless sincere and enthusiastic smiles.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
啊！往事如梦如烟,往事苦乐酸甜,往事又有太多的失落和遗憾,人道是世事 总难全！
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Ah! The past is like a dream, filled with bitterness, joy, sourness, and sweetness. There are also too many losses and regrets in the past – it is said that perfection is hard to achieve in life!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
给我ー点空闲,让我想一想遗憾。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Give me a moment of respite, let me think about the regrets.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
经济技术开发区,至今还在另册,在国批14个开发区之外。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The economic and technological development zone is still listed separately, outside of the 14 national development zones.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
1989年、1990年费孝通先生两次考察昆山的经济发展,他说,昆山的开发区要 “正名”，“已经成功了,要给予承认,承认昆山开发区应该享有的权利……”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
In 1989 and 1990, Mr. Fei Xiaotong inspected Kunshan's economic development twice. He said that the development zone in Kunshan should be "recognized" and "since it has already succeeded, it should be acknowledged and granted the rights it deserves...”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
1988年1月13日,江苏省委、省政府向党中央、国务院报送了《关于加快发展
 +
外向型经济若干政策问题的请示报告》（苏政发〔!988〕1号文件）,要求批准昆山 经济技术开发区享受沿海开放城市经济技术开发区的同等待遇。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
On January 13, 1988, the Jiangsu Provincial Committee and Provincial Government submitted the "Report on Issues Related to Accelerating the Development of an Export-Oriented Economy" (Document No. 1 [1988] of the Jiangsu Government) to the Central Committee and the State Council, requesting that the Kunshan Economic and Technological Development Zone be granted equal treatment as the open coastal city economic and technological development zones.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
1990年2月7日,江苏省政府再次向国务院报送了《关于要求批准昆山经济 技术开发区的请示》（苏政发〔1990〕16号文件）……
 +
 
 +
 
 +
On February 7, 1990, the Jiangsu Provincial Government submitted another request to the State Council, "Regarding the Request for Approval of the Kunshan Economic and Technological Development Zone" (Document No. 16 [1990] of the Jiangsu Government)...
 +
 
 +
 
 +
什么时候昆山的开发区才能编入“正册”呢?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
When will the development zone in Kunshan finally be included in the "official list"?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
他多么希望这一天能够尽快地到来。（天遂人愿。就在这篇稿子准备发出的 6月20日前后,省长陈焕友、副省长高德正,率领全省11个市的市长和省政府各个 职能部门的主要领导,参观和视察了开发区,听取了昆山市委书记吴克铃和市长周 振华、副市长王金华的汇报,并且正式宣布:省委、省政府决定,把昆山列为江苏省 重点经济技术开发区,加快改革开放的步伐……）
 +
 
 +
 
 +
He longs for the day to come as soon as possible. As fate would have it, around June 20th, when this article was being prepared for publication, Governor Chen Huanyou and Deputy Governor Gao Dezhen led mayors from 11 cities across the province and key leaders from various functional departments of the provincial government to visit and inspect the development zone. They listened to the reports from Kunshan Party Secretary Wu Kequan, Mayor Zhou Zhenhua, and Deputy Mayor Wang Jinhua, and officially announced: the Provincial Committee and Provincial Government have decided to list Kunshan as a key economic and technological development zone in Jiangsu Province, accelerating the pace of reform and opening up...
 +
 
 +
 
 +
吴克铃露出了从未有过的欣慰笑容。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Wu Kequan revealed a satisfied smile he had never shown before.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
昆山的经济技术开发区得到了省委、省政府和党中央、国务院有关领导的高度 评价,吴克铃的思路在更加广泛更加深入的意义上得到了延伸和发展,他的梦他的 追求带上了更加绚丽多姿也更加辉煌的色彩……
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The Kunshan Economic and Technological Development Zone received high praise from the Provincial Committee, Provincial Government, and relevant leaders from the Central Committee and State Council. Wu Kequan's vision was extended and developed in a broader and deeper sense, and his dreams and pursuits took on even more splendid and glorious colors...
 +
 
 +
 
 +
倘说梦,还有很多很多遗憾,还有很多很多没有成为现实一
 +
 
 +
 
 +
If we talk about dreams, there are still many regrets and many things that have not yet become reality.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
外向型经济,1985年的政府工作报告,就放到了第一条的重要位置,但是想到 了而没有做好,至今创汇还很少……
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Export-oriented economy: In the 1985 government work report, it was placed in the first and most important position. However, the implementation has not been well-executed, and foreign exchange earnings remain minimal to this day...
 +
 
 +
 
 +
企业集团,像点样子的只有一个。还有几家可以做到的,但还没有重视还没有 成型
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Corporate groups: There is only one that is truly impressive. There are a few more that have the potential but have not yet been given enough attention or taken shape.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
还有,昆山虽可,也并非尽如人意,以权谋私、送礼行贿、滥吃滥喝、贪污腐 败……那些人那些事那些丑恶的现象,还没有彻底查处,也不可能很快就从根本上 加以杜绝
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Furthermore, although Kunshan has made progress, not everything is perfect. Abuse of power for personal gain, gift-giving and bribery, excessive eating and drinking, corruption... Those people, those events, and those ugly phenomena have not been thoroughly investigated and dealt with, nor can they be eradicated at their roots anytime soon.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
别忘了,还有他自己。人非完人,他也是留下了很多遗憾的。为了工作,他顶 撞过也得罪过一些人,有时说话让人接受不了,叫人不愉快;在ー些问题上,他会使 人觉得固执
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Let's not forget about himself as well. No one is perfect, and he too has left behind many regrets. For the sake of work, he has clashed with and offended some people. Sometimes his words were hard for others to accept, causing displeasure. On certain issues, he could come across as stubborn.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
啊,过去了,全过去了,“ー阵风,吹落了恩恩怨怨”,无论谁对谁错,都不必要 记着什么,计较什么了……
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Ah, it's all in the past now. "A gust of wind has blown away all the grievances." Regardless of who was right or wrong, there is no need to dwell on or dispute anything...
 +
 
 +
 
 +
人的政治生命是短暂的,只有事业永存。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
A person's political life is short, but their career lasts forever.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
腰又生疼,他艰难地挪动了一下,可惜没带三合板。他外出开会,总要带三合 板。南京的昆山办事处,就有一块木板。他去省里开会,就得把那块显然是削窄了 ー些的木板拿到住处去。席梦思他没福享受,腰身下垫块木板才能睡。沙发也不 行,坐硬靠背椅反而好一点。烟也不抽,酒也不沾,回到家里,除了面最好是ー碗白粥
 +
 
 +
 
 +
His waist ached again, and he struggled to shift his position. Unfortunately, he did not bring his folding board. Whenever he went out for meetings, he always brought his folding board with him. In the Kunshan office in Nanjing, there is a wooden board. When he goes to the provincial capital for meetings, he has to bring that slightly narrowed wooden board to his lodging.  He cannot enjoy the comfort of a mattress, and needs to sleep with a wooden board under his waist.  Sofas don't work either; sitting on a hard-backed chair is actually better for him.  He doesn't smoke or drink, and when he returns home, he prefers a simple bowl of rice porridge to anything else.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
吴克铃,你到底图什么?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Wu Kequan, what exactly are you after?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
他不答。他默默地但是执着地追求,为社会主义添砖加瓦,为人生旅途充实内 容。他想他做到了这一点,所以回首往事,他觉得有一种问心无愧的慰藉。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
He does not answer. He silently but persistently pursues his goals, contributing to socialism and enriching the content of his life's journey. He believes he has achieved this, so when he looks back on the past, he feels a sense of comfort without any regrets.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
于是他想到了家,想到了自己的病,他提出了退下来的请求。省委、市委原意 都是让他接任即将空缺的昆山市委书记,而他则建议由年轻的同志“组阁”。终于 得到了理解,于是他带着这个小小的秘密对妻子张德森说:“我可以松一 ロ气了,我 要到上海去检查身体了。”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
So he thinks about his family and his own illness, and he proposes stepping down. The Provincial and Municipal Committees initially intended for him to take up the soon-to-be vacant position of Kunshan Party Secretary, but he suggested that a younger comrade should "form the cabinet" instead. Finally, he was understood, and with this small secret, he told his wife Zhang Desen, "I can finally relax a bit, I'm going to Shanghai for a medical check-up.”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
张德森快人快语,这时却很少说话。对于昆山所取得的成绩,她由衷地高兴, 这里总有她丈夫的ー份心血啊!然而平心而论,她又觉得跟他结婚真是吃了一辈 子的苦:结婚时半间草屋六块钱（ー块钱结婚证、五块钱喜糖）,她生两个孩子时都 没吃到过ー只整鸡。丈夫当县长后她就更苦了,一次结肠发炎,没人照应,只好自 己拎了痰盂到玉山医院去。挂盐水没人陪,同病房的妇女说:“县长家属看病连我 们农民都不如呀!”她是20世纪50年代的大专生,当时就是培养对象,因为跟了他 从广州到武汉到北京到甘肃河西走廊……多年漂泊天涯,人到中年オ稍有安定之 所,偏偏他又当了县长,ー头扎进他的“思路”之中。如今,她虽然拿到了财务工作 30年的荣誉证书,但除此之外一无所有,只有太多的遗憾……
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Usually quick-witted and talkative, Zhang Desen speaks very little this time. She is genuinely happy for the achievements Kunshan has made, as her husband has put in so much effort here. However, to be fair, she feels that marrying him has brought her a lifetime of hardships: when they got married, they had a half-room grass hut and six yuan (one yuan for the marriage certificate, five yuan for wedding candies). She didn't even get to eat a whole chicken when she gave birth to their two children. Her life became even harder after her husband became the county mayor. Once, she had an inflamed intestine and there was no one to take care of her. She had no choice but to carry her own spittoon and go to the Yushan Hospital. There was no one to accompany her while receiving an IV drip, and a woman in the same ward said, "Even we farmers are treated better than the county mayor's family when we are hospitalized!" She was a college student in the 1950s and was considered a talent to be nurtured at the time. She followed him from Guangzhou to Wuhan, Beijing, and the Hexi Corridor in Gansu... After many years of wandering, she finally had a somewhat stable life in her middle age, but he became the county mayor and immersed himself in his "vision.” Now, although she has received an honorary certificate for her 30 years of work in finance, she has nothing else, only too many regrets...
 +
 
 +
 
 +
有时候,两个人ー起说心里话,她就忍不住要发牢骚,要说说心中的委屈:“老 吴啊,你对得起党,对得起人民,但是你对不起我,对不起儿女,也对不起你自 己……”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Sometimes, when the two of them had heart-to-heart conversations, she couldn't help but complain and express her grievances: "Old Wu, you have been loyal to the Party and the people, but you have not been fair to me, to our children, and even to yourself...”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
他理解妻子的话,体谅她的苦衷,他低头无语,惭愧难言。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
He understood his wife's words and empathized with her difficulties. He lowered his head in silence, feeling ashamed and at a loss for words.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
现在好了,他退下来了,他就想要补回对妻子儿女包括对他自己欠下的情 分一先看病,然后尽一点做丈夫做父亲的义务。因为天伦之乐对于ー个党员干 部来说同样是不可或缺,缺了就该补上的啊!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Now that he had stepped down, he wanted to make up for the emotional debts he owed to his wife, children, and even himself. First, he would seek medical treatment, and then fulfill his duties as a husband and father. After all, family happiness is indispensable for a Party member and an official, and it should be made up for if lacking!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
于是他到上海去检查身体。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
So he went to Shanghai for a health check-up.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
结果使全家人都感到震惊:腰椎炎,肩椎炎,心脏病,萎缩性胃炎,早期肝硬化!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The results shocked the entire family: lumbar spondylitis, shoulder spondylitis, heart disease, atrophic gastritis, and early-stage liver cirrhosis!
 +
 
 +
 
 +
更加使他震惊的还在后面:从上海回来后没几天,上级派人找他谈话,要他接 任市委书记,过渡一下,然后再说……
 +
 
 +
 
 +
What shocked him even more was what followed: just a few days after returning from Shanghai, his superiors sent someone to talk to him, asking him to take the position of Municipal Party Secretary, as a transitional arrangement, and then they would see...
 +
 
 +
 
 +
没能退,反而进了一步。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
He couldn't step down; instead, he moved up a step.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
那么,他的家他的身体呢?他什么时候才能对得起妻子儿女,也对得起他自 己呢?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
So, what about his family and his health? When could he finally be fair to his wife, children, and himself?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
结尾（之一）
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Ending (Part One)
 +
 
 +
 
 +
南方的冬比北方的冬还要冷。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The winter in the south is even colder than that in the north.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
摊开稿纸手就发抖,心也发抖,笔尖就在纸上打滑。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
As soon as I unfolded the paper, my hands began to tremble, and so did my heart, causing the pen to skid across the page.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
找到第一招待所,想借个有暖气的房间,偏偏客满了。小吴所长只好把办公室 旁边尘封的仓库打开。这里依然像ー个冰屋。好不容易挤出了一个有太阳的房 间,于是我喜不自禁一气呵成。晚上,在家里誉抄。半天一夜,近7000字的稿子第 二天就送走了。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
I tried to find a room with heating at the first guesthouse, but it was fully booked.  Left with no choice, Director Wu opened the dusty storeroom next to his office. The place still felt like an icehouse. Finally, we managed to squeeze into a sunlit room, and I was overjoyed to finish everything in one go. In the evening, I continued my work at home. After half a day and a night, I completed nearly 7,000 words, and the manuscript was sent out the next day. 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
不到ー个月,《人民日报》打样拼上了版面。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Within a month, it was featured in People's Daily.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
想了一下,还是和他打个招呼,就写了个字条告诉他这件事。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
I thought about it and decided to give him a heads-up, so I wrote a note informing him about the matter.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
电话打来:“我是吴克铃。《人民日报》的稿子不要发。”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The phone rang: "This is Wu Kequan. Don't send the manuscript to People's Daily.”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
我不能理解,我想说服他。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
I couldn't understand and wanted to persuade him.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
不行。说了一个多小时,最后当场拿起电话要北京的记者。记者有些不悦。 《人民日报》上篇报告文学并不是那么容易的。但……
 +
 
 +
 
 +
No luck. After talking for more than an hour, I finally picked up the phone to call a journalist in Beijing. The journalist was somewhat displeased. It wasn't easy to get a piece of reportage literature published in People's Daily. However... 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
我让他和记者直接通话。
 +
 
 +
I let him speak directly with the journalist.
 +
 
 +
最后,稿子还是撤了下来。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
In the end, the manuscript was withdrawn.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
结尾（之ニ）
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Ending (Part Two)
 +
 
 +
 
 +
以前昆山人外出,总觉得低人一等,哪方面都硬不起来,只好缩在角落里。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
In the past, when people from Kunshan went out, they always felt inferior, unable to hold their heads high, and had no choice but to hide in a corner.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
现在不同了。讲经济有开发区,有横向联合;讲文化有“大世界”,在全国也有 有影响力的代表人物……昆山人终于也有了自己的神气,也有了自己的骄傲。“朋 友,请到昆山看ー看——不是说建设有中国特色的社会主义吗?昆山可以给你 启发。”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Now, things are different.  Talking about the economy, there are development zones and horizontal collaboration; in terms of culture, there's the "Big World" and influential figures nationwide. Finally, people from Kunshan have their own confidence and pride. "Friends, please come to Kunshan for a visit – isn't it about building socialism with Chinese characteristics? Kunshan can inspire you.”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
什么时候,中国人在外国也能这样实在、这样神气就好了。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
It would be great if Chinese people could be this genuine and confident abroad as well.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
这就是我的“中国梦”。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
This is my "Chinese Dream.”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
结尾（之三）
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Ending (Part Three)
 +
 
 +
 
 +
回到本文开头。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Back to the beginning of this text:
 +
 
 +
 
 +
东欧局势的变化,显然是一次撼动全球、震惊数十亿人心灵的历史大事件。社
 +
会主义从一国实践到多国实践,又从一国失败到多国失败,悲壮还是悲哀?伟大还 是可怜?是滑铁卢还是奥斯特里茨?凄凄切切的挽歌还是振奋人心的进行曲?是 “始兴终亡”的验证还是优胜劣汰的规律?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The changes in the situation in Eastern Europe are undoubtedly a major historical event that has shaken the world and stunned billions of people. Socialism has gone from practice in one country to many, and from failure in one country to failure in many. Is it tragic or sorrowful? Great or pitiful? A Waterloo or Austerlitz? A mournful elegy or an uplifting march? Is it a verification of "rising and falling" or a law of the survival of the fittest?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
马翁如何回答?列宁做何感想?毛泽东还会用他那如椽大笔再次挥洒雄文, 在宇宙的天幕中亮出一句“只有社会主义才能救中国”吗?我问三位市（县）长。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
How would Marx respond? What would Lenin think? Would Mao Zedong, with his bold brush, once again write the powerful statement "Only socialism can save China" across the universe? I asked the three mayors (county mayors).
 +
 
 +
 
 +
吴克铃之前的县长孙福贵为官一任,两袖清风。吴当县长后他做人大常委会 主任,不久前因年事已高全退了,在宣布这件事的时候,全国劳模竟动了感情,差点 哭出来……
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Before Wu Kequan, the former county mayor Sun Fugui served with integrity and an unblemished reputation. After Wu became the county mayor, Sun Fugui served as the director of the Standing Committee of the People's Congress. Not long ago, he fully retired due to old age. When this news was announced, the national model worker was so moved that he almost burst into tears.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
但孙福贵还是退了。不会很久,吴克铃也要退。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
However, Sun Fugui still retired. Before long, Wu Kequan will also retire.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
他们走了,
 +
 
 +
 
 +
They departed, heading into the depths of the resplendent sunset...
 +
 
 +
 
 +
走向辉煌的タ阳深处……
 +
 
 +
 
 +
They departed, heading into the depths of the resplendent sunset... 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
现在的市长是周振华。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The current mayor is Zhou Zhenhua.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
我和三位市（县）长讨论:社会主义是不是乌托邦?
 +
 
 +
 
 +
I discussed with three county-level city mayors whether socialism is a utopia or not.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
他们的看法综合整理如下。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Their views are summarized as follows:
 +
 
 +
 
 +
无论是中国选择了社会主义还是社会主义选择了中国,这都无关紧要,要紧的 是,只有社会主义才能救中国。在中国,其他任何“主义”都不能代替社会主义,任 何政党都不能代替共产党,因为其他任何“主义”、任何政党都不能把中国11亿人 凝聚到ー起。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Whether China chooses socialism or socialism chooses China is not important. What matters is that only socialism can save China. In China, no other "ism" can replace socialism, and no political party can replace the Communist Party, because no other "ism" or any other political party can unite 1.1 billion people in China.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
社会主义不比别的任何“主义”差,问题是社会主义的优越性没有充分发挥。 1985年,吴克铃到日本厚木市去,ー了解,30年前,厚木市还不如当时的昆山,但现 在有17万人口,很发达。他就想,同样的基础搞发展,你搞资本主义,我搞社会主 义,我肯定用不了 30年就可以超过你的水平。所以说,要是没有那些翻来覆去的 折腾,中国的建设不会比西方慢。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Socialism is not inferior to any other "ism," but the problem is that its superiority has not been fully utilized. In 1985, Wu Kequan went to Atsugi City, Japan, to learn that 30 years ago, Atsugi City was not as developed as Kunshan at that time, but now it has a population of 170,000 and is beyond developed. He thought, with the same foundation for development, if you go for capitalism and I go for socialism, I will definitely surpass you in less than 30 years. Therefore, if there were no repeated turmoil, China's development would not be slower than the West's.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
ー些年轻人只说外国好,中国一无是处,干部腐败,没ー个好人。一次过年时, 吴克铃请合资企业的日方经理吃饭,家里地方太小就拆拆空,腾出地方,连台子都 是临时向招待所借的。尽管这样,日方经理还是大为惊讶:县长家就这么点地方、 这么点东西?后来他对人说:“我知道中国的政府官员是什么样子的了!”当然,人 家说我们好,不等于我们没有问题。不管怎么说,搞社会主义得有社会主义思想, 不能一改革就不讲奉献精神了,用封建主义、资本主义思想来搞社会主义是不 行的。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Some young people only praise foreign countries and criticize China, claiming that there is nothing good in China, that officials are corrupt, and that there are no good people. During a Chinese New Year, Wu Kequan invited the Japanese manager of the joint venture to dinner. Because his house was too small, he had to move things around and borrow a table from a hotel for the occasion. Despite this, the Japanese manager was still greatly surprised, "This is how small the house of a county chief is? And this is all they have?” Later, he told others, "Now I know what Chinese government officials are like!" Of course, just because someone says we're good doesn't mean we don't have problems. Regardless of the approach, socialism requires socialist ideology. We cannot abandon the spirit of dedication during the reform and implement socialism with feudal or capitalist ideology.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
建设社会主义不能教条,更不能一刀切。一刀切就乱了,就完了。“昆山之 路”也只有在昆山这块土地上オ产生得出来。昆山有昆山的特点,苏州有苏州的特 点,各市县都有各市县的特点。但这里有个基本点,就是实事求是,自力更生也要 实事求是。世界是多元的,世界上没有也不可能只有或只允许ー个“主义”。就是 在ー个“主义”中,也有不同的模式。世上的路并非只有一条,条条大路通罗马。 不管白猫黑猫,只要能使全社会富裕并且和平就是好猫。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Building socialism cannot be dogmatic, nor can it be one-size-fits-all. One-size-fits-all will only result in chaos and failure. The "Kunshan Path" can only be achieved on the land of Kunshan. Kunshan has its own unique features, as does Suzhou, and each city and county has its own distinctive characteristics. However, the basic principle is to seek truth from facts and be self-reliant. The world is diverse, and there is no single or exclusive "ism" in the world. Even within a single "ism," there are different models. There is no single path in the world, and all roads lead to Rome. Regardless of whether it is a white cat or a black cat, as long as it can make the whole society prosperous and peaceful, it is a good cat.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
社会主义是不是乌托邦?能做到两条就不是:ー要把经济搞上去,经济上去 了,什么都会改变,否则,一切都是“乌托邦”;二是党要管好自己。管好自己的关 键就是要摆正公仆和主人的位置,就是公仆要为人民服务。吴语中有句民谚:“一 代鲜鲜一代烟,代代鲜鲜碰着天。”社会主义要一代一代搞下去オ行。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Is socialism a utopia? It is not if two conditions are met: first, the economy must be improved, and once the economy is improved, everything will change; otherwise, everything will be a utopia. Second, the party must manage itself well.  The key to managing oneself well is to establish the correct relationship between serving as a public servant and a master. There is a saying in Wu dialect: "A new generation of freshness replaces the old, and every generation is fresh and encounters the sky.” Socialism must be promoted from generation to generation.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
大江东流去,几度タ阳红。问苍山黄土,说千古兴亡。我忽然莫名其妙地想到 了一句话:江山不会生癌。又莫名其妙地想到了自己写的一首诗一
 +
 
 +
The great river flows eastward, and the sun rises several times. Ask the Yellow Earth and the Grey Mountains, and they will say the rise and fall of nations will last forever.  Out of the blue, a strange thought crossed my mind: "The land will never suffer from cancer." Just as inexplicably, I remembered a poem that I had written.
 +
 
 +
在你手中
 +
 
 +
有一块金子
 +
 
 +
这块金子永远属于你
 +
 
 +
不管海枯石烂
 +
 
 +
也不管天崩地裂
 +
 
 +
你千万千万
 +
 
 +
不要把它抛弃
 +
 
 +
中国梦
 +
 
 +
永远属于你
 +
 
 +
 
 +
In your hands
 +
 
 +
 
 +
There is a piece of gold
 +
 
 +
 
 +
This gold will always belong to you
 +
 
 +
 
 +
No matter how the sea dries up
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Or the rocks crumble
 +
 
 +
 
 +
You must never
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Never abandon it
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The Chinese Dream
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Will always belong to you
 +
 
 +
 
 +
（原载《雨花》1990年第10期）
 +
 
 +
 
 +
(Originally published in the October 1990 issue of "Yuhua" magazine)
 +
 
 +
==卷四：5.休息的革命==
 +
 
 +
休息的革命（缩写本）
 +
 
 +
Revolution of Rest (Abridged Version)
 +
 
 +
王宏甲刘建
 +
 
 +
Wang Hongjia Liu Jan 
 +
 
 +
序言
 +
 
 +
Preface
 +
 
 +
人类经历了远古的“农业革命”、近代的“エ业革命”、当代的“高技术革命”,到 了今天,因高技术支持的生产カ空前发达,人类オ第一次有可能,并需要经历“休息 的革命”,为今天和未来的生活质量开辟新路。但是,非常难,因近代以来资本与技 术结盟的经济发展模式依然统治着世界。巨大的困难,并不在经济领域,而在精神 领域。所以,这是文学关心的命题。
 +
 
 +
Humanity has experienced the ancient ‘Agricultural Revolution’ the modern ‘Industrial Revolution’, and the contemporary ‘High-tech Revolution’. Today, with the unprecedented development of production supported by high technology, humanity for the first time has the opportunity and the need to experience a ‘Revolution of Rest’ to open up new paths for today and future quality of life. However, it is very difficult because the economic development model that has been dominated by the alliance of capital and technology since modern times still rules the world. The great difficulty lies not in the economic field, but in the spiritual field. So, this is the topic that literature cares about. 
 +
 
 +
“休息”在中国古代文化中意为“休养生息”。从剧烈的秦统ー战争结束再到 秦朝覆灭,西汉采取“与民休息”政策,使经济复苏、社会发展,并使中华多民族国 家的统ー在汉朝得到巩固。这“休息”所蕴含的社会和人生智慧,至今仍可探寻。
 +
 
 +
In ancient Chinese culture, “休息” means “rest and recuperate”. From the end of the fierce Qin-Tang war to the fall of the Qin Dynasty, the Western Han Dynasty adopted a policy of “resting with the people”, which promoted economic recovery and social development, and consolidated the unity of the multi-ethnic country of China under the Han Dynasty. The social and life wisdom contained in the word ‘rest’ can still be explored today. 
 +
 
 +
当今所称的国际金融危机,其实并非孤立地发生在金融领域,几乎所有生产领 域的困境都不是由于生产能力不足,而是过剩。科技的迅猛发展及其在生产中的 广泛应用,已使人类不需很多人员挤在工业生产中进行相互耗损性竞争,但这场危 机却使人们陷入更激烈的竞争。
 +
 
 +
The so-called international financial crisis today is not isolated to the financial sector. Almost all production sectors are facing difficulties not because of insufficient production capacity, but rather due to overcapacity. The rapid development of technology and its widespread application in production has eliminated the need for many people to compete with each other in industrial production, but this crisis has plunged people into even more intense competition. 
 +
 
 +
难道别无道路?审视三大产业结构,当发达国家的农业人口缩小到5%左右 时,中国有80%的农业人口 ;当发达国家工业人口缩小到10%以下时,中国工业人 ロ接近50%。今天,第三产业正在发达国家成为容纳最多就业人员的产业,中国 第三产业则是薄弱环节。倘能看清形势向第三产业转移,也不失为ー种理性选择。
 +
 
 +
Does this imply that there are no other options? If we examine the three major industrial sectors, we can see that while the agricultural population in developed countries has decreased to around 5%, in China, around 80% of the population is still engaged in agriculture. Similarly, while the industrial workforce in developed countries has shrunk to less than 10%, in China, the industrial workforce still accounts for close to 50% of the population. Today, the tertiary sector has become the industry employing the most people in developed countries, while in China, the tertiary sector is a weak link. If we can see clearly the trend of shifting to the tertiary industry, it is also a rational choice. 
 +
 
 +
旅游业是第三产业的龙头,是典型的消费型经济。文化产业亦然,而旅游业与 文化产业的“联姻”正在创造出前所未有的绚丽奇景。今天和未来,“休息的革命” 可首先在第三产业开拓的“休闲经济”里获得一种启蒙,这是值得全社会关注的。
 +
 
 +
The tourism industry is the leading industry of the tertiary sector and is a typical consumer-oriented economy. The cultural industry is the same, and the ‘marriage’ between the tourism industry and the cultural industry is creating unprecedented and magnificent scenery. Today and in the future, the ‘resting revolution’ can first be enlightened in the ‘leisure economy’ developed in the tertiary industry, which is worthy of attention from the whole society.
 +
 
 +
“休息的革命”当然不是不干活。本书以旅游业为主要描述对象,可以从中看 到最为典型的实践。30年前中国发展旅游业,正是从“走出去,玩ー玩”的“休息” 中发展出一片很大的天地。
 +
 
 +
“Revolution of Rest” certainly does not mean not working. This book primarily describes the tourism industry, from which we can see the most typical practices. Thirty years ago, China developed its tourism industry, which created a huge new market through the “go out and play” mentality of “resting”. 
 +
 
 +
由于我们长期重视科技、经济、教育等等,很多人对旅游这个“吃喝玩乐”的行 业究竟有多大作为不大关注。迄今很少人知道,中国旅游业正以年均约12%的速 度增长,高于同期国内生产总值的平均增长率,已是国民经济重要支柱产业。而 且,贡献远远不只体现在经济效益方面。
 +
 
 +
Due to our long-standing focus on technology, economy, education, and so on, many people have not paid much attention to the potential of the tourism industry, which is often seen as a sector for “eating, drinking, and having fun.” To this day, few people know that China's tourism industry is growing at an average annual rate of around 12%, higher than the average growth rate of the gross domestic product during the same period, and has become an important pillar of the national economy. Moreover, the contribution of the tourism industry is not only reflected in economic benefits. 
 +
 
 +
遍布中国的古迹,多是旅游行业挖空心思地ー个个修复或再造,然后就像“王 婆卖瓜”那样不遗余力地吆喝那“瓜”有多么好!因他们的吆喝,过去被批判为“腐 朽的封建主义”的东西,变成恢宏的数千年中华文明,温情地回到了我们的山山水 水,成为我们精神中辉煌的民族记忆。
 +
 
 +
The numerous historical relics scattered across China are tirelessly restored or recreated by the tourism industry, and then they enthusiastically promote these “melons” like “Wang Po selling melons”, touting how great they are! Because of their promotion, what was once criticized as the “decaying feudalism” has been transformed into the grand representation of thousands of years of Chinese civilization, warmly embraced in our landscapes, becoming the brilliant national memory in our hearts. 
 +
 
 +
旅游盘活的也远不只是古迹。单看艺术与旅游业“嫁接”,传统音乐、舞蹈以 及56个民族色彩斑斓的文化在旅游中复苏与创新,书画家的作品价格飙升,凡此 种种,对增强ー个国家的文化カ,是沛然化雨渗透到万万民众之中的。各省市“旅 游大篷车”还吆喝到国外,对中华风景与悠久文明的“推销”,规模和影响都是空前 的。直到这时,旅游业的重大作用仍未被足够认识。很少人知道,旅游业每增加1 人就业,可促进相关产业增加5人就业。世界上还没有一个产业,像旅游业这样与 各国人们广泛接触,与民生休戚相关,与百业相连。岂止是经济支柱?更养育精 神,承载如此宽广的社会担当,可谓ー业九鼎重千秋。
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The revitalization brought about by tourism is not limited to ancient relics. Looking just at the combination of art and tourism, traditional music, dance, and the colorful cultures of the 56 ethnic groups have been revived and innovated in the tourism industry. The works of painters and calligraphers have also skyrocketed in price. All of these initiatives have contributed to enhancing the cultural confidence of a nation and have penetrated into the hearts of millions of people. Provinces and cities have even taken their “tourism caravans” abroad to promote China's landscapes and rich history, resulting in unprecedented scale and influence. Even at this point, the significant role of the tourism industry has not been fully recognized. Few people are aware that for every additional person employed in the tourism industry, it has the potential to stimulate employment for five individuals in related sectors. There is no industry in the world that has such extensive interaction with people from different countries, such close ties to people's livelihoods, and such deep connections to various sectors as the tourism industry. It is not just an economic pillar, but it also nurtures the spirit and carries such a broad social responsibility. It can be described as an industry of great significance and enduring importance. 
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今天回头看看,中国旅游业30年来以“马超龙雀”的发展速度营造出的巨大消 费市场,已然是拯救金融危机时期经济困境的ー支宏伟力量。联合国世界旅游组 织预测中国到2015年将成为世界最大的旅游目的地国家。中国旅游业方兴未艾, 可谓“九万里风鹏正举” 〇本书的完成并非给中国旅游业过去的30年画个句号,而 是为促进当今和未来社会各业的和谐运转,提供ー个新的起点、新的观念。换句话 说,这是一本为今天和明天写的书。
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Upon reflection, the Chinese tourism industry's remarkable growth over the past 30 years has generated a massive consumer market, akin to a magnificent force capable of alleviating economic distress during periods of financial crises. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization, it is predicted that by 2015, China will emerge as the world's largest tourist destination country. The Chinese tourism industry is still thriving, as one could describe it as “a phoenix soaring over a distance of nine thousand miles” (meaning it is in a period of rapid and impressive development). The completion of this book does not signify the end of the past 30 years for China's tourism industry, but rather a new start and a new perspective aimed at promoting the harmonious functioning of various sectors in today's society and the future. In other words, this book is written for today and tomorrow. 
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“休息的革命”,不只是对眼前的全球性经济困境而言。
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The “Revolution of Rest” goes beyond the current global economic challenges. 
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从欧洲国家开发殖民地以来,到现代科技迅猛发展,“优胜劣汰”“以强汰弱” 的意识影响到世界各地。由此形成的快速发展、争先发展的意识和行为,促使工业 时代对资源的掠夺性开采把地球刨挖凿钻得百孔千疮,到20世纪人类的生存环境 发生了全面危机。为了不被别人灭掉,仍然要绞尽脑汁争强夺胜,奋カ竞争。这是 个无休无止没有宁日的人生消耗战。许多好时光都折腾进去了,各种压カ无孔不 入地摧残着人的健康。人类到底在被什么驱赶?生活本身的乐趣在哪儿?生命的
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尊严、美好在哪儿?
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Since European countries began expanding their colonial influence and with the rapid advancement of modern technology, the awareness of survival of the fittest and strong prevail over the weak has influenced regions worldwide. As a result, there has been a prevailing mindset and behavior of rapid development and striving for advancement, which has led to exploitative resource extraction and inflicted extensive damage upon the Earth, culminating in a comprehensive crisis in the human living environment in the 20th century. To avoid being wiped out by others, one must still rack their brains and strive to win, fiercely competing. It is an endless, relentless battle of life with no respite or peaceful days. Many good times are consumed, and various pressures infiltrate, relentlessly affecting people's health. What exactly drives humanity? Where is the joy of life? Where is the dignity and beauty of life? 
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人类并不是生产的奴隶。人类需要从疯狂地追逐发展速度中觉醒,从疯狂的 相互耗损性竞争中觉醒,以新的生活方式和精神,给自己疲惫的生活、受伤的心灵 放假。
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Human beings are not slaves of production. Humanity needs to awaken from the relentless pursuit of rapid development, from the frantic and depleting competition, and find new ways of living and nourishing the spirit, granting respite to their weary lives and wounded souls. 
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今天人们寻求“可持续发展”,在我看来,更智慧的意识该是中国古典智慧中 重视的“和谐运转”。当生产能力过剩,运转失衡,重要的就不是哪个行业如何发 展,而是整个社会如何和谐运转,不能和谐运转就有危机。过去的30年,中国重视 发展贫困地区的旅游业,这里就有强弱结合,资源互补,并不是“以强汰弱”,而是 重视相互依存。这渊源联系着中国古老的智慧,君不见中国远古就有阴阳和谐观 吗?和谐运转不仅包括解决产业结构的失衡,还包括如何解决贫富差距等问题。
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In today's world, there is a growing pursuit of sustainable development. From my perspective, a deeper understanding rooted in Chinese classical wisdom places emphasis on the concept of “harmonious coexistence”. When there is overcapacity and imbalance in production, the crucial focus shifts from the development of specific industries to how the entire society can achieve harmonious functioning. In the past 30 years, China has placed emphasis on developing the tourism industry in impoverished regions. This approach fosters a combination of strengths, resource complementarity, and values interdependence, rather than a “survival of the fittest” mentality. This connection is rooted in ancient Chinese wisdom. Have you not heard of the ancient Chinese concept of Yin and Yang and their harmonious coexistence? The notion of harmonious functioning encompasses not only addressing imbalances in industrial structure but also addressing issues such as wealth disparity. 
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所谓“休养生息”,就是在激烈的争锋中,在人类付出的惨痛代价中,要冷静地 寻找有利于人类生息相存的生活智慧来拯救自己。在科技发达、生产能力也空前 发达的当代世界,人类需要发展休闲经济来革新发展经济的方式。
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The concept of “rest and recuperation” refers to the need to calmly seek life wisdom that benefits the coexistence of humanity amidst fierce competition and the painful cost paid by human beings. In the contemporary world, characterized by advanced technology and unprecedented productive capacity, humanity needs to develop the leisure economy to revolutionize the way economic development is pursued. 
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在人类通过一次次“生产革命” “技术革命”来营建生活的历史进程中,倘能觉 悟到可以通过发展休闲经济来促进社会各业趋向平衡,这是更高层面的可持续发 展,并可望普遍地提升人类的生活质量。这无论从思想认识、精神境界和经济形式 上都是深具革命性的。在这个世界性的背景上来审视“休息的革命”,将发现这是 个庄严的命题,具有值得我们去深究的丰富内涵。
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Throughout the historical progression of human civilization, marked by various “industrial revolutions” and “technological revolutions,” there is an opportunity for us to realize that the development of the leisure economy can contribute to a more balanced and sustainable society. This is deeply revolutionary in terms of ideological understanding, spiritual realm, and economic form. By examining the concept of the “Revolution of Rest” within the global context, we recognize its profound significance and rich implications, deserving further in-depth exploration. 
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“休息的革命”无疑需要人们以清醒的头脑智慧地参与,这需要认识它为人生 带来的好处。仍以人类以往走向旅游的经历为例,可以看到游历对于人生的全面 发展有多么重要。
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Undoubtedly, the “revolution of rest” requires active and wise participation from individuals, which necessitates recognizing the benefits it brings to one's life. Taking the past experiences of humanity's inclination towards travel as an example, we can see how important exploring the world is for comprehensive personal development. 
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人生之旅,就得去“履”。ー个人在ー个地方待久了,生活环境会对自己造成 封闭。人们还可能把习惯当真理,这就需要走出去。所谓“履历”,不应限于读书 工作的经历,这“履”是穿着鞋天南海北去游历。世界因此而广阔,人间因此而亲 近。没有旅游的经历怎有履历?
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Life is a journey that requires us to “step” forward. When we stay in one place for too long, the environment can create a sense of enclosure within ourselves. People may also mistake their habits for truths, and that's when we need to venture out. The concept of “resume” goes beyond academic and professional experiences; it encompasses the act of venturing out and exploring far and wide, immersing oneself in diverse places and cultures. The world becomes vast as a result, and humanity becomes more connected. How can one have a well-rounded resume without the experience of travel? 
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“博览群书”（未必要读万卷书）与“行万里路”同等重要。闭门读书会读成书 呆子。鞋里存储的记忆,比在学校读十几年书更牢靠、立体、开阔而有用。
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The act of “broadening one's knowledge through reading” (not necessarily reading thousands of books) is equally important as “traveling thousands of miles.” Merely confining oneself to reading books in seclusion can lead to a narrow-minded approach. The memories stored in the “shoes”, are more reliable, vivid, expansive, and useful than many years of schooling. 
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孔子周游列国,丰富了识见。司马迁游踪达半个神州,オ有生动翔实的《史记》。李白年纪轻轻仗剑去国,辞亲远游。“飞流直下三千尺,疑是银河落九天。” 他的诗歌自由如云,得益于山川造化。和尚云游四海,弘扬了佛教文化。《西游 记》取材于玄奘取经,而玄奘游记显然不只是传播了佛经。
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Confucius enriched his knowledge through his travels across different states, which expanded his insights and understanding. Sima Qian traveled extensively across half of ancient China, resulting in the creation of the vivid and detailed “Records of the Grand Historian.” 
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Li Bai, at a young age, embarked on a journey with his sword, bidding farewell to his family and traveling afar. “Like a cascading waterfall descending three thousand feet, it appears as if the Milky Way has fallen from the heavens.” His poetry was as free-flowing as the clouds, greatly influenced by the natural wonders of mountains and rivers. Similarly, Buddhist monks traveling across the four seas spread and promoted Buddhist culture. “The Journey to the West” draws inspiration from Xuanzang's pilgrimage to obtain Buddhist scriptures, but Xuanzang's travelogue clearly encompassed more than just the dissemination of Buddhist texts.
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曹孟德观沧海,陈子昂登幽州台,王勃过滕王阁,很多人生识见在行旅中领悟 得到。湖光塔影,海浪江涛,能引起诗人的遐想,也能启迪书法家的胸怀。王羲之 将郊游视为“游目骋怀”，“仰观宇宙之大,俯察品类之盛”,オ留下不朽的《兰亭集 序》。
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Cao Mengde (Cao Cao) gazed upon the boundless sea, Chen Ziang ascended the tower in Youzhou, and Wang Bo passed by the Terrace of Tengwang. Many individuals have gained profound insights and understanding of life through their experiences and journeys. The shimmering reflections on the lake, the crashing waves of the sea, not only evoke poetic reverie but also inspire calligraphers’ hearts. Wang Xizhi regarded outings as a way to “broaden the gaze and expand the mind,” as he wrote in his immortal “Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Collection.” 
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宋代游记名篇辈出。王安石《游褒禅山记》,范仲淹《岳阳楼记》,欧阳修《醉翁 亭记》,都是极好的散文名篇。苏东坡在逆境中也是开开心心的,登山临水,写字画 画,喝酒吃肉,吟诗赏月。“一点浩然气,千里快哉风。”举手投足间洋溢着超凡而 不脱俗的大度,支撑他的是心中广博的中华文化。
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The Song Dynasty witnessed the emergence of numerous outstanding travelogues and famous works. Wang Anshi's “Record of the Visit to the Mount Baochan,” Fan Zhongyan's “Record of the Yueyang Tower,” and Ouyang Xiu's “Record of the Pavilion of the Drunken Old Man” are all excellent masterpieces of prose. Su Dongpo remained cheerful even in adversity, climbing mountains, enjoying the waters, writing and painting, indulging in food and drink, and composing poems while appreciating the moon. “With a trace of vast righteousness, I am as swift as the wind, traveling a thousand miles.” With every gesture and movement, he exuded extraordinary and yet unassuming magnanimity, supported by his profound knowledge of Chinese culture. 
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徐霞客22岁开始步行远游,成为伟大的地理学家。郑和七下西洋,更是令世 界震撼的壮游!“天下兴亡,匹夫有责。”这是顾炎武的名言。顾炎武一年中有一 半时间在旅店里住宿,每到一处,把实地考察与书本上的记载对照研究,《京东考古 录》《昌平山水记》等书,就是他旅游治学的成果。孙中山游历美国,萌生了他的新 思想。蔡元培游历欧洲,回国出任北大校长。周恩来游学法国,那“难酬蹈海亦英 雄”的豪情,是容纳中外也是承前启后的。
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Xu Xiake, starting at the age of 22, embarked on extensive journeys on foot, ultimately becoming a great geographer. Zheng He's seven voyages to the Western Seas were an awe-inspiring feat that shook the world. “The rise and fall of nations concerns every individual,” is a famous quote by Gu Yanwu. He spent half of the year staying in inns, comparing firsthand observations with recorded accounts from books in every place he visited. His works, such as “Records of Archaeological Exploration in Jingdong” and “Scenic Memoirs of Changping,” were the fruits of his scholarly travels. Sun Yat-sen’s journey to the United States sparked his new ideology. Cai Yuanpei traveled to Europe and returned to China to assume the presidency of Peking University. Zhou Enlai studied in France, and his heroic spirit of “Unfulfilled, I’d brave the sea, as heroes did with bravery.” encompasses both embracing the world and carrying on the past to inspire the future. 
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因远行而打开识见,提升的不仅是个人。四大文明古国中没有希腊,但古希腊 人被称为“全然的旅行者”,正是旅游使他们走到了发达的两河流域和古埃及,吸 收他人文明而使希腊成为欧洲文明的发祥地。
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By embarking on distant journeys, one not only broadens their horizons but also experiences personal growth. Among the four ancient civilizations, Greece was not included, but the ancient Greeks were known as “complete travelers”. It was through travel that they were able to reach the prosperous regions of Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt, absorbing the culture of others and making Greece the birthplace of European civilization. 
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中国历史岁月中的旅游,其实多么悠久绚丽。中国话“观光”,语出《易经》。 谓“观国之光”,意为观览国之光辉。3000年前周穆王巡游非只游山玩水。一国之 主,不游历国土,不知国情与民情,何以治国?周穆王远游波斯（今伊朗）,最早踏 出中国通往西域的道路。秦修大道,车同轨,沟通天下,与其说为秦始皇出游带来 方便,莫如说为中国的统ー开辟了大道。汉武帝七登泰山,六出萧关,出游打破诸 侯封闭,九州热土,千秋归汉。隋炀帝扬帆出游,促进了大运河开发。游历会大大 开阔君王眼界,以及当代领导者的智识和胸怀,从而影响ー个民族或ー个企业。
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The history of tourism in China is also remarkably extensive and splendid. The Chinese term for “sightseeing” originates from the Book of Changes (Yi Jing). It refers to “observing the light of a nation” and signifies the admiration of a nation's brilliance. Three thousand years ago, King Mu of the Zhou Dynasty's royal tour was not merely for leisurely pursuits like enjoying mountains and rivers. The ruler of a nation who does not travel across the land and remains unaware of the state of the country and its people, how can they effectively govern? King Mu of Zhou embarked on a distant journey to Persia (modern-day Iran), thus pioneering the earliest route from China to the Western Regions. The construction of the Great Wall by the Qin Dynasty, with its standardized roads and unified carriages, facilitated communication throughout the empire. It can be said that it not only brought convenience to Emperor Qin Shi Huang's travels but also opened up a grand pathway for the unification of China. Emperor Wu of Han ascended Mount Tai seven times, ventured beyond the Xiao Pass six times, and through his travels, broke the seclusion of the feudal lords. His actions stirred up the entire land of the nine provinces, leading to a period where all regions ultimately acknowledged the Han rule. Emperor Yang of Sui set sail on his travels, promoting the development of the Grand Canal. Traveling can greatly broaden the horizons of kings, as well as the wisdom and vision of contemporary leaders, thereby affecting a nation or a corporation. 
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古典时代先人走向旅游,或许有“天人合一”的更多默契。那里的“天”,包括 自然也包括社会。到现代,我们可能以“革命加拼命”的方式覆盖了先人丰富生命 质量的智慧。游历对于人生与社会的全面发展是深具意义的。可以肯定地说:不 读书不能治愚,不远行难有出息。为人父母要有意识地带孩子去远行。如果你依 然埋头于读书或工作,尚未意识到旅游对于人生举足轻重的塑造功能,其实是ー种 损失。一旦体会到,你也将会从这种“休息”中感受到ー种“革命”的心灵震动。
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In the classical era, our ancestors embarked on journeys, perhaps with a deeper understanding of the harmony between heaven and man. The “heavens” there, encompass both nature and society. In the modern era, we may have overlaid the wisdom of our ancestors on enriching the quality of life with a “revolution plus hard work” approach. Travel is deeply meaningful for the holistic development of life and society. It can be affirmed that without reading, ignorance cannot be cured, and without traveling far, it is hard to achieve anything significant. As parents, we need to consciously take our children on long journeys. If you are still immersed in reading or work and have not realized the significant shaping function of travel on life, it is actually a kind of loss. Once you experience it, you will also feel a kind of “revolutionary” spiritual shock from this kind of “rest”.
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ー、开放之门
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Chapter 1 Opening the Gate 
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国门在哪儿?在天上? 1978年,中国民航飞机的日利用时间オ1.9个小时。 国门刚开一条缝,西方人就来了。住宿难惊动中南海!开放国家“禁苑”迎游客, 调军用飞机把旅客送往天津住宿,这事反映国情也反映人情。紧张状况延续到 1982年,空军部队还派出1800多架次飞机协助空运游客,此种情景举世无双。
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Where is the national gate? In the sky? In 1978, the daily utilization time of Chinese civil aircraft was 1.9 hours. As soon as the national gate opened a crack, Westerners came. Difficulty in accommodation shocked Zhongnanhai! Opening the national “forbidden city” to welcome tourists, and arranging military aircraft to send tourists to Tianjin for accommodation, this situation reflected both national conditions and human nature. The tense situation continued until 1982 when the Air Force dispatched more than 1,800 flights to assist in the air transport of tourists, a scenario unique in the world. 
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1.国门开启一条缝
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1. A Sliver Opens in the Nation's Gate
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2.关于改革,人们常说是从小岗村实行承包制开始的。很少人想过,开放,是从 旅游业打开国门拉开序幕的。
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About reform, people often say it started with the contract system implemented in Xiaogang Village. Few people have thought that opening up began with the tourism industry opening the national gate. 
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1978年3月5日,中共中央下发红头文件,增加对外开放城市,成立旅游机构, 发展旅游业。当时人们并未感到有多大动静,这却是件历史性的大事。这意味着 对外开放,意味着封闭多年的国门由此打开。外电评价:这是“红色中国”第一次 公开允许外国人以旅游者身份进入中国。
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On March 5, 1978, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a official document, expanding the number of cities open to the world, establishing tourism agencies, and developing the tourism industry. At the time, people didn't feel much of a stir, but this was a historical event. This implied opening up to the outside world, signifying the opening of the nation's gate that had been closed for many years. Foreign media commentary: This is the first time that “Red China” has openly allowed foreigners to enter China as tourists. 
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此时,中共中央十一届三中全会尚未召开,安徽凤阳小岗村18户农民也尚未 召开那个按手印的“大包干”秘密会议。
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At that time, the third plenary session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China had not yet been held, and the 18 farmers of Xiaogang Village in Fengyang, Anhui, had not yet held that secret “contract responsibility system” meeting with handprints. 
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今天人们常说,改革开放,国门大开。
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Today, people often say, with reform and opening up, the country's doors are wide open. 
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其实,1978年,国门只是刚刚开启一条缝。
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Actually, in 1978, the national door was just slightly ajar.
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那时候,还不是你想来就能来的,有名额限制和一套内控条例。在签证时,对 入境的外国人卡得很严格,记者就不让进。那时候,西方称苏联是“铁幕”,称中国 是“竹幕”。
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At that time, it was not the case that you could come if you wanted to, there were quota restrictions and a set of internal control regulations. During the visa application, the scrutiny for foreigners entering the country was very strict, journalists were not allowed in. At that time, the West referred to the Soviet Union as the “Iron Curtain”, and China was called the “Bamboo Curtain”. 
 +
 
 +
对世界来说,中国还是个巨大的谜。这大门里生活着1〇多亿人呢!所以,国 门初开一条缝,国外的捷足先登者挤进来了,还有更多的外国人挤在这条缝外,进 不来。
 +
 
 +
To the world, China was a vast mystery. Over a billion people live behind this big door! Therefore, when the national door was just slightly open, foreign early adopters squeezed in, and many more foreigners were squeezed outside this gap, unable to come. 
 +
 
 +
虽然,国务院已经下发了发展旅游、挣取外汇的文件,但在对外开放的问题上, 当时某些高层领导还有种种疑虑:
 +
 
 +
Although the State Council had already issued documents on developing tourism and earning foreign exchange, there were still various doubts among some senior leaders at the time regarding the issue of opening up: 
 +
 
 +
“是不是开放得太早了?”
 +
 
 +
“Did we open up too early?” 
 +
 
 +
“会不会把特务放进来,窃取了情报怎么办?”
 +
 
 +
“What if spies are let in and steal our intelligence?” 
 +
 
 +
“国外资产阶级生活方式会不会腐蚀我们的干部?”
 +
 
 +
“Will the bourgeois lifestyle from abroad corrupt our officials?” 
 +
 
 +
“会不会把我们的干部带出去?”
 +
 
 +
“Will they take our officials away?” 
 +
 
 +
“我们落后的地方,不能给外人看。”
 +
 
 +
“We can't let foreigners see our underdeveloped aspects.” 
 +
 
 +
在十一届三中全会召开之前,1978年10月9日,邓小平会见美国泛美航空公 司董事长西威尔,就对陪同会见的国家旅游局和民航总局的负责人说:“民航、旅游 这两个行业很值得搞。”
 +
 
 +
Before the third plenary session of the 11th Central Committee was convened, on October 9, 1978, Deng Xiaoping met with the Chairman of Pan American World Airways, Seawell, and said to the heads of the China National Tourism Administration and the Civil Aviation Administration who accompanied the meeting: “The civil aviation and tourism industries are very worth developing.” 
 +
 
 +
小平还说:“ー个旅行者花费1000美元,一年接待1000万旅行者,就可以赚 100亿美元。就算接待一半,也可以赚50亿美元。要力争本世纪末达到这个创汇 目标。”
 +
 
 +
Xiaoping also said, “If one traveler spends 1000 dollars, receiving 10 million travelers a year would earn us 10 billion dollars. Even if we receive only half, we can still earn 5 billion dollars. We should strive to achieve this foreign exchange goal by the end of this century.”
 +
 
 +
1979年1月到7月,邓小平又连续发表了《旅游业要变成综合性的行业》《旅 游事业大有文章可做》《发展旅游事业,增加国家收入》《把黄山的牌子打出去》等 四篇讲话。他毫不犹豫地说:“旅游事业大有文章可做,要突出地搞,加快地搞。旅 游赚钱多,来得快,没有还不起外债的问题,为什么不能大搞呢「’
 +
 
 +
From January to July in 1979, Deng Xiaoping successively gave four speeches: “The Tourism Industry Should Become a Comprehensive Industry”, “There is Much Potential in the Tourism Industry”, “Develop the Tourism Industry to Increase National Income”, and “Promote Huangshan to the World”. He confidently stated, “There is much potential in the tourism industry, and it should be promoted and accelerated. Tourism is profitable and quick to yield returns, it doesn't create unpayable foreign debts. Why can't we promote it more aggressively?” 
 +
 
 +
于是,门缝拉大了。
 +
 
 +
Thus, the gap in the door widened. 
 +
 
 +
中国向世界旅游者打开了一扇门。
 +
 
 +
China opened a door to tourists from around the world. 
 +
 
 +
“到中国去!”这是近百年来第一次出现的国际时髦声音。
 +
 
 +
“Visit China!” This became a trendy international call for the first time in nearly a century. 
 +
 
 +
不同国家、不同种族的四海宾朋蜂拥而来。一种世界性的冲动,开放的大戏, 在中国旅游领域拉开了序幕。
 +
 
 +
Guests of different nationalities and races from all over the world came in droves. A global urge, the grand spectacle of openness, has commenced in China's tourism sector. 
 +
 
 +
当五洲四海语言不同、肤色各异的朋友三五成群频频出现在长安街时,相当多 人还不明白是怎么回事,念叨着:这不是“文革”中要打倒的“帝国主义”吗?怎么 跑到长安街来了?还有人说,八国联军的后代,怎么成了 “义和团”后代的“座上 宾”?我们还坚持社会主义吗?
 +
 
 +
When friends from all around the world, speaking different languages and having different skin colors, began to appear frequently in groups on Chang’an Street, many people didn’t understand what was happening. They wondered: Aren't these the “imperialists” we were supposed to overthrow during the “Cultural Revolution”? How did they end up on Chang’an Street? Others said, how did the descendants of the Eight-Nation Alliance become honored guests of the descendants of the “Boxers”? Are we still upholding socialism? 
 +
 
 +
但中国毕竟有礼仪之邦的悠久传统,大多数国人具有与生俱来的好客古风,所 以也有很多人向外宾送去友好的微笑。
 +
 
 +
However, China, after all, has a long tradition of being a country of etiquette. Most Chinese people have an inherent hospitality, so many people also greeted the foreign guests with friendly smiles. 
 +
 
 +
从接待来说,“内紧外松”,接待者的心情也很复杂。因为内部还绷着“阶级斗 争”之弦,中国国际旅行社的导游每次陪团都得花几小时写出“情况报告”。导游 小心翼翼,如履薄冰,不能有任何疏忽和闪失。
 +
 
 +
From a reception perspective, it was a situation of “tight on the inside, relaxed on the outside”, and the feelings of the hosts were complex. Since the “class struggle” was still a tense issue domestically, tour guides from China International Travel Service(CITS) had to spend several hours writing “situation reports” each time they accompanied a group. The tour guides were very cautious, like walking on thin ice, with no room for negligence or mistakes. 
 +
 
 +
ー对台湾老夫妻跟随香港旅行团入了境。公安局担心他们是“特务”,嘱告导 游“不要给他们单独活动的机会”。实际上,这对时隔30年オ返乡的老夫妻也在思 忖:“共产党会不会对我们怎么样?”
 +
 
 +
An elderly couple from Taiwan entered the country with a Hong Kong tour group. The Public Security Bureau, worried they might be spies, instructed the tour guide to “not give them opportunities for independent activities.” In reality, this couple, who were returning home after 30 years, were also pondering, “Will the Communist Party do something to us?” 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
1979年了,我们的国门是打开了,但我们的意识还很不开放。我们开放的步 伐,还没有迈开大步。
 +
 
 +
It was 1979, our national doors were open, but our mind was not very open yet. Our steps toward openness had not yet been taken in strides. 
 +
 
 +
“当时外国人要进来不容易,首先要取得国旅的指标,而国旅指标是有控制的,
 +
像发粮票ー样,年初分配名额给法国、英国、美国等各国的旅行商。旅行商为争取 到更多的名额,经常与国旅争得面红耳赤。”王尔康说。
 +
 
 +
“At that time, it was not easy for foreigners to enter. Firstly, they needed to obtain a quota from the CITS, which was controlled like ration coupons, with quotas being allocated to travel agents from countries like France, Britain, and the United States at the beginning of the year. Travel agents often argued fiercely with the CITS to secure more quotas,” said Wang Erkang.
 +
 
 +
王尔康原是个外交官,一身文气,早年担任国旅总经理,是中国旅游业的“活档 案”。他清瘦挺直的身材,敏锐的眼睛,让人过目难忘。他说国外旅行商常抱怨说: “我们是拼命发展旅游,你们是限制旅游。”
 +
 
 +
Wang Erkang, a former diplomat with a scholarly demeanor, served as the general manager of the CITS in his early years and is considered a “living archive” of the Chinese tourism industry. His slim and upright figure, and keen eyes, are unforgettable. He said that foreign travel agents often complained, “We are desperately developing tourism, but you are restricting it.” 
 +
 
 +
1979年,美国有17万人申请来华旅游,只有2万人获准。在日本年轻人中,4 个人就有3个想到中国旅游,报名到西安的就有120万人。各国要求来华旅游的 人数都远远超过国旅定额。海外华侨来华,归中国旅行社负责统筹,也有名额限 制。有些华侨登记排队好多年了,还没有获得签证。五洲四海的声音都在问:“你 们不是也想挣外汇吗?为什么有钱不赚?”
 +
 
 +
In 1979, 170,000 Americans applied to travel to China, but only 20,000 were approved. Among young people in Japan, three out of four wanted to travel to China, with 1.2 million signing up for trips to Xi'an. The number of people from various countries who requested to travel to China far exceeded the quota set by the CITS. Overseas Chinese coming to China were managed by CITS, and they also had quota restrictions. Some overseas Chinese had been on the waiting list for many years and still had not received a visa. People from all over the world were asking, “Don't you also want to earn foreign exchange? Why are you not taking the money?” 
 +
 
 +
在当年还相当简陋的会议室、办公室里,国家旅游总局组织学习小平讲话精神 的春夏秋冬,大家都还记忆犹新。这记忆告诉我们,封闭久了,打开我们的观念之 门,并不比下个文件打开国门容易。
 +
 
 +
In the rather rudimentary meeting rooms and offices of that year, the memory of studying Deng Xiaoping's speeches during the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter under the organization of the China National Tourism Administration(CNTA) is still fresh in everyone's mind. This memory tells us that after being closed for a long time, opening the doors of our mindset is not any easier than issuing a document to open the national doors. 
 +
 
 +
春夏秋冬,我们像大扫除那样,一次次地清除旅游工作就是“吃喝玩乐”“洋奴 思想”“为资产阶级服务”等“文革”遗留的影响。大扫除后,我们的会议室、办公室 里也布置出新的景观。新景观能形象地说明,我们已经认识到,旅游业是“无烟エ 业”,是“无形贸易”,是投资少、见效快、多创外汇的综合性经济事业。我们还记住 了陈云同志的话:“旅游收入实际上是'风景出口 ’,比外贸出口收入来得快。”
 +
 
 +
Throughout the seasons, we, like conducting a major cleanup, repeatedly eliminated the influence left by the “Cultural Revolution” that suggested tourism work was merely about “indulgence”, “subservience to foreigners”, and “serving the bourgeoisie”. After the major cleanup, our meeting rooms and offices also took on a new look. The new scenery vividly shows that we have recognized that the tourism industry is a “smokeless industry”, an “invisible trade”, and a comprehensive economic venture that requires little investment, yields quick results, and generates much foreign exchange. We also remember Comrade Chen Yun's words: "Tourism income is essentially ‘scenery export’, which generates income faster than traditional exports.” 
 +
 
 +
那时,很多人还不了解外汇,但开始对有外汇的人刮目相看。搞旅游工作的则 开始懂得,外汇储备是ー个国家在国际经济活动中实カ的象征。国家持有的外汇 储备可以保障国家进口重要战略物资、关键技术,还能保障金融体系的安全。万一 发生战争、灾害,或者国际经济形势突然变化,国家银行可以用充足的外汇储备来 应对突发的金融风险。
 +
 
 +
At that time, many people still didn't understand foreign exchange, but they started to look up to those who had foreign exchange. Those involved in the tourism industry began to understand that foreign exchange reserves are a real symbol of a country's participation in international economic activities. The foreign exchange reserves held by a country can ensure the import of important strategic materials and key technologies, as well as safeguard the security of the financial system. In case of war, disaster, or sudden changes in the international economic situation, the national bank can use ample foreign exchange reserves to cope with sudden financial risks. 
 +
 
 +
旅游外汇换汇率比出口物资换汇率高。按1978年计算,出口的物资,平均约 二元七八角人民币的东西换回一美元。有些轻エ业产品由于花色品种不适应国际 市场的需要,卖不出好价格,往往要用四五元人民币的东西才能换回一美元外汇, 而旅游外汇,只需要一元五角多人民币就可以换回一美元。
 +
 
 +
The exchange rate for tourism foreign exchange is higher than that for exported goods. Based on calculations from 1978, on average, goods worth about 2.7-2.8 RMB could be exchanged for one US dollar in exports. Some light industry products, due to their designs and varieties not meeting the needs of the international market, couldn't be sold at a good price, often needing goods worth four or five RMB to exchange for one US dollar in foreign exchange. However, for tourism foreign exchange, only a bit over 1.5 RMB was needed to exchange for one US dollar. 
 +
 
 +
中国地域辽阔,山水风光、文物古迹、民俗风情等旅游资源丰富,是世界旅游资 源大国,发展旅游有独特的优势。国务院成立了以主管副总理为首的旅游工作领 导小组,各地政府也相继成立领导小组。不管怎么说,旅游业开始从“贴钱”转向 挣钱。这个进步很重要。
 +
 
 +
China, with its vast territory, rich natural landscapes, cultural relics, folk customs, and other tourism resources, is a major tourism resource country in the world, with unique advantages in developing tourism. The State Council established a tourism work leadership group headed by the deputy prime minister in charge, and local governments also successively established leadership groups. No matter how you look at it, the tourism industry has started to transition from losing money to making money. This progress is very significant. 
 +
 
 +
“莫畏途难时日远,鸡鸣林角现晨曦。”ー个旅游业的新的早晨苏醒了。但就 像夏日的北京仿佛没有早晨似的,大街上很快就车水马龙。这时,“旅游业工作 者”都感到自身压カ重重了,而且很快就感到“压得喘不过气来”
 +
 
 +
“Do not fear the long and difficult journey, as the crowing of the rooster signals the break of dawn.” A new morning for the tourism industry has awakened. But like summer mornings in Beijing, which seem non-existent, the streets quickly become bustling. At this time, “tourism workers” all felt a heavy burden on themselves, and soon felt "so pressured they could hardly breathe". 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
2. 今夜宿何方
 +
 
 +
Where to Stay Tonight?
 +
 
 +
有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?当四海旅游者蜂拥而至时,我们却乱了方寸,慌了 手脚。我们还没有建起与此相适应的旅游市场秩序,面临的突出困难一下子就推 到了我们鼻子跟前:条件简陋、住房奇缺、交通困阻。
 +
 
 +
Isn't it joyful to have friends coming from afar? When tourists from all over the world flocked in, we were thrown into confusion and panic. We hadn't yet established a tourism market order that was commensurate with this influx, and the outstanding difficulties were suddenly pushed right in front of us: basic conditions, severe shortage of accommodation, and transportation difficulties. 
 +
 
 +
旅游工作者们竭尽全力,想让外宾住好吃好,可是1978年的北京,只有7家涉 外饭店,能拿得出手的床位充其量还不上2000张。从全国来说,也只有137家有 点样子的饭店。
 +
 
 +
Tourism workers tried their best to provide good accommodations and food for foreign guests, but in 1978, Beijing only had 7 hotels that catered to foreigners, with no more than 2000 decent beds. Nationally, there were only 137 somewhat decent hotels. 
 +
 
 +
北京国旅、中旅捉襟见肘,天天愁的就是客房。饭店走廊全都住满,标准间中 间加铺,会议室打起通铺,还有客人等待在大堂。饭店里再也没地方可塞床位了, 大厅乱哄哄的,客人翘首盼等,怎么办?
 +
 
 +
Beijing CITS were stretched to their limits, with their daily concern being the shortage of guest rooms. Corridors of hotels were all filled with people, extra beds were added to standard rooms, conference rooms were made into shared accommodations, and there were still guests waiting in the lobby. There was no longer any space to squeeze in extra beds in the hotels, the lobby was chaotic, and guests were eagerly waiting. What could be done? 
 +
 
 +
有的把客人拉到北京“上海西餐厅”,把吃西餐的小桌子拼起来当大床;或拉 到“莫斯科餐厅”打地铺,男女屏风挡隔,权且将就。当时来华观光的旅游者,有很 多是腰缠万贯的富翁,叫人住在这种条件的地方,也真觉得丢了国家的面子。
 +
 
 +
Some would take guests to Beijing's “Shanghai Western Restaurant”, where small dining tables were put together to serve as a big bed, or they would go to the “Moscow Restaurant” for makeshift sleeping arrangements, with screens separating men and women. At that time, many tourists visiting China were wealthy tycoons, and having them stay in such conditions really made us feel as if we were losing face for our country. 
 +
 
 +
还有个办法是用“缓兵之计”。这批外宾下了飞机,前批宾客还没退房。于是 先把客人连行李ー起拉到故宫、颐和园去游览,这边紧张地腾房间。那时外宾旅游 也真够累的,你想想,乘了 20多个小时飞机,到达北京后,时差还没有倒过来,就要 拖着疲惫的身子去参观。到晚上,等上一批客人走了,才能入住宾馆。
 +
 
 +
Another strategy was to use a “delaying tactic”. When one group of foreign guests landed, the previous group of guests had not yet checked out. So, the new guests and their luggage were taken straight to sightseeing spots like the Forbidden City and the Summer Palace, while hotel rooms were urgently being vacated on the other end. At that time, foreign tourists were indeed tired. Just imagine, after a 20-hour flight, they arrived in Beijing and before they could even adjust to the time difference, they had to go sightseeing while exhausted. It wasn't until the evening, when the previous group of guests had left, that they could check into the hotel. 
 +
 
 +
像这样当晚能入住的旅游团,还算是幸运的。
 +
 
 +
Tourist groups that were able to check into a hotel on the same day they arrived were actually considered lucky. 
 +
 
 +
有一次,青旅接了一个美国团,北京实在无处下榻了,打电话向时任团中央书 记的李瑞环汇报。李瑞环也没法子,硬着头皮给小平打电话。小平打电话给空军, 动用军用飞机连夜把外宾运送到天津去过夜,第二天又用飞机运回北京来观光。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Once, China Youth Travel Service(CYTS) received a group from the United States, but there were simply no accommodations available in Beijing. They reported this to Li Ruihuan, who was then the Secretary of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. Li Ruihuan had no solution, and had to call Deng Xiaoping directly. Deng Xiaoping contacted the Air Force to arrange military aircraft to fly the guests overnight to Tianjin, where they could spend the night. The next day, they were flown back to Beijing for sightseeing. 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
坐飞机易地投宿,现在来说是不可思议的事。而那时,为解决住宿问题,通过 国务院李先念、陈慕华等副总理调军用飞机把客人送往天津等地住宿,是常有的 事,最远的送到南京。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
This kind of extraordinary arrangement - flying guests to a different city for overnight accommodation - is simply unimaginable today. Back then, to solve the accommodation problem, it was common for Vice Premiers like Li Xianian and Chen Muhua to arrange for guests to be flown to places like Tianjin and even as far as Nanjing using military aircraft. 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
1978年,全国旅游入境人数超过!80万人次,比以往20年宾客总和还要多。 到1979年,客人成倍增加,而宾馆不能像孙悟空拔根毫毛那样呼之即出,住宿矛盾 更加突显。外国游客在大厅里打地铺已不奇怪,戏称在东方野营;在机场里围着毛 毯候飞机,犹如战后在某个边境机场等待联军来接难民。
 +
 
 +
In 1978, the total number of inbound tourists in China exceeded 1.8 million, which was more than the total number of guests in the previous 20 years. By 1979, the number of guests had multiplied, and the contradiction between the growing demand and the limited hotel supply became even more prominent. Unlike Sun Wukong (the Monkey King) who could summon something out of thin air by plucking a single hair, we couldn't magically produce hotels. It was no longer surprising to see foreign tourists sleeping on the floor in the lobby, jokingly calling it "camping in the East"; or wrapping themselves in blankets at the airport, waiting for flights like refugees waiting for Allied forces at a border airport after a war. 
 +
 
 +
京城缺旅社,今夜宿何家?这个问号,就是深深的记忆。
 +
 
 +
Where would they stay in Beijing, a city lacking hotels? This question is a deep memory. 
 +
 
 +
北京东长安街6号,当年是国家旅游局和国旅总社所在地,经常有蓝眼睛、高 鼻梁的洋人坐在门口的台阶上,等住所,等机票。这样的风景,在当时大国中,恐怕 绝无仅有。
 +
 
 +
No. 6 East Chang’an Street in Beijing, where the CNTA and CITS were located, often saw blue-eyed, high-nosed foreigners sitting on the steps at the entrance, waiting for accommodation, waiting for plane tickets. Such a sight, in a big country like China at that time, was probably unprecedented. 
 +
 
 +
早在美国总统尼克松访华前タ,北京饭店新建了一座23层的大厦,现在远远 安排不下蜂拥而至的宾客。北京饭店总经理手头只有7间住房的机动权,其他房 子的钥匙掌控在国务院谷牧、陈慕华、余秋里、王震4位副总理的手里。先给谁得 副总理协调发话,ー时成为天下奇闻。
 +
 
 +
Before President Nixon's visit to China, a 23-story building was constructed at the Beijing Hotel. But now, it's far from enough to accommodate the influx of guests. The General Manager of Beijing Hotel only had the flexibility to allocate 7 rooms, and the keys to the rest of the rooms were in the hands of the four Deputy Prime Ministers, Gu Mu, Chen Muhua, Yu Qiuli, and Wang Zhen. Deciding who should receive the rooms upon the coordination of the Deputy Prime Ministers was a curious issue at the time. 
 +
 
 +
ー些客人久仰北京饭店的大名,宁肯在大堂静等,也不愿去别处投宿。有一次 全部客人都安顿好了,还剩一个没着落,怎么办?结果他在同行者卫生间的浴缸 里,蜷曲着过了一夜。
 +
 
 +
Some guests, having heard of the great reputation of the Beijing Hotel, preferred to wait patiently in the lobby rather than seek accommodations elsewhere. Once, when all guests were accommodated, one person was left without a place to stay. What to do? In the end, he curled up in the bathtub of his fellow travelers' bathroom and spent the night there. 
 +
 
 +
不仅住宿难,而且条件差。
 +
 
 +
Not only was it difficult to find accommodation, but the conditions were also poor. 
 +
 
 +
中国旅游协会副会长兼秘书长李玉莺,说起她当年带一批美国客人去招待所 住宿,她说美国人ー看,缩了回来,不肯入住,认为条件比美国监狱还差,当即给美 国使馆打电话,使馆人员叫他们先去使馆。李玉莺苦口婆心劝阻。天又下起了雨, 她就把这批客人拉到北京饭店大堂,每人发个毯子,在沙发上过夜。她也陪着外宾 在椅子上度过漫长的夜晚。
 +
 
 +
Li Yuying, Vice President and Secretary-General of the China Tourism Association, spoke about the time she brought a group of American guests to stay in a guesthouse. Upon seeing the conditions, the Americans recoiled, refusing to stay. They believed that the conditions were worse than those in American prisons, and immediately called the U.S. embassy, which suggested they go to the embassy instead. Li Yuying tried her best to persuade them otherwise. It started raining also, so she took this group of guests to the lobby of the Beijing Hotel, handed each person a blanket, and let them spend the night on the sofas. She also accompanied the guests, spending the long night on a chair. 
 +
 
 +
这是发生在20世纪80年代初的事。不能怪美国人挑剔,与国外饭店相比,我 们的条件确实差太多。那时的招待所是个什么状况?几乎所有招待所的房间都没 有卫生间,ー个楼层两大排客房,走廊尽头有个公用厕所,散发出的异味弥漫整个 走廊。洗澡间大多设在厕所隔壁,你脱掉衣服洗澡的时候,感觉隔壁的臭气直接侵 袭你的全身,让你感觉全身都有洗不掉的臭味。而且,每天只供应两小时热水,你 进去洗澡的时候也许已经供水1个小时50分钟,但你并不知道,你脱光衣服擦上 香皂,突然热水没了,你只好光着身子干着急。餐厅实行8小时工作制,过时恕不 恭候。
 +
 
 +
This happened in the early 1980s. One can't blame the Americans for being picky. Compared to hotels abroad, our conditions were indeed far behind. What was the condition of the guesthouses at that time? Almost all guesthouse rooms didn't have a bathroom. On each floor, there were two large rows of guest rooms, with a shared toilet at the end of the hallway. The smell from the toilet filled the entire corridor. Most of the bathing areas were next to the toilet. When you undressed to take a bath, you could feel the unpleasant smell from the next door directly invading your body, leaving you with a feeling of an unremovable stench. Moreover, hot water was only available for two hours every day. You might go in to take a bath after hot water had already been supplied for 1 hour and 50 minutes, but you wouldn't know it. Once you had taken off your clothes and applied soap, the hot water might suddenly run out, leaving you naked and in a bind. The restaurant adhered to an 8-hour operation policy, and latecomers were not accommodated. 
 +
 
 +
条件略好的涉外宾馆,也存在许多问题。耗子夜袭旅客,外宾彻夜辗转。宾客 带的食品常被老鼠啃得乱七八糟,连照相机的皮背带也被咬断。有时半尺长的大 老鼠突然从空飞降,“啪”的一下正落在宾客的床上,于是有外宾称中国饭店为“老 鼠饭店”。
 +
 
 +
This happened in the early 1980s. One can't blame the Americans for being picky. Compared to hotels abroad, our conditions were indeed far behind. What was the condition of the guesthouses at that time? Almost all guesthouse rooms didn't have a bathroom. On each floor, there were two large rows of guest rooms, with a shared toilet at the end of the hallway. The smell from the toilet filled the entire corridor. Most of the bathing areas were next to the toilet. When you undressed to take a bath, you could feel the unpleasant smell from the next door directly invading your body, leaving you with a feeling of an unremovable stench. Moreover, hot water was only available for two hours every day. You might go in to take a bath after hot water had already been supplied for 1 hour and 50 minutes, but you wouldn't know it. Once you had taken off your clothes and applied soap, the hot water might suddenly run out, leaving you naked and in a bind. The restaurant adhered to an 8-hour operation policy, and latecomers were not accommodated. 
 +
 
 +
一位外宾就绘声绘色地讲述:“晚上我看见老鼠在我眼前跳舞。”他随身带着 老鼠咬过留有牙痕的巧克カ,拿出来作为介绍“老鼠饭店”的证据。
 +
 
 +
One guest vividly described: “At night, I saw rats dancing right in front of my eyes.” He carried with him a piece of chocolate that bore the teeth marks of a rat, which he presented as evidence of the “Rat Hotel”. 
 +
 
 +
靳羽西来了,这位海外名人也被老鼠闹得夜不安宁。住的房间没有天花板,老
 +
鼠在房梁上东蹿西跳,灰尘洒落。一开灯,老鼠逃走,ー关灯又出来了。几只老鼠 还从她的床上爬过,吓得她一夜都不敢入睡。
 +
 
 +
When the famous overseas celebrity, Jin Yuxi, came, she too was disturbed by the rats at night. She lived in a room without a ceiling, mice scampered back and forth on the rafters, scattering dust. As soon as she turned on the light, the mice fled, but when the light was off, they returned. ome mice even crawled across her bed, frightening her to the point where she dared not sleep all night. 
 +
 
 +
武汉某饭店,浴室遍地是水,每个旅客都在为马桶漏水发愁。桂林旅馆水泥屋 顶竖着蓄水塔,只见水头不见水,所有客人又都为断水而抱怨。成都某涉外宾馆房 间壁橱里灰尘厚积,地毯又黑又硬,床单、被子、枕套都脏兮兮的,令人恶心。卫生 间墙上镜子破成两块,一条发黑的胶布刺眼地粘在上面,败陋状况令客人感觉好像 来到战后的城市。
 +
 
 +
In a certain hotel in Wuhan, the bathroom was flooded with water, every guest was worried about the leaking toilet. In Guilin, the motel had cement roofs with water tanks perched on top, water could be seen but not used, causing all guests to complain about the water outage. In a certain foreign-related hotel in Chengdu, the closet in the room was thick with dust, the carpet was black and hard, and the sheets, quilts, and pillowcases were all filthy, making one feel nauseated. The mirror in the bathroom was broken into two pieces, with a piece of blackened tape glaringly sticking to it, the decrepit condition made guests feel like they had arrived in a post-war city. 
 +
 
 +
ー个美国旅行团的领队柯娜・梅・邱夫人,致函中国国际旅行社,尖锐批评饭 店卫生不佳现象,其中写道:
 +
 
 +
Mrs. Kona Mei Qiu, the leader of an American tour group, wrote a sharp critique to the CITS criticizing the poor hygiene in the hotels. She wrote: 
 +
 
 +
“客房的蟬螂钻进我的行李包从北京运到兰州。在乌鲁木齐,蟬螂更严重,竟 爬到床上来。对此,我只能置之一笑。卫生间不起作用,马桶在漏水。不干净的设 施和爬虫之害,可以直接影响旅行者对中国的特殊好感。”
 +
 
 +
“Cockroaches from the guest room crawled into my suitcase and were transported from Beijing to Lanzhou. In Urumqi, the cockroach situation was even worse, they actually crawled onto the bed. To this, I can only laugh it off. The bathroom facilities are not working, particularly the toilet, which is leaking. Dirty facilities and pest problems can directly affect travelers' special fondness for China.” 
 +
 
 +
今夜不知何处宿,不只是在北京。
 +
 
 +
“I don't know where to stay tonight,” wasn't just a problem in Beijing. 
 +
 
 +
热点旅游城市,饭店都人满为患,床位紧缺。
 +
 
 +
In popular tourist cities, hotels were overcrowded, and there was a shortage of beds. 
 +
 
 +
在桂林,海外侨胞和港澳台同胞有的被安排在大礼堂的舞台上,男男女女都打 地铺。有一首打油诗流传很广:“桂林山水甲天下,我到桂林住地下……”
 +
 
 +
In Guilin, some overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan were arranged to sleep on the stage of the auditorium, with men and women alike sleeping on the floor. A popular ditty was widely circulated: “Guilin's landscape tops those elsewhere, here in Guilin, I sleep on the floor...”
 +
 
 +
在上海,当时虽有锦江、和平等7家上档次的饭店,但有时几千名外宾同一天 要在上海过夜,急得上海市旅游局茫然无措。安置不下的宾朋,常常临时拉到杭 州、苏州去过夜。忙得顾不上吃饭的导游姑娘,跳上跳下地解释着,经常急得泪汪 汪的。
 +
 
 +
In Shanghai, despite having high-end hotels like Jinjiang and Peace Hotel among seven others, there were times when thousands of foreign guests needed to spend the night in Shanghai on the same day, which often left the Shanghai Tourism Bureau at a loss. Guests who couldn't be accommodated were often hastily relocated to Hangzhou or Suzhou to spend the night. The tour guide girls, too busy to even eat, would hop up and down explaining the situation, often to the brink of tears. 
 +
 
 +
3.票!票!票!
 +
 
 +
Tickets! Tickets! Tickets!
 +
 
 +
1979年春,桂林机场。浓雾迷天。
 +
 
 +
Spring of 1979, Guilin Airport. The sky was filled with dense fog. 
 +
 
 +
一天,两天,桂林的雾,依旧那么浓。10多个航班延误了,宾客焦急的情绪,也 像雾一般在候机室内外弥漫,机场一片混乱。
 +
 
 +
One day, two days, the fog in Guilin remained as dense as ever. More than 10 flights were delayed, and the anxiety of the guests, like the fog, filled the waiting room and the airport was in chaos. 
 +
 
 +
外宾是有日程的,签证到期该回国了,回国机票也早买了,可是卡在桂林出不 来,怎么不焦急上火? 3天后,天空终于开雾了。几天滞留下来的旅客黑压压ー 片,机场乱哄哄的。每个团都想先走。协调、安慰,增调航班,喧闹数天的游客最后 总算都散了出去。
 +
 
 +
Foreign guests had schedules to keep, their visas were expiring and they needed to return to their home countries. They had bought their return tickets long ago, but they were stuck in Guilin and couldn't leave, how could they not be anxious and upset? Three days later, the sky finally cleared up. The travelers who had been stranded for several days were a mass of dark figures, the airport was in an uproar. Every group wanted to leave first. Through coordination, consolation, and adding additional flights, the noisy tourists who had been there for several days eventually all dispersed. 
 +
 
 +
中国民航从1979年4月1日起,在国内对外开放的城市中相继开辟了 8条新 航线,每周共安排了 545个航班。外宾最集中的北京、上海两地,班机由原来每周
 +
 
 +
的15班增加到24班。
 +
 
 +
Starting from April 1, 1979, the Civil Aviation Administration of China successively opened eight new routes in cities open to foreigners domestically, scheduling a total of 545 flights per week. The number of flights in Beijing and Shanghai, where most foreign guests were concentrated, increased from the original 15 flights per week to 24. 
 +
 
 +
桂林是最热门的景区,要求去桂林游览的外宾越来越多。民航广州管理局已 把从广州到桂林的航班,由原来每周!5班增加到24班。北京、上海、杭州、贵阳、 天津、重庆、成都、武汉、长沙等地,每周都有班机进出桂林。
 +
 
 +
Guilin was the most popular tourist area, and the number of foreign guests requesting to visit Guilin increased. The Civil Aviation Administration of Guangzhou had increased the number of flights from Guangzhou to Guilin from the original 15 flights per week to 24. Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Guiyang, Tianjin, Chongqing, Chengdu, Wuhan, Changsha, and other cities all had flights to and from Guilin every week. 
 +
 
 +
在当时情况下,民航已竭尽全力,但还是无法满足旅游班机需求。1978年底, 中国民航只有162条航线,飞机的日利用时间オ1.9个小时,民航的运输总周转量 世界排名第33位。飞机性能差,30年前乘坐过中国民航飞机的人,对当年那颠簸 的飞机和轰鸣的噪音记忆犹新。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Given the circumstances at the time, the Civil Aviation Administration had done its utmost, but it still could not meet the demand for tourist flights. By the end of 1978, China's Civil Aviation Administration only had 162 routes, the daily usage time of aircraft was 1.9 hours, and the total turnover of civil aviation ranked 33rd in the world. The aircraft's performance was poor, and those who had flown on China's civil aviation aircraft 30 years ago still had vivid memories of the bumpy aircraft and roaring noise. 
 +
 
 +
票!票!票!机票、火车票,两票难求。外宾进得来,出不去,成为主要矛盾。 外国、侨胞旅行团因购不到机票而被打乱行程,滞留、改线现象经常发生。
 +
 
 +
Tickets! Tickets! Tickets! Both flight tickets and train tickets were hard to come by. Foreign guests could get in, but they couldn't get out, which became a major problem. Tour groups from foreign countries and overseas Chinese often had their schedules disrupted because they couldn't buy flight tickets, and incidents of delay or route changes happened frequently. 
 +
 
 +
有一次在桂林,ー个美国团班机延误,眼见签证即将到期却走不了,客人闹了 起来了,挥舞拳头抗议。全陪导游老黄想,打电话向国旅总部反映,时间都来不及 了。急中生智,他直接把电话打到分管旅游工作的陈慕华副总理办公室。陈慕华 连夜向空军司令张廷发求助,临时调军用飞机救急,オ平息ー场风波。
 +
 
 +
Once in Guilin, a flight delay for an American group led to a scene where the guests, seeing their visas about to expire but unable to leave, started to protest. The accompanying guide, Old Huang, thought to call the headquarters of the CITS, but there wasn't enough time. Thinking quickly, he directly called the office of Deputy Premier Chen Muhua, who was in charge of tourism work. Chen Muhua sought help from Air Force Commander Zhang Tingfa overnight and arranged for a military plane to be used in an emergency, which quelled the unrest.
 +
 
 +
当时缓解航班紧缺的办法,只有通过国务院、中央军委高层领导找空军司令张 廷发特批空军包机。紧张状况一直延续到1982年。空军部队1982年共派出1800 多架次飞机,协助旅游部门空运游客近6万人次。1985年,空军正式成立旅游包机 公司,飞机短缺的状况稍有缓解。
 +
 
 +
At that time, the only way to alleviate the shortage of flights was to seek special permission from Air Force Commander Zhang Tingfa through the State Council and the senior leadership of the Central Military Commission. he tense situation continued until 1982. In 1982, the Air Force dispatched more than 1,800 flights, assisting the tourism department in transporting nearly 60,000 tourists by air. In 1985, the Air Force formally established a charter company for tourism, which somewhat alleviated the shortage of aircraft. 
 +
 
 +
火车票同样紧缺,卧铺票更是难求。常常是ー个团只能分到几张卧铺票,而旅 游团中年龄偏大者居多,ー个团下飞机,多数是白发老人,被称为“银发族”。导游 陪同常为拿不出足够的卧铺票而内疚。
 +
 
 +
Train tickets were also in short supply, and sleeper tickets were even harder to find. Often, a group could only get a few sleeper tickets, and the majority of those in the tour groups were older, most of them were elderly with white hair, referred to as the “silver-haired tribe”. The accompanying guides often felt guilty for not being able to provide enough sleeper tickets. 
 +
 
 +
法国飞行78团凭票到火车站上车,车站告知走不了,要改乘凌晨2时的火车。 等到凌晨2时,铁路方面又通知说这班车次取消了,要9时オ有火车。旅客通宵未 眠,遇上这种情况,怎能不生气！
 +
 
 +
The French Flying 78 Group arrived at the train station with tickets only to be told by the station that they couldn't leave and had to take the train at 2 am. When it got to 2 am, the railway informed them that this train was cancelled and they had to wait until 9 am for the next train. The tourists had been up all night. Under such circumstances, how could they not get angry! 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
有一次火车途经昔日丝绸之路走过的名城,有个法国旅游团上车。因没有软 卧,客人和陪同发生争执,团队中有80多岁的老太太。列车长也很为难。正在无 可奈何之际,甘肃省委一行人知道情况后,带队的领导对列车长说:“这样吧,我们 12人的软卧全部让给旅游外宾。”说着就招呼人从软卧车厢把东西拿了出来。
 +
 
 +
Once, a train was passing through a famous city on the old Silk Road, and a French tour group got on. Because there were no soft sleepers available, a dispute arose between the guests and the accompanying staff, with an elderly lady in her 80s in the group. The train conductor was also in a difficult position. Just when they were at a loss, the Gansu Provincial Party Committee members who were on the train learnt about the situation. The leader of the group said to the train conductor, “Let's do this, we will give all our 12 soft sleepers to the foreign guests.” Then, they called their people to take their belongings out of the soft sleeper carriage. 
 +
 
 +
法国客人进入软卧车厢后,迷惑不解地问:“他们怎么愿意把软卧让出来?”当 得知为他们让出卧铺的是省级领导,顿时感动不已。
 +
 
 +
When the French guests entered the soft sleeper carriage, they asked in confusion, “Why are they willing to give up their soft sleepers?” When they learned that the people who gave up their berths for them were provincial leaders, they were deeply moved. 
 +
 
 +
“在有限的条件下,解决宾客交通困难,我们尽心尽力。”王尔康给我们讲了个
 +
 
 +
导航轮的故事。
 +
 
 +
“We did our best to solve the guests’ transportation difficulties under limited conditions.” Wang Erkang told us a story about a navigation wheel. The story took place in the early 1980s. 
 +
 
 +
故事发生在20世纪80年代初。这天王尔康刚上班,总经理室的电话就响起 来了。空军机场告知,原定明晨6时起飞的一架图ー154包机导航轮要更换。图ー 154是苏联产的飞机,早已从苏联采购、用火车托运的ー批导航轮,却因东北嫩江 发大水,失去了联系,火车皮现不知道在哪儿。如果不更换导航轮,飞机就不能起 飞。王尔康一听急了,飞机延误就要打乱客人下ー站的旅行计划,这150多人的旅 游团,ー处乱就一路乱,怎么办?
 +
 
 +
This happened in the early 1980s. One day, as soon as Wang Erkang arrived at work, the phone in the general manager's office rang. The Air Force airport informed them that the navigation wheel of a Tu-154 charter plane, which was scheduled to take off at 6 am the next morning, needed to be replaced. The Tu-154 is a Soviet-made aircraft. A batch of navigation wheels had already been purchased from the Soviet Union and shipped by train, but due to severe flooding in the Nen River in Northeast China, they had lost contact, and they didn't know where the train carriage was now. If the navigation wheel wasn't replaced, the plane wouldn't be able to take off. Upon hearing this, Wang Erkang was alarmed. If the flight was delayed, it would disrupt the travel plans of the next stop for the guests. For this tour group of more than 150 people, if one place was chaotic, the chaos would follow them the whole way. What should he do? 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
空军也在想办法。全国发电报寻找,终于在空军所属的乌鲁木齐机场找到ー 个备用导航轮,但是得有专人去拿。王尔康一看飞乌鲁木齐航班还赶得上,马上派 人出发赶飞机。如同一场争分夺秒的“战斗”,终于在当晚!2点前把导航轮送到空 军机场,机械师连夜装换。第二天黎明,一声轰鸣,飞机按时冲上蓝天。王尔康与 在场的国旅总社人员一直悬着的心,总算平静下来,脸上有了欣慰的微笑。
 +
 
 +
The Air Force was also trying to find a solution. They sent telegrams nationwide to find a spare navigation wheel and finally located one at their Urumqi Airport. However, they needed someone to pick it up. Seeing that there was still time to catch a flight to Urumqi, Wang Erkang immediately dispatched someone to rush to the airport. Like a race against time, the navigation wheel was finally delivered to the Air Force airport before midnight, and the mechanics worked overnight to replace it. At dawn the next day, with a loud roar, the plane took off on time. The hearts of Wang Erkang and the other staff from the China International Travel Service, which had been hanging in the balance, finally calmed down, and a relieved smile appeared on their faces. 
 +
 
 +
1978年到20世纪80年代初,中国民航、铁路都极其薄弱,交通与住宿,同时成 为发展旅游的主要瓶颈,外宾对此啧有烦言。抗议呀,叫喊呀,但由于条件限制,都 难以较快改善。当这些外宾回国后,形成的舆论却相当可怕,给中国的国际声誉造 成的不良影响,还不容易改变。
 +
 
 +
From 1978 to the early 1980s, both air and rail transportation in China were extremely weak, and transportation and accommodation became major bottlenecks for the development of tourism. Foreign visitors often complained about these issues. Despite protests and complaints, rapid improvements were difficult to achieve due to various constraints. After these foreign visitors returned to their home countries, the public opinion formed was rather negative, creating an unfavorable impact on China's international reputation, which was not easy to change. 
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20世纪80年代初,连续5批130多个美国客人在中国住不好,吃不好,特别是 又因机票受困走不了,问题从民间反映到官方。不久,美国官方公开发布消息,说 美国人到中国出不来,没地方住,对中国之旅亮出红灯。随即美国旅客骤减。美国 旅行商说:“等到你们条件改善,我们再来。”
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In the early 1980s, over 130 American visitors in five consecutive groups had unpleasant experiences in China, facing poor accommodations and food. Particularly troubling was the difficulty they experienced in obtaining flight tickets, which led to their being stranded. These issues escalated from the public domain to official levels. Soon after, the U.S. government publicly announced that Americans were having difficulty leaving China, and that there were inadequate accommodations. This warning signaled a red light for trips to China, leading to a significant decrease in American tourists. merican travel agencies said, "We will return when your conditions have improved." 
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中国旅游业,是在种种尴尬的情况下起步。
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The tourism industry in China started amid various awkward circumstances. 
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 +
4. 意想不到的尴尬
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4. Unexpected Embarrassments
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“民以食为天。”中国美食天下扬,正宗的有鲁菜、徽菜、浙菜、苏菜、闽菜、粤 菜、川菜、湘菜等八大菜系,还有满、蒙、回、朝鲜等民族的特色口味,如烧、烤、涮。 高档的有燕窝、鱼翅;中档的有甲鱼、螃蟹;北京烤鸭,杭州宋嫂鱼,四川太白鸭…… 任君享用,更不消说还有天南海北形形色色的风味小吃。说到吃,在中国总没问题 了吧?
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“People regard food as their primary need.” Chinese cuisine is famous worldwide. The authentic Chinese cuisine includes eight major culinary traditions: Shandong, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong, Sichuan, and Hunan, as well as the special tastes of ethnic groups such as the Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, and Korean, which include techniques like roasting, grilling, and hotpot. There are high-end delicacies like bird's nest and shark fin; mid-range options like turtle and crab; Beijing roast duck, Hangzhou Song Sao Fish, Sichuan Taibai duck... The choice is yours. Not to mention, there are a variety of local snacks from all over the country. When it comes to eating, there should be no problem in China, right? 
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“你们想错了。”程文栋先生说,“当时在餐桌上出现过不少尴尬。”程文栋曾任 国家旅游局副局长,担任过中国驻意大利大使,获过意大利“大十字骑士勋章”。 他身材高大,声音洪亮而浑厚。他向我们讲述当年陪美国内务部次长一行人游桂 林的事。
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“You're mistaken,” said Mr. Cheng Wendong. “There were quite a few embarrassing incidents at the dining table.” Cheng Wendong served as the Deputy Director of the National Tourism Administration, was China's ambassador to Italy, and was awarded the “Knight Grand Cross” by Italy. With a tall stature and a deep, resonant voice, he shared with us his experience of accompanying a delegation led by the US Deputy Secretary of the Interior on a tour of Guilin. 
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美国客人到餐厅坐下,提出要喝啤酒。
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When the American guests sat down at the restaurant, they asked for beer. 
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“对不起,没有了。”
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“Sorry, we're out of beer.” 
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“那就来点冰激凌。”
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“Well, bring some ice cream then.” 
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冰激凌是什么?服务员还是第一次听说,去问餐厅经理。经理脸红了,知道是 知道,但餐厅目前还不会做。最后,客人说:“那就来杯冰水吧!”
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What is ice cream? It was the first time the waiter had heard of it, so he asked the restaurant manager. The manager blushed, he knew what ice cream was, but the restaurant was not currently equipped to make it. In the end, the guests said, “Well, bring a glass of ice water then!” 
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经理派人出去跑,打电话到处联系,就是找不到冰水。
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The manager dispatched someone to go out and make phone calls to various contacts, but they simply couldn't find any ice water. 
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美国宾客耸耸肩,疑惑地瞪大眼睛问程先生:“冰水也没有?”
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The American guests shrugged and widened their eyes in confusion, asking Mr. Cheng: “You don't have ice water either?” 
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程文栋说起话来中气十足,说到这里,仰面哈哈大笑起来:“你看现在,要什么 饮料没有?那时候连啤酒都没有呀!青岛啤酒,年初就拿钱去预定的,按计划供 应。需求上报了,但只批下极少量。”
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Cheng Wendong spoke with great vigour, and when he got to this part, he threw his head back and laughed heartily: “Just look at the present times, is there any drink that we don't have? Back then, even beer was scarce! For Tsingtao Beer, we had to place an advance payment at the beginning of the year and it was supplied as per plan. The demand was reported, but only a very small quantity was approved.” 
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1979年,14个省市54个涉外饭店有个统计,每年短缺啤酒2778吨,而且多数 啤酒质量很差,外国旅游者对喝不到啤酒很有意见。美国人晚餐想喝鸡尾酒,更让 我们的餐厅经理傻了眼。那时只有少数涉外宾馆オ有调配鸡尾酒的人才。
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In 1979, a statistic from 54 foreign-related hotels in 14 provinces and cities revealed a shortage of 2778 tons of beer annually. Moreover, the quality of most beers was very poor, which displeased foreign tourists who couldn't get their hands on any. If American guests wanted to drink a cocktail for dinner, it would leave our restaurant managers completely flabbergasted. At that time, only a few foreign-related hotels had staff who could mix cocktails. 
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还有香槟酒问题。香槟酒是礼仪用酒,国外宴会大开香槟酒助兴,以显示宴会 的隆重。可是,我们的餐厅香槟酒也奇缺,喝都不够,更别说是弄得“香槟喷溅宾朋 乐”。
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There was also the issue of champagne. Champagne is a ceremonial drink. At foreign banquets, it's customary to open champagne for toasting, signifying the grandeur of the event. However, our restaurants were severely short of champagne. There was barely enough for consumption, let alone to create a “champagne-spraying, guest-delighting” scene. 
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除了物资紧俏,由于对外国饮食忌讳不了解,也闹出ー些不愉快的事。比如泰 国游客忌吃牛肉,事先已通过陪同向餐厅打了招呼。数分钟后,服务员忙中出错, 偏偏把ー盘牛肉端上桌。
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Besides the scarcity of supplies, some unpleasant incidents arose due to a lack of understanding of foreign food taboos. For example, Thai tourists avoid eating beef, and this had been communicated in advance to the restaurant through accompanying staff. A few minutes later, a server made a mistake during a busy period and mistakenly served a plate of beef. 
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“哎,我们不是说了吗,不吃牛肉。”ー桌人都火了,因为这被视为对客人信仰 的侮辱！
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“Hey, didn't we say that we don't eat beef?” Everyone at the table was angry, as this was viewed as an insult to the guests' beliefs! 
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港澳游客忌讳“炒觥鱼”,因为在他们那里炒觥鱼”是失业的代名词。但餐 厅服务员对炒觥鱼这道菜叫惯了,上菜就大声唱道:“炒觥鱼了 ！”
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Tourists from Hong Kong and Macao have a taboo against “fried goby”, because in their culture, “fried goby” is synonymous with unemployment. But restaurant servers were accustomed to calling out this dish loudly: “Fried goby!” 
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海员忌讳“翻”。某餐厅服务员帮忙,把下半边未吃的鱼翻了个身,谁知外国 海员无法容忍,把筷子ー摔离席而去。
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Seamen have a taboo against “flipping”. A restaurant server wanted to help and flipped a half-eaten fish, but a foreign sailor couldn't tolerate it and slammed his chopsticks down, leaving the table. 
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在饮食习惯上,国内外存在很大差异。外宾喜欢分餐制,中国餐厅总是老规 矩,10人ー桌,合而食之,有时不足10人还不上菜,客人面面相觑,饥腹以待。
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There were significant differences in dietary habits between domestic and foreign guests. Foreign guests prefer separate dining, but Chinese restaurants usually adhere to the old rule of serving 10 people per table, serving food when the table is full. Sometimes if there are less than 10 people, they don't serve food at all, leaving the guests to glance at each other and wait with hunger. 
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大多数外宾早上爱吃西餐,而许多餐厅还做不了西餐。早餐通常是稀饭、冷 菜、点心,西方宾客很不适应。
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Most foreign guests prefer Western breakfast, but many restaurants couldn't make Western food at that time. Breakfast was usually porridge, cold dishes, and dim sum, which Western guests found hard to adjust to. 
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还有一个让外国游客不满的是餐厅定时开饭,过时不候。早上得早起赶吃饭, 晚上又没有专供客人喝酒聊天的酒吧间。
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Another dissatisfaction among foreign tourists was the restaurant's set meal times. If you missed the time, you would not be served. They had to get up early in the morning to catch breakfast and there was no bar available in the evening for guests to have a drink and chat. 
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中国有“食在广州”ー说,天上飞的,地上爬的,水里游的,经过煎炒烹炸、蒸煮
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炖煨,无不成了席上的佳肴。然而,那些精心烹饪的名菜端上来,外国游客问,这是 什么?当得知这是某些飞禽走兽时,他们不吃了。餐厅说,你点的,我们做了,你怎 么能不要?客人说,你写的不是这个东西。人家说得没错,我们写的“龙凤呈祥”， 外国游客能知道那是什么?矛盾的焦点则是:有些“洋客人”反对屠杀动物。
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In China, there's a saying “Food is in Guangzhou”, which means everything that flies in the sky, crawls on the ground, and swims in the water can be transformed into delicious dishes on the table through various cooking methods like frying, boiling, steaming, and braising. However, when those meticulously prepared dishes were served, foreign tourists would ask, “What is this?” Upon learning that it was some kind of animal, they would refuse to eat. The restaurant would respond, “You ordered it, we made it, how can you reject it?” The guests would reply, “What you wrote is not this.” They’re right. If we wrote “dragon and phoenix bring auspiciousness,” how could foreign tourists know what it is? The focus of the conflict was that some "foreign guests" opposed the killing of animals. 
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许多餐厅还没有菜单,更没有英文菜单。每次吃中餐,外宾好奇地询问各种菜 名。我们的传统菜名写在小竹签上,高高ー排悬于墙,外国宾客不知那是什么。菜 单可以充分展示一个餐厅的优势和特色,可惜那时我们还不知道利用。
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Many restaurants didn't even have menus, let alone English menus. Each time they had Chinese meals, foreign guests would curiously inquire about the names of various dishes. Every time they had Chinese meals, foreign guests would curiously ask about the names of various dishes. Our traditional dish names were written on small bamboo sticks and hung high on the wall, leaving foreign guests in confusion about what they were. Menus can fully showcase the advantages and features of a restaurant, but unfortunately, we didn't know how to utilize that at the time. 
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有些问题ー经外宾指出,改起来并不难。很快,印有中英文的精美菜单出现在 各宾馆的餐桌上;也有了夜间小吃部,备有各种名酒、饮料、点心、冷菜、热菜。就餐 时间不再限定。街头相继出现酒吧间,并迅速增加。
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Some of the issues were easy to address once foreign guests pointed them out. Soon, beautifully printed menus with both Chinese and English started appearing on the dining tables in various hotels; there were also night snack sections that provided a variety of famous wines, beverages, pastries, cold dishes, and hot dishes. Meal times were no longer restricted. Bars started to appear on the streets and rapidly increased in number. 
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在旅游点进餐,更大的问题是卫生差。某些餐馆苍蝇就像轰炸机ー样向饭菜 袭来,外宾见了头皮发麻。有些餐馆厨房与餐厅只隔ー矮墙,客人可以看到师傅打 赤膊在大锅台上烫面条,食欲大减。
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The bigger problem with dining at tourist spots was poor hygiene. In some restaurants, flies swooped down on the food like bombers, making foreign guests shudder. Some restaurants had a low wall separating the kitchen from the dining area, and guests could see the chefs shirtless, blanching noodles on the large stoves, which greatly reduced their appetite. 
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别小看“吃”,一日三餐谁能少?没有好的餐饮企业,就没有好的旅游环境。 ー个城市餐饮市场的成熟程度,反映了它的旅游接待カ和综合实カ。
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Don't underestimate the importance of eating. Who can skip a meal three times a day? Without good catering enterprises, there won't be a good tourism environment. The maturity of a city's catering market reflects its tourism reception capability and overall strength. 
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为了让旅游外宾吃饱吃好,我们的餐厅师傅费尽了心思。常言道:“众口难 调。”何况这“众口”来自不同国家和地区。甚至同一个团队,由于年龄、体质、职 业、宗教信仰等不同,对饮食也有不同的要求,要细心地做到“看客做菜” 〇
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In order to ensure foreign tourists are well-fed, our restaurant chefs put in a lot of effort. As the saying goes, “It's hard to please all tastes,” especially when these "tastes" come from different countries and regions. Even within the same group, due to differences in age, physique, occupation, and religious beliefs, there are different requirements for food, requiring careful attention to “tailor the dishes to the guest.” 
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师傅们很快了解到西欧人口味清淡,东欧人口味比较浓厚;非洲人以咸辣味为 主,爱吃咖哩;法国客人吃点心,喜咸不喜甜;美国人饭前要喝饮料,日本人喜欢海 鲜鱼虾;而尼泊尔等ー些内陆国家对海味和水产品都不太适应;朝鲜人则喜欢蒜味 辣味,对花椒八角等香料不喜欢;川菜,酸、甜、苦、辣、麻,五味俱全,外宾就消受不 了,得改进。连炒个鸡蛋也讲究,有的要荤烧,有的要素做。这鸡蛋本来就是荤的, 怎么个素做?荤的又分煎炒,素的还讲老嫩。
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Chefs quickly understood that Western Europeans prefer light flavors, Eastern Europeans prefer stronger flavors; Africans prefer salty and spicy food, and love curry; French guests prefer savory pastries, not sweet; Americans like to drink beverages before meals, Japanese love seafood; while people from inland countries like Nepal are not quite adapted to seafood and aquatic products; Koreans love garlic and spicy flavors, and do not like spices like Sichuan pepper and star anise; Sichuan cuisine, with its sour, sweet, bitter, spicy, and numbing flavors, is too overwhelming for foreign guests, so adjustments need to be made. Even the frying of an egg requires particular attention, some require meat, some need to be made vegetarian. Eggs are inherently non-vegetarian, so how can they be made vegetarian? And for non-vegetarian ones, there are differences in frying, and for vegetarian ones, the tenderness is important. 
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北京饭店等许多涉外饭店让宾客吃得最为满意。餐厅中西餐齐备、品种俱全, 任君自选。中餐花样繁多,别具风格。山珍海味经高级名厨的妙手高技,做出色香 味绝佳令人见而增欲的美味佳肴。包括茅台酒在内的多种饮料,任凭客人吃喝。 咖啡、冰糕等冷饮都能及时送到。上菜、送酒、端饭,讲究礼貌,有条不紊。外宾们 认为,在这里用餐是ー种美的享受。交口称赞:“中国菜是世界第一流的。”
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Many hotels catering to foreign guests, such as the Beijing Hotel, have made their guests very satisfied. heir restaurants offer a wide range of Chinese and Western dishes, with a variety of options for guests to choose from. Chinese cuisine is diverse and unique in style. Mountain and sea delicacies, prepared by skilled chefs, create flavorful dishes that increase people's appetite upon seeing them. A variety of beverages, including Maotai liquor, are available for guests to enjoy. Coffee, ice cream and other cold drinks can be delivered promptly. Serving dishes, pouring wine, and serving meals are all done with manners and order. Foreign guests believe that dining here is a beautiful enjoyment. They unanimously praise, “Chinese food is world-class.”
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但是,那时没有太多的地方能像北京饭店那样。
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However, at that time, not too many places could match the standard of the Beijing Hotel. 
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5.情动中南海
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Emotion Moves Zhongnanhai
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那时的中国旅行游览事业管理局,频于应付各种难题,像救火的消防队。北京 和各地持续的住宿难的呼声,惊动了中南海。党中央、国务院领导清楚地认识到: 住宿问题已严重制约、影响了旅游业的发展,乃至经济发展,得下决心解决住房“卡 脖子”状况。临时建房来不及,原有的内部宾馆则是可利用的资源。1979年,国务 院一声令下,决定将北京和全国各地的内部高级饭店对外开放,划归旅游局实行企 业化经营,挣外汇。
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The China Administration for Travel and Tourism at that time, was constantly dealing with various difficulties, much like a firefighting team. The continuous calls regarding accommodation difficulties in Beijing and other regions alarmed Zhongnanhai. The leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the State Council clearly realized that the accommodation issue had severely constrained and affected the development of the tourism industry, and even economic development, and it was determined to resolve the “bottleneck” condition of housing. There was no time to build temporary houses, and the existing internal guest houses were available resources. In 1979, the State Council issued a command to decide to open up high-level hotels for internal use in Beijing and all over the country to foreign visitors. These hotels were transferred to the management of the tourism bureau to operate as enterprises and earn foreign exchange. 
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于是,中共中央、国务院、总参内部使用的北戴河疗养区别墅院舍、钓鱼台国宾 馆其中两幢楼,率先对外开放,接待自费旅游者。
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Consequently, the Beidaihe Sanatorium villas and two buildings of the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse, which were used internally by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council, and the General Staff Department, were the first to be opened to the public, accommodating self-funded tourists. 
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北戴河疗养区一开放,日、美、英、法、瑞士、加拿大等国的外宾ー批批来到了北 戴河,喜笑颜开地游山海关,在海滨沐浴阳光,划船游泳〇
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When the Beidaihe Sanatorium was opened, visitors from Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, Canada, and other countries came to Beidaihe in batches. They were overjoyed to tour Shanhaiguan, bask in the sunshine on the beach, and go boating and swimming. 
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北京钓鱼台宾馆是名闻中外的国宾馆。800多年前,金王朝迁都燕京后,金章 宗皇帝常到大水池边钓鱼,流传下“钓鱼台”的名称。清朝,这里是皇帝行宫。中 华人民共和国成立后,这里接待过许多元首级外宾。住房在湖水岸旁绿树丛中,环 境幽静,高贵典雅。卧室宽敞、整洁,电冰箱、电视机等现代化的实用设备,ー应俱 全。!979年8月1日,国宾馆首批接待了菲律宾首航旅行团,包括菲使馆人员共 70人。接着又连续接待了日本、美国的旅游客人。宾馆还向每位入住客人赠送绣 有“钓鱼台迎宾馆”字样的桌布、檀香扇。外宾为能入住原来只有国家元首下榻的 国宾馆而感到兴奋和荣耀。
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The Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing is a state guesthouse known both domestically and abroad. More than 800 years ago, after the Jin Dynasty moved the capital to Yanjing, Emperor Zhangzong of Jin often went fishing by the large pool, which gave the name “Diaoyutai”. During the Qing Dynasty, this place was an imperial palace. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it has received many foreign guests at the head-of-state level. The guest rooms are nestled among green trees by the lakeside, providing a quiet and elegant environment. The bedrooms are spacious and clean, equipped with modern practical equipment such as refrigerators and televisions, and are fully equipped. On August 1, 1979, the State Guesthouse received its first group of guests from the inaugural Philippine tour group, including 70 people from the Philippine Embassy. Subsequently, it continuously received tourists from Japan and the United States. The guesthouse also presented each guest with a tablecloth embroidered with the words “Diaoyutai State Guesthouse” and a sandalwood fan. Foreign guests were excited and honored to be able to stay in the state guesthouse where only national leaders had stayed before. 
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国务院开放国家“禁苑”,各省市争相仿效。
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 +
Following the State Council's decision to open up the national “forbidden gardens”, provinces and cities across the country began to follow suit. 
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行动最快的是山东,把当地最好的济南南郊宾馆、济南饭店拨出。随后河北、 四川、云南、天津、黑龙江、吉林等1〇多个省市都将本地“禁苑”开放,拨给旅游部门 管理使用,自己要开会时就住一般饭店和招待所。
 +
 
 +
Shandong was the fastest to act, allocating the best local hotels, Jinan South Suburb Guesthouse and Jinan Hotel. Subsequently, over 10 provinces and cities including Hebei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tianjin, Heilongjiang, and Jilin opened up their local “forbidden gardens”, allocating them to the tourism department for management and use. When they needed to hold meetings, they would stay in ordinary hotels and guesthouses. 
 +
 
 +
广东把白云宾馆和南湖宾馆拨给省旅游局管理使用,湖南省委将当地的“国宾 馆”蓉园改为蓉园宾馆,接待旅游者。
 +
 
 +
Guangdong allocated Baiyun Guesthouse and Nanhu Guesthouse to the Provincial Tourism Bureau for management and use. The Hunan Provincial Committee turned the local "State Guesthouse", Rongyuan, into Rongyuan Guesthouse to accommodate tourists. 
 +
 
 +
浙江省委规定,省委开会一律不准占用接待外宾的饭店和宾馆。同时,让省机 关事务管理局所属的新新和大华两个饭店,按照先外后内的原则安排用房。
 +
 
 +
The Zhejiang Provincial Committee stipulated that meetings of the Provincial Committee should not occupy hotels and guesthouses that cater to foreign guests. At the same time, it allowed the Xin Xin and Dahua hotels, which belong to the Provincial Bureau of Government Offices Administration, to arrange rooms according to the principle of prioritizing foreign guests first, then local guests. 
 +
 
 +
广西南宁的西园饭店,人称“南宁国宾馆”;湖南蓉园宾馆,重庆市渝州宾馆, 都是当地接待来华访问高级官员和中央首长的高级饭店,这些内部宾馆如无接待 任务,都是常年空锁着。开放后,为国家挣到大笔外汇,结束了年年向财政部门要 补贴的历史。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The Xiyuan Hotel in Nanning, Guangxi, also known as Nanning State Guesthouse; the Rongyuan Guesthouse in Hunan; and the Yuzhou Guesthouse in Chongqing city were all high-end hotels used locally to receive senior officials visiting China and central leaders. These internal guesthouses were usually left vacant and locked when they weren't being used for hosting tasks. Once these locations opened to the public, they earned a significant amount of foreign exchange for the country, ending the history of needing annual subsidies from the finance department. 
 +
 
 +
上海先后开放兴国宾馆、西郊宾馆和锦江中楼。
 +
 
 +
Shanghai subsequently opened Xingguo Guesthouse, West Suburb Guesthouse, and Jinjiang Middle Building to the public. 
 +
 
 +
兴国宾馆又名丁香花园,相传是清末李鸿章宠妾丁香居住的地方。园内有三
 +
 
 +
幢别墅式的建筑,内有苏州式的庭园,小桥流水,曲径幽回,假山亭榭,错落有致
 +
西郊宾馆是上海最大的内部宾馆,“十里洋场”少有的幽静处所。
 +
 
 +
Xingguo Guesthouse, also known as Lilac Garden, is rumored to have been the residence of Li Hongzhang's favorite consort, Dingxiang, during the late Qing dynasty. Within the garden, there are three villa-style buildings, a Suzhou-style courtyard, small bridges over flowing water, winding paths, and well-arranged rockeries and pavilions. The West Suburb Guesthouse was the largest internal guesthouse in Shanghai, a rare quiet place in the ten-mile foreign concessions. 
 +
 
 +
高级套房, 豪华的客厅和新颖别致的酒吧、茶座,此外还有百亩诱人水面,可供住客划船、 垂钓。
 +
 
 +
These advanced guest rooms, luxurious living rooms and unique bars and tea houses, in addition to a hundred acres of attractive water surface for guests to boat and fish, have greatly added to the appeal. 
 +
 
 +
锦江中楼原来是接待国家元首用的专用楼,使用率极低;遇有重要国宾,则不 光是中楼,连整个饭店都要提前控制床位,其他外宾不接或少接;任务过后,中楼还 要休整两天搞卫生,清规戒律很多,没有接待任务只准空着,亏损由国家财政补贴。
 +
 
 +
The Jinjiang Central Building was originally a dedicated building for hosting national leaders, and its usage rate was extremely low. When important foreign guests arrived, not only the Central Building, but the entire hotel had to control the number of beds in advance, accepting fewer or no other foreign guests. After the task was completed, the Central Building would still need to be cleaned for two days. There were many rules and regulations, and it was only allowed to be vacant when there was no reception task. The losses were subsidized by the state finance. 
 +
 
 +
各地高级宾馆原有的规章,在1979年被彻底打破了。
 +
 
 +
In 1979, the original regulations of high-end hotels across the country were completely broken. 
 +
 
 +
这些举措给旅游业发展吹来ー缕春风,从一定程度上缓解了外宾食宿困难的 矛盾。更为国家挣得许多外汇,可谓ー举多得。
 +
 
 +
These measures brought a breath of spring to the development of the tourism industry and alleviated the difficulties of foreign guests in eating and accommodation to a certain extent. Earning more foreign exchange for the country, it can be said that the move was beneficial in multiple ways. 
 +
 
 +
开放“禁苑”挣外汇,表明中国旅游开始从“外事接待型”向“积累外汇型”转 轨,表明了中国高层领导支持搞旅游的决心。
 +
 
 +
Opening up the “forbidden gardens” to earn foreign exchange indicated that Chinese tourism began to transition from a “foreign affairs reception type” to a “foreign exchange accumulation type”, which demonstrated the determination of China's top leaders to support tourism. 
 +
 
 +
除了开放全国各地“禁苑”外,国家旅游总局号召旅游部门紧急行动起来,改 造原有招待所,解决住宿“卡脖子”问题。
 +
 
 +
In addition to opening up “forbidden gardens” across the country, the CNTA called on the tourism departments to take urgent action to transform the existing guest houses and solve the problem of accommodation bottlenecks. 
 +
 
 +
当时提出的口号是:时间就是外汇,速度就是金钱。早一天改建成,为国家早 一天收入外汇。
 +
 
 +
The slogan put forward at that time was: time is foreign exchange, speed is money. The earlier the transformation is completed, the earlier the country earns foreign exchange. 
 +
 
 +
北京及全国各地都开始把老式的招待所住房,改造成带卫生间的套房。安装 锅炉,整理床位,添置设备,疏通道路,组建车队,新建餐厅、礼堂、俱乐部……任务 非常紧迫。
 +
 
 +
Beijing and other places across the country began to transform old guest houses into suites with bathrooms. Installing boilers, arranging beds, adding equipment, clearing roads, forming car fleets, building new restaurants, auditoriums, clubs... The task was very urgent. 
 +
 
 +
上海提出“修好一间,布置ー间,安排ー间”的口号,大挖住房潜力。在短期内 改造、扩建旅游标准床位3000多个。
 +
 
 +
Shanghai proposed the slogan, "repair one room, decorate one room, and use one room," greatly tapping into the housing potential. More than 3000 tourist standard beds were remodeled and expanded in a short time. 
 +
 
 +
杭州马不停蹄,改造扩建2000多间标准接待用房。
 +
 
 +
Hangzhou worked non-stop, remodeling and expanding more than 2000 standard reception rooms.
 +
 
 +
有的地方“临时抱佛脚”,像救火ー样抢时间。江苏有4个团百余客人将到达, 住宿安排不下。如果临时打退堂鼓,既损坏信誉,又影响外汇收入。怎么办?省委 听了汇报后指示:“接,决不能退!”马上组织人员装修双门楼宾馆三、四层。
 +
 
 +
Some places were seeking Buddha's help at the last moment, scrambling for time like firefighters. There were four groups of over a hundred guests arriving in Jiangsu, and the accommodation couldn't accommodate them all. If they backed down at the last minute, it would damage their reputation and affect foreign exchange income. So what to do? After hearing the report, the provincial committee instructed: “Accept, we cannot retreat!” Personnel were immediately organized to renovate the third and fourth floors of the Shuangmenlou Guesthouse. 
 +
 
 +
这时,离接团的时间只有一周。楼体虽已建起,但还是个水泥框架,室内工程 尚未动エ。那时人干起活来有股子冲劲,不分昼夜,不讲报酬。南京一建公司多エ 种工人同时作业,安灯通水、油漆门窗、粘贴墙纸、为地板打蜡。无锡家具厂赶制的 弹簧床、沙发,水运太慢,市城建部门抽出20多辆大卡车连夜送达。苏州提供灯 具,镇江赶制拖鞋,扬州运来大浴巾,女工连夜缝被子。没服务员怎么办?调江苏 旅游学校30名即将毕业的学员,提前上岗实习。
 +
 
 +
At that time, there was only one week left until the arrival of the groups. Although the building structure had been erected, it was still a concrete frame, and the interior work had not yet begun. But back then, when people worked, they had a spirit of urgency, working day and night without discussing remuneration. Numerous workers from a construction company in Nanjing worked simultaneously, installing lights and water, painting doors and windows, pasting wallpaper, and waxing floors. Spring beds and sofas rushed from a furniture factory in Wuxi were too slow to be transported by water, so the city's urban construction department dispatched over 20 large trucks to deliver them overnight. Suzhou provided lights, Zhenjiang rushed to make slippers, Yangzhou transported large bath towels, and female workers sewed quilts overnight. What to do without waitstaff? Thirty soon-to-graduate students from Jiangsu Tourism School were called up for early on-the-job training. 
 +
 
 +
一周后,港沪119团等4个团如期到达,外宾们高兴地住进新楼。他们不知
 +
大记录
  
 
—中国改革开放四十年报告文学选
 
—中国改革开放四十年报告文学选
  
−
的轨道。
+
道,为此许多人连日忙得顾不上吃饭,一周就瘦了一圈,有的工人累得晕倒在施工 现场。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
A week later, four groups including the Hong Kong-Shanghai 119 group arrived as scheduled, and the foreign guests happily moved into the new building. The guests were unaware that many people had been working non-stop for this, skipping meals and losing weight within a week, with some workers even fainting at the construction site due to exhaustion. 
 +
 
 +
重庆是刚开放的城市,接待条件底子差。市委下决心拨出200余万元重新装 修宾馆。加班加点,为每个房间装电话机,铺地毯,安装空调,装淋浴设备。每栋楼 添置了制冰机和电冰箱,还在宾馆内设立了邮政、电信、兑换外币的服务点和小卖 部等。
 +
 
 +
Chongqing, a newly opened city, initially had poor hospitality conditions. Determined to make a change, the city committee decided to allocate more than 20 million yuan to refurbish the hotels. Working tirelessly, each room was equipped with a telephone, carpet, air conditioning, and shower facilities. Each building was enhanced with ice makers and refrigerators. Additionally, service points for postal services, telecommunications, foreign currency exchange, and convenience stores were established within the hotel. 
 +
 
 +
还有个办法,像打仗ー样争分夺秒投入“抢房间”战斗。
 +
 
 +
Another tactic was to wage a “room-grabbing” war, in a battle against time as if in a real combat situation. 
 +
 
 +
什么叫“抢房间”？
 +
 
 +
What is “room-grabbing”? 
 +
 
 +
比如上海锦江饭店,有一批南斯拉夫100多位外宾早上6时刚离店,紧接着澳 大利亚“珊瑚公主号”游船外宾!00多人上午8时要入住,前后只有2小时空隙。 10多个服务员争分夺秒,打扫房间,重新换上被套、枕套、毛巾、浴巾,在客人到来 前已把一切都整理得井井有条。这办法,后来就叫“提高住房周转率”。
 +
 
 +
This term refers to the intense competition to secure hotel rooms, particularly during peak travel periods or when hosting special events. Due to high demand and limited supply, acquiring hotel rooms can become quite a competitive endeavor, hence the term “room-grabbing”. This strategy later became known as “improving room turnover rate”. 
 +
 
 +
这样的紧张战斗,实际上不只是“抢出了房间”,多赚了外汇。我们从前许多 跟国际通用的经营管理方式不接轨的观念,在这些从省级领导到普通服务员合力 的“战斗”中,被扫除了,更新了。旅游业,其实是最早努力跟国际接轨的行业。
 +
 
 +
This intense struggle was not just about “grabbing rooms” and earning more foreign exchange. Many of our previous notions that were not aligned with internationally accepted management methods were swept away and updated during this “battle” involving everyone from provincial leaders to ordinary service staff. The tourism industry, in fact, was one of the earliest sectors striving to align with international standards. 
 +
 
 +
二、开放初年的阳光
 +
 
 +
Chapter 2. The Dawn of Early Years of Opening Up 
 +
 
 +
20世纪的国际旅游业,在二次大战后开始重建。西班牙宣称:“向世界出售太 阳和海滩。”新西兰的旅游业已成为本国最大的产业之一……这是ー个从旅游业开 始恢复国际交往,进而重新结构各国实カ的时代。中国旅游业严重落后,但我们毕 竟有了新的开始。虽然刚走出“文革”,改革开放初年,那时的人心和品德,仍有多 少纯朴动人的美景,值得抚今追昔。记忆告诉我们,那时“硬件”很差,但爱国之 情、纯朴善良之心等蕴蓄民间的“软实カ”却可以感动天地。
 +
 
 +
The international tourism industry of the 20th century began to rebuild after the Second World War. Spain proclaimed: “Selling the sun and beaches to the world.” The tourism industry in New Zealand has become one of the country's largest industries... This was an era when international interactions began to recover through tourism, and subsequently, the real structures of various countries were restructured. China's tourism industry was seriously lagging, but we had a new beginning after all. Although we had just come out of the Cultural Revolution and were in the early years of the reform and opening up, there were still some simple and moving scenes in people's hearts and morals that are worth remembering. Memory tells us that while the “hardware” was poor at that time, the “soft power” hidden among the people, such as patriotic sentiments and simple goodness, could move heaven and earth.
 +
 
 +
1.梦醒时分
 +
 
 +
1. The Moment of Awakening
 +
 
 +
在改革开放前的30年,中国人并非不努力。中国人自力更生、勒紧腰带苦干 了 30年。但我们认识上出了偏差,我们对经济的认识严重不够,对旅游的认识就 更加不到位,我们也还不懂得如何有效利用世界上的种种资源。
 +
 
 +
During the thirty years before the era of reform and opening up, the people of China were not without effort. They had striven to be self-reliant and had endured hardship and hard work for those three decades. However, we had some misconceptions in our understanding; we had a severe lack of understanding of the economy and an even more inadequate grasp of tourism. We also didn't know how to effectively use the various resources in the world. 
 +
 
 +
世界旅游组织于!975年正式成立,总部设在西班牙的马德里,到1979年已有 101个成员国。同年,联合国报告说,旅游业现在是比钢铁与军备更大的企业。
 +
 
 +
The World Tourism Organization was officially established in 1975 with its headquarters in Madrid, Spain. By 1979, it had 101 member countries. In the same year, a United Nations report stated that tourism is now a bigger industry than steel and armaments. 
 +
 
 +
改革开放之前的30年,我国旅游业几近于零,仅是为了扩大政治影响,搞些外 交礼节性的接待,仅象征性收费。说白了,是贴钱的买卖。“文革”结束后,中国旅 游业迈出了历史性的步伐。
 +
 
 +
In the 30 years before the reforms and opening up, China's tourism industry was virtually non-existent. During this time, we primarily expanded our political influence through ceremonial diplomatic receptions, and the fees collected were largely symbolic. To put it bluntly, it was a loss-making business. Following the end of the Cultural Revolution, China's tourism industry took a significant step forward. 
 +
 
 +
外国旅游者第一次来中国,一下飞机,接触的第一个中国人就是导游。导游的 ー举ー动、一言一行代表着中国人的形象。
 +
 
 +
As foreign tourists first set foot in China, the initial local they encounter is often a tour guide. Every action and word of these guides is representative of the image of Chinese people. 
 +
 
 +
一位意大利的旅游者对导游说:“马可・波罗向我们介绍了古代的中国,你带 领我们游了当代中国。”
 +
 
 +
One Italian tourist remarked to a guide, “Marco Polo introduced us to ancient China, and now you're leading us through modern China.” 
 +
 
 +
导游被称作“民间大使”,当个好导游是个不简单的事。有人羡慕导游,但不 知导游艰辛,以为导游整天坐飞机、游天下,吃风味,工作就是游玩,优哉,游哉。有 人看不起导游,“不就是个带路拎包的吗?”把导游看作是“伺候洋人”的差使。
 +
 
 +
Tour guides are often referred to as ambassadors of the people, and being a good one is no simple task. While some may envy the life of a tour guide, imagining it as a constant whirl of travel, flavorful meals, and enjoyment, they are often unaware of the challenges and hard work that go into this profession. Some people underestimate tour guides, considering them merely as helpers who show the way and carry luggage, and view their role as simply serving foreigners. 
 +
 
 +
导游有自己的自豪,最牛的语言当推这句:“在外宾面前,我是中国。在内宾面 前,我是首都。”
 +
 
 +
However, tour guides have their own pride. As one guide famously declared, “In front of foreign guests, I represent China. In front of domestic guests, I represent the capital.” 
 +
 
 +
王连义先生是河北人,大学毕业后一直在国旅从事导游、翻译工作,说话风趣 幽默,是历届旅游大赛的裁判长。现在虽退休了,还在为培养旅游人オ奔忙,写了 不少导游方面的文章,是中国著名导游翻译专家。他说,导游是ー项崇高的职业, 导游的好坏,关系到祖国的声誉和尊严。
 +
 
 +
Mr. Wang Lianyi, a native of Hebei, has been involved in guiding and interpreting work at the CITS since graduating from university. He is known for his witty and humorous speech and has been the chief judge of various tourism competitions. Even though he has retired now, he is still busy contributing to the training of travel industry professionals and has written many articles on guiding. He is recognized as a leading expert in tour guide translation and interpreting in China. He said, being a tour guide is a noble profession. The quality of a tour guide reflects the reputation and dignity of our homeland. 
 +
 
 +
王连义还说,那时导游奇缺,特别是懂外语的导游更缺。在机场刚送走ー个 团,不用回来,下一个团马上就飞到了。名单早已在怀里装着,得掏出来熟悉熟悉。 一年365日,多是车马船上行。未婚的导游没机会与恋人见面,已婚的导游常常要 听爱人的怨声。十天半月不着家,这家还像家吗?中年导游,上有父母下有小,更 有一本难念的经。
 +
 
 +
Wang Lianyi also mentioned that at that time, there was a severe shortage of tour guides, especially those who were fluent in foreign languages. After sending off one group at the airport, there was no need to return, as the next group would immediately fly in. The list of names was already in hand, ready to be reviewed. Out of 365 days in a year, most were spent traveling by car, boat, or on foot. Unmarried guides had no opportunity to meet with their lovers, while married ones often had to listen to complaints from their spouses. Being away from home for days or even weeks, did home still feel like home? For middle-aged guides with elderly parents and young children, life was particularly challenging. 
 +
 
 +
国旅总社有位日语女翻译,一年有200多天都在跑,年幼的孩子送“全托”,见 到小孩时,孩子认不出妈。还有一对双职エ,常年在外带团,丈夫回家妻离家,妻子 回家夫出发。两人只好靠纸条传递思念之情。有的导游一年中登了 300次长城, 跑细了腰,磨破了嘴,倒地而宿。但能让来华的旅游者带着好印象依依回归,一年 到头累是累,却也是充实的。
 +
 
 +
There was a female Japanese translator at the CITS who spent more than 200 days on the road each year. Her young child was placed in full-time care, and when she came home, her child could not recognize her. There was also a couple both working as tour guides, constantly leading groups away from home. When the husband returned home, the wife left, and vice versa. The two could only express their longing for each other through notes. Some tour guides would climb the Great Wall 300 times a year, wearing thin their waists and wearing out their voices, falling asleep right on the spot. Yet they were able to leave a good impression on tourists visiting China, and despite the year-round exhaustion, they also felt a sense of fulfillment. 
 +
 
 +
李维瑜大姐是中国旅游协会副秘书长,还是国家旅游局タ阳红舞蹈团的团长。 30年前,李瑞环动员她转入旅游行业工作,从此改变了她的后半生。多年从事旅 游宣传工作的她,十分健谈,她讲了这样ー个故事:
 +
 
 +
Li Weiyu is the deputy secretary-general of the CNTA, as well as the leader of the "Yangyang Red" dance troupe of the National Tourism Administration. Thirty years ago, Li Ruihuan encouraged her to switch to the tourism industry, which changed the rest of her life. Having worked in tourism promotion for many years, she is very talkative and shared this story: 
 +
 
 +
有个美国老太太步履蹒跚,拎着两个大包,特别大。那时候,美国人认为中国 物资贫乏,什么都带,大包装有衣物、成打的一次性袜子,巧克力、饼干等各种零食, 各种药品,包括卫生纸,应有尽有。这个老太太的女儿也在这个团里,美国人的儿 女是不大帮助父母提行李的,或许美国的老年人也喜欢自立。导游小张主动帮助 老太太拎包,一路对她也特别关照,扶上扶下。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
There was an elderly American lady who was shuffling along, carrying two large bags, which were exceptionally big. At that time, Americans believed that China was lacking in resources, so they brought everything: the large bags were packed with clothes, bulk disposable socks, chocolates, cookies and all sorts of snacks, various medicines, and even toilet paper – you name it. The old lady's daughter was also in this tour group. In America, children don't often help their parents with luggage, perhaps because older Americans like to be independent. Tour guide Zhang took the initiative to help the old lady with her bags, providing her with special care along the way.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
1〇多天后,分别的时候到了。在首都机场安检处,这位80多岁的美国老太太, 动了真情,紧紧握住导游姑娘的手说:“你能不能够跟我去美国?我收你为女儿。 我有好多个儿女,他们从来不管我。我有!0多处房产,可以送ー处给你。”
 +
 
 +
Ten or so days later, the time came for them to part. At the security checkpoint at the capital airport, this 80-year-old American lady, moved to tears, tightly held the hand of the tour guide and asked, "Could you come with me to America? I would take you in as my daughter.” “I have many children, but they never take care of me. I have over ten properties, I can give you one.” the old lady proposed. 
 +
 
 +
姑娘回答说:“我们国家的旅游业现在需要我,我的父母也需要我照顾。”最后 她俯在老人耳边说,“将来,有机会我会去美国看您,您多保重!”
 +
 
 +
The young lady replied, “Our country's tourism industry needs me now, and my parents need me to take care of them.” In the end, she leaned over to the old lady's ear and said, “In the future, if I get the chance, I will come to America to see you. Please take care of yourself!” 
 +
 
 +
青旅接的100多人的华侨团,一路上住也住不好,吃也吃不好,汽车又颠簸,华 侨很不满意。两个女导游急得不知怎么办オ好。忽然,她俩站起来说:“对不起大 家,我们给你们唱支歌吧!”
 +
 
 +
There was a group of over 100 overseas Chinese being catered to by the China Youth Travel Service. They were not satisfied with the accommodations, the food, or the bumpy car ride. The two female tour guides were so worried that they didn't know what to do. Suddenly, they both stood up and said, “We're sorry, everyone. Let us sing a song for you.” 
 +
 
 +
她俩ー起唱起了《我爱你中国》,ー边唱着歌,ー边流眼泪。华侨们被深深地 感动了。最后导游说:“请你们喜欢我们唱的这支歌,我们的条件一定会好起来,欢 迎你们再来。”全团人员热烈鼓掌,有人也掉下了泪水。
 +
 
 +
They began to sing “I Love You, China” together, and as they sang, they were moved to tears. The overseas Chinese were deeply moved. In the end, the tour guides said, “Please love the song we sang. Our conditions will surely improve, and we welcome you to come again.” Everyone in the group applauded enthusiastically, and some were moved to tears. 
 +
 
 +
有一次,北京飞西安的飞机发生故障,机身晃动,飞机上乘客是个美国团,机舱 顿时出现骚动。两位导游是从北京第二外国语学院借来的大三女学生小李和小 燕,她们很镇静,在高空中微笑着应对突发事件。
 +
 
 +
Once, a flight from Beijing to Xi'an had a malfunction and the aircraft shook. The passengers on board were an American group, and there was immediate unrest in the cabin. Two guides, Li and Yan, who were third-year students borrowed from Beijing Foreign Studies University, remained calm and responded to the sudden event with a smile in the sky. 
 +
 
 +
小李大声说:“有亲人的请举手「’
 +
 
 +
Li loudly asked, “Anyone who has loved ones, please raise your hand.” 
 +
 
 +
一下子,大家举起了手臂。
 +
 
 +
Immediately, everyone raised their hands. 
 +
 
 +
小李和小燕也举起了手。
 +
 
 +
Li and Yan also raised theirs. 
 +
 
 +
小李举着手说:“我也有父母,还有一个小女儿。我不希望父母失去孩子,也不 希望孩子失去父母。请你们相信,中国的航空是最安全的,中华人民共和国成立以 来还没有掉过飞机呢!”
 +
 
 +
Li, with her hand raised, said, “I too have parents and a little daughter. I don't want my parents to lose a child, nor do I want a child to lose her parents. Please believe that China's aviation is the safest, and since the establishment of the People's Republic of China, no plane has ever crashed!” 
 +
 
 +
经她这么ー说,大家的情绪安定下来。事后,人家问她们为什么那么镇定,两 人都不慌神,配合挺好。她们也说不出为什么,但她们经历了有生以来最勇敢的 时刻。
 +
 
 +
With her words, everyone’s emotions were settled down. Afterwards, when asked why they were so calm, both of them were not flustered and coordinated well. They couldn't explain why, but they had experienced the bravest moment of their lives.
 +
 
 +
这时,空姐出来告诉大家,飞机将降落在太原整修。在太原等待的时间,为调 节情绪,导游小燕开口说:“我给你们说说我插队的故事吧!”她开始讲述怎样去北 大荒,怎么学会干农活,怎么学会开拖拉机,怎么又考上了“二外” 〇
 +
 
 +
At this moment, the flight attendant came out and told everyone that the plane would land in Taiyuan for repair. While waiting in Taiyuan, to lighten the mood, the tour guide Xiao Yan began to speak: “Let me tell you about my story of joining a production team in the countryside!” She started to recount her journey to the Northern Wilderness, how she learned to do farm work, how she learned to drive a tractor, and how she eventually got accepted to the Second Foreign Languages Institute. 
 +
 
 +
“有什么不理解,你们可以提问。”
 +
 
 +
 
 +
“If there's anything you don't understand, feel free to ask.” 
 +
 
 +
客人很感兴趣,气氛立刻活跃起来。有人问起了“文革”这个敏感话题。“文
 +
 
 +
革,,与，，改革”,一字之差,有着天壤之别。
 +
 
 +
The guests were very interested and the atmosphere immediately livened up. Someone brought up the sensitive topic of the Cultural Revolution. “Cultural Revolution” and “Reform” - a slight change in terminology, but the meanings are worlds apart.
 +
 
 +
两位插过队的导游,对“文革”灾难有自 己的理解,并没被难住,做了理智的答复。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The two tour guides who had experienced life in the countryside during the Cultural Revolution had their own understanding of this disaster and weren't flustered, they provided rational responses. 
 +
有一老者感动地站起来说:“我们原来不敢问这些事,怕伤害你们。相信你们 的国家,一定会一年年好起来〇”两小时后,飞机重新起飞。
 +
 
 +
An older gentleman stood up, moved, and said: “We were afraid to ask about these things before, for fear of hurting you. I believe your country will get better year after year.” Two hours later, the plane took off again. 
 +
 
 +
“我现在连她们叫什么名字都记不起了。”坐在我们对面的李维瑜大姐,回忆 起这段往事时,感情充沛,眼角眨出泪花。
 +
 
 +
“I can't even remember their names now.” said Mrs. Li Weiyu, who was sitting opposite us, her eyes moist as she recalled this past event. 
 +
 
 +
2.穷得有志气
 +
 
 +
2. Poor But Spirited
 +
 
 +
英国有个旅行商曾经带队到过100多个国家,深有感触地说:“只有在中国,不 用付小费,也不必担心自己的行李。”
 +
 
 +
An English tour operator who had led groups to more than 100 countries once remarked thoughtfully: “Only in China do you not have to tip, nor worry about your luggage.” 
 +
 
 +
TIP（小费）是英语To Insure Promptness（为了保证迅速）的缩写词。在国外,凡 想得到快捷、舒适的服务,就得额外付给小费。这渐渐成为国外旅游业中的惯例。 国外服务员都渴望得到小费,而且小费收入往往超过エ资。
 +
 
 +
TIP, an abbreviation for “To Insure Promptness”, is customary in many cultures. In foreign countries, to ensure prompt and comfortable service, one often needs to provide additional tips. This has gradually become a norm in the global tourism industry. Foreign service staff always desire tips, and their tip income often exceeds their wages. 
 +
 
 +
中国人不收小费,在当代是同“爱国主义、民族气节、外事纪律”糅合在ー起 的。在旅游行业形成的共识是:为宾客服务是应该的,不能收受额外的小费,也不 应接受旅客馈赠的礼物。刚开始,外宾对中国导游、翻译,包括行李员、清洁エ在内 的饭店服务员一律不收小费,很不理解。
 +
 
 +
Chinese people not accepting tips is a contemporary practice that is intertwined with “patriotism, national pride, and diplomatic discipline”. A consensus has formed in the tourism industry: serving guests is expected, and one should not accept additional tips or gifts from guests. At first, foreign guests did not understand why Chinese guides, interpreters, including luggage carriers, cleaners, and other hotel staff uniformly refused to accept tips. 
 +
 
 +
小刘是北京小天鹅酒家年轻的厕所保洁员,每当外宾塞给她小费时,她总是婉 言谢绝。有位瘫痪的外国老太太,小刘小心地搀扶着老人上完厕所,帮老人穿好衣 服,又把老人推回餐厅。老太太要给她小费,她坚决不要。老太太要回国时,不顾 陪同的劝说,偏要专程到酒家卫生间再去看望一下“那个善良的姑娘”。
 +
 
 +
Liu, a young restroom cleaner at Beijing's Little Swan Hotel, always politely declines when foreign guests offer her tips. Once, she carefully helped an elderly foreign woman who was paralyzed to use the restroom, assisted her in dressing, and then wheeled her back to the dining room. The elderly woman wanted to give her a tip, but she firmly refused. When the old woman was about to return home, despite the persuasion of her companions, she insisted on making a special trip to the restroom at the restaurant to visit the “kind girl” again. 
 +
 
 +
1979年6月的一天,国旅翻译小王全程陪同比利时华兹旅行团游长城、十三 陵,十分劳累,正准备休息,一外宾请他到团长房间里去一下。小王心想还有什么 事没办好,匆匆跑去。ー进团长房间,发现已有6位外宾坐在床边等他。团长拿出 ー个大信封说:
 +
 
 +
“我们这次来中国旅行太愉快了。你对我们非常友好,十几天来一直陪我们参 观,很辛苦。为了我们,你离开了你的妻子和孩子,我们很感动。这是大家拼凑的 两千元钱,表示我们的一点心意。”
 +
 
 +
One day in June 1979, Wang, an interpreter from CITS, accompanied the Belgian Huaz Travel Group to visit the Great Wall and the Thirteen Tombs. He was very tired and was about to rest when a foreign guest asked him to come to the group leader's room. Wang wondered what else needed to be done and hurried over. Upon entering the group leader's room, he found that there were already six foreign tourists sitting by the bed waiting for him. The group leader took out a large envelope and said, “We've had a wonderful time traveling in China. You've been very kind to us. You've been accompanying us on our visits for the past few days and it must have been very hard. Because of us, you left your wife and child behind, and we are deeply touched. This is 2000 yuan collected by everyone, just a token of our gratitude.”
 +
 
 +
小王慌了,连忙摇头摆手谢绝:“钱我不能收,绝对不能收。你们的心意我领 了。”他的回答使外宾们既惊讶又不安。
 +
 
 +
Wang was flustered and immediately shook his head and hands in refusal, saying, “I can't accept the money, absolutely not. I appreciate your kind intentions.” His response surprised and unsettled the foreign tourists. His response surprised and unsettled the foreign tourists. 
 +
 
 +
国旅沈阳分社翻译小张陪ー个美国旅行团,该团领队几次要给她小费,小张都 笑着谢绝了。在该团出境时,领队竟发了“火”,丢下装有美元的信封上了飞机。 小张无奈,只好先收下,按规定上交给社里。
 +
 
 +
Zhang, an interpreter from the Shenyang Branch of the China National Tourist Office, was accompanying an American tour group. The tour leader tried to tip her several times, but Xiao Zhang always refused with a smile. When the group was leaving the country, the leader, seemingly frustrated, dropped an envelope filled with US dollars and boarded the plane. Zhang, left with no choice, had to accept it and turn it over to the agency as per the rules. 
 +
 
 +
老干部们都说,当时导游都不收小费的,就是收ー支笔也上交。这是导游的天职。
 +
 
 +
The senior cadre all said that at that time, tour guides did not accept tips, even a pen received as a gift would be turned in. This was the innate duty of a tour guide. 
 +
 
 +
“选择了导游这个职业,就等于选择了奉献。我们是中国人,要表现出有国格, 有人格。”那时,这话很普遍。
 +
 
 +
 “Choosing the profession of a tour guide is akin to choosing dedication. We are Chinese and must display national character and personal integrity,” they said. At that time, this sentiment was widespread. 
 +
 
 +
还有太多拾金不昧的故事。
 +
 
 +
There were also too many stories about honest actions. 
 +
 
 +
香港同胞张送和夫妇到八达岭游长城,忙于拍照,过后发觉自己携带的黑色小 皮包丢失了,里面有护照和全部随带钱物。午餐时,桌上气氛沉闷,同伴都在为他 俩发愁。忽然,门帘拉起一角,八达岭交通警察彬彬有礼地探头询问:“你们这里有 叫张送和的客人吗?”
 +
 
 +
Hong Kong compatriots Mr. and Mrs. Zhang Songhe went to visit the Great Wall at Badaling and, busy taking photos, they realized they had lost their small black bag containing their passports and all their cash. The atmosphere at the lunch table was gloomy, as everyone was worried for them. Suddenly, a corner of the door curtain was pulled up, and a courteous Badaling traffic policeman asked, “Is there a guest named Zhang Songhe here?” 
 +
 
 +
张先生惊愣地站了起来:“我就是。”
 +
 
 +
Mr. Zhang stood up in shock, saying, “That's me.”
 +
 
 +
“您的皮包被解放军同志捡到了,请您清点一下吧!”
 +
 
 +
“Your bag was found by a comrade from the People's Liberation Army. Please check it!” 
 +
 
 +
一句话顿时打破了室内沉闷许久的气氛,全队客人不约而同地站起来鼓掌,热 烈地鼓掌。皮包内有万元港币、支票和有关证件,无ー缺少。张先生热泪夺眶,激 动地紧紧握住交通警察的手说:“奇迹,奇迹,简直不可想象啊,太感谢解放军了 !”
 +
 
 +
This sentence immediately broke the long-standing gloomy atmosphere in the room. All the guests stood up and applauded enthusiastically. The bag contained more than ten thousand Hong Kong dollars, checks, and related documents, with nothing missing. Tears filled Mr. Zhang's eyes as he excitedly clasped the traffic policeman's hand and said, “It's a miracle, a miracle. It's unimaginable, thank you so much to the People's Liberation Army!” 
 +
 
 +
对外友协参观团一位外宾,不知怎么把夫人结婚时赠予他的金手表丢了。他 说这块金表的价值并不重要,重要的是他爱情的信物。正躺在床上郁闷时,帮助寻 找的陪同翻译回来了,笑眯眯地向他伸出右手。天哪,他的“思念之物”居然在导 游掌心上闪闪发光。外宾高兴得像孩子般从床上跳起来〇
 +
 
 +
In a visiting group organized by the Foreign Friendship Association, one of the guests somehow lost the gold watch his wife gave him when they got married. He said the value of the watch was not important; what was important was that it symbolized their love. As he was lying in bed feeling down, the accompanying interpreter who had helped him search for the watch returned, smiling broadly as he extended his right hand. My goodness, his item of affection was actually sparkling in the palm of the guide. The foreign visitor was so happy that he jumped up from the bed like a child. 
 +
 
 +
“在哪里找到的?”他问。
 +
 
 +
“Where did you find it?” He asked. 
 +
 
 +
“是两位重庆工人在大街上捡到的。”
 +
 
 +
“It was found by two workers from Chongqing on the street.” 
 +
 
 +
“大街上?”
 +
 
 +
“On the street?” 
 +
 
 +
“对呀!他们捡到,看这东西不像是当地人的,就马上送到这住外宾的宾馆里 来了。”
 +
 
 +
“Yes! When they found it, they thought it didn't look like it belonged to a local person, so they immediately brought it to this hotel where foreign visitors stay.” 
 +
 
 +
“上帝啊,中国人不可思议!”
 +
 
 +
“My God, Chinese people are unbelievable!” 
 +
 
 +
法国全球旅行团卢尔丹勒夫妇走出王府井书店。
 +
 
 +
The Lueldanle couple from the French Global Tour Group walked out of the Wangfujing Bookstore. 
 +
 
 +
闹市中,卢尔丹勒夫人忽然惊叫皮包不见了。只见有个中年人穿越人群快步 朝他们跑来,手上挥动着她熟悉的法式小包。来人气喘吁吁地说:“刚オ,你们在我 身边买磁带走后,我发现这个包,是你们的吗?”
 +
 
 +
In the bustling city, Mrs. Lueldanle suddenly screamed that her bag was missing. They saw a middle-aged man crossing through the crowd, running towards them quickly while waving her familiar French-style small bag. The man, panting heavily, said, “Just now, after you walked past me while buying cassettes, I found this bag. Is it yours?” 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
卢尔丹勒夫人连声说:“是,是。谢谢,谢谢!”
 +
 
 +
Mrs. Lueldanle kept saying, “Yes, it is. Thank you, thank you!” 
 +
 
 +
陪同的翻译请他留下姓名和工作单位,他微微一笑:“我是北京小学老师。”说 罢,颇有礼貌地用手势告别。
 +
 
 +
The accompanying interpreter asked him to leave his name and workplace, he smiled slightly and said, “I am a primary school teacher in Beijing.” After saying this, he politely bid farewell with a gesture. 
 +
 
 +
卢尔丹勒先生说,西方这种事情已经很少见了,而偷窃在西方国家猖獗,使旅 游者生畏。“中国人的美德,同你们的万里长城一样,太棒了!”
 +
 
 +
Mr. Lueldanle said that such incidents are now rare in the West, and theft is rampant in Western countries, making travelers apprehensive. “The virtues of the Chinese people, like your Great Wall, are just amazing!” 
 +
 
 +
停泊在大连港的日中九州友好之船,晚上9点要起航出境。傍晚,一位老年团 员神情紧张地对陪同老赵说:“我有40万日币忘在宾馆房间的床下面了,怎么好?”
 +
 
 +
The Japan-China Kyushu Friendship Ship was moored at Dalian Port and was to set sail for departure at 9 o'clock in the evening. In the evening, an elderly group member nervously told the accompanying Old Zhao, “I left 400,000 yen under the bed in the hotel room, what should I do?” 
 +
 
 +
老赵很自信地说:“别焦急,只要您没有记错,就一定能找回来。”老赵当即把 此事转告辽宁大厦保安部,大厦保安立刻到客人所住的305房间床底下寻来找去, 没找到。最后是在枕头套里找到了一叠日元,清点后不是40万,而是57万日元。 国旅沈阳分社马上派专车将钱送上船,这时离开船还有一个多小时。
 +
 
 +
Old Zhao confidently said, “Don't panic, as long as you haven't remembered it wrong, you will definitely be able to find it.” Old Zhao immediately reported the matter to the security department of Liaoning Mansion. The mansion security immediately went to the guest's room 305 and searched under the bed, but they couldn't find it. In the end, they found a stack of yen in the pillowcase. After counting, it was not 400,000, but 570,000 yen. The Shenyang branch of China Travel Service immediately sent a special car to deliver the money to the ship. There was still more than an hour before the ship left. 
 +
 
 +
失款复得的日本老人含泪鞠躬:“真是听说千遍,不如ー见。中国人的道德是 世界上最高尚的。”他抽出一大叠日币,酬谢前去送钱的翻译。
 +
 
 +
The Japanese elder who had lost and then recovered his money bowed tearfully, “It's better to see once than hear a thousand times. The morals of the Chinese people are the most noble in the world.” He pulled out a large stack of yen to thank the interpretor who had delivered the money. 
 +
 
 +
“这是我们的职责,您拿钱感谢是不合适的。”翻译说。
 +
 
 +
“It's our duty, and it's not appropriate for you to thank us with money,” said the interpretor.
 +
 
 +
“对不起,对不起!请原谅,我失礼了。”日本客人再次鞠躬,热泪滴在甲板上。
 +
 
 +
“I'm sorry, I'm sorry! Please forgive me, I was impolite.” The Japanese guest bowed again, his hot tears dropping onto the deck. 
 +
 
 +
说起来宾客们也太粗心了。虽然陪同人员经常提醒客人妥善保管好随身物 件,叮嘱客人不要将贵重物品和钱币随便乱放,但旅游途中遗忘钱物时有发生。有 的把瑞士表留在洗手间,有的把珠宝掉在沙发缝中,有的把钱包丢在柜台,有的把 装巨款的手提箱忘在餐厅……
 +
 
 +
Speaking of which, the guests were really careless. Even though the accompanying staff frequently remind guests to take good care of their personal belongings and not to leave valuable items and money around carelessly, there are still cases of lost money and items during travel. Some left Swiss watches in the bathroom, some dropped jewelry in the sofa crevices, some left wallets on the counter, some forgot suitcases with huge amounts of money in the restaurant... 
 +
 
 +
北京饭店、民族饭店、友谊宾馆、和平宾馆等涉外宾馆,1979年来就有1500多 起拾金不昧的事。多的ー个皮包就有数万美金,除了现金、旅行支票外,还有照相 机、摄像机、录音机、手提箱、手表、金银珠宝等等。
 +
 
 +
Since 1979, more than 1500 instances of finding and returning lost items have occurred at foreign-related hotels such as the Beijing Hotel, Minzu Hotel, Friendship Guesthouse, and Peace Hotel. In addition to cash and traveler's checks, there were cameras, video cameras, tape recorders, suitcases, watches, gold and silver jewelry, and so on. 
 +
 
 +
许多失主情真意切地拿出金钱财物表示感谢,但没有一人肯接受。一位饭店 服务员,面对外宾3000元酬谢,淡淡地说了句“弯腰之劳不用谢”,继续埋头擦 餐桌。
 +
 
 +
Many owners who had lost their belongings were sincere in offering money or valuables as a token of thanks, but no one accepted. One hotel waiter, faced with a 3,000 yuan reward from a foreign guest, simply said, “No need for thanks, it’s just a small favor,” and continued to wipe the tables. 
 +
 
 +
那时,我们刚刚走出“文革”的岁月,大家都不富裕,但穷得有志气。这种“贫 贱不移”,令外宾敬佩不已。
 +
 
 +
At that time, we had just emerged from the years of the Cultural Revolution. Everyone was not well-off, but their poverty was filled with dignity. This unyielding spirit in the face of poverty deeply impressed foreign visitors. 
 +
 
 +
这些拾金不昧者都是些普通百姓,有领班、出租车司机、空姐、清洁エ、餐厅服 务员,还有工人、农民、售货员。改革开放初期的人心人情中,有那么多的阳光。外 国人听说中国有个雷锋,赞扬说“中国遍地雷锋”,这并不过分。尽管“文革”也给 西方人留下复杂的记忆,但改革开放初期,许许多多的外国旅游者,就从遍布中国 各地普普通通的拾金不昧者中,认识到真实的中国人,他们用不同的语言说出ー个 共同的声音:“中国人,了不起!”
 +
 
 +
These individuals who found and returned lost property were ordinary citizens: leaders, taxi drivers, flight attendants, cleaning staff, restaurant servers, as well as workers, farmers, and sales clerks. In the early days of reform and opening up, there was so much warmth and goodwill in people's hearts. The foreigners heard that China had a person named Lei Feng, and they praised saying “China is full of Lei Fengs”, which wasn't an overstatement. Despite the Cultural Revolution leaving complex memories for Westerners, in the early days of the reform and opening up, countless foreign tourists recognized the real Chinese people from the ordinary people who were honest in all parts of China. They used different languages to voice a common sentiment: “Chinese people are incredible!”
 +
 
 +
3.世界需要热心肠
 +
 
 +
 
 +
The World Needs Warmth and Kindness.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
这里所述的故事,有些是救人性命的大事,更多还是生活中鸡毛蒜皮的小事,
 +
 
 +
The stories described here include some significant incidents of saving lives, and more often, they're about minor things in life. 
 +
 
 +
无论大小,都在讲述:世界需要热心肠。
 +
 
 +
No matter how big or small, they all tell the same story: the world needs warmth and kindness. 
 +
 
 +
70岁高龄的美国史密斯先生在攀登到长城第四座烽火台时,突然软瘫晕倒在 地,脸色苍白,头冒冷汗。正在长城上执勤的某部警卫连指导员带领几名战士,把 史密斯先生背到长城脚下休息室,又请八达岭特区医务室大夫赶来抢救。经诊断, 是高血压病突发,幸亏及时抢救,使史密斯先生病情缓和,转危为安,事后未收分文 诊费。史密斯先生感动地说:“在美国,一点小病求医都是要付出昂贵医药费的,中 国不可思议。”
 +
 
 +
Seventy-year-old Mr. Smith from the United States suddenly collapsed while climbing to the fourth beacon tower of the Great Wall. His face was pale and his forehead was covered in cold sweat. The instructor of a security company on duty on the Great Wall, along with several soldiers, carried Mr. Smith down to a rest room at the base of the Great Wall, and called a doctor from the Badaling Special Zone Medical Center for help. Upon diagnosis, it was found that Mr. Smith had a sudden onset of high blood pressure. Fortunately, the timely rescue eased Mr. Smith's condition, turning danger into safety, and no medical fees were charged afterwards. Moved, Mr. Smith said, "In the United States, even minor illnesses require paying expensive medical fees. China is incredible.” 
 +
 
 +
有一年冬天,在西安旅游的日本游客高田先生,晚餐多喝了点酒,带着几分醉 意,ー个人抱着刚买的“三彩马”走到宾馆湖边时不慎一脚踩空,连人带物跌入宾 馆内的湖中。立刻有三个宾馆工作人员跳了下去,费了好大劲,オ把冻得发抖的高 田先生救上来。当知道他买的“三彩马”还在湖中时,正在看电影的渔エ老雷赶来 打捞。老雷在冰冷的湖水中,东摸西找,好一会オ找到。
 +
 
 +
 
 +
One winter, Mr. Takada, a Japanese tourist traveling in Xi'an, had a bit too much to drink at dinner. Somewhat tipsy, he was carrying the "Tri-colored Horse" he had just purchased. As he walked alone to the lake beside the hotel, he carelessly stepped into thin air, falling into the hotel's lake, man and object together. Immediately, three hotel staff members jumped in. After much effort, they managed to rescue Mr. Takada, who was shivering from the cold. When they learned that the Tri-colored Horse he bought was still in the lake, Old Lei, a fisherman who was watching a movie, rushed over to help retrieve it. In the icy lake water, he fumbled around until he finally found it after a while. 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
“救人还救马”的故事传开后,团长杉木宽先生带领全团人员对全馆工作人员 表示衷心感谢。高田先生激动地拉着救命恩人的手说:“中国伟大,中国人民 伟大。”
 +
 
 +
After the story of "saving both man and horse" spread, Mr. Sugimoku Hiroshi, the tour leader, led the entire group in expressing their heartfelt gratitude to the hotel staff. Mr. Takada, moved, held the hands of his rescuers and said, “China is great, the Chinese people are great.” 
 +
 
 +
希腊专家维内察努是个幽默的老太太,乘“伏波号”游船游漓江。午后天气骤 然转寒,阵阵呼啸的江风掠过,维内察努上衣单薄,下身穿条绸裙子,全身冻得直打 哆嗦。她躲进船舱,在胸前画着十字,闭着眼睛喃喃祈祷:“上帝呀,给你儿女ー盆 火吧!”
 +
 
 +
Greek expert Vinenitsanou is a humorous old lady, who took a cruise on the “Fubo” to tour the Li River. In the afternoon, the weather suddenly turned cold, and gusts of howling river winds swept through. Vinenitsanou, in a thin upper garment and a silk skirt, was shivering all over from the cold. She hid in the cabin, making the sign of the cross in front of her chest, closing her eyes, and praying softly, “God, grant your daughter a basin of fire!” 
 +
 
 +
没想到她的祈祷还真灵验,过一会儿,ー盆暖融融的炭火变魔术般地出现在她 的面前。老人高兴得蹦起来,飞身旋转跳起希腊舞。原来是航运公司干部老周见 她冻得不行,生了这盆火。
 +
 
 +
Unexpectedly, her prayer really worked, and after a while, a warm basin of charcoal fire magically appeared in front of her. The old lady was so happy that she sprang up and danced the Greek dance. It turned out that Old Zhou, an official from the shipping company, saw her freezing and started the fire. 
 +
 
 +
日本CITC26-217团的翻译小吴下午在昆明西山游览时,突然发现该团成员 安田正士先生走丢了,他是位73岁高龄的老人。小吴焦急地向国旅昆明分社 报告。
 +
 
 +
In the afternoon, while touring Xishan in Kunming, Wu, the interpretor for the Japanese CITC26-217 group, suddenly realized that Mr. Yasuda Masashi, a member of the group, had gotten lost. He is a 73-year-old man. Wu anxiously reported to the Kunming branch of the CITS. 
 +
 
 +
客人失踪这事非同小可。大家奔赴现场寻找,几个小时都没找到。正急得要 向公安局报案时,出人意料,安田先生比寻找他的人先回到了昆明饭店。原来是ー 位采草药的青年山农护送他回到饭店。分手时,安田先生把钱包里所有的钱倒出 来,要送给他。青年人坚决推辞,连垫付的船、车、电话费也不收。
 +
 
 +
The disappearance of a guest was no small matter. Everyone rushed to the scene to search, but they didn't find him after several hours. Just as they were about to report the matter to the police, unexpectedly, Mr. Yasuda returned to the Kunming Hotel before those who were looking for him. It turned out that a young mountain farmer who was gathering herbs had escorted him back to the hotel. At parting, Mr. Yasuda emptied all the money from his wallet and wanted to give it to him. The young man firmly declined, even refusing to accept reimbursement for the boat, car, and phone expenses.
 +
 
 +
年轻人说:“你迷路了,人生地不熟,送你回来是应该的,不要感谢我,每个中国 人都会这么做的。”
 +
 
 +
The young man said, “You were lost, in a place where you don't know anyone. It's only right that I bring you back. Don't thank me, every Chinese person would do the same.” 
 +
 
 +
安田先生感到遗憾的是,他忘了问这个青年的姓名〇
 +
 
 +
What Mr. Yasuda regretted was that he forgot to ask the young man's name. 
 +
 
 +
西欧旅游团正在无锡第一缥丝厂参观,兴致正浓时,大家发现ー个上了年纪叫 瑞特的外宾不知上哪了。ー找,原来瑞特先生因为手术留下的后遗症,不方便蹲 坑,大便拉在裤子里,困在厕所出不来了。陪同的是个大姑娘,急得团团转。
 +
 
 +
The Western European tour group was visiting the No.1 Silk Factory in Wuxi. Just as they were enjoying their visit, they noticed that an elderly guest named Reiter had disappeared. Upon searching, they found out that Mr. Reiter, due to the sequelae from a surgery, had trouble squatting and had defecated in his pants, leaving him trapped in the restroom. The accompanying guide, a young woman, was in a state of distress. 
 +
 
 +
ー个工人师傅说了句:“交给我吧。”
 +
 
 +
A worker stepped forward and said, “Leave it to me.” 
 +
 
 +
这位工人师傅带他去洗澡,又给他找来裤子换上,叫车送他回饭店休息。瑞特 先生感激地说:“在无锡,我不仅游览了江南水乡美丽的风光,还领受了中国人的美 好心灵。”
 +
 
 +
This worker helped him to take a shower, found him a pair of pants to change into, and then called a car to send him back to the hotel to rest. Mr. Reiter gratefully said, “In Wuxi, not only have I enjoyed the beautiful scenery of the southern water towns, but I have also experienced the beautiful soul of the Chinese people.” 
 +
 
 +
4.百闻不如ー见
 +
 
 +
4. Seeing is Believing
 +
 
 +
 
 +
北京全聚德宴会厅,青旅正宴请回国观光的香港同胞,酒过三巡,席间气氛达 到高潮。
 +
 
 +
In the banquet hall of Quanjude in Beijing, the CYTS was hosting a banquet for visiting compatriots from Hong Kong. After a few rounds of drinks, the atmosphere at the banquet reached a climax. 
 +
 
 +
ー个20多岁的年轻人,悄悄地把当时主管接待的董衡拉到ー边,说:“你猜我 是哪来的?”
 +
 
 +
A young man in his twenties quietly pulled Dong Heng, who was in charge of the reception at the time, aside and said, “Guess where I'm from?” 
 +
 
 +
董衡说:“你不是从香港来的?”
 +
 
 +
Dong Heng said, “Aren't you from Hong Kong?” 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
他神秘一笑:“不,我是从台湾来的。”
 +
 
 +
He gave a mysterious smile and said, “No, I'm from Taiwan.” 
 +
 
 +
董衡当时是团中央青年旅行部部长,听了一愣,但马上反应过来:“那更要欢迎 了!来了,有什么感受?”
 +
 
 +
At that time, Dong Heng was the Minister of the Youth Travel Department of the Central Committee. He was taken aback when he heard this but quickly responded, “That's even more welcome! How do you feel now that you're here?” 
 +
 
 +
“我在台湾听说共产党都是青面獐牙的,很凶,六亲不认的。老百姓生活很苦, 现在我亲眼看到的,和以前听到的,完全是两回事。”
 +
 
 +
“I heard in Taiwan that all Communists have fierce faces and show no mercy, even to their own family. The common people live very hard lives. Now that I've seen it with my own eyes, it's completely different from what I heard before.” 
 +
 
 +
数十年的封闭,造成世界不了解中国,中国也不了解世界。
 +
 
 +
Decades of isolation have resulted in the world not understanding China, and China not understanding the world. 
 +
 
 +
1976年1月,邓小平的头像首次出现在美国《时代》周刊的封面上。封面左下 角注明“周恩来的继承人:邓小平”,右上角的醒目标题则是:“中国:朋友还是敌 人?”这种说法明白地在告诉世界:对于红色中国,他们还摸不透。
 +
 
 +
In January 1976, Deng Xiaoping's portrait appeared for the first time on the cover of “Time” magazine in the United States. The lower-left corner of the cover read “Zhou Enlai's successor: Deng Xiaoping,” while the eye-catching title in the upper-right corner asked, "China: Friend or Foe?" This clearly indicated to the world that they still didn't have a firm grasp of the situation in Red China. 
 +
 
 +
很久了,西方人对中国一直有一种“神秘感”,对中国的认识还停留在几十年 前甚至百年前的清末,不少国家的不少人,以为中国人穿着长袍马褂,瓜皮帽的后 边还拖着一条长长的发辫。我们对外界也不了解。1972年“乒乓外交”之后,我们 ォ改变“美帝纸老虎”的说法。
 +
 
 +
For a long time, Westerners have maintained a sense of mystery towards China, with their understanding of China still stuck in the situation decades, or even hundreds of years ago, during the late Qing Dynasty. Many people in many countries think that Chinese people still wear long gowns and skullcaps, with a long braid trailing from the back of their hats. We also didn't understand the outside world. After the Ping Pong Diplomacy in 1972, we changed our belief about “American imperialism being a paper tiger.”
 +
 
 +
因为封闭太久,在刚开放的ー些内地城市,金发碧眼的女郎,高鼻子白皮肤的 外国人ー出现,常常有人围观看热闹。胆大的小孩,蹲在地上去摸外国人腿上长长 的黄毛。
 +
 
 +
Due to our long isolation, when some mainland cities began to open up and blond-haired, blue-eyed girls or high-nosed, white-skinned foreigners started to appear, people would often gather around to watch the spectacle. Bold children would even squat down and touch the long blonde leg hair of these foreigners. 
 +
 
 +
1982年,法国可尼旅行社一行26人来华旅游。该团大部分成员都是首次来 华,带着对中国的种种猜疑而来,甚至有人认为中国还处于“文革”动乱之中,年轻人还戴着红袖章。
 +
 
 +
In 1982, a group of 26 people from the French travel agency Conny came to China for a tour. Most members of the group were visiting China for the first time, bringing with them various suspicions about China. Some even thought that China was still in the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution, with young people still wearing red armbands. 
 +
 
 +
十几天内,他们参观了エ厂,在农村用餐,漫步街道,同中国百姓 交谈接触,他们的看法变了,惊叹不已。他们感受到中国人民是勤奋向上的,中国 不简单,要保证十亿人民吃饭穿衣,维护着社会安定,这几乎是ー种奇迹。
 +
 
 +
Within a span of ten days or so, they visited factories, had meals in rural areas, strolled the streets, and interacted with the common Chinese people. Their perceptions were changed and they were astonished. They realized that the Chinese people are hardworking and always striving to improve, and that China is far more complex than they had imagined. The fact that it can ensure over a billion people have food to eat and clothes to wear, while maintaining social stability, seemed almost miraculous to them.
 +
 
 +
研究中国问题的学者,十分关心中国的人权问题、用人制度问题。改革开放后 中国干部政策也有了变革,取消了用人看阶级成分的做法。上大学、分配工作、婚 姻、考核等许多方面,阶级成分不再是考虑的因素。过去因所谓“出身不好”而受 歧视,使之终生不与别人平等的现象已经得到纠正。这是改革开放以来政策上ー 项最大的改革。这些情况让外宾们听了看了耳目一新。
 +
 
 +
Scholars studying issues related to China are very concerned about human rights and the employment system in China. After the reform and opening up, there have been changes in the cadre policy in China, and the practice of classifying people based on their class background has been abolished. n many aspects such as university enrollment, job allocation, marriage, and assessments, the consideration of one's class background is no longer a determining factor. The discrimination based on the so-called bad background in the past, which resulted in lifelong inequality, has been corrected. This is the most significant reform in policy since the beginning of the reform and opening up. These developments have greatly impressed the foreign visitors. 
 +
 
 +
前西德旅游者古斯塔夫・穆里瑞说:“中国之行使人满意,作为一个从遥远的 欧洲来到你们国家的旅游者,我看到了中国的希望。”
 +
 
 +
Gustav Müller, a former tourist from West Germany, remarked, “My trip to China has been satisfying. As a tourist coming from distant Europe to your country, I have seen the hope of China.” 
 +
 
 +
有个由教授、医生31人组成的美国旅游团,带着各种偏见到中国来旅游。埃 德先生是康斯坦丁大学教授,他一直认为中国人思想和行动都不自由,工作艰难, 生活困苦。其情形也有点像我们以为他们那儿的人民“生活在水深火热之中” 〇
 +
 
 +
There was a tourist group from the United States consisting of 31 members, including professors and doctors, who came to China with various biases. Mr. Ed, a professor from the University of Konstantin, had always believed that Chinese people lacked freedom in their thoughts and actions, and that they faced challenging work and a difficult life. It seemed that his perception was somewhat similar to our assumption that the people there were living in dire circumstances. 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
埃德先生为了证实自己的观点,带了 10打彩色胶卷,准备拍摄“证据”,以便回 去说服不同意他观点的人。到北京的第一天,他起了个大早,自己一人从前门饭店 走到虎坊路口,只见人行道上的行人和大街上的骑车人,都衣着整齐,精神愉快,有 的还微笑着用英语友好地向他问候:“早晨好!”
 +
 
 +
To validate his viewpoint, Mr. Ed brought along 10 rolls of color film, prepared to capture evidence that would help convince those who disagreed with him. On his first day in Beijing, he got up early and walked alone from the Qianmen Hotel to the Hufang intersection. He found pedestrians on the sidewalks and cyclists on the streets, all neatly dressed and in high spirits. Some even greeted him warmly in English with a smile: “Good morning!”
 +
 
 +
埃德先生迷惑了。
 +
 
 +
This puzzled Mr. Ed. 
 +
 
 +
最后,他说:“看来,过去听说的不是事实。”
 +
 
 +
In the end, he said, “It seems that what I've heard in the past is not true.” 
 +
 
 +
这个团的狄先生是美国有名的医学博士,到上海患了感冒。陪同劝他去医院 治病,狄先生摇摇头说:“中国还没有给我看病的设备。”
 +
 
 +
In the same group was Mr. Di, a renowned medical doctor from the United States who caught a cold when they arrived in Shanghai. When his companions suggested that he should go to the hospital, Mr. Di shook his head and said, “China doesn't have the equipment to treat me.” 
 +
 
 +
陪同拿出自备的中药板蓝根,用开水冲开后对他说:“你试试,这种药与咖啡味 道差不多,能解暑降温呢!”
 +
 
 +
One of the companions presented a self-prepared traditional Chinese medicine, Ban Lan Gen, and after dissolving it in hot water, he suggested, “You should try this. It has a taste similar to coffee and can help relieve heat and reduce fever.” 
 +
 
 +
博士半信半疑地喝下去,没想到第二天一早就不打喷嚏了。狄先生夫妇笑着 找到陪同又要了几包。事后狄先生说:“太神奇了！简直不可思议!”临别时,狄先 生一下子买了 200包板蓝根带回国。
 +
 
 +
With a blend of skepticism and curiosity, the doctor drank the concoction. To his surprise, by the next morning, his sneezing had stopped. Mr. Di and his wife, amused and intrigued, approached the companion and asked for a few more. Reflecting on the incident later, Mr. Di said, “That's miraculous! Absolutely inconceivable!” When it was time to leave, Mr. Di bought 200 packets of Ban Lan Gen to take back to his home country. 
 +
 
 +
这个团有个精神病老专家利奥奈德,在去云冈石窟的路上,洪水从公路漫过, 汽车过不去。正当游客们站在水边发愣时,有个过路农民微笑着走到利奥奈德先 生身边,边说边打手势。
 +
 
 +
There was also a mental health expert named Leonard in the group. On their way to the Yungang Grottoes, a flood had covered the road, making it impassable for their vehicle. As the tourists stood by the water, bewildered, a passing farmer approached Leonard with a smile, speaking and gesturing to him. 
 +
 
 +
老专家想想,掏出了钱包。
 +
 
 +
After some thought, Leonard reached for his wallet.
 +
 
 +
农民急得直摇头。
 +
 
 +
The farmer, however, responded with an urgent shake of his head. 
 +
 
 +
陪同翻译赶忙解释:“他是说水不深,他可以背你过去。”
 +
 
 +
老专家为自己的误解感到内疚。
 +
 
 +
Quickly stepping in, the interpreter clarified, “He's saying the water isn't deep. He can carry you across.” Embarrassed by his misinterpretation, Leonard conceded. 
 +
 
 +
农民背起利奥奈德先生涉水往前走,其他外宾纷纷脱鞋挽裤,兴奋地跟在后 面,顺利地到了对岸。过后,利奥奈德先生告诉陪同,他的两个身强体壮的儿子也 在这个团,但只是站在他的身边袖手旁观。
 +
 
 +
With that, the farmer hoisted Leonard onto his back and started wading through the water. The rest of the group, caught up in the excitement, followed suit by rolling up their pants, removing their shoes, and making their way across to the other side. Later, Leonard revealed to the interpreter that his two robust sons were also part of the group, but they had merely stood by, watching the events unfold without offering assistance.
 +
 
 +
百闻不如一见。这个团在中国经过短暂的17天行程,离境时他们坦率地承 认,事实让他们改变了对中国的看法。
 +
 
 +
It was a profound lesson in the power of firsthand experience. After a brief 17-day journey through China, the group left the country with candid admissions that their experiences had fundamentally changed their perceptions of China. The truth they witnessed was far more compelling than any secondhand account. 
 +
 
 +
美国哈佛大学5位美国大学生回国后给国旅总部寄来感谢信,信中说:“我们 在美国听到的中国,同我们在北京亲眼看到的中国,完全不一样,中国人民十分友 好厂’类似这样的海外来信,每个月能收到一大摞。
 +
 
 +
After returning to the United States, five students from Harvard University sent a letter of gratitude to the headquarters of the CITS. The letter read, “The China we heard about in the U.S. is completely different from the China we personally experienced in Beijing. The Chinese people are incredibly friendly.” Piles of similar letters from overseas pour in every month. 
 +
 
 +
40多年前曾在北京生活过的泰国徐安纳女士故地重游,兴奋地说:“北京变得 认不出了,比想象中还好。”
 +
 
 +
More than 40 years ago, Thai citizen Ms. Xu Anna lived in Beijing. Upon revisiting the city, she excitedly exclaimed, “Beijing has changed so much that it's unrecognizable, and it's even better than I imagined.” 
 +
 
 +
世界已经看到ー个日益开放的中国。
 +
 
 +
The world is witnessing a China that is increasingly open. 
 +
 
 +
5.公鸡太太汤
 +
 
 +
5. Mr. Rooster's Wife
 +
 
 +
当年,有许多友好人士对我国新兴的旅游业导游短缺、航班延误、火车晚点、服 务欠缺等种种问题,提出过很多批评。
 +
 
 +
Back in the day, many well-wishers raised concerns about the emerging tourism industry in our country, citing a shortage of tour guides, flight delays, train lateness, and a lack of services. These issues have invited a great deal of criticism. 
 +
 
 +
八达岭火车站没有候车亭,只有一块站牌,旅客上下火车非常不便。等候乘车 的旅客,只能在空旷的野地里站着。烈日暴晒,下雨挨淋,外宾对此反映强烈。于 是旅客候车亭相继出现,车站、码头、街口醒目的指示牌多了起来。
 +
 
 +
Badaling train station had no waiting area, just a signboard, which made getting on and off the train very inconvenient. Waiting passengers had no choice but to stand in the open field. The intense sunlight in the summer and the heavy rain at times brought strong complaints from foreign visitors. Consequently, waiting areas for passengers began to appear, and more noticeable signs were installed at stations, docks, and intersections. 
 +
 
 +
飞机行李舱的门打开,舱里的行李哗啦啦都掉到接运卡车箱里。外宾看到这 种“快速卸货法”,惊讶得张大了嘴巴。有人对这种野蛮方法提出批评,机场很快 就改进了。
 +
 
 +
When the doors of the airplane cargo hold were opened, all the luggage inside would clatter down into the receiving cart. Foreign visitors would gape in surprise at this “fast unloading method.” Criticisms of such rough handling were raised, and the airport soon made improvements. 
  
−
时间进入20世纪90年代初。经历了百万大裁军和种种改革洗涤后的三军将 士,与现代化这个曾经非常陌生的“精灵”共舞。跳出的是飘逸起伏的华尔兹,还 是稳重端庄的布鲁斯?抑或是激扬潇洒的探戈?他们是怎样找到感觉的?是怎样 与自己的“新舞伴”从踩脚、摔跤到形成默契、融为一体的?
+
广州宾馆小卖部只收港币,美国、墨西哥外宾要喝可口可乐没港币便买不到。 能否通融一下,用美元或人民币呢?服务员说:“上面规定,没办法。”反映到经理 那里,死规定变活了,宾馆有了外币兑换窗口。
  
−
陆军篇
+
The convenience store at the Guangzhou Hotel only accepted Hong Kong dollars. Foreign visitors from the United States and Mexico, lacking the local currency, found themselves unable to buy a Coca-Cola. “Could we possibly use US dollars or yuan instead?” inquired a guest. The waiter replied, “The regulations dictate otherwise. I'm sorry, there's nothing I can do.” When these issues were brought to the manager's attention, the rigid rules became more flexible, and the hotel soon introduced a foreign currency exchange counter. 
  
−
笑着出去哭着回来的英雄士兵
+
韩素音女士曾激动地问,为什么饭店服务员不帮助游客搬行李?起初,我们确 实还没有这种观念,有人提出,也很快改进。
  
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这是ー支英雄的陆军部队。究其来历,可谓名副其实的“井冈山上放过哨,万 里长征开过道,鬼子头上撒过尿,美蒋头上拔过毛”,战功赫赫,彪炳史册。尤其是 抗美援朝战争,打得美军丢盔弃甲,闻风丧胆,成为我军ー只名副其实的铁拳。
+
Ms. Han Suyin once passionately asked why hotel staff didn't assist guests with their luggage. Initially, we indeed lacked such a concept, but once it was suggested, improvements were quickly made. 
  
−
这支“铁拳”部队的装备本来就“羊群跑马”,令人钦羡,自个儿也引以为豪。 时值20世纪80年代末90年代初,上级又令其某坦克团锦上添花,准备接新装备。 说任务光荣艰巨,要求派文化程度高、军事技术好的12人直接去厂家接回。
+
有些服务员认为自己一天到晚伺候洋人,低人一等,这样的心理感觉也是存在 的。如此,哪能有笑脸?干活也没劲。宾馆开展了“微笑服务”活动,我们开始懂 得,如果出了差错,微笑能代表道歉。微笑是快乐的精灵,ー个微笑能使人快乐 ー天。
  
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炮四连连长赵国根带着!1名从各连挑来的尖子,坐上了火车。说起当时的心 情,就好比久旱的禾苗逢甘霖,大龄小伙儿娶媳妇,心里甜得像抹了蜜,美得腰板挺 直,人仿佛陡然长高了几厘米。首先用新装备,此乃本部之光荣;最先去接新装备, 更是光荣之上加光荣。12人的脸上都笑出了花。
+
Some staff felt that serving foreigners all day was demeaning, a sentiment that did exist. Under such a mindset, how could they serve with a smile? Their work would naturally lack enthusiasm. The hotel then initiated a "smile service" campaign. We began to understand that if a mistake occurs, a smile can serve as an apology. A smile is a sprite of joy, a single smile can bring happiness to someone for an entire day. 
  
−
然而,刚下火车,他们便“热锅贴了个冷灶”。厂方接待人员十分怀疑地问道: “就你们来接新装备?”
+
国外酒店同行热心地向我们介绍国际酒店十条标准:笑容、礼仪、整洁、责任、 守时、忠诚、尊敬、服从、效率、勤勉。我们组织员工学习,开始认识到在客人眼中, “我就是酒店,酒店就是我”的道理。
  
−
“怎么,我们咋就接不了新装备?”小伙子们不服气。
+
Our international hotel counterparts kindly introduced us to the ten international hotel standards: a smile, courtesy, cleanliness, responsibility, punctuality, loyalty, respect, obedience, efficiency, and diligence. We organized staff training and began to realize the principle that in the eyes of the guest, “I am the hotel, and the hotel is me.” 
  
−
“别急。请告诉我你们的文化程度?”
+
刚从招待所转成外宾接待的,服务员带有招待所的老传统,把被子叠得方方正 正,外宾一眼看去像到了军营。经指点也学会宾馆的做法,平铺于床,为客人掀好 ー个角,这有如道一句“晚安”,使人安然入梦乡。
  
−
“全部高中毕业,训练尖子!”
+
Those who had just transitioned from working in guest houses carried over old traditions, such as folding the blankets perfectly square, which to foreign guests resembled a military barracks. With some guidance, they learned the practices of the hotel, spreading the blanket flat on the bed, and folding back one corner for the guest. This gesture is akin to saying “Goodnight,” setting the stage for a peaceful night's sleep. 
  
−
尽管回答得理直气壮,整齐洪亮,但负责接待的工程师还是默默地摇了摇头: “这装备你们接不了!”
+
英语指示牌常出错,“游客止步”的地方挂着“自由出入”,甚至男女厕所英语 的使用也不正确,使人哭笑不得。ー经提出,及时更换。
  
−
原因很简单,文化程度太低,“ー个大学本科生学4年毕业,还得钻ー阵子才能 搞清它的原理构造。新装备是我们千名工程师多少年的心血,让你们乱鼓捣,我们 不放心”。
+
Errors often occurred with English signs. In places marked "No Entry for Visitors" hung signs reading “Free Entry” and even the English usage for men's and women's restrooms was incorrect, which was both amusing and frustrating. Once these issues were identified, they were promptly addressed. 
  
−
赵国根和他的士兵们差点没骂出声来。这也太欺负人了！从!927年平江起 义算起,咱部队在什么恶仗大仗面前皱过眉头?在什么艰难困苦面前打过“退堂
+
问题总还是有很多。桂林一些宾馆水泵压カ不够,导致房间缺水,服务员就一 桶桶提上楼去。但是,导游,特别是服务员外语水平差,一时却难以改变。
  
−
鼓”?绝不能这样善罢甘休!
+
But, inevitably, problems still arose. Some hotels in Guilin had inadequate water pressure, causing a shortage of water in the rooms. Waitstaff had to carry buckets of water up the stairs. But their poor proficiency in foreign languages, especially among the waitstaff and tour guides, proved difficult to improve in the short term. 
  
−
“不懂,咱们有信心从头学起。从今天起,就请厂方为我们办学习班,非完成任 务不可!”
+
在外宾下榻的宾馆里,翻译不可能处处相陪,吃饭点菜、问讯、洗衣、打电话、拍 电报、兑换外币、修理物件等,都找服务员。由于语言不通,只有靠比画、猜想办事, 闹过不少笑话。
  
−
好!壮志可嘉。厂方答应试试看,派工程师为这个小分队上课。
+
In hotels where foreign guests were staying, it was not possible for interpretors to be present everywhere. For dining, inquiries, laundry, phone calls, telegrams, currency exchange, and repairs, guests had to rely on the waitstaff. Due to language barriers, communication often had to be done through gestures and guesses, which led to some amusing misunderstandings. 
  
−
3天课上下来,男女工程师们终于发现,他们讲课尽管做到了深入浅出,但仍 然无异于对牛弹琴。“听懂了吗?”ー问三不知;“谁能回答?”ー个个面面相觑。エ 程师急了,不得不问道:“你们说个实话,究竟有几个是正儿八经的高中生?”
+
外宾想吃荔枝,端来了辣椒;想上洗手间,端来了一盆水。有位刚洗完澡的客 人,向服务员要一个接线板,服务员却请来ー个医生。一位美国老太太怕冷,说要 加一床毛毯,而领班听成白兰地,于是送去ー瓶酒,老太太掩嘴而笑。ー个日本游 客反映暖气管漏水,服务员赶忙送来两壶开水,游客着急地说:“我不是要水!”
  
−
说实话,就掉底儿了。他们基本都不是真正的高中生。其中的“猫腻”不言自 明ーー当初为了争着去尽义务,文凭上搞了“假冒伪劣”。
+
Guests who wanted to eat lychee were served chili peppers instead; a request to use the restroom resulted in a basin of water being brought. Once, a guest who had just finished taking a shower asked a staff member for a power strip. The staff member misunderstood and brought a doctor instead. An American elderly lady, feeling cold, requested an additional blanket. However, the manager misheard ‘blanket’ as 'brandy' and delivered a bottle of liquor to her room, causing the lady to cover her mouth in laughter. A Japanese guest reported a leak in his heating pipe, and a hotel staff quickly brought two pots of boiling water. The guest exclaimed in frustration, “I don't need water!” 
  
−
没有真正的高中数理化基础,课自然无法继续上下去。再高明的老师,也无法 在短时间内对ー个也许还不是一个成绩优良的初中生讲清由计算机控制的火控系 统以及雷达、通信、机械等方面的高技术。但既然来了,就参观一下吧！
+
在ー次宴会上,端上来ー盆“人参母鸡汤” 〇
  
−
如果不是那昂首天外可任意调节的火炮,新装备简直让人难以相信它是一件 武器,倒颇像是一部车载的电子仪器。小伙子们只觉四面均是面板,上面密密麻麻 布满了各种开关,还有数字显示的仪表及屏幕。这个叫什么?那个又是干什么的? 谁也说不上来。想动手摸摸,立即被工程师制止:“只准看,不准动！”
+
During a banquet, a pot of “Ginseng Chicken Soup” was served. 
  
−
作为一名军人,也许没有比这更令人垂头丧气的了。这叫什么?这就叫吃败 仗！不是败在战场上,而是败在新装备面前。
+
日本客人问:“这是什么?”
  
−
从炮二连挑来的技术尖子鲁志新恨无地洞可钻。回去咋交代呢?临行前,连 长、指导员拍着他的肩膀,嘱咐说:“你是咱连的代表,去了要虚心求教,刻苦训练, 回来就是咱连第一个掌握新装备的人,大家还指望你教哩!”现在甭说教不成,连摸 都没让摸一下。勇敢地承认吃了败仗回来,可“对手”究竟是个啥样,说不清呀! 哎！ “不怨天不怨地,只怨自己文化低!”炮四连的赵国亮和刘明生仿佛是在安慰 战友,又像是在安慰自己:“伙计们,认了吧！咱们这些初中生只有当炊事员和给别 人打下手了。谁叫咱念书少呢?”（后来新装备接回来就放在炮四连,赵国亮真的 被调到了炊事班,刘明生则在供弹班,做辅助工作。）
+
A Japanese guest asked, “What is this?” 
  
−
连长赵国根听大家七嘴八舌地议论,气不打ー处来,不禁大声吼道:“咱们军的 战士,啥时候这么没出息过?革命军人在困难面前要经得起挫折,经得起失败的考 验嘛!……”
+
翻译忘了“母鸡”这个词日语该怎么说。灵机ー动,指着盆里的母鸡,笑着对 客人介绍:“这是公鸡太太和人参做成的汤。”
  
−
但不知为什么,他说着说着,眼眶里转出了泪水。似乎流泪也有传染性,12个 人的眼睛都湿润了。赵国根含着泪水,起草了他当兵以来第一个承认无法完成任 务的电报和一封长长的汇报信。他在信中说了这样一段耐人琢磨的话:如果说以
+
The interpretor forgot how to say 'hen' in Japanese. Thinking on his feet, he pointed to the chicken in the pot and humorously introduced it to the guests as, “This is a soup made of Mr. Rooster's wife and ginseng.” 
−
往的换装是从简单机械到复杂机械,从低性能到高性能,是在量变中上升,是“改 朝”但并未“换代”的话,那么现在则是要一步跨入信息化的阶段,是名副其实的换 代,即进入高技术的时代。也许我们不得不承认,在高技术时代到来之时,我们的 思想准备、知识准备、人才准备却都是相当不足的。
 
  
−
是的!早在我军装甲兵组建之初,老司令员许光达大将就说过,没有技术就没 有装甲兵。失败要失败个明白。此次接装的失败,从实质上讲是在高技术面前准 备不足。高技术造成的冲击波,冲破了我们长期奉为经典的已经驾轻就熟的那ー 套,包括训练思路、人才选拔和组训方法、保障办法在内。
+
客人们听后全都捧腹大笑。
  
−
师、团首长看了上面沾着泪滴的信,心情比赵国根还要沉重。在高技术面前, 我们总是埋怨装备的落后,总是以为是装备落后于人,殊不知恰恰是人的素质的提 高速度落到了装备更新速度的后面!多少年来,这个担负迎接外宾表演任务的开 放师,哪ー次表演不是让外宾赞不绝ロ,赢得如雷掌声?可现在呢?是该收敛ー下 “傲气”的时候了！是该上上下下清醒头脑的时候了 ！
+
Everyone at the table burst into laughter upon hearing this. 
  
−
按照赵国根和厂方的意见,师长决定:挑选1〇名大专以上文化程度、有真オ实 学的军官重新去接装。在机关挑选干部的同时,先派一位善于做思想工作的干部 去传达师里的决定,接装失败的所有责任全部由师里承担,不责备任何官兵,让他 们放下包袱,愉快回营。
+
有些不懂外语的服务员,见了外宾能躲就躲,能避就避,溜之大吉。不敢主动 和外宾接触,怕外宾提问题自己听不懂,出洋相,外宾ー按电铃就发怵。有的宾馆 为应急,把仅有的几个会外语的服务员调来借去,非常被动。
  
−
然而,上级愈不追究,赵国根一行愈是感到有辱使命。12条铁骨铮铮的汉子, 笑着出去却哭着归来,悄悄地含泪回到各自的连队。
+
Some service staff, not understanding foreign languages, would avoid foreign guests whenever possible, dodging out of sight. They were reluctant to initiate contact with foreign guests for fear of not understanding their questions, and making a fool of themselves; they would be filled with dread at the sound of a doorbell. Some hotels, in a desperate response, shuffled around the few multilingual staff members they had, leaving them in a very passive situation. 
  
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这是ー种泪水汪汪却听不见声音的哭,在军营中却不啻一声惊蛰春雷。它宣 告了一个旧时代即将结束,而一个新时代就要到来。这个新时代,就是我军战斗部 队高技术的春天。
+
国旅杭州分社想出救急办法,编写了 56句短小的日常用语,用英文、中文和汉 语拼音分别印在56张状如扑克牌的卡纸上。当双方因语言障碍陷入窘境时,就可 找出卡片中表达其意的那ー张,解决问题。
  
−
区区两个连,忙煞ー个团
+
The Hangzhou branch of CITS came up with an emergency solution. They compiled 56 common phrases, each printed in English, Chinese, and Pinyin on playing card-sized paper. When a language barrier led to an awkward situation, they could find the card that expressed their meaning and solve the problem. 
  
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新装备接回了一批,又接回了第二批。某团那些日子天天像过年似的热闹,试 训的任务交给了炮四连和坦克九连。
+
更好的办法是突击学外语。许多宾馆掀起了学外语高潮,服务员虽然文化水 平都不高,但学习相当刻苦。利用一切空余时间,练ロ语,听外语广播。有个服务 员已是两个孩子的母亲,东方刚放亮就起身学习,晚上躺在床上也念念不忘背 单词。
  
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试训分队首先沐浴到高技术的阳光雨露,自然兴高采烈。但高兴劲还没过去, 便碰到ー个难以通过的“地狱之门”。团司令部、政治处命令,对有关连队的官兵 进行调整。全团士兵高中文化以上者参加数理化考试,择优录取方可进入,尤其是 驾驶专业和炮长专业,报考者还必须是特级驾驶员、特级炮手。
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But a better solution was to learn foreign languages intensively. Many hotels kicked off a fervor for learning languages. Although the educational background of the service staff was not good, they studied quite diligently. They took advantage of every spare moment to practice languages and listen to foreign language broadcasts. One of the service staff, a mother of two, would get up to study as soon as the day broke, and she would not forget to memorize words even when lying in bed at night. 
  
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严格的报考条件和严格的考试,挑选出达标的官兵。除去军官,士兵中主要是 两种人:ー是老兵中文化高的技术尖子,二是高考差几分没达线的新兵。新单位倒
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冬季是旅游淡季,全国旅游行业掀起了冬季练兵热潮,餐厅服务员练端盘子基本功,客房服务员练清理房间卫生的速度,晚上又上夜校学外语。
  
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是人才荟萃了,可回头ー看,老单位最有发展前途的技术骨干却来了个“大放血”。
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Winter is the off-season for tourism, and a fervor for training swept across the tourism industry nationwide. Restaurant servers practiced their skills in carrying trays, room attendants honed their speed in cleaning rooms, and in the evenings they attended night school to learn foreign languages. 
  
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被抽走了骨干的连长们鼓起了腮帮子,质问团领导:“你们这样喜新厌旧,影响 了战斗カ谁负责?”
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三、破冰之旅
  
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喜新厌旧?“掌握了新装备,ー个连可以对付旧装备ー个营。不喜新行吗?让 新装备形成了战斗カ,就可以母鸡下蛋,以新带旧,ー个连可以带出ー个营、ー个 团,其成功经验可供全军受益。”再说战斗カ,啥是最大的战斗カ?科学技术是第一 生产カ,是不是第一战斗カ?这确实是个值得思考的问题。
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Chapter 3 The Ice-Breaking Journey 
  
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其实,比抽走了骨干的连队更有失落感的,恰恰是使用新装备的连队。第一次 接装保羽而归的炮四连连长赵国根有幸留任,可他数了数调整后的人头,四连的老 兵剩下不到10人,而且留下了也难当大任。前面提到的那个老兵赵国亮,就只能 乖乖地去当炊事员。坦克九连仅驾驶、炮长、通信三大专业上,就集中了全团25名 数得着的“特级能手”。可仔细数数,老九连的不过占个零头。连长陈岩与赵国根 ー样,心里实在不是滋味,只因为换装,就使曾经朝夕相处的战友离他们而去。道 理固然ー讲就明白,感情的经纬却不是几条道理就能理清的。调进调出,来来往 往,背走ー个背包,就像挖掉了他们心头的ー块肉。这种告别也许过于残忍,没有 像老兵退伍那样敲锣打鼓,那样抱头痛哭,一切都是静悄悄的。无言地握手,无言 地送行,无言地回眸。谁心里都明白,新装备所代表的新时代无情地将不适应其要 求的人淘汰出局了!他们只能去继续摸他们已经熟悉的老装备,度过尚未期满的 服役期。打个不恰当的比方,牛犁地,马套车,各尽所能。
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ー个变革的时代,各种观念可以来自四面八方,但富有成效的行动,总是出自 那些颠沛跋涉的实践者。谁曾想到,旅游业在开放初会如此艰难地为突破旧观念、 旧体制,充当着开路先锋的角色……过去的年代,问题恐怕不在于观念陈旧,多少 人应有的独立思考功能受损,就无法创造性开展工作。旅游业的破冰之旅不唯发 展了旅游,在改变社会营造新风诸方面,可以用一句著名的诗来表述:“沉舟侧畔千 帆过,病树前头万木春。”
  
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高技术的冲击波是全方位的,但感受最强烈的还是被挑选入局的人。
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In an era of transformation, various ideas can come from all directions, but effective actions always come from those who have journeyed through hardships. Who would have thought that the tourism industry, at the beginning of its opening up, would play the role of a pioneer in breaking through old concepts and systems... In days past, the problem was not so much that ideas were archaic, but that the capacity for independent thinking in many people had been subtly eroded, leaving them unable to bring creativity to their work. The ice-breaking journey of the tourism industry not only developed tourism but also changed society and created a new atmosphere. This can be expressed with a famous line of poetry: While the sunk boat lies submerged, thousands of sails pass by; at the sick tree's front, ten thousand trees spring. 
  
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团里请来了近百名工程师,来给两个连的官兵上课。他们有的来自军队院校, 有的来自科研院所,有的来自生产厂家。每天上午学理论,下午上车实习。让我们 暂时撇开那绞尽脑汁的理论学习,先来看ー看炮四连战士于钢在实习中遇到的 故事。
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1.传奇局长卢绪章
  
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每ー个战士刚入伍时,总是要好奇地摸ー摸他心爱的武器,如农夫之于耕牛, 驭手之于辕马,此乃一种无言的对话,ー种微妙的感情交流。可新装备到来之初, 这ー起码的神圣权利竟被剥夺了。“只准看,不准摸!”军官们像守护自己的恋人 ー样,绝不准任何人染指。“哼!又不是大姑娘,不让咱小伙子动手。”于钢私下发 起了牢骚。
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1. Legendary Director Lu Xuzhang
  
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让他想不到的是,等到实习上车时,挡住他的真的是一位漂亮的大姑娘,女工 程师。当于钢猫下腰准备ー头钻进车内时,ー只纤柔的手伸出来,说道:“别慌,先 把手伸出来检查检查。”这算哪门子规矩?当兵两年,也算个老兵了,还从未听说训 练前要检查手的。现在没辙,只好乖乖地接受检查。于钢悄悄地瞧了瞧老师的脸, 嫩着哩!比自己大不了多少,不过二十五六岁。她笑得真美,像ー朵绽开的花。老 师的手真软乎,他感到有点发痒,手直往后缩。这是他成年后第一次接触女人的 手,想不到是在军事训练当中。不容他胡思乱想,女工程师严肃地命令道:“回去把 指甲剪了,把手洗干净再来。”于钢从未听到过这样的命令,一下没反应过来,直愣 愣地站着没动。女工程师再次抓起他的手,说道:“你自己看看,指甲缝里黑乎乎 的,有多脏,弄干净再来!”
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卢绪章这个名字你也许不熟悉,但提起电影《与魔鬼打交道的人》,许多人会 想起影片中的男一号张公甫。张公甫的形象,就是依据卢绪章的传奇经历塑造的。
  
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于钢按照吩咐剪了指甲洗了手,重来上车时又被挡住了。怎么啦?又犯了哪 条规矩?女工程师指指他的脚下,“看看你的鞋,有多脏,擦干净再上。”于钢真有 点蒙了。这与以往训练中不怕脏不怕累的要求咋就翻了个个儿呢?似乎是怕于钢 受的震动还不够,女工程师拍拍他的军衣,嗅了嗅,说道:“你的衣服几天没洗了? 脏兮兮的。照说也不合格,今天放你ー马,下次不行!”
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The name Lu Xuzhang might not ring a bell for you, but mention the film “The Man Who Dealt with the Devil”, and many will recall the leading male character, Zhang Gongfu. Zhang Gongfu's character was sculpted based on Lu Xuzhang's legendary journey. 
  
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天哪！仅是上一次车就这么啰唆。于钢真要气得顶起来,但有啥法子呢?只 有规规矩矩地听人家摆弄。在她面前,连长、营长不也是老实得像个孙子吗?
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卢绪章曾经长期从事共产党的地下秘密联络工作,公开身份是大老板。他与 国民党上层人物陈果夫、陈立夫等打得火热,并取得了国民党少将参议的头衔,通 过孙科等头面人物与苏联做生意,为共产党挣取了数十万港币的活动经费,国民党 高官蒙在鼓里,中共也只有周恩来等极少数人知道他是“红色资本家” 〇中华人民 共和国成立后,卢绪章出任中国第一任进出口公司经理,后担任外经贸部常务副部 长,人们敬佩卢绪章,常在他面前拿电影《与魔鬼打交道的人》说事。他自己并不 喜欢这个称呼,一切都已过去,他再也不是“与魔鬼打交道的人” 〇
  
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半天实习,女工程师只教了他两个开关的作用和使用方法。和一个漂亮的异 性一起关在装甲车甲板之内,又有空调,本该十分富有诗意,可于钢老是有一种心 理上承受不了的感觉。因为从那樱桃小口里,偶尔会冒出几句让人听了难受的话: “看你小伙挺精神,怎么就笨手笨脚呢?”“让你向右,你怎么又向左了?没上过大 学,左右总该分得清吧?”
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For a long time, Lu Xuzhang was engaged in the secret underground liaison work of the Communist Party, publicly appearing as a prominent businessman. He was on excellent terms with senior figures of the Kuomintang like Chen Guofu and Chen Lifu, earning himself the title of Major General of the Kuomintang. He conducted business with the Soviet Union through leading figures like Sun Ke, raising hundreds of thousands of Hong Kong dollars in operational funds for the Communist Party. While high-ranking officials of the Kuomintang were kept in the dark, only a very few, like Zhou Enlai, knew that he was a "Red Capitalist". After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Lu Xuzhang became the first manager of the China Import and Export Company and later served as the Executive Deputy Minister of Foreign Economic Trade. People admired Lu Xuzhang, often referring to the film “The Man Who Dealt with the Devil” in his presence. He didn't like this moniker, everything was already in the past, and he was no longer "the man who dealt with the devil.” 
  
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实习半天下来,他没出多少カ,却流了不少汗。呸！都是被女老师气的。他有 点恨女工程师了。自以为多读了几年书,就瞧不起咱当兵的,又嫌咱脏又嫌咱笨。 要不是为了掌握新装备,你算老几?！但事情就那么怪,你越讨厌她,她偏找上门 来了。
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1978年10月17日,卢绪章走马上任。这时旅游面临的困难重重,他可说是 “受命于艰难之际” 〇贯彻对外开放、对内搞活的政策,搞好旅游业,是他的重任。 我国有发展旅游业的丰富资源,首先要搞好铁路、机场、码头、电讯等基础设施,还 要动员各方面力量来办旅游,大胆利用外资、侨资来办旅游。
  
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On October 17, 1978, Lu Xuzhang assumed his new position. At this time, the tourism industry was facing numerous difficulties, and he could be said to have been "appointed at a time of hardship." His major responsibility was to implement the policy of opening up to the outside world and invigorating the domestic economy, and to do a good job in the tourism industry. China has abundant resources to develop the tourism industry. The first step is to improve basic facilities such as railways, airports, docks, and telecommunications, and also to mobilize all forces to run tourism, boldly utilizing foreign and overseas Chinese investments to manage tourism. 
  
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为加快引进外资步伐,小平授意国务院成立“利用侨资、外资建设旅游饭店领 导小组” 〇由国务院副总理谷牧任组长,陈慕华、廖承志等人具体分管,办公室设在 国家旅游总局内。
  
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To accelerate the pace of introducing foreign investment, Deng Xiaoping instructed the State Council to establish a "Leadership Group for Building Tourist Hotels Using Overseas Chinese and Foreign Investment." The group was headed by Deputy Prime Minister Gu Mu, with Chen Muhua and Liao Chengzhi in charge of specific tasks. The office was located within the CNTA. 
  
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“小于!”她边喊边进了士兵宿舍。见于钢鼓着嘴,她心里便明白了几分。“你 以为我对你太不客气了,是吗?”她笑问道。不等于钢回答,她接着说:“你千万别 误会,不是我不客气,是新装备不客气。你操纵的系统是电子计算机,不允许有灰 尘来沾染她,否则她就会生病,就会出故障。车里为啥装空调?就是怕热坏了计算 机。”闹了半天,咱用空调是沾计算机的光。她像个姐姐似的拍拍于钢的头说:“别 生气了,把脏衣服都换下来,我来帮你洗。我到外面等你。”说罢她便出去了。
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“小组”于1978年11月成立。名为“小组”,实为国家部级的机构。小组成员 有国家计委、国家建委、外交部、轻工部、商业部、外贸部、铁道部、交通部、民航总 局、财政部、中国人民银行等有关部门的负责人。可外商不理解,经常问:“你这个 小组是什么级的?”为此还得费一番口舌。
  
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于钢本来ー肚子气,听了这一番话,不仅气全消了,而且觉得不好意思起来。
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The “group” was established in November 1978. Despite being called a “group”, it was actually a state department-level institution. The members of the group included the heads of relevant departments such as the National Development and Reform Commission, the National Construction Commission, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Light Industry, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Foreign Trade, the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Transportation, the Civil Aviation Administration, the Ministry of Finance, and the People's Bank of China. However, foreign businessmen did not understand this and often asked: “What level is your group?” This question often required some explanation. 
  
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老师帮我洗衣服?不好意思啰！但他还是把脏衣服全换了下来,塞进脸盆里端了 出来。
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小组下设办公室,简称“侨外资办”,卢绪章兼任办公室主任。卢绪章熟谙市 场经济经营之道,举止沉稳,丝毫没有“大干部”的派头。上任伊始,卢绪章动用自 己的“老关系”,以国家旅游总局的名义,邀请ー批实业家、旅游专家组成海外旅游 考察团到中国考察,目的就是请他们了解中国改革开放的好机遇,吸引他们前来中 国投资,对中国旅游设施的改进提建议。考察团成员有美国波士顿财务公司、凯悦 国际酒店集团等机构的负责人,夏威夷大学的校长和旅游学院的院长,还有世界著 名的美籍华裔建筑师贝聿铭,香港企业家杨元龙、车家骐、朱民康、杨敏德及旅馆、 酒店专业人士。
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女工程师和于钢ー起搓洗衣服,搓出ー汪汪的黑水。“你要知道,新装备不喜 欢脏主人。”她的幽默羞得于钢满脸绯红。她继续说:“我考考你,澳星第一次发射 失败的原因是什么?”于钢摇了摇头,答道:“咱文化低,说不上复杂的高技术问 题。”女工程师停下手中的活,说道:“一点也不复杂,就因为混进了一粒金属屑。 没想到吧?”于钢不觉呵了一声……
 
  
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自打新装备接到部队以来,于钢变了,全连的官兵都变了,变得干干净净了,变 得轻手轻脚了。外连的兵不觉诧异:“这是练兵呢,还是当新郎官呢?这样的兵还 能打仗吗?”
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The “group” had an office, commonly referred to as the “Office of Overseas Chinese and Foreign Investment”, and Lu Xuzhang concurrently served as the director of the office. Lu Xuzhang, who was well-versed in the operation of the market economy, was calm and composed without any airs of a “senior official”. At the beginning of his tenure, Lu Xuzhang used his “old connections” and, in the name of the CNTA, invited a group of industrialists and tourism experts to form an overseas tourism inspection team to visit China. The purpose was to have them understand the great opportunities of China's reform and opening up, to attract them to invest in China, and to provide suggestions for the improvement of China's tourism facilities. The members of the inspection team included the heads of institutions such as Boston Financial Company and Hyatt Hotels Corporation, the president of the University of Hawaii and the dean of the School of Tourism, as well as the world-renowned Chinese-American architect I.M. Pei, Hong Kong entrepreneurs Yang Yuanlong, Che Jiaqi, Zhu Minkang, Yang Minde and other professionals from the hotel industry. 
  
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“告诉你吧「’于钢不无神秘地说,“咱要一按电钮,ー炮ー个准儿。眨眼工夫, 一秒钟,炮弹ー窝蜂就出去了。到时候你等着瞧吧!”
 
  
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一下当上连长的两个士兵
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广州、上海、南京、扬州、无锡、苏州,夏威夷旅游学院院长朱卓任每到ー地,都 向旅游同行们介绍世界旅游业的发展情况。朱民康先生从凯悦国际酒店集团选来 了 !8套有关旅游接待、酒店管理和旅游从业人员训练等方面的影片,沿途放映,使 各地的旅游业人员大开眼界。
  
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在装备不变的情况下,老兵就是老兵,新兵就是新兵,不一样就是不ー样。但 在新装备前,大家都成了新兵。新装备铁面无私,不认人的资历,只认知识和技能。
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In Guangzhou, Shanghai, Nanjing, Yangzhou, Wuxi, and Suzhou, the Dean of the University of Hawaii School of Tourism, Zhu Zhuoren, would introduce the development of the world tourism industry to his colleagues at every location. Mr. Zhu Minkang selected 18 sets of films related to tourism reception, hotel management, and tourism staff training from Hyatt International Hotel Group. These were screened along the way, greatly enlightening the local tourism industry personnel. 
  
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新兵刘洪文本是一名步兵,通过考试被挑到了炮四连。他对记者说:“开始听 工程师上课,我像听天书ー样,什么十进位换二进位、内存、外存……反正是不懂。 管它懂不懂,我先硬着头皮记录下来,再用ー个录音机,将教员讲的录下来,课后就 翻笔记,听录音,反复几次。我靠着当兵前高中的基础,加上刻苦学,慢慢地弄懂了 火控系统的工作原理。后来,我又觉得这样闷头学不行,要多问多请教,所以课堂 上有啥不懂的,我就举手提问。提问也是要有基础的,啥都不懂,就问不到点子上, 问得太离谱了,教员也无法回答。好在教员都十分热心,有问必答,一遍不行,就两 遍三遍,直到大家弄懂为止。ー个多月的时间,我是天天加班加点,不是出力气,而 是动脑子,看书做习题。功夫不负有心人,理论考试我得了优秀。这个优秀来之不 易,我的腰缩了一个裤带眼。
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经卢绪章牵线和实地考察,国旅总社和香港侨美旅游事业有限公司于1978年 11月!3日签订了投资协议书。主要内容是在北京、上海、广州、杭州、南京、苏州、 无锡、扬州等地分两期合作建造五万间房间的旅馆,全部利用外资,待旅馆建成后 以部分房租逐年偿还。
  
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“实习每天下午整整4个小时,教员手把手地教,从ー个开关ー个开关如何使 用教起。摸了半个多月,オ初步弄清每个开关、按钮如何操作,哪个先哪个后,哪个 什么时候什么情况下使用,同时也学到了一些查找排除一般故障的方法。
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Through Lu Xuzhang's facilitation and on-site inspection, the CITS and Overseas American Tourism Corporation Ltd. in Hong Kong signed an investment agreement on November 13, 1978. The main content of the agreement was to jointly build hotels with 50,000 rooms in two phases in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi, and Yangzhou. The project would be entirely funded with foreign capital, and the room rent would be used to repay the investment annually after the hotels were built. 
  
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“我们急着要实弹射击,但教员不肯,领导也不肯。教员说:’你们都是种子, 将来还要教新兵,头一波煮成了夹生饭,以后就不好办了。’领导也说:’咱不能年 年都请那么多工程师来当教员,人家还有人家的事,再说咱也请不起。’头一年,我 们光训练,ー发实弹也没捞上打。
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“老去又逢新岁月,春来更有好花枝”,这是多好的开端,卢绪章兴奋得睡不好 觉,恨不得马上付诸行动。
  
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“第二年开训,团里又把工程师们请了来。部队拉到野外,排除一切干扰,天天 钻在车里练。我们连的二排长（现炮兵参谋）吕明稳专门跟着工程师,每个人、每 台车、每ー个细小情况,他都记录下来,ー个人ー个人,一台车ー台车,一个细节ー 个细节地过。直到教员基本满意之后,オ决定打实弹。
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“Facing new times as one ages, and encountering beautiful flowers when spring comes,” was a great start. Lu Xuzhang was so excited that he couldn't sleep well, wishing to put this into action immediately. 
  
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“可能是因为我的理论考核和实际操作都不错,连里决定我放头ー炮。老实 说,我心里一点底也没有。连夜又翻了一遍使用说明书,老厚老厚的,把有关内容 重新看了一遍,把操作步骤、要领在心里不知默念了多少遍。第二天实操,我心里 像揣了只兔子,蹦跳不停。连长说,你怕个啥?没听工程师说吗?要相信新装备, 相信科学,按程序来就错不了。他越这样说,我越心慌。稀里糊涂ー炮出去,偏了。 这ー偏,咱心里反而有了点底:慌慌张张オ偏这么一丁点儿,稳住劲就偏不了。果 然第二发出去,炮弹把靶子摧了。接着第三发直射靶心。打完单发打连发,完全由 计算机控制,几秒钟,呼呼啦啦像流星雨,准得连我自己也不相信,那么多炮弹,基 本上都上了靶。
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可是这时党的十一届三中全会还没召开,投资软环境还没形成。姓“社”姓 “资”还是个敏感的话题。什么能干,什么不能干,大家心中都没底。这ー协议在 北京实施时就遇到阻碍,包括征集土地、税收标准、拆迁政策等等,当时都是一片空 白。国家旅游总局碰到了难题,ー时无法进ー步商谈。
  
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“’神了!神了 !’我钻出车外,全连都欢呼起来。我说,我神个鬼,是新装备 神。不相信科学不行,不服高技术更不行。我给大家讲了实弹射击体会,最重要的 一条是相信教员讲的,按程序来,即使第一发不上,第二发肯定上。其他车按我讲 的,接着打,果然台台都是神炮。
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However, at that time, the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party had not yet been convened, and the soft environment for investment had not been formed. Whether to follow a socialist or capitalist model was still a sensitive topic. What could be done and what couldn't be done, no one was really sure. The agreement encountered obstacles when implemented in Beijing, including land acquisition, tax standards, relocation policies, etc., all of which were then a blank slate. The CNTA encountered difficulties and was unable to proceed with further discussions for a time.
  
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“据连长说,这样好的成绩,用旧装备是做梦也不敢想的。第一次打实弹,就打 出了新装备的威风,也打出了咱炮四连的威风。想当初,咱连长去接装哭着回来, 现在咱们初步掌握了它,能不叫人高兴吗?指导我们训练的工程师们也高兴得跳 了起来。如今的炮四连已不是当初的炮四连了!我们可以自己教新兵,培养掌握 新装备的新一代士兵了。”
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外宾来了,不是来上“五七干校”的。得让人家住好、吃好、玩好,他们オ愿意 来。这就需要搞活旅游业,需要把旅游业作为ー种重要的产业来抓。
  
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刘洪文脸上充满了自豪,但仔细观察他,仍然是ー脸稚气。二十郎当岁就扛上 了中尉军衔,当上了连长。从新兵到连长,这ー步也跨得太大了吧?刘洪文笑着 说:“我这个连长完全是新装备送给我的。要没新装备,我多半当不上干部。我カ 气没有别人大,在老装备上多半干不过别人。如果干不出成绩,连考院校的资格都 没有,还谈什么提干?是新装备帮了我的忙,她不在乎你有多大力气,而非常挑剔 你的知识,偏爱那些有文化肯钻研她的人。也许因为我是第一个打靶的人,并且后 面多次为内外宾表演都打得不错,所以老连长赵国根被提为炮兵股长后,我这个炮 长便直接破格当了连长。”
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Foreign guests weren't coming to enroll in "May 7th Cadre Schools." We had to ensure they had good accommodations, food, and entertainment so they would want to come. This required revitalizing the tourism industry and treating it as an important industry to focus on. 
  
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无独有偶,同样使用新装备的坦克九连,也有一位士兵直接当上了连长。他的 名字叫花炳新。提起花炳新,在师里甚至军区几乎无人不晓。因为他打的第一炮,
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为了争取时间,卢绪章当机立断,干不了大的干小的,建不了新的改旧的。马 上促成侨美公司和北京市第一服务局合作,签订了北京香山、西苑两饭店的建设和 民族饭店的加建、改造工程的合同。民族饭店率先请香港的名设计师改造装修了 两间富有民族风味的样板房,供参观仿效,同时开始兴建燕京饭店。
  
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曾经牵动了上自大军区司令员,下至每个士兵的心。
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In order to save time, Lu Xuzhang made a decisive move: if he couldn't work on large projects, he would focus on smaller ones; if he couldn't build new ones, he would renovate old ones. He immediately facilitated a cooperation between the Overseas Chinese American Company and Beijing's First Service Bureau, signing contracts for the construction of the Xiangshan and Xiyuan hotels in Beijing and the expansion and renovation project of the Minzu Hotel. The Minzu Hotel was the first to invite a famous designer from Hong Kong to remodel and decorate two sample rooms with ethnic flavor for observation and emulation, and at the same time began to build the Yanjing Hotel. 
  
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军区组织了一次高技术条件下的现代化演习。新坦克究竟要不要亮相,谁也 没把握。九连オ用它训练了短短ー个月,万一出洋相,脸就丢大了,因军委江泽民 主席以及党和国家领导人都要坐在观礼台上看。上还是不上?实验ー下再说。花 炳新被确定为试打第一炮的人。
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广东珠海最先展示出“大手笔”。自1979年以来,珠海先后引进ー亿五千多万 港元的资金,以合作或合资、独资的形式兴建宾馆、酒店、游乐场、度假村等。1980 年1〇月最早建成的珠海石景山旅游中心,是国内第一家外资独资的饭店。
  
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瘦削白净的花炳新说话不紧不慢:“当时选中我,因为我是炮长班的班长。著 名教授、号称’全军第一炮’的王志公大校和其他工程师亲自教我们,开始听不懂, 我就晚上到招待所去请教,我先弄懂了,再回来现炒现卖,教大伙,这样我比别人就 学得深ー些。
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Zhuhai, Guangdong, was the first to display a big move. Since 1979, Zhuhai has introduced over 150 million Hong Kong dollars in funds, and built hotels, amusement parks, and resorts in the form of cooperation, joint ventures, or sole proprietorships. In October 1980, the earliest completed Zhuhai Shijing Mountain Tourist Center became the first wholly foreign-owned hotel in China. 
  
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“要我先打我也没谱,但不害怕。我相信我不是吃干饭的。打之前,营长林国 民、连长陈岩和我,3个人把装备彻底检查调试了一遍。师长和军区一位副参谋长 把我叫去说:‘不要有什么压カ,打不上谁也不会责怪你。’我这人实在,本来就没 考虑那么多,他们这么ー说,我更没包袱了。我们4名乘员协同好,准备开打。我 对驾驶员说,油门踩到底尽管跑,开到最高挡。心里想,要么就不打,要打就要打出 ー个大大超过旧装备的效果出来。至于把握,我相信只要操作好绝对错不了。在 高速运动中,我ー炮便摧毁了目标,接着第二炮、第三炮……没有一发脱靶的。
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1978年底,船王包玉刚先生提出要来观光。
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当年参与接待的袁宗堂先生,如今已是76岁的古稀老人,先后担任过国家旅 游局企业管理司、资源司司长兼北京兆龙饭店第一任总经理。如今他已是中外酒 店业内的知名人士,如同“酒店活神仙”〇 2007年获得了 “中国酒店业终身成就 奖”,中国获此殊荣的只有两人,另一位是侯锡九先生。
  
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“我的几炮打得战友们欢呼雀跃。因为这个效果是旧装备无法达到的,高了不 止ー个档次。当时军区副参谋长现场拍板:大演习要上新装备。军区司令员讲,这 个演习要展示部队现代化建设的新成就,在协同、综合战斗カ上争取超过X军的X XX演习。你们要好好练,到时候打给江主席看。
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At the end of 1978, shipping tycoon Pao Yue-kong proposed to come for sightseeing. Yuan Zongtang, who participated in the reception that year, is now a 76-year-old elderly man who has served as the Director of the Enterprise Management Division and the Resource Division of the CNTA and the first general manager of the Beijing Zhaolong Hotel. He is now a well-known figure in the hotel industry at home and abroad, like a “hotel living god”. In 2007, he was awarded the "Lifetime Achievement Award of China's Hotel Industry". Only two people in China have received this honor, the other being Mr. Hou Xijiu. 
  
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“我们炮长班的16名射手,淘汰了 4个当二炮手。剩下12人,从预习到正式 表演,都是百发百中,没有一发炮弹脱靶。这充分说明了新装备掌握不容易,但ー 旦掌握就所向披靡。过去师、团首长说,掌握了新装备,ー个连可以对付旧装备ー 个营,大家还有点将信将疑,实弹ー打,现场ー表演,没有人再怀疑了。激光、计算 机这类新技术,你不服不行。”
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袁宗堂回忆当年,说包玉刚要来的三天前,卢绪章就叫他去北京饭店要住房, 要不到,袁宗堂就坐在那儿等,还是没有。到晚上只好打电话向国务院反映,经过 国务院同意,好不容易调整出ー间单人房。结果与包玉刚同来的妹夫李伯忠只能 在他的房内打了个地铺。
  
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你是怎样当上连长的呢? “这……”花炳新似乎有点不便开ロ,他望了望老连 长陈岩,不敢回答。陈岩反倒十分爽快,说:“你讲嘛!反正我处分都受过了,还怕 人说?”花炳新这オ慢慢地讲:“演习顺利结束之后,在返回营区的路上出了重大事 故,开了个连队立功,连长却受了撤职处分的先例。其实,连长也够辛苦的,连队能 掌握新装备,他是立了头功的。论技术、论组织指挥,都没说的,偏偏碰上这档子 事……”
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Yuan Zongtang recalled that three days before Pao Yue-kong's arrival, Lu Xuzhang asked him to go to the Beijing Hotel for a room, but he couldn't get it. Yuan Zongtang had to sit there and wait, but still couldn't get a room. By evening, he had no choice but to report to the State Council. After the State Council's approval, a single room was finally arranged. As a result, Li Bozhong, Pao Yue-kong's brother-in-law who came with him, could only make a makeshift bed in his room. 
  
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“别讲这些了。”陈岩说,“过去的事就让它过去吧!我被撤职之后没有现存的 能全面掌握新装备的干部。连队不可一日无长,上级听取我们的建议,提花炳新当
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包玉刚是世界船王包兆龙的接班掌门人,与卢绪章是姑舅亲,又都是宁波老 乡,两人私交甚深。这对30多年未见面的亲戚加老乡见面时,没有“泪汪汪”。包 玉刚直言不讳:“你这个旅游局长是怎么当的?连我来,房间还要加塞,如果传出 去,岂不是天大笑话?”
  
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了连长。提他,大家服,因为他不仅新装备掌握得最好,而且有组织指挥和管教 能力。"
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Pao Yue-kong is the successor to the world shipping king Pao Shao-long and is a close relative and fellow Ningbo native of Lu Xuzhang, so they had a deep private relationship. There were no tears when these relatives and old friends, who hadn't seen each other for more than 30 years, met. Pao Yue-kong was blunt, "How are you being the director of this tourism bureau? Even when I come, the room has to be crowded. If this gets out, isn't it a big joke?" 
  
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据团里首长讲,花炳新能当上连长,其实与陈岩被撤职没有多少关系。如果不 出事故,陈岩被提拔是早晚的事。师团党委的指导思想很明确,就是要把懂新装备 的人提拔起来,促进部队的现代化建设。让花炳新当连长团里早有考虑,绝非偶 然,不存在“捡了个便宜”的问题。
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卢绪章为人忠厚朴实,不善辞令。他充满歉意。
  
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刘洪文和花炳新,同为士兵直接当了连长的幸运儿。幸运在哪?值得每一位 官兵深思。新装备的到来,给每ー个人以平等竞争的机会。如果说有些岗位的干 部还可以走后门滥竽充数的话,那么新装备却不允许你打马虎眼,谁能掌握它,与 之融为一体,谁就是获胜者。要讲新装备的冲击波,这是最大的冲击波,它像一座 警钟在时刻提醒每一位官兵:优胜劣汰,规律无情,当心!
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Lu Xuzhang is a man of integrity and simplicity, not good at eloquence. He was full of apology. 
  
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破格提拔两个士兵,在全团掀起一股学习高技术、钻研新装备的热潮,因为谁 也不愿被新装备所抛弃。
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几天后,包玉刚了解到当时国内旅游宾馆出奇地困难,国家旅游总局办公场所 也特别小,几十个人挤在ー起,两个人才ー张办公桌。两个副局长共一个办公室, 来个人谈事,另ー个还得主动回避一下。包玉刚表示,我出1000万美金,800万盖 个饭店,200万给你们盖楼。此行他还捐资给上海交通大学建图书馆。
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应该说这是“天上掉馅饼”的好事,但还是有人反对。
  
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喂!陆军老大哥……
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A few days later, Pao Yue-kong learned about the surprisingly difficult situation with the domestic tourist hotels at the time. The office space of the CNTA was also exceptionally small. Dozens of people were squeezed together, with two people sharing one desk. The two deputy directors shared one office. When someone came to talk about things, the other had to actively avoid it. Pao Yue-kong said, “I will give 10 million US dollars, 8 million to build a hotel, and 2 million for you to build a building.” During this trip, he also donated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University to build a library. One might consider this as a windfall, yet some still voiced opposition. 
  
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1994年10月6日,《解放军报》在第一版刊出消息:《我陆军质量结构实现重 大飞跃》,副标题为“以炮兵、装甲兵、工程兵、防化兵为主体的兵种部队在陆军编 制中占三分之二以上”。
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因为包玉刚提出,饭店的名字要用“兆龙饭店”。兆龙是包玉刚父亲的名字。 反对者说:“这不是为资本家树碑立传吗?”
  
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这条消息,对于关心中国人民军队现代化的读者来说,无疑是ー个特大喜讯。 “小米加步枪”的中国陆军正在发生质的飞跃,曾经让我们引以为豪的“小米”早已 成为过去,“步枪”也所剩不多,已经占不到陆军总员额的三分之一了 !
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This was because Pao Yue-kong proposed to name the hotel “Zhao Long Hotel”. Zhao Long is the name of Pao Yue-kong’s father. The opponents said, “Isn't this erecting a monument and writing a biography for the capitalist?”
  
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在世界军队发展史上,陆军的历史最悠久;在中国人民解放军中,共和国成立 前几乎只有陆军。历史悠久加上实カ最强,所以人们习惯称呼为“陆军老大哥”。
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包兆龙为包拯第28代嫡孙,也是个爱国华侨,曾屡捐巨资赞助祖国建设。对 那些反对者,我们今天能说什么呢?只能说,为什么总有些人的思想如此僵化、不 开窍?
  
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在陆军中,又以步兵的历史最悠久,资格老加上靠它最后解决战斗,所以人们 又习惯地称呼为“步兵老大哥”。
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Pao Zhao Long, the 28th direct descendant of Bao Zheng, was also a patriotic overseas Chinese who had repeatedly donated huge sums of money to support the construction of the motherland. To those who opposed, what can we say today? Only that, why are some people's thinking so rigid and inflexible? 
  
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然而在现代化建设的今天,原来意义上的“步兵老大哥”的地位似乎正在发生 着微妙的变化。诸如“以步兵的胜利为胜利”“最后解决战斗还得靠步兵”之类曾 经是天经地义的原则,虽然不能轻言过时,但起决定作用的已非仅靠步兵了,至少 不是传统意义上的步兵。几乎可以肯定地说,从第四次中东战争到海湾战争,决定 战争胜负的关键是装备了计算机的合成军,其中尤以特种兵的作用更为明显。这 些,只要不带偏见和稍微留意一下世界军事动态,便可一目了然。撇开资历和数 量,纯粹从技术上讲,陆军已难称“老大哥”,步兵更成了“小弟弟”。
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卢绪章很高兴,他说包玉刚的爱国不是挂在口头上,而是实实在在表现在行动 上。他是继承中国传统美德的国际企业家。卢绪章直接想办法把消息报告给邓小 平。邓小平明确表示支持,并说,人家要表示孝心,用父亲的名字,有什么不好?后 来小平不仅会见了包玉刚,还亲自为“兆龙饭店”题写店名,亲自参加了 “兆龙饭 店”开业庆典,此为后话。
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“现在不是承不承认是'老弟’的问题,而是如何改变’老大哥’地位的问题。” 现任副团长的林国民一脸严肃地说,“我们不少同志老是埋怨装备落后,新装备来 了之后又埋怨新装备不行,就是不承认人的素质不行。新坦克从火车站下车,是我 带人开回营房的（当时任三营营长）。以后我一直带着九连训练。驾驶、火炮、通 信三大专业,又认真地摸了 3年。我认为新装备是相当不错的,其主要战、技术性 能无不超过旧装备许多,基本适合中国国情,也比较容易掌握。掌握的关键是人, 而不是车。人的基本素质,好比理工科'大本’100个小时可以掌握,高中生起码要 1000小时,初中、小学10000小时也不一定掌握得了。按照现在的征兵条件,大多 数士兵服役3年掌握新装备是不太可能的。比如火控系统,在输入目标参数之前, 必须先输入的地球物理参数就有几十个,温度、湿度、地球自转等等,这些你对初中 生、小学生讲得清楚吗?新装备的ー些故障,仔细分析解剖一下,大多也是人为造 成的。比如车应加什么油、什么温度,都有严格的规定,你不按规定来,能不出事 吗?再比如,ー个开关要你右开,你非左开不可,弄坏了还埋怨不好。这些都是简 单得不能再简单的问题,但还是有人搞错。原因就两个字,不懂。”
 
  
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说到这里,笔者想到60年代末刚入伍时,本连发生的ー个悲剧。连队菜地里 有个供潜水泵用电的变压器,未曾高架,放置于离地1米高左右。为了安全,每晚 均派哨兵站岗。连队几乎天天都要强调,千万别碰变压器,碰上高压电要死人的。 这个道理只要上过初中的人ー听就懂,照说不会出什么问题了,可偏偏有个文盲老 兵不信高压电这个“神”,轮到他站岗时,用枪刺悄悄碰了一下三根线中的ー根。 算他运气,碰的是零线,侥幸未触电。谁知他老兄第二天就在班里散布:“连队干部 骗人,胡说高压电碰了要死人,我碰了就没事。”接着绘声绘色地讲述他碰变压器的 经过。连里知道后,专门请电エ来讲课,从电压、电流、电阻、绝缘体、导体一直讲到 人体导电,无奈他老兄文盲ー个,如听天书。他口里答应再不碰变压器,心里仍不 信那个邪。等到他再次单独执勤时,又一次用枪刺碰了变压器。这一次他碰的是 火线,一道电光闪过,他浑身被烧焦,连脚下的胶鞋都分别被打出两个洞……这个 悲剧永远不会从笔者脑子里抹去。
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Lu Xuzhang was very pleased. He said that Pao Yue-kong's patriotism was not just lip service, but was truly manifested in action. He is an international businessman who inherits Chinese traditional virtues. Lu Xuzhang directly found a way to report the news to Deng Xiaoping. Deng Xiaoping clearly expressed his support, saying, what's wrong with someone wanting to express filial piety by using their father's name. Later, Deng Xiaoping not only met with Pao Yue-kong, but also personally inscribed the name of the “Zhaolong Hotel”, and personally attended the opening ceremony of the "Zhaolong Hotel", but that's another story. 
  
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诚如毛泽东主席所说,没有文化的军队是愚蠢的军队。今天,军营里也许再不 会出现这种由于愚昧而酿成的悲剧了。但是,人的素质与新装备、新科技的反差显 然不是缩小了,而是拉大了。过去,ー个文盲通过3个月的训练可以掌握步枪;现 在,ー个初中生通过3年训练无论如何无法掌握新装备。林国民副团长说:“我们 在新装备上第一批训练出的16名射手（中间淘汰4人）,都是高中生,原先都是特 级射手。如果全部换装,我去哪儿挑那么多合格的人?！”
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2.第一批旅游饭店
  
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是的!未雨绸缪,人才先行,现代化建设的当务之急呀!然而,许多部队的人 オ标准,仍然停留在“打靶看环数、投弹看米数”上,仍然信守着“陆军特别是步兵 不需要多少文化”的传统观念。两伊战争,其装备不谓不先进,可世界舆论几乎众 ロー词地认为他们“用先进的武器打了一场落后的战争”。何耶?人才队伍建设 滞后,观念滞后也。当我们为他们扼腕叹息时,当我们在埋怨装备落后时,也许未 曾想到人才滞后的问题正在咚咚咚地敲我们的门,ー个声音在高声地喊着:“喂! 陆军老大哥!”
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2. The First Batch of Tourist Hotels
  
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海军篇
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李玉莺曾陪同宋庆龄访问苏联,见过斯大林。她还担任过郭沫若的外事秘书, 曾是国家旅游局的ー支“笔杆子”,人称才女,改革开放初期许多文件出自其手。 她参与了建国饭店、长城饭店、金陵饭店、白天鹅饭店等涉外饭店的谈判,对中国引 进外资建设的进程,可说是了如指掌。
  
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“没它盼它,有它怕它”
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Li Yuying, who once accompanied Song Qingling on a visit to the Soviet Union and met Stalin, also served as Guo Moruo's foreign affairs secretary. She was once one of the “penholders” of the CNTA, known as a talented woman, and many documents in the early stage of reform and opening up were written by her. She participated in the negotiation of foreign-related hotels such as the Jianguo Hotel, the Great Wall Hotel, the Jinling Hotel, and the White Swan Hotel, and can be said to have a thorough understanding of the process of China's introduction of foreign investment for construction. 
  
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要论对新中国海军的关心者,也许莫过于毛泽东。1953年2月,毛泽东第一次 视察海军舰艇部队,分别为“长江舰” “洛阳舰” “南昌舰”“黄河舰” “广州舰”题词。 意味深长的是,喜欢立异标新的毛泽东接连5次写下了内容完全相同的一句话: “为了反对帝国主义的侵略,我们一定要建立强大的海军。”
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2008年她78岁了,两鬓如霜,依然オ思敏捷。李玉莺大姐向我们敞开记忆之 门,讲起了 30年前引进外资建饭店的艰辛故事。
  
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毛泽东将自己的迫切心情跃然纸上是不难理解的。从面积上说,我国是ー个 陆地大国,有960万平方公里的国土;也是ー个海洋大国,有!8000余公里的海岸 线。但是自!840年鸦片战争以来,有海无防、有边无防的状况留下一部血染泪渍 的历史。纵观近代列强侵华之路线,十之八九是从海上轰开国门的。新中国的建 立,给延续百年的屈辱史打了一个结。伟大的爱国者毛泽东怎能不将建立强大海 军的夙愿萦怀?但是,能解伯牙琴声者,钟子期也。要完全理解毛泽东此时的心 情,只有对海军实カ知根知底的人才可充当“钟子期”。
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In 2008, she is 78 years old, with frosty temples, but her mind was still sharp. Li Yuying opened the door to her memories and talked about the difficult story of introducing foreign investment to build hotels 30 years ago. 
  
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据人民海军的创始人、第一任司令员张爱萍上将回忆,从1949年4月23日人 民海军在江苏泰州白马庙宣告成立,到渡江战役后,我军只有从国民党第二舰队等 起义及投诚者手中接收的25艘船、45只艇,加上从上海等地接收的,总数不及百 艘。仅此一点家当,1950年还被国民党空军炸沉炸伤30多艘,其中军舰8艘。毛 泽东此次视察乘坐的“南昌”号,原是国民党海军的“长治”号。为避免轰炸,1949 年9月曾自沉于南京燕子矶,后打捞出水命名为“南昌”号。原国民党最大的巡洋 舰“重庆”号起义后,经敌机四次轰炸,被迫自沉于葫芦岛海域。这些情况,毛泽东 比谁都清楚。共和国成立伊始,他亲自批准拿出1.5亿美元给海军司令肖劲光购 买军舰,这些钱占当时国民收入的7%,毛泽东的魄カ不可谓不大。但抗美援朝对
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“第一个引进外资建造旅游饭店的意向书,是在北京饭店签订的。时间是 1978年10月8日。”李玉莺说。
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飞机的迫切需要,迫使毛泽东又不得不亲自将这些钱从肖劲光口袋里掏了出来。
 
  
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岁月蹉駝,道路曲折。我年轻的人民海军直至20世纪70年代初オ拥有第一 艘自行设计制造的导弹驱逐舰,即号称“新中国第一舰”的“济南”号。邓小平同志 第二次复出时,曾视察该舰,题下了“建立一支强大的具有现代战斗能力的海军”。 从此,中国海军的建设又进入了一个新的阶段。至80年代末90年代初,具有高技 术水平的多用途驱逐舰、护卫舰进入海军序列。
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“The first letter of intent to introduce foreign capital to build a tourist hotel was signed at the Beijing Hotel. The date was October 8, 1978,” said Li Yuying. 
  
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当第一艘新舰编入某驱逐舰支队时,狂喜的眼泪模糊了每一位官兵的双眼。 它是ー个全封闭的海上堡垒,具有势不可挡的战斗カ。这正是官兵们朝思暮想 的呀!
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外方谈判代表是泛美航空所属的洲际饭店公司董事长保罗・希莱恩。小平同 志对这次谈判非常关注,外方到达的第二天上午就亲自会见了泛美航空公司董事 长西威尔和洲际饭店公司一行客人。
  
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“从今天起,我们每个人都成了百万富翁。”有人这样介绍新军舰。因为如果 以它的造价作分子,全舰官兵人数作分母,平均每人超过100万元。
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The foreign negotiation representative was Paul H. Schlein, the chairman of the Intercontinental Hotel Company, which belonged to Pan American World Airways. Comrade Xiaoping was very concerned about this negotiation. On the second morning after the arrival of the foreign party, he personally met with the chairman of Pan American World Airways, Mr. Westwil, and a delegation from the Intercontinental Hotel Company.
  
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“从今天起,我们享受住高级宾馆的待遇。”也有人这样向战友们夸耀自己的 新军舰。可不是吗?脚下铺的是地毯,房间里有空调,无论春夏秋冬,恒温不变。 唯一不如宾馆的,是房间还不够大,缺少席梦思。
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西威尔提出拟建5000个房间的饭店。
  
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这种全封闭的军舰没有一扇窗户,对天、对地、对海面、对水下的观察全凭先进 的雷达与声呐。与立体作战相配套的各类武器,也不再需要手工操纵,改由计算机 控制。每个官兵的战位上几乎清一色的是荧屏。对键盘的敲打和按钮、开关的操 纵代替了昔日笨重的劳动。年轻顽皮的水兵不无骄傲地说:“我们每个人都可以在 战位上打电子游戏机。”
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Mr. Westwil proposed to build a hotel with 5,000 rooms. 
  
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新装备当然绝不允许用来玩电子游戏,也绝不像玩电子游戏机那样容易。尽 管舰队首长下了命令,新装备要尽快形成战斗力,要用系统（全舰为ー个母系统,分 若干个子系统,形成一个计算机网络）操作、打靶,尽管科研单位、生产厂家对官兵 进行了突击培训,然而一年多过去了,系统却还是没能动起来。原因复杂而简单, 人机不友好。计算机系统似乎欺生,像一匹未经调教的马,不是罢エ便是撒野。于 是乎,对新装备的爱变成了怕,爱有多深,怕便有多大。“没有新装备盼新装备,有 了新装备怕新装备”,ー时成为普遍的心态。结果是愈怕愈不敢用,愈不敢用愈怕。 用不了新的便用旧的。旧的虽然落后,但旧的轻车熟路。如此这般,颇有些像ー个 驾驶不了联合收割机的农民,不得不重新捡起他的镰刀,并且对着联合收割机抱怨 道:“中看不中用的东西!”
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小平说:“我们要积极努力创造更多的条件,建5000个房间的旅馆是可以商量 的,也可以再多一点。先建5000间,还要看建在什么地方。”
  
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“啪!”舰队首长气得拍了桌子,“新装备给了你们,为啥不打系统（即用系统打 靶）？!”
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Xiaoping said, “We must actively strive to create more conditions. It is negotiable to build a hotel with 5,000 rooms, and it can be a bit more. First, build 5,000 rooms, but it also depends on where to build.”
  
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面对舰队首长的严词质问,士兵的回答是:“不是我们不用,而是新装备不行。”
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小平还说:“这里边有些具体问题,建房条件要研究。”
  
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ー阵令人窒息的沉默。但表面的沉默之下,ー个滚烫的问号在跳:究竟是人的 素质不行,还是新装备不行?
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Xiaoping also mentioned, “There are some specific problems in this that need to be studied regarding building conditions.” 
  
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奖励“鸭蛋”奖出个“满堂红”
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但小平同志亲自过问的这个项目,却因种种原因再无进展。此后,最先谈成, 又经国务院批准的中外合资项目是北京建国饭店,接着有北京长城饭店和中日航 空食品公司,这三个合资项目都是旅游企业。
  
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在1号舰将快马当作老牛骑时,2号舰又列编了。2号舰舰长邱延鹏十分老成 谦恭,个子不大,貌不惊人,但心里有一团火。他总觉得,国家花那么多钱造成新装 备,难道是为了给我们当旧装备用的吗?马必须派马的用场,不能当牛使。经过ー 段时间的摸索,他主动请缨,要求打新装备系统。
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However, this project that Comrade Xiaoping personally cared about had no further progress due to various reasons. Afterward, the first joint venture project to be negotiated and approved by the State Council was the Jianguo Hotel Beijing, followed by the Great Wall Hotel Beijing and the Sino-Japanese Aviation Food Company. These three joint ventures were all tourism enterprises. 
  
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“不行!打不好你负得了责吗?”训练基地一位部门长死活不同意。
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李玉莺大姐说:“我说说建国饭店从审批到施工建成的过程,你们就会知道,开 始引进外资的时候,有多么艰难。”
  
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“训练不是为了打仗吗?不从实战复杂情况出发,用老办法打那么多优秀又有 多少用呢?”邱延鹏还是不紧不慢地说。
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Li Yuying said, “If I talk about the process from the approval to the completion of the construction of the Jianguo Hotel, you will know how difficult it was to start introducing foreign investment.” 
  
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“你能保证用新系统打优秀吗?你能保证不出事吗?”ー连串的问题,像ー座 座压过来的山。邱延鹏何尝不知道,训练成绩是考核ー个军官,尤其是一个舰长的 主要指标。即使自己不在乎,是否会拖大家的后腿?是否会影响大队、支队的成 绩?但是,他实在是不甘心,守着新装备却不使用,不是失职吗?可惜他又实在没 有把握,万一出了事,损坏了装备,那娄子就捅得大了。
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建国饭店外资方是美籍华人陈宣远,他是廖承志的远房表亲。廖承志举贤不 避亲,动员他来中国投资。陈先生是个爱国的建筑师,在美国经营ー个建筑事务 所,在美国加州旧金山拥有帕萨迪娜等四家假日饭店。他对投资中国充满信心, 1979年2月就到北京考察,有关建国饭店的谈判进展相对顺利。陈宣远真心诚意 想为国家做点贡献,许多条款都做了让步。他甚至表态:饭店经营1〇年后,把他的 股权以1美元价格,卖给中方。
  
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新装备还是新装备,老ー套还是老ー套。
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The foreign investor of the Jianguo Hotel was Chen XuanYuan, an American Chinese who was a distant relative of Liao Chengzhi. Liao Chengzhi didn't avoid relatives when promoting virtuous people, so he mobilized him to invest in China. Mr. Chen was a patriotic architect who ran an architectural firm in the United States. He owned four Holiday Inns in places like Pasadena, San Francisco, California. Chen XuanYuan was full of confidence in investing in China. He came to Beijing for inspection in February 1979, and the negotiations concerning the Jianguo Hotel proceeded relatively smoothly. Chen XuanYuan sincerely wanted to make some contributions to the country and made many concessions in the terms. He even stated that after the hotel had been operated for ten years, he would sell his shares to the Chinese side at a price of one US dollar. 
  
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90年代第一个春天。驱逐舰支队换了三个新官:支队长丁一平、政委陵敬昌、 副支队长张展南。
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既然只卖1美元,那为什么不干脆白送呢?
  
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不知是偶然的巧合,还是上级的精心搭配,这个海上“三人行”的第一步就迈 向新装备。丁一平和张展南都是将门之子,丁ー平阅历丰富,为人沉稳老练、胆大 心细。他已摸了多年的指挥仪,几乎指挥过我军海军的各个舰种,是个精通海军的 专家。ー看到新的指挥系统,便像关羽见到了赤兔马,眉开眼笑,爱不释手。“这么 好的东西,我们要用呵!”张展南的父亲当初本欲让儿子到自己的老部队去当陆军 战士,而张展南却选择了海军。这也许与他勇于挑战的性格有关。他闯了出来,从 士兵当上军官,又当上舰长、大队长、支队参谋长、副支队长（1992年已任支队长）〇 他们从父辈那里继承了作为ー个军人的忠诚、勇敢、果断和不屈不挠的精神,又在 现代海军建设上学到了父辈所欠缺的科学知识。一正一副,两位军事指挥员所精 通的专业如珠联璧合,对新装备信心十足。幸运的是他们碰上了一个好政委陵敬 昌,他在专业上虽不如他们精通,却是个不折不扣的科技迷。在政治工作上,以擅 长调动科技干部的积极性而著称。
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If it's only sold for one dollar, why not just give it away? 
  
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“我看就从咱们党委ー班人带头学起,老丁老张边学边当教员,我边当学生边 做鼓动工作。出了事我来擦屁股,你们放开胆子干。”陵敬昌政委白净精瘦,像个文 弱书生,平时谦逊得让人感到柔弱,可关键时刻如中流砥柱,敢作敢为。他最后说: “新装备要不能在咱们任期内用起来,就是失职,就无脸面见上级首长和广大 官兵。”
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陈宣远说,不能白送。按照美国的法律,在国外投资白送就是违法。但可以 卖,至于卖多少钱由业主说了算。
  
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也许没有必要叙述那艰难的学习过程了。只需了解一点,读者便可以猜个ハ 九不离十。前边《陆军篇》中的新装备与海军的新军舰相比,只是其中一个子系统 中的一件武器而已。掌握一件武器尚且那般艰难,要将若干个子系统联动起来,其 困难可想而知。丁一平和张展南常常是夜间编教材,白天一课ー课地上,一点一点 地教。如此一年下来,又到了海上打靶季节。
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Chen XuanYuan said that it couldn't be given away. According to US law, giving away overseas investments is illegal. But it can be sold, and the owner decides how much it is sold for. 
  
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没的说,新舰一定要用系统打了。打靶结果,1号舰全优,2号舰“光头”。
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如此说来,外方的条件是相当优惠了。可是,当时许多人,包括有些国家部委 办的领导都不理解,对建国饭店建与不建的问题各持己见。国家某部委负责人说: “合资饭店都是亏本赔钱的,怎么能借钱干赔本的买卖?”
  
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ー个“光头”把全支队搅得沸沸扬扬。尤其是在几条老舰清一色打了“优秀” 的情况下,“新不如旧”的舆论ー时又占了上风。2号舰舰长邱延鹏更是成了议论 中心。“去年就逞英雄,没让他打系统还不服,怎么样?吃了’鸭蛋’舒服了。”邱延 鹏也百思不得其解,论学习的时间和对系统掌握的熟练程度,应该说,我们比1号 舰好一些。可为什么人家打“优秀”,我们“推光头”呢?他个子本来不高,这时仿 佛更矮了一头。
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So it seems that the terms from the foreign side were quite favorable. However, at that time, many people, including some leaders from national ministries and commissions, did not understand and held their own opinions on whether to build the Jianguo Hotel. A person in charge of a certain national ministry said: “Joint venture hotels are all loss-making, how can we borrow money to engage in loss-making business?” 
  
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“原因总是会找到的,先开党委会统一思想再说。”陵敬昌主持召开了一次不 同寻常的党委会。
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有人还拿出“可行性分析”,认为建国饭店经营22年后,要还清借贷的本息,还差2万美金。
  
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“新不如旧”的论点本就跛了一只脚,一推便倒。1、2号舰同时用系统打,1号 舰打了超优秀就是明证。但丁 一平支队长绝不想就此为止,他深沉地说,问题在 于,为什么使用新装备遇到ー点挫折,就会冒出“新不如旧”的论调?是因为新装 备太娇气?不错。新装备确有不完善的地方,不像老装备那样经得起磕碰,经得起 折腾,故障率比旧装备高。但不少故障恰恰是人为的。比如过去某个动作做错了, 纠正过来就是了。现在则不然,ー个开关开错了,ー个电钮按错了,整个程序都会 乱套,有时造成“死机”,甚至酿成故障和事故。张展南副支队长不动声色地说: “提高装备的可靠性、可维护性,我们有建议的责任。但是,我们更应该做的文章是 如何适应新装备,如何不开错ー个开关,不按错ー个按钮〇 ”这次党委会整整开了三 天,每天都开到熄灯号响,月上柳梢,慢慢地刨到了问题的根上:在旧装备上练成了 专家,甚至练成了权威,而新装备迫使昔日的专家、权威统统变成了小学生,一下经 历这一巨大的落差,难免使人头晕目眩。老ー套吃不开了,但老ー套学会容易吗? 也是经过了正规的大专、本科教育,在海上漂了多少年オ练就的呵!就像一位珠算 专家总想与计算机比赛,一位熟练的排字工总想与激光照排较劲ー样,实在有点不
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Some people also brought out a feasibility analysis, suggesting that after 22 years of operation of the Jianguo Hotel, there would still be a deficit of 20,000 US dollars to clear the principal and interest of the loan. 
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甘心。但是,新技术革命无情,要想不被时代淘汰,就得重新开始。能不能放下专 家、权威的架子,甘当小学生,是能否掌握新装备的关键。
 
  
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就在这次党委会期间,2号舰逐项查阅原始记录,找出了吃“鸭蛋”的原因:系 统事先调试不够,特别是全系统的调试未能很好进行,致使系统运转不正常。打个 比方,就像电视机的频道、对比度、光亮度不事先调好,画面岂能不出毛病?何况系 统比电视机不知复杂多少倍呢! ー个“鸭蛋”换来一条多么宝贵的经验呵!过去 打靶前的准备,往往把主要精力放在人的动员和武器擦拭保养上。这些现在当然 还不可偏废,但是离开了对系统的全面调试,“冰锅冷灶”地上,非出问题不可。
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这个“可行性分析”被作为ー种“科学论据”,有人据此反对上马
  
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这次党委会做出了两个决定。第一是对吃了“鸭蛋”的2号舰和优秀的1号舰 ー起进行奖励,以鼓励率先用新系统;第二是从今天开始,新型舰必须用系统练用 系统打（此时又增加一批新舰）,用老ー套即使打了优良的也算不及格,不算舰长 的年考成绩,不能评为合格舰长。此条后来被舰队作为法规性文件认可。而海军 官兵都知道,舰长的年考事关其命运〇
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This feasibility analysis was used as a kind of "scientific argument", and some people opposed the project based on this. 
  
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两条决定,一条奖“鸭蛋”,一条“赶鸭子上架”。异乎寻常的决定带来异乎寻 常的效果:翌年全支队的新舰全部用系统打靶,条条都是“超优秀”。说起那次党 委会,大伙不无幽默地说:“支队党委高,奖励'鸭蛋’奖出个'满堂红‘。”
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反对呼声强烈!
  
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计算机,我新的无言战友
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The opposition was strong! 
  
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蔚蓝的天,湛蓝的海。我驱逐舰编队高速驶向远方。在舰尾犁出的白练上,一 群海鸥紧追不舍,不时俯冲下来,捕食被白浪翻起的鱼虾。然而,带队出海的张展 南副支队长和他的官兵,没有欣赏这大海神韵的闲情逸致,他们担负着一次重要的 任务,为外宾展示新军舰的各项战、技术性能。
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小平同志还是在关于同意建造建国饭店合资酒店的批文上签了字。今天我们 仍能看到,在这份批文上,有国务院总理、14位副总理和全国人大常委会副委员长 廖承志等共16位国家领导人的批字或圈阅,对建造ー个饭店如此慎重,是很少 见的。
  
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那位带队的外国将军就坐在军舰上。在北京听了有关方面的介绍之后,他要 到海上亲眼看一看中国军舰的风采。当然,还要检验一下我们的介绍是否名实 相符。
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Still, Deng Xiaoping personally signed the approval for the construction of the Jianguo Hotel joint venture. Today, we can still see the approval from 16 national leaders, including the Prime Minister of the State Council, 14 deputy prime ministers, and Liao Chengzhi, the vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. The unusual level of caution shown for the construction of a hotel is rare to see. 
  
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用新装备为外宾表演,这是头一次,本来就有些紧张,不料大海像ー个喜怒无 常的妖怪,悄然间便拉起了雾幕。雾愈来愈浓,愈来愈厚,吞没了太阳,吞没了大 海。大雾ー统天下,叫人不辨西东。海上航行,台风与大雾为两大“天敌”。台风 是凶神恶煞,以暴风骤雨、狂涛巨浪玩弄船只于股掌之中;大雾乃温情杀手,轻柔飘 洒,寂然无声,引诱你误入浅滩或触上暗礁。这在以往,唯一的办法是尽快返航,溜 之大吉。因为大雾,打靶不成,数次无功而返并不罕见。但这次不同了,新军舰的 先进设备足以使大雾弥漫如同晴空万里。张展南果断下达了“继续前进”的命令。
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李玉莺大姐清楚地记得,审批的时间是!979年6月12日。批语中还强调: “这是我国与外资合作建造和经营的第一个旅游饭店,可以作为试点,创造点经验, 请各有关部门积极给予支持配合,争取尽快动エ建成。”
  
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军舰穿云破雾,准确到达打靶海域。打不打颇费思量。此前打靶均是好天气, 打的是系统,“审计”仍用老办法。就像计算机算出了结果,再用珠算验算一遍ー 样。可现在老办法已毫无用武之地,肉眼失去了观察的作用,得完全靠电子眼和计 算机了。也许是因为事关重大,张展南心里也有些发毛。他问枪炮业务长“敢不敢 打”,枪炮长摇了摇头。“那你就暂时靠边吧!”张展南生气地说。他根据自己对士 兵的了解,点名拼凑起一个尖子队。待尖子们各就各位后,他急匆匆地跑到炮瞄雷 达战位,问自己亲自教出来的两名士兵:“打,有没有把握?”回答是:“有八成把 握。”“好!”张展南拍着水兵的肩膀说,“有八成把握就打。”
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Li Yuying clearly remembers that the approval was given on June 12, 1979. The approval emphasized: “This is the first tourist hotel in our country to be constructed and operated in cooperation with foreign capital. It can be used as a pilot project to create some experience. Please actively support and cooperate with all relevant departments to strive for starting and completing the construction as soon as possible.” 
  
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整个系统有条不紊地运转起来,战舰颇像ー个漂在水上的科研所,每个人面前 红绿灯闪烁,屏幕上显示出空中、水上、水下的各种情况,计算机将各类情况进行汇 集、分析、整理,跳跃的数字不时显示出有关参数。舰长坐在指挥位置上,看着屏 幕,通过令人眼花缭乱的各类开关和按钮指挥全舰。在他的左右,有数个计算机终 端,每个终端管ー个部门、ー个系统,部门长靠它指挥本部门的每ー个战位,将上情 下达,将下情上报,以及与相关部门横向联络。战舰在雾中高速航行,系统也在高 速运行,但除了发动机的声音或微机偶尔出现的蜂鸣声之外,没有任何人的声音。 射击目标在雷达上显示出来,各种射击参数,包括距离、温度、湿度以及相应射击诸 元,都在计算机上显示出来……射击准备就绪,只等舰长的手按下发射的按钮。
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有了“尚方宝剑”,事情看来可以一帆风顺地进展下去,哪知道阻カ依然很大。 在设计、选址、拆迁、贷款、施工等过程中,依然困难重重,几乎每走ー步,都遇到 阻カ。
  
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“打不得,千万打不得!这么大的雾,万一打着了拖靶船谁负责?”从靶区传来 设靶者的呼喊。
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With this “imperial sword,” it seemed that things could progress smoothly, but there were still substantial obstacles. During the process of design, site selection, demolition, loans, construction, etc., there were still numerous difficulties. Almost every step encountered resistance. 
  
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舰长看了看张展南,显然是请示该怎么办。张展南镇定地说道:“别理会他,要 相信科学和我们的训练水平,打!”
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陈宣远本人就是建筑师,由他设计是顺理成章的事。反对意见来了 :“中国的 饭店,为什么要外人来设计?”
  
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射击按钮按了下去。炮弹鱼贯飞出炮膛,主副炮ー连发射几百发……随着大 炮的怒吼,人们的心也提到了嗓子眼儿。在这黑夜似的大雾天,这ー串连珠炮出 去,谁敢保证不误中拖靶船?
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Chen Xuan Yuan was himself an architect, so his design was a natural choice. Yet, opposition came: “Why should a Chinese hotel be designed by foreigners?” 
  
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拖靶船上听到炮声曾发生一阵惊恐,冒出了“瞎胡来,拿生命开玩笑”的咒骂。 炮声停息之后,他们庆幸老天爷没让自己挨炮弹。当他们接到检靶的命令时,颇不 情愿地嘟哝:“肯定是光头,还检什么靶?”但是,事实让他们ー个个惊呆了:这么小 的靶船,主炮副炮命中这么多发?这可能吗?！再检一遍,准确无误。
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庄炎林是归侨,时任国家旅游总局副局长,又是“侨外资办”常务副主任,许多 具体事务得跑上跑下,忙前忙后,常常到下半夜オ进家门。多干事者多受气,种种 飞短流长向他袭来:
  
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按照原考核标准,这一成绩是“优秀”的数十倍。
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“请客的钱加起来,就可以盖一座大楼了!”
  
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一直沉寂无声的军舰上欢呼起来。那位一直不动声色只顾仔细观察的外国将 军,终于满面春风地站起来,与张展南握手。接着又倒了两杯葡萄酒,与张展南碰 杯之后ー饮而尽。他说:“中国能造出这么好的军舰我不怀疑,中国水兵这么快能
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Zhuang Yanlin, a returning overseas Chinese, was the Deputy Director of the CNTA at the time and also the Executive Deputy Director of the “Overseas Capital Office”. He had to run around handling many specific affairs, often not arriving home until midnight. Those who do more often face more criticisms, and all kinds of rumors came at him: “The money spent on treating guests could have built a tower by now!”
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掌握这样先进的军舰,让我想不到。”
 
  
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好一个“想不到”〇这么出色的表演,连表演者自己也未曾想到!
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“建合资饭店是与外国资本家联盟,ー起赚中国人民的钱。”
  
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这次被大雾“逼上梁山”的表演,一下拨响了驱逐舰支队全体官兵头脑中自觉 性这根弦。如果说以往是逼着与计算机系统打交道的话,那么现在则是自觉地与 它交朋友。前边是领导逼着搞“拉郎配”或“包办婚姻”,现在是“自由恋爱”。这种 感情的变化,可以从军官们的一句话中显露无遗:“不会使用计算机,就没有资格当 一名海军军官。,,你瞧,多么新派,又多么自豪!
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“Building joint venture hotels is forming an alliance with foreign capitalists to make money off the Chinese people.”
  
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邱延鹏和黄新建是对老搭档,邱任2号舰长时,黄是副舰长;现在邱当了大队 长,黄接任舰长。在舰长室里,他们谈起第一次打“鸭蛋”的教训和后来的实践,说 了一段意味深长的话:“对计算机这位新的无言战友,仅仅学会使用它是不行的,必 须与之配合默契直至融为一体。从一定意义上说,她与骑兵的战马ー样,也是通人 性的。”他们称新装备的使用直到形成战斗力是“ー场名副其实的革命”。这种新 技术革命几乎涉及训练的每ー个岗位、每ー个环节。
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“咱们卫星都能上天,还怕盖不成饭店?”
  
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—多年来,挑炮手要挑身强カ壮的大个子,所谓“大个子炮兵”,三军ー样。 但在新装备系统中,火炮实行了电脑程序化,可以自动扬弹,再不用人工装填;炮身 电子联动,用不着手工左右。因此,对炮手的体力要求远远不如对智力的要求 高了。
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“We can send satellites into space, so why can't we build a hotel?” 
  
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—以往各个部门长一般可以独立组织训练,枪炮练枪炮,航海练航海,对空 的练对空,对海的练对海,反潜的练反潜。ー个部门长只要掌握本部门的专业知识 和技能,便算个合格的部门长。现在,ー个部门往往无法独立组织训练,部门长不 仅要掌握本专业,而且要熟悉相关的五六个专业甚至十个专业。
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“这点事,要去求洋人,岂不是丢中国人的脸吗！”
  
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—过去,哪个舰长能指挥军舰ー次靠上码头,大家就会跷起大拇指;组织训 练和对海对空射击,谁的口令洪亮,谁目测距离准确,谁就是“大腕”〇这一切曾经 让舰长们引以为豪的东西,现在已经显得黯然失色了。“警报”ー响,舰长不必像 过去那样往指挥台上跑,而是要往指控中心钻。在这个全封闭的世界里,部属无法 看到你的手势,也不要听你的嗓门,一切情况都靠数据屏幕来显示,一切指令都靠 电脑传送,需要静默指挥。且不说ー舰之长要熟悉各个部门的工作,就是面前那数 十个按钮也够拨拉ー阵的。
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“Isn't it humiliating for us Chinese to seek help from foreigners for such a matter?” 
  
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—训练方法上,先打单兵基础,再合练几乎是天经地义,但在新装备面前,单 兵几乎已无法自个儿打基础,上完理论课之后,就得进入系统,舰长、部门长、士兵 就得同时练,系统不运转起来,一切等于零。士兵的基础仍然重要,但必须在系统 中打基础。
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还有人写匿名信,用语从“崇洋媚外”到“卖国主义”,还有“丧失阶级立场” “丧 失民族气节”等等,引进外资建饭店,简直就是罪大恶极了。
  
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两位新装备的训练专家一口气讲了十多个方面的变化,最后总结说:“新技术 革命革到自己头上,唯一的办法就是老老实实地钻进新装备的怀抱,按规律来。规 律不管你的资历、职位,就是’顺我者昌,逆我者亡’。”
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Some people even sent anonymous letters, with phrases ranging from “worshipping foreigners and fawning over foreign things” to “traitorism”, as well as “losing class standing” and “losing national integrity”, etc. To them, bringing in foreign capital to build hotels was simply an egregious crime. 
  
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的确如此。就在打“鸭蛋”之后不久,还是2号舰,还是那些人,桌面大的小靶, 只发射X发便ー举中的。这一成绩超过“优秀”标准几十倍。
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李大姐说,现在看来十分明白的道理,在那年月却是说不清。引进外资建饭 店,面对四面八方的反对意见,有些声音可以置之不理,有些意见你还一定得去 解释。
  
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再看对空打拖靶,陆上一个连能打下ー个就相当不错了,ー个连甚至ー个营 “剃光头”并不罕见。但2号舰仅发射若干发,便将拖靶打得燃烧起来。这一成绩 已不是老考核标准所能衡量的了。
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As Li said, what now seems so clear was so hard to explain back then. In the face of opposition from all directions to the introduction of foreign capital for hotel construction, some voices could be ignored, but some opinions had to be explained.
  
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2号舰在北方某海域为兄弟部队表演,枪炮长不在位,由主炮分队长代替,照 样打出了超优秀。2号舰从打“鸭蛋”变成了创造奇迹的领头舰。
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1980年9月五届人大三次会议期间,建国饭店已经开エ了,一些全国人大代表 就引资建饭店提出质疑。庄炎林只得带着李玉莺等人去向人大代表作解释,就饭 店的合作方式、建筑设计、材料装修、偿还能力等问题ーー作说明,并强调旅游住宿 如何困难,争取人大代表的理解与同情。
  
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邱延鹏笑容满面地说:“一旦与新装备融为一体,它是很讲’义气’的,你敬她 一尺,她报你ー丈。”
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During the Third Session of the Fifth National People's Congress in September 1980, the Jianguo Hotel had already started construction, and some National People's Congress delegates raised doubts about the hotel project funded by foreign capital. Zhuang Yanlin had no choice but to take Li Yuying and others to explain to the NPC delegates about the hotel's cooperation method, architectural design, material decoration, repayment ability, and other issues. They also stressed the difficulty of accommodation in tourism to gain the understanding and sympathy of the NPC delegates. 
  
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事物的发展就是这样,会什么便愈爱吆喝什么,会什么便愈爱干什么。水兵们 对新装备从盼到怕,再从怕到抢。在训练中心,蒋宁副处长讲了一个意味深长的现 象:过去如果哪个兵不听话,军官就会对他说,你要再不听话,就把你分到驱逐舰某 支队去。ー听这话,很多人便吓得够呛,因为掌握新装备实在太难。现在反过来 了,唬人的话变成了:你要不听话,就不让你到驱逐舰某支队去。因为现在观念变 了,士兵认为不学新装备,就学不到新东西。
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建设建国饭店的批文!979年6月就批了,到!980年6月20日オ正式破土动 工。我们整整失去了一年宝贵时间。
  
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事物的发展就是这样,敢于向“必然王国”冲击,就能逐渐进入“自由王国”。 1号舰从列装到打系统用了 2年时间,3号舰列装2个月便打上了系统。全支队最 年轻的舰长韩小虎在他那简洁的舰长室里对作者说:“本舰列编便用上系统,得益 于前边几条舰的经验。我们把住了军舰出厂的机会,提前到エ厂,做到能把图纸看 清楚、各部分的关系搞清楚,让各种线路跑得通,能排除小故障。这样ー接装便可 开训,2个月便可开打。”从2年到2个月,这是ー个多大的变化啊!目前,全支队 已有20余个像韩小虎这样的全训舰长。这些新一代的舰长,出访能用外语与外宾 交谈,训练中白天打一般气象已不值ー提,在夜间、雾中和恶劣海情也照打不误,成 了“全天候”。他们甚至专挑台风来临之前或其他种种恶劣气候率舰出海训练、打 靶。按大纲规定的射击条件打靶已大大不过瘾,增大距离、缩小靶幅照样打出超水 平,不仅能打同向运动靶,还能打高难度逆向运动靶。
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The approval for the construction of Jianguo Hotel was issued in June 1979, but construction did not officially begin until June 20, 1980. We lost a full year of valuable time. 
  
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昔日手把手地教士兵的张展南,任支队长后已把主要精力放到了战术上。单 舰技术水平的提高,迫切呼吁战术的改革。他ー口气给作者讲了八个方面的工作, 说:“我总算是务正业了。开始我和老丁干的是基层干部兼高中数理化教师的エ 作,十分辛苦但不是正业。我的正业是编队战术。”现在,他们已完成编队战术的全 部训练内容,包括电子对抗条件下的实弹演习。
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谷牧副总理当时分管旅游工作,他曾在国家旅游局情况汇报中批示:“我很同情旅游业,现在谁也没有否决权。”
  
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作者站在海港内,看着一条条来来往往的新型军舰,突然想起邓小平同志16 年前与总参负责同志谈话时所说的:“前不久我看到美国的ー个资料,说到使用电 子计算机,开始军队不接受、不赞成,说是不懂,掌握不了。后来,美国政府下了很 大的决心去搞,现在装备到团以下,陆、海、空军都用上了吧。我们现在还没有想到 这个问题。要解决这个问题是很费劲的,但思想要统ー,要逐步实现指挥系统的现 代化,总不能拖得太久吧!” 16年过去了,伟大战略家的设想已部分变成现实。然 而,我们的思想准备、知识准备落后于“总设计师”多远呵!春天已经来了,可我们 不少人还停留在冬天。我想,小平同志所说的“费劲”,也许最“费劲”的还是观念 的转变,即把头脑中那个传统的军人概念转变为操纵计算机的新型军人的形象。 总有一天,每一位军官要履行其职责,就必须与电脑这个无言战友打交道。
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Vice Premier Gu Mu, who was in charge of tourism work at the time, once commented during a report on the status of the CNTA, “I sympathize greatly with the tourism industry; at present, no one has the right to veto.” 
  
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这个驱逐舰支队先走了一步,并且走得很好,走出了一个榜样。我向大海立 正,面对着军港,向他们致以敬佩的军礼。
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施工期间又遭人为阻挠。原来建国饭店后面是国务院某部的宿舍楼,他们怕 建成后会遮挡阳光,不让建。
  
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空军篇
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During the construction period, there was deliberate obstruction. The dormitory building of a certain department of the State Council was behind the site of the Jianguo Hotel. They feared that once the hotel was built, it would block their sunlight, so they opposed the construction. 
  
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新一代蓝天骄子:1小时ー个“大款”
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其实,原定方案已做了修改,在后面有宿舍的一方只建四层半楼房,以保证阳 光能照到ー楼窗户。但有些人白天公然到工地吵闹,晚上把笨重的搅拌机掀翻,拆 毁施工围墙。施工受阻,“侨外资办”只好向国务院求助。
  
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特级飞行员、飞行大队长率永利喜滋滋地回到家里,对妻子说:“做几个好菜, 我要喝两杯。”
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In reality, the original plan had already been modified. On the side where there were dormitories, only four and a half floors of buildings were to be constructed to ensure that sunlight could reach the first floor windows. However, some people caused disturbances on the construction site during the day, and at night they overturned heavy mixers and destroyed the construction fences. When the construction was hindered, the Overseas Capital Office had to seek help from the State Council. 
  
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妻子不觉诧异:吃飞行灶的丈夫平时回家吃饭从不挑剔,今天吵着要加餐,其 中必有缘故。妻子不禁问道:“你是立功啦还是升官啦?”
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邓小平在百忙中批示:“有理也不能闹,何况无理ド’
  
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“嗨!立功、升官算啥?告诉你ー个特大喜讯,我要改飞新战斗机,先进的战斗 机。”率永利自豪地对妻子说。
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In the midst of his busy schedule, Deng Xiaoping instructed, “One should not make trouble even when they're in the right, let alone when they're in the wrong.” 
  
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“先进到啥程度?”妻子好奇地问。率永利既不能向妻子透露任何ー个技术参 数,又没法以“无可奉告”作搪塞,巧妙地答道:“新战斗机吸收了当今世界的新技 术成果,技术性能整整跨越了一个时代。她将使你过去看到的飞行表演相形见细, 顿失光芒!”
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这オ平息事端。
  
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“乖乖!”妻子惊讶地瞪大了眼睛,“这么大的事,怎么没听你说?”
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This resolved the dispute. 
  
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在这之前,率永利谁也没说,包括对自己的同事和下级。改装（即更新）新型 战斗机后,将使部队跨入先进行列。这一天,是蓝天骄子们企盼已久的一天,是每
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与此同期,另一合资项目长城饭店,经过5次艰苦的谈判オ算成功。从立项到 开エ建设,共有8位副总理先后做出重要指示或批示,最后是谷牧副总理批示:“我 主张继续干。”
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ー个军人梦寐以求的一天。但是,新战斗机并不是每个飞行员都可以飞的。她对 飞行员的科技文化、技能、身体、心理诸方面都提出了很高的要求。因此,飞行员要 在全空军中挑选,百里挑ー,强中选强。“我够格吗?”率永利不知将自己掂量了多 少遍,多次想主动提出申请又多次打消念头。
 
  
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然而,改飞新飞机对飞行员的诱惑カ是巨大的,这最能体现ー个飞行员实现自 身价值的光荣感。在空军,能当上飞行员,是谓蓝天骄子;能最先驾驶新飞机,无疑 便站到了蓝天骄子的第一排,乃是骄子中的骄子。尤其是首批为数不多的几个人, 将成为新飞机的教练员,这是多么光荣呵!反复思考之后,他自信地向师长张建平 家里走去。
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During the same period, another joint venture project, the Great Wall Hotel, was successful after five tough negotiations. From the initiation of the project to the start of construction, a total of 8 vice premiers successively gave important instructions or instructions, and finally Vice Premier Gu Mu instructed: “I advocate continuing.” 
  
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年轻的师长张建平以“好斗”而闻名。空中强烈的紫外线未能晒黑他的皮肤, 他总是显得那么白净潇洒。他中等个头,衣着整洁,ー看便是个受过正规教育、十 分有教养的人。然而ー上飞机,ー上指挥塔,他便会变成一头雄狮、ー只猛虎。空 中特技、空中格斗他是一把尖刀,闯训练禁区、补飞行空白,他是一名尖兵。他曾在 青藏高原将2架不明国籍的飞机驱逐出境;曾率领五机“箭”形编队参加国庆35周 年阅兵式,飞过天安门广场;更有无数成功的飞行表演和战术示范的光荣纪录。他 既是ー师之长,又是一流的飞行员。他27岁当团长,当师长时オ30出头。当改装 新型战斗机的重担压在他的肩上时,他首先想到是要无愧于这支英雄部队的光荣 历史。
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长城饭店的施工时间也延误了一年之久。
  
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张建平所在的师从1950年下半年组建到1951年参战,训练不足1年,飞行员 平均飞行时间不到100小时,却取得了击落击伤敌机11I架（击落8?架,击伤24 架）的辉煌战绩。全师击中敌机的飞行员占总数的71.4%,涌现出击落击伤敌机 29架的“英雄的王海大队”,击落击伤敌机1?架的赵宝桐“英雄中队”,击落击伤敌 机9架的ー级战斗英雄特等功臣王海和赵宝桐,分别击落击伤敌机8架和7架的 ー级战斗英雄、特等功臣刘玉堤、孙生禄,击落击伤敌机6架的二级战斗英雄、特等 功臣范万章,还有分别击落击伤敌机4架的特等功臣杨振玉、焦景文、罗沧海等等。 在为击落击伤敌机百架祝捷庆功时,毛泽东主席亲笔批示:“向空X师致祝贺。”中 央军委发了嘉勉电。熠熠生辉的过去,灿若星河的英雄,像ー只巨大而无形的手, 时时推着他向前闯,颇有点生命不能承受之重的感觉。20世纪50年代初的前辈们 不过是小学、初中文化程度,最少的只飞行了 60多个小时便能打下敌机,无疑创造 了世界空战史上的奇迹。今天,他手下的飞行员绝大多数是大专、本科文化程度, 又给了最先进的飞机,还能再创昔日辉煌吗?
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The construction time of the Great Wall Hotel was also delayed for a year. 
  
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当然,激情沸腾之后,他又清醒地看到:20世纪50年代敌我双方的飞机和现在 相比都是低层次的。武器愈先进,愈需要高素质的人才,愈需要时间去掌握。一件 冷兵器ー个文盲在短时期内可以掌握,而ー架现代化的飞机,ー个本科生也需要相 当长时间的刻苦训练才能驾驭。革命热情要似火,科学态度应如冰。这是ー个合 格领导者应该牢记的辩证法。他想了许多,最后归结为,第一步得自己带头去走。 作为ー个飞行师长,飞行技术理所当然应当是全师第一流的,甚至应该是第一号 的。同时,要挑选出足以担当示范教练任务的尖子先飞ー步。他是以带尖子名冠 空军的,ー个个尖子飞行员在他脑子中闪过。正在这时,率永利来敲门了。
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北京丽都饭店是与新加坡侨商罗新权合作的项目。对方按照协议在国外设计 和订购材料,花了不少美元,我方因此想告吹。罗新权没办法,写信给邓小平求助, 诉说情况。小平接信后立即批示:必须守信。当时有许多行将夭折的项目在小平 的亲自关怀和支持下救活了。
  
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“我请求首批飞改装新飞机,我行。”率永利毫不谦虚,直截了当地说。张建平 佩服他的勇气和自信,也了解他的技术水平,他充当首批候选对象是完全合格的。 但是,首批オ选12个人,除师长外,其实只有!1个人,张建平还得仔细权衡:“你的 要求我十分理解,但确定人员还要党委集体研究,并报上级批准,你就先回去等候 通知吧!”
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Beijing Lido Hotel is a project in cooperation with Singaporean overseas Chinese businessman Luo Xinquan. The other party spent a lot of US dollars on design and material orders abroad according to the agreement, which made our side want to back out. Luo Xinquan had no choice but to write a letter to Deng Xiaoping for help, explaining the situation. Upon receiving the letter, Xiaoping immediately instructed that promises must be kept. At that time, many projects on the verge of failure were revived with Xiaoping's personal care and support. 
  
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率永利以为没戏了,但不久便接到了被选中的通知。他将信将疑地问团长,团 长笑了 :“是挑上了你,马上准备上航校改装吧「’他将这一喜讯藏在心里,跑回家 里,要爱人加菜。爱人明白了,从现在起,他将一头扎进新飞机之中,忘却妻子、忘 却孩子,甚至会忘却自己,他将很难回ー趟家了。她十分爱她的丈夫。他虽然只有 1.66米的小个子,却是人中的尖子,天上的骄子,其光芒足以照得为妻者浑身亮 丽。但是飞行员不能像普通人那样,每天成双成对,卿卿我我。作为飞行员的妻 子,那飞机发动机的轰鸣,那银燕在空中的一举ー动,甚至空中飘来的云彩,地上刮 来的风,无不牵动着她们的心。她们的神经似乎老在ー种紧张之中,只有当丈夫实 实在在地来到她们的眼前,心中的那块石头オ算暂时落地,给丈夫以加倍的爱抚。 在节假日或飞特技课目时,飞行员的妻子们往往会自发地买上东西去机场,不是慰 问自己的丈夫,而是慰问地勤人员。道一声“辛苦”,说一声“感谢”,还有一句没说 的话双方都心照不宣:“千万细心呵!我丈夫的生命至少有一半掌握在你们手里 哟。”率永利和许多飞行员ー样,完全理解妻子的心情,但也将这种过分的担忧斥为 “对科学的无知”。而无论你如何详细地给她讲解科学,都难以驱走她心头的那片 愁云。特别是改装新飞机,她能不担心吗?
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李玉莺大姐说,建国饭店后来的事实,让反对者鸦雀无声,更重要的是为后来 引进外资树起了榜样。饭店1982年4月开业,当年开业当年受益,全店员工人均 创汇超过2万美元。此后,利润一年年往上翻。仅仅用了 4年时间,就连本带息全 部还清了汇丰银行2000万美元贷款。10年所创的税利等于7.6个建国饭店的 投资。
  
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师长张建平率领11名飞行精英,来到了某航校。越是性能优越的飞机,其构 造越复杂,原理越深奥。数门理论课同时开,学习方法非同寻常,课后必须将听课 内容默记下来,等于一天几次闭卷考试,折腾得这些拥有第一流身体素质的尖子飞 行员也不堪重负。天天训练至深夜12点,累得他们常常和衣而睡。航校离市区坐 公共汽车不过十几分钟的路程,但你若问这个城市咋样,这些蓝天骄子竟茫然无 知。他们压根儿没进过城,全部时间甚至梦中都在最新科技理论的王国中遨游。 命运之神从不欺骗执着虔诚的追求者。到底是尖子中的尖子,理论考试,12人全 部满分,并且每人都写出了漂亮的心得体会。小个子率永利一人写了 !6篇,在航 空理论知识竞赛中得了一等奖。扎实的理论基础为掌握现代化的飞机创造了条 件,该上机实习了。
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Li Yuying said that the subsequent facts of the Jianguo Hotel silenced the opposition, and more importantly, it set an example for the introduction of foreign capital later. The hotel opened in April 1982, and it made a profit in the year it opened. The per capita exchange rate for the entire hotel staff exceeded 20,000 US dollars. After that, the profit increased year by year. It took only 4 years to repay all the principal and interest of the 20 million US dollar loan from HSBC. The taxes and profits created in 10 years are equivalent to the investment in 7.6 Jianguo Hotels. 
  
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“一遍不行,再来两遍,两遍不行,再来三遍。”这是我们通常用来表现刻苦学 习的几句话。但是,你若用此来教导这些飞行精英,那就大谬不然了。师长张建平 严肃地对大家说:此型新飞机不是黄金,胜似黄金。且不算别的,教官带飞1小时, 所花的人民币就相当于一个“大款” !你一遍不行再来二遍,就得多准备一手提箱 的钱。我们的国家还很穷,有限的国防经费不允许我们一遍不行再来二遍,更不允 许当了“废品”再回炉。
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当初的改革开放基本是两个大思路:一个是农村家庭联产承包责任制,还有一 个就是开始引进外资。“京字第一号”的建国饭店,其意义不仅是建了个饭店,而 是开启了新时期中外合资的先河,为全国各行各业引进外资树起一个鲜明的标杆。
  
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大家都没有说话,但谁都感受到了这几句话的分量。飞行员是用黄金练出来 的。ー个民航机机长的练成,所花的钱换算成黄金,其重量几乎与他们体重相等; 而ー个新型战斗机飞行员的练成,所花黄金将超过他的体重。“时间就是金钱”， 这ー商战语言用到新飞机训练中同样恰如其分。精英们别无选择,必须用最少的 时间来练硬自己的翅膀。而科学又是老老实实的学问,你要节省空中时间,首先在 地面必须比别人多付十倍甚至百倍的代价,“地面苦练,空中精飞”。
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The initial reform and opening up were basically two major ideas: one was the rural family joint production contract responsibility system, and the other was the start of introducing foreign capital. The significance of the “Jianguo Hotel”, the first of its kind in Beijing, is not just a hotel, but the pioneering of Sino-foreign joint ventures in the new era, setting a distinct benchmark for various industries across the country to introduce foreign capital. 
  
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数千个技术数据,顺背了倒背;数百个技术动作,ロ念手动反复做;座舱的各个 部件、各类仪表密密麻麻,各种线路宛若蛛网,必须闭上眼睛ー摸就准。12个飞行 员,仅座舱图每人就默画了数百张。此时再上天,让教官大吃一惊:“我熟悉座舱花 了一个星期,你们怎么ー上天就熟悉呀?”怎么说呢?只有该熟悉的都熟悉了,你オ 肯把位置让出来给我坐,从而最大限度地利用空中实习时间呀!
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之后,北京长城饭店、兆龙饭店,广州白天鹅宾馆,南京金陵饭店,各地引进外 资新建饭店如雨后春笋拔地而起。
  
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12名精英完成两种气象的改装新飞机飞行,最多的用了 28小时,最少的率永 利只用了 23小时20分。而按惯例,达到上述水平需30余小时。节约时间就是节 约金钱。他们节约下的钱换算成黄金,ー个人挑着也够沉的。高级人才的价值,在 这里体现得淋漓尽致。人格是平等的,而人的价值是不平等的。如果说在低级劳 动领域,这种价值差异表现得还不明显的话,那么在高级劳动领域则是一目了然 的。国防建设现代化对高级人才的呼唤日甚一日,我们听到了吗?
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After that, hotels newly built with foreign investment sprouted up like bamboo shoots after a rain, including the Great Wall Hotel and Zhaolong Hotel in Beijing, the White Swan Hotel in Guangzhou, the Jinling Hotel in Nanjing, and others across the country. 
  
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张建平带领他的飞行员穿云破雾,驾驶新一代战鹰回到自己的机场,开始向高 难度动作冲击,其惊险足以把任何人吓出ー身冷汗。他们的妻子更是心惊肉跳。 率永利的妻子自打为丈夫准备了那顿丰盛的晚宴之后,很难见到丈夫一面。相距 不过咫尺,却宛若关山万重。她实在放心不下,带着孩子来找他。只见率永利面前
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1988年3月,陈宣远在美国寓所渍然病逝。
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放着ー个笔记本,闭着眼睛,嘴里念念有词,背诵着她咋也听不懂的专业名词及动 作要领,两只手还像在座舱ー样,配合“台词”做着各种动作。不知为啥,悬着的心 一旦落地,眼泪反而哗哗直往下掉……率永利却笑了,笑得幸福、自信。他对妻子 说:“我正在向成为世界第一流的飞行员努力。”这难道不值得做妻子的骄傲吗? 是呵!丈夫第一批赴航校学习新飞机飞行,第一批放单飞,第一批向高难度动作冲 击,第一批成为新飞机的四种气象（全天候）飞行员、教员、指挥员,第一批参加表 演,第一批使用新飞机的所有火器实弹射击……甭说这么多第一,就是ー个第一也 够让人自豪的了。对了,我们得看看他的飞行表演了一与我们ー起观看这次表 演的有中央军委、三总部和陆海空三军的高级将领。
 
  
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表演者除率永利外,还有他的团长张宝忠。两个人均是特级飞行员,第一批掌 握新装备的佼佼者。说时迟,那时快,只见两架新飞机滑行出来,不过数百米,便腾 地昂首起飞,角度大得几乎垂直。飞机迅速爬升,突然蓦地打了半个滚,竟倒转反 向,从几乎贴着主席台前的上空飞过来。观看者根本无暇鼓掌,相反许多人的脊梁 上不觉冒出了冷汗,紧张得心提到了嗓子眼。吁!太玄乎了!这要稍有差池,掉下 来咋办?似乎不容紧张者思考,飞机又突然横着滚了 360度,接着爬升,又一个滚 转540度。天哪！新飞机在天上竟比武术高手在地上还要灵活,使空中飞人之类 的杂技表演不值ー提。双机开始高速盘旋,两机相距不过1〇余米,如此高的速度, 如此小的间距,如此复杂的动作,飞行员若非技术炉火纯青,岂能操纵若定,玩飞机 于股掌之中?看完顺飞倒飞、直滚横滚等令人眼花缭乱的高新动作之后,疾若闪 电、动如雷霆的飞机突然变成了两只悠闲自在的银色蜻蜓,慢慢地、轻柔地通过主 席台前。这是他们ー气呵成的24个动作的最后1个,按照行话,曰“小速度通场” 〇 此时,观众席オ响起了雷鸣般的经久不息的掌声。这就是我军新一代的飞机, 这就是我军新一代的特级飞行员！时任军委副主席刘华清概括道:“今天是开了眼 界,长了志气,受到了鼓舞!”
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In March 1988, Chen Xuanyuan passed away from illness at his residence in the United States. 
  
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类似表演,率永利他们进行了 20多次,次次圆满成功。
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国家旅游局发了唁电。大家没有忘记这位海外赤子。是他不惧风险,开拓了 中国引进外资之路。人生一世,草木一秋。我们不知道他是否早有生命的预感,在 1979年的谈判桌上就提出“10年”这个限期,以“ 1美元”的价格把饭店股权卖给祖 国。在这个圆满的句号画上后,他オ放心地离开人世,而他为中国旅游业发展所做 的贡献,永载青史。
  
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“强”吃牛肉“软”戒烟
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The CNTA sent a telegram of condolences. Let us not forget this devoted son of China from overseas. Fearless of risks, he paved the way for China to welcome foreign investment. A human life is as ephemeral as a season of growing grass or falling leaves. We can’t be sure whether he had some premonition of his life's timeline, when he proposed a ten-year limit in the negotiations of 1979, selling his hotel's equity back to his homeland for a symbolic ‘one dollar’. With this graceful conclusion, he peacefully departed from this world, his contributions to the development of China’s tourism industry forever etched in history. 
  
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师长张建平站在新飞机上,向欢呼的人群招手。人群中有时任军委委员、国防 部部长迟浩田及国务院有关部委的负责人。张建平与另ー飞行员刚为大家进行了 ー场扣人心弦的飞行表演。他们起飞300米即垂直拉起,ー个反斤斗,接着双机密 集并列画“ 8 ”字,低空横滚……双机起飞,双机落地,好不干净利落！
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往事已成历史,但大量的记忆令我们深思:为什么当初那么多饭店的建设都需 要邓小平亲自过问、亲自批示,要总理和副总理,还有全国人大常委会副委员长批 示、画圈,才能做成?国家领导人以下的不少干部,也是职权不小的领导干部,而且 应该是具体担当职责的干部,为什么不敢担当,有的人还积极地成为阻碍者呢?仅 仅用“当时人们思想观念不解放”来描述,是否真实?
  
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然而,愈是听到这褒奖的掌声,愈是听到这赞美的欢呼,他的心愈是惴惴不安。 邓小平同志17年前的一段话老是响在他的耳边:“新的武器装备ー来,行不行呀? 懂不懂呀?指挥能力够不够呀?就是自己行,下面的人行不行呀?你不训练,就是 不行。”
 
  
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邓小平同志17年前的预见,与他今天面临的现实可以说不差分毫。“进了 X X师,人人减エ资,当官十几年,进了新兵连。”这段在军官中流传的戏谑的顺ロ溜, 描画出他部下ー些人的心态。新飞机的续航能力强,过去若干个架次才能完成的 课目,现在ー个架次即可完成。因此飞行时间相对少了 ,飞行时间少了,飞行补贴 也就少了,所谓“人人减エ资”,此之谓也。对此,飞行员们不过说说而不会当真。 但要改变当“新兵”的状况,却不是上几堂政治课、突击几个回合就能解决的。在 一定意义上说,这需要进行“脱胎换骨”的改造。
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The past has become history, but a wealth of memories provoke deep reflection. Why was it that the construction of so many hotels required the personal involvement and approval of Deng Xiaoping? Why did it require the signatures and approval of the Prime Minister and Vice Prime Minister, and even the Deputy Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress to get things done? There were numerous officials below the national leaders, many of whom held significant powers and duties - why did they hesitate to take responsibility? Why did some even actively hinder progress? Is it truly accurate to describe this merely as ‘people’s mindset at the time was not liberalized enough’? 
  
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现代化的装备,呼唤现代化的人才;尖端的新装备,只有靠尖端的人来掌握。 ー项新技术,一件新装备,即使再先进再尖端,少数几个人掌握它也许并不难。他 们或有这方面的天才和特殊的灵感,能够“心有灵犀一点通”;或有扎实的基本功 和超人的勤奋,能够“春江水暖鸭先知” 〇出ー两个“天才”式的顶尖人物,只能做 精彩的表演,而无法让部队全面形成战斗カ。现在,张建平的手里已经握着几张 “王牌”,可以表演出令人眼花缭乱、心惊肉跳的空中格斗,但是要整团整师的飞行 员都变成尖子,飞出一流水平来,还有成片的荆棘需要清除,成堆的困难需要克服。
 
  
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许多困难,有些他已经考虑到了,并采取了果断措施克服,有些却是他未曾充 分估计到的。
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问题恐怕不在观念陈旧,也不是不聪明,而是作为ー个人、ー个领导者,在过去 的年代中,应有的独立思考功能受损,无法创造性开展工作。
  
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对飞行员的文化、身体、年龄以及飞行基础,张建平该考虑的都考虑到了:学历 要大本,身体要甲等,年龄要35岁以下,飞行要900小时以上……对于他提出的这 些苛刻要求,空军首长无不言听计从,有求必应。人员先在军区空军范围内挑,不 够可在全空军内挑,挑谁给谁。“大换血”式的人员调整,已使他的队伍今非昔比, 面貌一新。但同时他又落了个“狠心”的名声。所谓旧的不去,新的不来。进新人 就得出旧人。偌大一个师,オ筛出几个人上新飞机?多年的老部下老战友被调走, 双方的心情都不是好受的。尤其是ー些原在外地的干部,“过五关斩六将”,费了 牛劲调回到“家门口”,新飞机一来,又被“赶”到该去的地方,难免要掉下无可奈何 的泪来。
 
  
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而对于飞行员身体素质,张建平想不到会有如此之大的差距。在新飞机上,有 的飞行员飞1个小时就感到疲劳,有的甚至出现眩晕和十分危险的“黑视”现象 （瞬间啥也看不见）。显然,此乃身体素质不适应新装备所致。按空军的行话讲, 主要是抗载荷能力达不到要求。战斗机飞行员与民航机的不一样,除了必须有更 为壮健的身体外,还必须穿上抗载荷服。否则,在强大的载荷力作用下,轻则受伤, 重则不堪设想。在飞特技时,抗载荷能力要求更高。而开新飞机,要具备比飞老飞 机强许多的抗载荷カ。
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The issue likely isn't about being stuck in old ways of thinking or lacking intelligence. Instead, as individuals and leaders in those years, their capacity for independent thinking had been compromised, hindering their ability to work creatively. 
  
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身体素质不行,锻炼!飞行军官们每天练长跑,ー跑就是5000米;打篮球,踢 足球,一打就是ー个半小时。谁要说他们锻炼不刻苦,那是睁眼说瞎话。按照常 规,经过一段时间的刻苦锻炼,他们的身体素质应该提高,抗载荷能力应该增强。 然而,不知为什么,飞行员在飞机上反而感到更加疲劳。经测试,抗载荷能力非但 没有提高,反而降低了!
 
  
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于是乎,空军航空医学研究所的专家们被请了来。专家一席话,让训练组织者 顿感羞愧:“你们练的是耐力,而不是抗载荷カ。长跑、踢球之类的运动叫有氧锻 炼,而提高抗载荷能力必须靠无氧锻炼。何谓无氧锻炼?即瞬间缺氧的运动,如短 跑、举重等增强爆发カ的项目是也。”
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邓小平为什么那么明智、高瞻远瞩?有一个重要因素是他能够独立思考。ー 个民族,需要许许多多富有责任感且能够独立思考的人,オ可能大踏步地开展创造 性工作,オ会复兴。
  
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想不到锻炼还有这许多名堂。常人按常规办法锻炼,就能增强体质;非常之人 如飞行员对身体有特殊的要求,就得按特殊需要来锻炼。专家们根据每个飞行员 的不同情况,制订出不同的体能训练计划,大大增加了无氧训练的比重,减少了有 氧训练的比重。其中,尤其突出了短跑和哑铃、杠铃、拉カ器、自行车等配套综合练 习项目。只是,综合练习器械完备的健身房飞行部队过去就有,但很少有人问津, 总觉得那是ー种贵族运动。从电视上看到外国人上健身房,便讥之曰“玩派”，“锻 炼还要那玩意吗?到室外跑ー跑,既呼吸新鲜空气又节约,还不照常锻炼?”现在オ 发现,不是人家“玩派”,而是自己“ 土老帽” 了。仔细想想;土老帽”讥笑科学的事 还少吗?不只在锻炼上。
 
  
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航空医学专家们还给飞行员们规定了强制性食谱。所谓如饥似渴,饥渴的滋 味谁都知道不好受,但强迫你吃不愿吃的东西,那滋味却不是每个人都能体会到 的。喝苦口的中药,硬着头皮喝几服便行了,而强迫你吃东西可是日复一日难有穷 期。飞行员本都是“杂食”,但毕竟各有各的口味。有的不爱吃牛肉、羊肉,有的不 爱吃鱼,有的见到黄油便恶心,有的闻到奶味便腻味。现在顾不了那许多,得拿出 “牺牲奉献”的精神来,填鸭式地往嘴里填。只不过填鸭是人硬往鸭嘴里塞,飞行 员是自己硬塞到口中。你若玩猫腻儿剩下来,对不起,有人监督着你。我们这支由 小米加步枪起家的部队,从井冈山的红米饭、南瓜汤到延安的小米、黑豆,指挥员从 来都是为部队吃不饱而发愁,也许未曾想到今天在飞行部队里要为把高能量食品
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Why was Deng Xiaoping so wise and far-sighted? One key factor is his ability to think independently. A nation needs a multitude of responsible individuals capable of independent thought. Only then can they stride confidently in creative endeavors, leading to a renaissance. 
  
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硬吃下去而发愁。尽管营养学家们一直呼吁讲究吃的科学,但中国人仍然不肯放 弃那点爱吃什么便吃什么,想吃什么便吃什么的自由。
 
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欧洲的足球运动员上场像公牛,我国的足球运动员上场像面条,原因很多,其 中之一是对吃的自由理解不了。真正的吃的自由,乃是科学饮食的自由。我们的 飞行员们在吃上先行了一步,开始从满足嘴巴的需要向满足工作的需要迈进。
 
  
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科学的锻炼和科学的饮食,取得了超出预想的效果。飞行员们在新飞机上普 遍感到精力充沛。有的原先飞1个小时就感到疲劳,现在飞4个小时也毫无倦意。 科学测试表明:飞行员的抗载荷能力,已大大提高,基本适应了新飞机的需要。人 人都喊良药苦,药到病除始觉甜。正是如此。现在,飞行灶上再也见不到哭丧着脸 硬塞牛、羊肉的情景了,代之以满面春风,按食谱进餐如饮醇醪也。新装备使驾驭 它的人改变了饮食习惯。
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3.韩克华走马上任
  
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这里用近年来流行的一句话,叫作“不服不行”。你想驾驭我吗?那就得按我 的规矩练,按我的规矩吃!
 
  
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新飞机的冲击波甚至使飞行员的个人嗜好也发生了改变。酒,是飞行前严格 禁饮的。但在没有飞行任务时,喝上两杯也并无不可。节假日无值班任务,有的飞 行员可谓海量。自改装新飞机之后,飞行员即使原来馋酒的也绝无再饮者,连啤酒 也不沾了。何耶?新飞机对飞行员行为能力要求更高了,必须时刻保持清晰的思 维及注意力,保持对飞行因素如缺氧、过度负荷及前庭刺激的稳定性。再说烟。以 往飞行员见面时相互递支烟,聚会时发上一圈烟,人之常情,社交之常事。可现在 你即使主动给他让烟,他是死活不会再吸了。在飞行员宿舍里,已无一人抽烟,“瘾 君子”已被“完全、彻底、干净、全部地消灭之”。新飞机的警告比医学家吸烟致癌 的“威胁”更为有效。因为在三度空间的大载荷下,你的气管即使有一点感觉不到 的毛病,或者胸部肌肉力量稍有欠缺,吸进去的气就可能呼不出来,到时候谁也没 有办法来帮助你。还有打扑克之类,曾经是飞行员们闲暇的主要消遣。奇怪的是, 新飞机一来,扑克迷们便销声匿迹了。他们干什么去了呢?不是上了健身房,就是 埋在了书本中。新飞机对身体素质和文化素质的高要求,迫使你放弃纯粹的消遣。 新飞机简直成了一个无处不在、无所不管的幽灵。
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3. Han Kehua Took Office
  
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当然,新飞机对飞行员最大的考验还是在空中。他们虽然都是大学生,但要熟 悉驾驶、领航、火控诸系统,要熟悉数十种故障提示,要适应高强度高智力的飞行要 求,显然步步都须艰苦跋涉。我们暂且撇开这复杂的技术问题,单讲ー个黑匣子。
 
  
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新飞机上的黑匣子,是ー个训练监控系统。飞行员在空中干了什么、说了什 么,它可以完整记录下来。对于个别飞行中避难就易,甚至虚晃一枪的人来说,它 无疑是ー个严厉的裁判员。在改飞新飞机前,曾有过这样的例子:某飞行员因身体 和技术素质不够,每次飞特技课目时便远远溜ー圈,看看时间够了便飞回来。因为 飞机上天后,不可能再派ー架飞机去专门盯着他,所以领导还以为他认真完成了训 练任务。等到真考核时,他オ露了馅。他的日记中写道:“我最怕飞特技项目,ー听 特技便打战……”教训十分沉痛,但解决这ー问题并无良策。黑匣子的出现,使训 练监控落到了实处。你的训练质量如何,黑匣子拿出来ー放,领导ー看便明白了, 自己也明白了。团长张宝忠举了一个小例子:飞机着陆要求有个最佳角度,过去用 肉眼看,你说他大了,他往往不服气。你的眼睛又不是角度器,看得就那么准,连1 度2度都能区别开来?现在谁也不争,看黑匣子的记录就行。有个飞行员着陆角 度为14度,比规定的10-12度超出2度。二话不说,作检讨,查原因,研究改正办 法。这要在过去,又是一件“无头案”,最后首长拍板,拍了下面也不服气。
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1981年春,原任外交部副部长的韩克华调任国家旅游局局长兼党组书记,面 对的首要问题是“局社分家”,这是在开放实践中悟出的必要变革。此前,从国家 旅游局局领导到各司司长,经常担任“消防队”的角色,被住宿、机票等问题搞得焦 头烂额,接待任务也主要在北京,因此被戏称为“管天子脚下” 〇
  
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在新飞机装备下来时,时任军委副主席刘华清曾指示“尽快开飞”。空军某师 快到了什么程度呢?在师长张建平、大队长率永利等教练员的指导下,仅用2个月 的时间已完成两种气象的飞行。这不是吹的,有黑匣子为证。当然这仅仅是起步。
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In the spring of 1981, Han Kehua, previously the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, was appointed as the Director and Party Group Secretary of the CNTA. His primary challenge was the separation of administrative and business operations within the Bureau, a crucial reform conceived from experiences with openness and reform. Before this, from the leaders of the CNTA to each department head, they often had to play the role of a “fire brigade”, constantly putting out fires caused by issues with accommodations, air tickets, and the like. They were so swamped that they had little time for anything else. Most reception tasks were mainly in Beijing, thus they were jokingly referred to as those “managing the land under the emperor’s feet”.
  
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突破“瓶颈”:ー张小小的卡片
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局社分家后,国旅总社统ー经营外国旅游者来华旅游业务,实行企业化管理; 国家旅游局作为管理全国旅游事业的行政机构,不再直接经营组团和接待任务,统 ー管理全国旅游工作,就被称为“管天下” 了。
  
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当我们把眼光聚在天上,观看新战斗机的精彩表演时,也许不曾想到制约新战 斗机尽快形成战斗力的“瓶颈”不是在天上,而是在地下。
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After the separation of administrative and business operations, the CITS took over the business of managing inbound tourism for foreign travelers, implementing a corporate management style. The CNTA, as the administrative body managing national tourism, no longer directly operated group tours and reception tasks. Its role transformed into overseeing national tourism affairs, which was colloquially referred to as “managing the world”. 
  
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飞机飞得再高,是从地上起飞的;飞得再远,也得回到地上。地上有航空的港 ロ,有飞机的家。“家里人”虽不像空中骄子那般可与日月争辉,可与彩霞媲美,但 “儿行千里母担忧” 〇飞机出发,备好一切为之送行;飞行归来,为之洗尘为之保养 为之补给。即便飞机翱翔于蓝天之上,“家里人”也没有片刻的安闲,就像ー个放 风筝的人,盼望着好风凭借カ,送汝上青云,又担心大风吹断了手中的线。多少祝 福,多少担忧,一升一降,ー颠ー簸,情系魂绕,地勤机务人员之于飞机,绝不亚于慈 母之于游子。
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这是ー项难度颇大的重要改革。经一年努力,1982年7月,国家旅游总局与国 旅总社分开办公,各司其职,结束了自1964年以来长达18年的局社合一格局。8 月,中国旅行游览事业管理总局更名为中华人民共和国国家旅游局,由外交部代管 局升格为国务院直属局。
  
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然而,新飞机的到来,使“家里人”与“游子”之间产生了一条我们不曾预料到 的鸿沟。虽然与调整飞行员ー样,机务人员也全都换成了大专以上的科班生,但仅 靠文凭并未填平这条新的鸿沟。
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This marked a significant reform that was challenging to implement. After a year of hard work, in July 1982, the office of the CNTA and CITS, each taking on its respective duties. This ended the 18-year-long model of unified management since 1964. In August, the General Administration of China Travel and Tourism was renamed the National Tourism Administration of the People's Republic of China, upgrading from being under the purview of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to being directly subordinate to the State Council. 
  
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旧型飞机加油严禁通电,新型飞机则必须通电。就这ー个小小的改变,竟吓得 我们一位大专毕业的机械师不敢动手。通电之后出事咋办?头脑中根深蒂固的老 规定,颇像老太太几十年固守的老习惯ー样,自然地抵制着新规定。某日夜航,飞 机已插入夜空。一位机械师满头大汗地跑来向机务副大队长王长生报告,“我少加 了X百公斤油”〇 ー架飞机少加几百公斤油,如果飞行员不觉察,这架飞机就可能 因燃料耗尽而无法返航。王长生立马报告塔台指挥员,通知飞行员注意油表,控制
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从“管脚下”到“管天下”,标志着中国旅游业新的飞跃。韩克华感到肩上的担 子重了。“天下”那么多问题,从何入手?如何才能运筹帷幄,决胜千里?
  
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飞行时间。加油,应该说是一件并不复杂的工作,为什么还会出差错呢?新飞机的 加油量是按公斤（质量）来计算的,而我们的加油设备是按公升（容积）来计算的。 因此,每次加油必须进行ー次质量、容积的换算。我们这位机械师忘了换算,稀里 糊涂地把1公升当1公斤“卖”了出去。幸亏他在飞机起飞不久便想了起来。
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The shift from “managing the land under the emperor’s feet” to “managing the world” symbolized a new leap for China’s tourism industry. Han Kehua felt the weight of the responsibility on his shoulders. With so many issues in the entire tourism sector, where should he begin? How could he strategize and achieve success on such a grand scale?
  
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想起来了,便避免了一次隐患,如果想不起来呢?这使机务处处长王伦文想起 ー个统计数据:空军!986,1987两年发生的维修事故中,“错、忘、漏”导致的事故占 28%之多。而”’错、忘、漏”的核心是“忘”,即我们以往在分析事故原因时常说的 “没有想到”。旧型飞机我们摸了多少年,已经积累了丰富的维护保养和检查修理 的经验,尚且会出现“没有想到”的情况,新飞机オ刚到,又将会出现多少“没有想 到”呢?
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国务院提出,今后一个时期发展旅游事业的方针是:“积极发展,量カ而行,稳 步前进。”要做的事情很多,但韩克华没有料到,有一个亟待解决的问题是厕所 问题。
  
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旧型飞机的机务分为传统的四大专业:机械、军械、特设、无线;新飞机一下增 加至17个专业,其中火控、电子对抗、导弹、飞行参数测试等,过去基本未曾接触, 即使是传统已有的专业,也增加了全新的内容。一句话,全变成了计算机程序控 制。在某种意义上说,如今的机务人员都变成了专业计算机工程师,对飞机的检 测、保养与修理须臾离不开计算机。过去要找到ー个故障,几个小时能找到便算 “大腕”,几天找不到也不稀奇,而现在计算机只需几分钟甚至几秒钟,便能一目了 然地告诉你故障在哪。如果说传统的机务在很大程度上要靠经验的话,那么现在 主要是靠程序。规范化的程序ー步也不可少,因而“错、忘、漏”带来的危险变得更 大了, 一次“没有想到”后果就不堪设想。
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The State Council proposed that the future policy for tourism development should be: “To actively develop, proceed according to capacity, and advance steadily.” There were numerous tasks to handle, but what Han Kehua hadn't anticipated was that a pressing issue needing resolution was the condition of public toilets. 
  
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作为管理专家,就是要通过管理来消灭“没有想到”,而要你“必须想到”,不想 到便让你过不去。过去为消灭“没有想到”,记不清开了多少次会,分析了多少次 原因,无非是“业务不熟练”“责任心不强”“把关不严”,等等。不错,这些都是造成 “没有想到”的原因,但为什么会“责任心不强”“把关不严”呢?王伦文、许来华、王 长生等机务专家开始怀疑我们沿用了多少年的机务条例和制度了。这套制度以 《工作日记》为核心依据。所谓《工作日记》,就是机械师将每日的工作,如发现、排 除故障,维护保养的项目等,逐项记录下来。领导以此作为了解飞机技术状况的基 础。这种建立在人的觉悟和责任心基础上的制度,在实践中的漏洞是明显的。最 主要的是常常出现“没有想到”的情况,哪个机件的使用寿命到了,该更换了,“没 有想到”;哪项周期性工作该进行了,“没有想到”;哪一部分该保养了,“没有想 到”……一方面有许多“没有想到”,一方面又做了许多不需做的工作。曾经有这 样ー个例子,有架飞机的起落架上的ー个轮胎刹车有问题,原因是新换了轮胎而未 能调整好。这只轮胎是谁换的?什么时候换的?查遍了《工作日记》竟无一人记
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今天有人说,旅游业在开放中抓了最难的两头建设,ー是冲击头脑的保守观 念,二是管了最脏的厕所卫生。当年国外媒体则批评:“中国人只讲究进口（餐 饮）,不讲究出口（厕所卫生）。”厕所的脏臭不改善,不仅直接影响旅游业发展,更直接损害礼仪之邦的文明形象。
  
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载,成了一笔无头账。显然,旧的机务工作制度已到了非改不可的时候了。
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Today, some say that in its evolution, the tourism industry tackled the two most challenging areas: shattering conservative mindsets, and managing the cleanliness of the most unsanitary places - public toilets. Foreign media at the time criticized, “Chinese people only care about importing (catering), but not exporting (toilet hygiene).” Without improving the unclean and smelly toilets, it would not only directly affect the development of the tourism industry, but also damage the civilized image of our nation, once known as a land of etiquette. 
  
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如何改?王伦文的眼睛盯在一本杂志上。该杂志介绍了国外一种全新的机务 保障方法:所有工程机务人员参加机务准备工作,必须备有“检查项目表”和“工作 卡”,前者是从事机务准备工作要做的维修检查项目清单,后者是指定工作的派エ 单。几行简单的介绍,让他的眼睛突然明亮起来。这简直就是专为我们开的药方, 简直就是专门对付“错、忘、漏”的制度!学习西方发达国家的先进管理经验,上级 讲了多少次,可我们许多同志常常认为这是地方上的事,似乎与己无关。然而,当 新装备将旧的管理制度远远抛在后头的时候,这ー问题不得不摆上工作日程。
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厕所非小事。修建公厕,成为当务之急,重中之重!
  
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学习世界先进的机务工程管理办法的议题,从机务工作会议提到了师党委的 会议桌上。对于旧制度的落后,师长张建平早在当团长的时候就深有感触,并且亲 自主持过一次改革。那时,有近三分之一的飞机因机务保障跟不上而停飞。他深 入调查解剖,一下抓住了问题的症结:由于机务人员由各中队调配,每个中队人数 最少的专业分队能保障多少飞机,就出动多少飞机。每个中队均有弱项又均有强 项,各中队的弱项累计起来,岂能不“王小二过年”?张建平让大家换一下脑筋,将 各中队各自为战改为大队统ー调度,以甲中队之强项补乙中队之弱项,乙中队之强 项补丙中队之弱项……如此优势互补,则强项更强,弱项也变强。此项改革使飞机 出动率提高一倍以上。他的改革与当今世界先进管理水平有相似之处,但在质量 控制、消灭“错、忘、漏”上仍有差距。这除了未曾想那么细之外,主要是受旧的机 务制度的束缚,不敢扔掉那本沿袭了几十年的《工作日记》制度。新飞机的到来给 机务改革带来了新的契机,到了该扔掉《工作日记》,用先进的制度代替它的时 候了!
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Public toilets were no trivial matter. Constructing public restrooms became a priority of priorities! 
  
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师长、政委拍板了:“改!”不过在改之前,先得将要学习的东西搞清楚。他们 一方面找有关中外文的资料,一方面派人到地方去请教。
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当年的旅游厕所,是个什么状况?
  
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果然,当机务副大队长王长生一行来到某航空公司考察时,发现他们先进的机 务保障早已将《工作日记》式的旧制度抛到后头。撇开复杂的技术问题,可以用两 个词来形容:大开眼界、豁然开朗。过去是民航学空军,现在倒过来,王长生感慨不 已。不改革开放,就没有出路,就要落后！
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But what was the situation with public toilets in tourism back then? 
  
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在经过剧烈的“阵痛”之后,ー项新的机务保障制度诞生了。说白了,她不过 是ー种小小的卡片,由一张张“工作指令卡”组成的“机务工作卡片制度”。一般人 也许会感到她枯燥无味,毫无魅力,但管理专家会感到奥妙无穷,美不胜收。
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旱厕居多,异味明显,无人看管。许多景区厕所年久失修。有的屋顶渗漏,蛛 网盘结;有的厕门损坏,内墙剥离;有的地流黄水,难以插足。有些卫生状况好些 的,又全是蹲坑,老年外宾很不习惯,特别是胖老太太,根本蹲不下去。
  
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你瞧,她把管理上的那个循环圈封闭得多圆。干什么?谁去干?干得怎样? 还有什么问题?卡片从质控中心出来,又回到质控中心去,ー个圈圈画得圆,领导
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The majority of toilets were pit latrines, emitting a strong stench, with no one to maintain them. Many public restrooms at tourist sites had been neglected for years. Some had leaky roofs and were filled with cobwebs, others had broken doors and peeling inner walls, while others had dirty yellow water flowing across the floor, making them practically unusable. Even the relatively clean ones were all squat toilets, which were uncomfortable for elderly foreign tourists, particularly overweight older women who found it impossible to squat. 
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者一目了然。
 
  
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你再瞧,她把人的行为约束得多规矩。卡片规定你干什么,你就得干什么,干 ー项签一项字,出了差错,你跑也跑不掉。如前所说,新飞机的机务已由经验型变 为程序型,你必须按卡片规定的程序来干,卡片专治你的“健忘症” 〇
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某些景区没有厕所,只是简陋至极的小“茅坑”,脏得简直无处踏脚,臭气冲 鼻,坑下蛆虫蠕动,硬着头皮进去方便一下,能叫你恶心半天。京旅211团菲律宾 籍的官女士在某风景点上厕所,刚进去就跳了出来,没走多远,在树下直吐。她的 丈夫气得挥舞双臂说:“再也不能来这里了。”
  
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你再瞧,她简直够得上是ー个立法、行政、执行三权分立而又紧密结合的“政 权”。卡片上的指令好比法律条文,机务人员按法条“行政”,质检组负责监督,复 查后也在卡片上签字。如此环环相扣,天衣无缝。
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Certain scenic spots didn't have proper restrooms, only rudimentary pit latrines that were so filthy it was hard to find a place to step. The overwhelming smell, the sight of maggots writhing at the bottom of the pit, and the mere thought of having to use these facilities were enough to turn one's stomach. A Filipino lady from the Beijing Tour 211 group had a particularly unpleasant experience. After using a restroom at a tourist site, she rushed out and didn’t get far before she started vomiting under a tree. Her husband, furious, waved his arms around and declared, “We can never come here again.” 
  
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这个全新的制度,使机务信息回收率达到100%,各个专业基本维护内容共54 项周期性工作和有寿机件的控制从未发生过一次差错。一言以蔽之:即使你想 “错、忘、漏”,她也不让你“错、忘、漏” 了。
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在浙江某些区域,当地厕所都是“敞篷式”的,甚至建在街旁的厕所,无门无遮 挡,ー览无余,外宾望而生“羞”〇当地彼此熟悉的男女上厕所时,还挺自然地互相 说话,传递手纸。
  
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“瓶颈”就这样被突破了。她给人们的启示可以写ー篇长篇论文,但有一条也 许是不为外人所注意的,那就是现代军官必须至少懂得一门外语。
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In certain regions of Zhejiang, local toilets were of an “open-air” design, even those built beside the streets, completely exposed without doors or any form of screening. Foreign tourists blushed at the sight of such openness, while locals, familiar with one another, naturally chatted and passed toilet paper among themselves while using the facilities. 
  
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军官要懂一门外语,早在100多年前,克劳塞维茨和约米尼便提出了这ー要 求。他们之所以提出这ー要求是立足于打国际战争和境外作战。现在我们可以撇 开境外作战这一点,仅从掌握现代化的武器装备和学会现代化的管理上讲,掌握外 语也成了最起码的要求。道理十分简单,你连外文资料都看不懂,何谈了解国际信 息?因此,你见到军官们用外语会话,业余时间叽里呱啦地念外语时,千万别误会 这里是外国语学院。就连政治委员邓铜山,口袋里也装着外语单词的卡片,有空就 摸出来念一下。
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当时有个广为流传的笑话,说ー个外国游客,好不容易凭嗅觉找到了公厕。ー 进门,只见坑槽污迹斑斑,气味刺鼻,赶紧跑出来“打的”往下榻的五星级宾馆,以 解内急。许多地方都出现不同版本、内容相似的笑谈。报刊时而冒出“公厕臭名远 扬”“如厕难于上青天”的批评文章。
  
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邓政委莞尔一笑地说:“在高技术部队当领导,手下的军官几乎都是大学生,要 不懂点外语,ー涉及国外最新信息,就像聋子对话,还谈何领导?”他谈起新飞机刚 来时调整机务人员的一段往事:“我们原想起用一些老中专生当机务部队的领导, 为啥呢?中专生听话。可事实无情,他们听领导的话,但新飞机不听他们的话。上 级也提醒我们说,别自己不懂技术,不会领导,还木匠的斧头一面砍,说什么大学生 不听话。现代化的装备一定要交给有现代知识的人,要选懂现代化的人当领导。 思想弯好转,感情弯难转。’老中专’们过去是立过汗马功劳的,但也得狠心地淘 汰。最后全师オ挑出22名合格者保障新飞机,其他全从外面调进。正是依靠这些 新人,オ托起了新飞机的翅膀。”他特别提到一位27岁的特设师季耀勤。此人翻译 出20余万字的有关资料,对机务技术的提高起了重要作用。
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A widely circulated joke at the time told of a foreign tourist who, after much difficulty, managed to locate a public toilet by its smell. Upon entering, he was greeted by a filthy pit and an overpowering stench. He hastily fled and hailed a taxi to return to his five-star hotel to relieve himself. Similar anecdotes abounded, with different versions popping up in many places. Criticisms such as “public toilets with a stinky reputation” and “going to the toilet is harder than ascending to the sky” occasionally appeared in newspapers. 
  
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随着机务“瓶颈”的突破,新飞机的训练成绩直线上升,已有许多飞行员能飞 四种气象,包括导弹、火箭在内的打靶成绩项项全优。无论是在训练内容上,还是 在训练难度上,都创造了前所未有、令人耳目一新的奇迹。
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再ー个问题是公厕严重不足。这种情况在热门风景名胜区和全国重点旅游城 市尤为突出。厕所门口排队等候是许多风景区一道令人尴尬的“风景”。排队上 厕所的窘况,比排别的队难堪。
  
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物质是第一性的。恩格斯在《反杜林论》中曾经指出,新兵器的出现将强制性 地迫使战术发生改变。其实,改变的远不止战术,它给部队带来的是全方位的变 革。邓政委像个哲学家似的说:“在所有这些变革中,人的观念的转变是关键。如 果说机务滞后曾经是新飞机尽快形成战斗力的’瓶颈’,那么落后的人才观则是部 队现代化建设的’瓶颈’。等到新装备来强迫我们突破这ー’瓶颈’时,就会显得晚 了些。”
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Another issue was the serious shortage of public toilets. This was especially prominent in popular scenic spots and major tourist cities nationwide. Queuing up to use the toilet became an embarrassing “sight” at many tourist sites. Queuing for the toilet was more embarrassing than queuing for anything else. 
  
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并非尾声
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上海冒出个新行当一“导厕”,因为在上海繁华街市找不到厕所的问题尤其 突出,游客内急找不到厕所,没有人“导”,这事不得了。七转ハ弯,带到了游客的 “向往之地”,看到的是一列长队,还得等!这时刻游客往往满头大汗,女士化的妆 也被汗水冲得容颜复杂,等啊等……经过万般着急难堪的等待,当你大气长舒走出 厕门时,方觉天下什么是幸福。
  
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三朵报春花捎来ー份“索礼单”
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A new profession even emerged in Shanghai called a “toilet guide”, as it was especially difficult for tourists to find public restrooms in Shanghai's bustling streets. When tourists urgently needed to find a toilet and no one was there to guide them, the situation was dire. After winding their way through seven turns and eight bends, they were led to their “desired destination,” only to be met by a long queue, and they had to wait! At these moments, tourists were often sweating profusely, with ladies' makeup smeared by the sweat, forming complex patterns on their faces as they waited... After enduring all this anxiety and embarrassment, the sense of relief when you finally walked out of the restroom made you realize what true happiness felt like. 
  
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曾经以为现代化是那样遥远,想不到她正一步紧ー步地走近我们,以至于她已 经投入我们的怀抱,而我们还不知晓。上述陆、海、空三支部队的报告,恰如三朵报 春花。春天既然到了,好梦将要圆了,我们何苦被动地“为伊消得人憔悴”?何不 做好准备主动向她奔去?
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韩克华下决心要解决厕所问题。
  
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她不欢迎两手空空、腹中空空的求爱者,因而我们必须准备一份起码的见面 ネL。三朵报春花为她捎来ー份“索礼单”,就像一位执拗的未婚妻所开的索礼单ー 样,你要不照单行事,她就要与你“拜拜”。与恋爱不同的是,我们有许多挑选对 象,ー个不成可以再来第二个,而现代化只有一个,非娶她不可以强军强国。因此, 我们只有老老实实地研究这份“索礼单”,并抓紧准备齐全。这份“索礼单”目前有 以下内容（军官类）：
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Han Kehua was determined to solve the toilet issue.
  
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身体素质:强健。海军、空军与陆军特种兵中的某些专业如飞行员等,必须 达到“甲A”（千万不可把カ气与身体素质等同起来。装备愈先进,操纵它愈省力 气,但对身体综合素质的要求更高,尤其是脑カ消耗成倍增加,疲劳程度更甚）〇
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厕所问题并非难登大雅的话题。
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A.
 
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B.文化素质:大专以上,陆军特殊专业及海军、空军需大本,计算机、外语为必 备基础（新装备新就新在计算机控制上）〇
 
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C.
 
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D.C・军事素质:熟悉本专业并懂相关专业及诸兵种合同战术（除单兵武器外,其 他武器都将是系统工程,子系统合成母系统,单打ー的军官将无法执行勤务）。
 
  
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D・精神、心理素质:在“硬”打击尤其是在“软”打击面前意志坚定,镇定自若;
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Toilet issues were not an unseemly topic. 
  
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既有群胆,又有孤胆,具有单车、单舰、单机作战能力（武器愈先进,其自身合成程度 愈高,独当一面、单独执行任务的机会愈多,其成败对全局的关系愈大）〇拿破仑关 于“在战争中,精神之于物质是三比ー”的名言并未过时。
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古有欧阳修构想文章来自“马上、枕上、厕上”之说,想其厕所必是洁净如居。 康有为在《大同书》中就大谈理想之厕:“以机激水,淘荡秽气,花露喷射,花香扑 鼻,有图画神仙之迹,令人超观思玄;有音乐微妙之音,令人和平清静。”
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如果我们能达到这份“索礼单”的要求,人与武器的结合就将是ー对“恩爱夫 妻”;否则充其量不过是ー对“捆绑夫妻”,她将处处与我们闹别扭。上述三支部队 的实践已经从正反两方面证明了这一点。但是,仅靠换装的部队来备齐这份“索礼 单”显然是不现实的。正像某坦克团副团长林国民所担忧的:“如果新装备成批地 来,我到哪里去挑人?”因此,与其说新装备是对使用她的人的挑战,不如说是对军 队建设的宏观挑战更为确切。
 
  
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挑战之ー:军官培训标准。自粉碎“四人帮”之后,我军恢复院校培训军官的 制度,形成了高、中、初三级院校培训体制,院校数量远远超过“文革”之前,可谓门 类齐全,首尾衔接,但许多院校毕业生对新装备几乎ー无所知。三军之中,军官文 化程度最高的当数海军。一艘驱逐舰上的军官几乎100%为大专以上文凭,其中 本科又占60%以上。如此高的文化程度,照说使用新装备不成问题,但为什么开 始还不行呢?因为在学校压根儿没见过新装备,教员也没有教过新装备。那种“一 本教材讲一生”的陈旧教育,如桃花源中人,“乃不知有汉,无论魏晋”,已经远远不 适应现代化的要求。令人十分欣慰的是,海军不少院校已采取教员参加新装备的 制造、接装、试训的全过程,然后现场教学的方法,从而整舰、整艇地输送人才,学员 ー毕业即能驾驭新装备。陆军ー些院校也已采取与使用新装备的部队对ロ教学的 方式,培养出合格人才。但是,那种“基层军官不需要多少文化”的说法仍然时不 时地干扰着院校教育,影响着新生入学的文化水准。持这种观点的人,实在是ー种 可悲的目光短浅者。
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Ouyang Xiu, a famous Chinese literati of the Song Dynasty, once said that his essays originated from three places: horseback, pillow, and toilet. It’s clear that his toilet must have been as clean as his living space. Kang Youwei, in his book “The Book of Great Harmony”, described his ideal toilet: “With mechanisms triggering water, eliminating foul air, flower dew spraying, and floral fragrance striking the nose, the sight is like the footprint of an immortal, leading people to contemplate the profound; the sound of subtle music brings peace and tranquility.” 
  
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挑战之ニ:征兵文化标准。现行征兵标准除部分专业要求高中学历外,大部分 为初中学历。无论陆军、海军、空军,都已证明初中生无法在服役期掌握新装备。 一位曾到部队教新装备使用的女工程师说,很简单的问题,有的战士却怎么也弄不 懂。没办法,我得为他们补习高中数理化。奇怪的是补课也听不懂,ー问才知,他 的初中文凭也有水分。很难设想将高技术的新装备交给那些名曰初中实际只有小 学水平的人去掌握。且不说研制者会心疼,就是算经济账也是一种巨大浪费。某 驱逐舰舰长对所属士兵进行了一次文化摸底考试,竟发现其中有两个文盲。要他 们来操纵计算机,那不是天方夜谭吗?再怎么教他也教不会时,也不能怪他,他是 满腔热情来为国家尽义务的。问题的根子在于,ー是征兵标准对文化要求过低,二 是把关不严。使用新装备的三军部队无不建议,至少是在换了新装备的部队,征兵 文化标准应定为高中学历,并经过文化考试的。否则,将严重影响部队现代化 进程。
 
  
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挑战之三:保障体制。首先是“硬”保障。装备愈现代化,其保障比使用更为 复杂。诚如电视机人人会开,但修理电视机非专业人才不可。新装备的磨合期长, 除了部队的人员素质之外,保障滞后至少是同等重要的原因,甚至是更重要的原 因。新装备所缺零部件无处请领,经费远远不够,甚至无经费保障,且现有的修理 人员根本不懂。在坦克某师,就出现了修理分队将新坦克拆开了装不上去的笑话。 新装备一旦出现故障,部队就得找厂家,而一台新装备涉及百余个厂家,部队的困 难可想而知。要新装备尽快形成战斗カ,工程技术保障不跟上是绝对不行的。其 次是“软”保障,新装备到装时,应同时下发相应的操作规程、训练大纲,可惜往往 只有一份厂家的使用说明书……
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清末苏州人外出旅行,都要带便桶。因苏州人不习惯上厕所蹲坑,客栈又无马 桶。讲究的人还带夜壶箱,四四方方像ー只小书箱,上面刻有诗句:“诗清只为饮茶 多。”这诗句中的“诗”和“尿”,在吴方言里是同音。
  
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好梦的确将圆了,春天的气息已经十分浓烈了。年争时,春争分。我们焉能春 眠不觉晓?好梦最后成真的钥匙,毕竟是握在我们自己手里了呵!
 
  
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（原载《解放军文艺》1995年第3期）
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In the late Qing Dynasty, people from Suzhou would carry portable toilets with them when they traveled. People from Suzhou were not accustomed to squatting in the toilet, and there were no chamber pots in the inns. Some refined individuals would even bring along a portable chamber pot box, square like a small book box, with a poem inscribed on it: “The clear poetry comes from drinking lots of tea.” In the Suzhou dialect, poetry and urine are homonyms.
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智慧风暴（节选）
 
  
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王宏甲
 
  
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前记
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厕所是人类日常生活的必备设施,也是人类社会文明进步的标志之一。法国 设有电脑厕所,发行厕所报纸。日本有“厕所节”,每年举办一次“全国公厕日”,届 时议员要亲临公厕现场办公。美国、新加坡等国定期评选“名厕”。
  
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市场陈列着希望,也埋伏着陷阱。你听到钱币里生长出钱币,那是ー种神秘莫 测的声音。计算机正在许多领域取代齿轮,互联网正使人类获得空前的资源共 享……这个世界正在发生重大变革。
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Toilets are an essential facility in human daily life and are also one of the signs of human societal progress. In France, there are computerized toilets and newspapers are distributed in toilets. Japan has a Toilet Festival, and there’s an annual “National Public Toilet Day”, during which lawmakers go to work in public toilets. In the United States, Singapore and other countries, there are regular competitions to elect the best toilets. 
  
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第一章陌生的世界
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过去厕所常被说成“茅房”“茅坑”。开放后,我们也习惯称厕所为“洗手间”
  
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（1948—1966 年）
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In the past, toilets were often referred to as “straw huts” or “straw pits.” After opening up, we also got used to calling toilets “washrooms" or "bathrooms.”
  
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没有什么比“认识”更能影响你的前程,没有什么比“抉择”更能影响人的一 生。人是通辻认识他人和世界,オ使自己聪明和成长的。认识是抉择的前提,是创 造前程的出发点。
 
  
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ー、ー个曲高和寡的神话
 
  
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这是什么?
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“卫生间” 〇国内姑娘们早就把上厕所称为“上一号”“上高楼” 〇
  
 +
Girls in China have long been referring to using the toilet as “going up to No.1” or “going up to the high-rise.” 
  
 +
国外对上厕所的说法更为艺术化。
  
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这是北大方正激光照排系统的基础。
+
Foreign expressions for using the toilet are even more artistic. 
  
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这是知识。
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在人民大会堂宴会间,一位绅士派头十足的英国人走到导游跟前,俯下身子耳语:“May I answer the call of the nature?"（我能去响应一下大自然的召唤吗?）
  
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1975年那个冬天,王选趴在冰凉的桌面上苦思苦算,虽有无限数学想象,也不 会想到在这种算式的基础上生长起来的高技术会使他成为中国大陆第一个获得欧 洲专利的人。
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During a banquet at the Great Hall of the People, a British man full of gentlemanly charm walked up to the tour guide, leaned down and whispered, “May I answer the call of the nature?” 
  
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从知识转变为经济,北大方正在中国高校企业中是一面率先走“产学研”道路 的旗帜,在全国也是ー个曲高和寡的神话。在这个神话中,王选从一名教师变成了 中国科学院、中国工程院和第三世界科学院“三院士”,还是全国人大常委、中国科 协副主席……但要真正认识王选,还得首先忘掉他的成就和荣誉。
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一位澳大利亚人问:“Where is the hap-py-room?”（快乐的房间在哪里?）
  
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1954年的秋风吹动了未名湖畔的树叶,吹起了王选的白衬衫,刚从南方考进 北大的王选,穿一双布鞋,他还是个17岁的学生……
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An Australian asked, “Where is the hap-py-room?” 
  
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二、七宝镇的灯光
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你要能听懂,就会忍不住快乐地笑出声来。
  
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高考前填志愿,王选填了三个:北京大学数学系、南京大学数学系、东北人民大 学数学系。家在上海,没有一个志愿填上海。你可听见20世纪50年代青年的心 声……那是ー个对新中国无限憧憬的时代,胸怀祖国,奔赴远大前程,是许多人心 中真正的志愿。
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If you understand these euphemisms, you can't help but laugh with joy. 
  
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来到北大,王选很快发现自己并不出众。这年北大数学力学系招了 200多名 新生,都是全国各地的数学尖子。同学中还有系着红领巾来的被誉作“神童”的, 那时没有人注意王选。多年后,王选回忆说:“有一批同学的数学才华比我高,有的 不是高一点,而是高很多。比如张恭庆。”
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港澳同胞习惯把如厕称为“唱歌”,他们把这种说法传进国内,现在大部分导 游带团时常说:“下车有唱歌的地方,唱完歌我带你们到更美的地方去游览。”
  
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他第一次强烈地感到,这是北大! ー间大屋住24位同学,冬天没暖气,你依然 感到这里阳光灿烂。新中国人才济济的景象,同样呈现在这摇篮般的陋室。
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Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macau are accustomed to referring to going to the toilet as “singing.” They brought this expression to the mainland, and now most tour guides often say when leading groups, “There is a place to ‘sing’ when you get off the bus, and after you 'finish singing', I'll take you to more beautiful places to visit.” 
  
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“我一生中第一次大的抉择,发生在大学二年级下学期。我要选择专业了。” 王选说。
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当年兴致勃勃而来的中外游客,常因内急而兴致全无,内急心如焚,哪还有心 情观美景?不少游客摇头说:“中国公厕不改善,我们再也不敢来了。”
  
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我不怀疑,这是关乎ー个19岁的青年将来干什么的重大抉择。但是,我仍然 感到,不能忽略他更早的一次抉择。
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Back in the day, tourists who came full of excitement often had their enthusiasm completely extinguished by the urgency of needing a restroom. In such distress, who would be in the mood to enjoy the beautiful scenery? Many tourists shook their heads and said, “If public toilets in China do not improve, we dare not come again.” 
  
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那年他11岁。
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ー个外宾在批评信中尖刻地说:“你们中国可能有最好的大炮,但你们的厕所 像这样,你们还是得不到世界的尊重。”
  
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11岁的王选升入上海南洋模范学校初中部,这是上海最有名的私立学校。可 是,该校初中部在上海郊区七宝镇,去读,就得离家住校,生活自理。时值!948年, 上海兵荒马乱,人心惶惶……王选!93?年2月5日生于上海,“八一三”事变日寇
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One foreign visitor pointedly said in a critique letter, “You Chinese may have the best artillery, but with toilets like this, you still won't get the world's respect.” 
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向上海发动大规模进攻,他オ半岁,战乱中父母把他拉扯大多不容易,现在哪能放 心他独自离家。
 
  
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“不行,你不能去。”大哥说。
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国家旅游局前所未有地郑重召开全国“涉外厕所会议” 〇随即分两批拨款458 万元,在长城、泰山、黄山、苏州园林等主要景区修建167座符合卫生标准的旅游地 厕所,使厕所紧缺问题有所缓解。
  
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“你应该就在我们家附近的这所中学上学。”二姐说。
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The CNTA solemnly convened the unprecedented nationwide “Foreign-Related Toilet Conference”. Subsequently, it allocated 4.58 million yuan in two batches to build 167 tourist toilets in major scenic spots such as the Great Wall, Mount Tai, Huangshan, and Suzhou Gardens that meet hygiene standards, alleviating the problem of toilet shortage. 
  
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王选有两个哥哥和两个姐姐,他们都不同意他去。
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北京颐和园、天坛、碧云寺等处新建成一批卫生厕所。新建厕所有专人管理、 合乎卫生标准,厕所内设有抽水马桶、单人小便池、洗手池、梳妆镜、挂衣钩,还提供 卫生纸、香皂等,并有冬季供暖设备。
  
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王选坚持要去。
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A batch of new sanitary toilets have been built in places such as Beijing's Summer Palace, Temple of Heaven, and Biyun Temple. The newly built toilets are managed by dedicated personnel and meet hygiene standards. The toilets are equipped with flush toilets, single urinals, sinks, makeup mirrors, coat hooks, and provide toilet paper, soap, etc., and have heating equipment for the winter. 
  
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你可以想见,他11岁的抉择,是一件多么不容易的事。
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颐和园是北京热点景区之一,日游客量多达数万人次,园内26个厕所,每天游 客流量少的上千人次,多的达几千人次。保洁员已经有了一个崭新的意识:管理厕 所要像管理客房那样精心。
  
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但是,他成功了。
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The Summer Palace is one of the hotspots in Beijing, with a daily tourist volume of tens of thousands of people. There are 26 toilets in the park, with a daily passenger flow of a few thousand at the least, and several thousand at most. The cleaning staff have developed a brand new understanding: managing toilets should be as meticulous as managing guest rooms. 
  
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田野的气息围绕着郊区学校,某种渴望自主的东西在少年王选身上滋滋地生 长。这恐怕是人生中值得庆祝的ー个事情,这是生长出ー种对一生的抉择都会产 生支持的气质。
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此后,国家旅游局采取出部分资金、地方财政配套的方式,促使各地旅游区都 开始大抓厕所建设与改造。
  
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七宝镇没有电灯,学校的宿舍里用的是煤油灯。透过油灯和王选组成的形象, 我依稀看见王选父母的身影……祖籍江苏无锡的父亲少时到上海求学,一直读到 上海南洋大学,毕业后到ー家国际贸易公司任会计师。母亲出身于书香之家,外祖 父曾东渡日本留学,回国后在晚清的学堂里教过化学……父母的文化素质使他们 最终选择了保护小儿子的个性。
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Afterwards, the CNTA adopted the method of allocating some funds and matching local finance to prompt tourist areas across the country to pay great attention to the construction and renovation of toilets. 
  
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1948年,世界上还发生了一件同王选的未来有关系的事:美国数学家申农提 出了信息论。就在王选奔跑在校园操场上的日子里,信息论日益发展为信息科学 的基础理论之一。同年,美国贝尔实验室的肖克利、巴丁、布拉顿共同发明了晶体 管,电子学领域的ー场革命由此发端。
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今天回头看30年前,我们确实还不知旅游业中有个多么大的世界。不懂要 学,我们毕竟已经有很大的改善。1983年1月,全国旅游系统先进集体先进工作者 表彰大会隆重开幕,这是国家旅游局召开的第一次群英会。时值隆冬,出席大会的304名代表心里都暖乎乎的,他们来自29个省、市、自治区和5个直属单位。
  
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从11岁到19岁,仅仅8年,王选在北大选择专业时已经面对着世界上关于计 算机与航天技术的消息……但是,当时班上最热门的选择是纯数学。
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Looking back 30 years ago today, we really didn't know how big the world of the tourism industry was. We need to learn what we don't understand, but we have indeed made a lot of improvements. In January 1983, the grand opening of the commendation meeting for advanced collectives and advanced workers in the national tourism system took place. This was the first gathering of talents convened by the CNTA. In the midst of a severe winter, the 304 representatives attending the conference from 29 provinces, cities, autonomous regions, and 5 directly affiliated units felt warm inside. 
  
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三、动人的创造从何处萌生
+
广东 深圳西沥水库度假村、苏州市旅游汽车公司、杭州饭店、国旅无锡支社等单位受到 表彰。在受表彰的226名先进工作者中,有翻译导游人员、服务员、厨师、汽车驾驶 员和后勤人员等。
  
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纯数学,真的很迷人。这恐怕要追溯到北大的理科在!952年全国高校院系调 整中得到加强时。那时,北大从城内沙滩原址迁来城外的燕京大学校址,燕大的 文、理、法各科系并入北大,工科并入清华,一些大学的著名理科教授调入北大,加 上马寅初校长非常重视基础课,江泽函、程民德、丁石孙等一流的教授和讲师来任 教一年级的基础课。
+
Units such as Guangdong Shenzhen Xili Reservoir Resort, Suzhou City Tourism Automobile Company, Hangzhou Hotel, and CITS Wuxi Branch were commended. Among the 226 commended advanced workers were interpretors, tour guides, waiters, chefs, car drivers, and logistical personnel. 
  
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老师说,有人讲“上帝是按照数学语言来创世的”。恩格斯写道:“数学在ー门 科学中应用的程度,标志着这门科学的成熟程度。”总之,纯数学的光芒可以照耀到 一切科技领域。至于力学,牛顿建立了经典力学的基本体系也有近300年了。
+
同年2月,国家旅游局首次在北京举办了中国国际旅游会议。大会将使用中、 英、日、德、法、西班牙六种语言,需要安装国际电传、电话以及同声传译等设备,大 家常常忙得连吃饭的时间都没有,几个烧饼就算是午餐。这是中国旅游界与世界 旅游界首次在中国握手。
  
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计算数学是ー个分支学科,北大刚设这门专业,连教材都缺乏,可谓冷清而荒 凉。当学生的谁不想多学点东西?所以选择计算数学的很少,王选就选了这“冷 门”。你会不会问,为什么?
+
In February of the same year, the CNTA held the China International Tourism Conference in Beijing for the first time. The conference used six languages: Chinese, English, Japanese, German, French, and Spanish. International telegraphy, telephones, and simultaneous interpretation equipment needed to be installed. Everyone was often so busy that they didn't have time for meals, and a few baked buns were considered lunch. This was the first handshake between the Chinese tourism industry and the world tourism industry in China. 
  
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多年后,王选看到美国心理学家荣格写的ー个公式:
+
来自45个国家和地区的700多名代表中,有各国旅游部长、旅游局长、民航局 长和其他高级官员,还有各国旅游协会和旅行社的负责人以及旅游记者。世界旅 游组织秘书长罗伯特・洛纳蒂参加了大会,国内有关部门和各省、市、自治区有关 方面的负责人和代表200多人也出席了会议,与会总人数超过千人。
  
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I + We = Fully I
+
Among the more than 700 representatives from 45 countries and regions, there were ministers of tourism, heads of tourism bureaus, heads of civil aviation bureaus, and other high-ranking officials from various countries, as well as the heads of various national tourism associations and travel agencies, and tourism journalists. Robert Lonati, Secretary-General of the World Tourism Organization, attended the conference. More than 200 representatives and officials from domestic departments and provinces, cities, and autonomous regions also attended the meeting, and the total number of participants exceeded a thousand. 
  
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眼前突然ー亮,他觉得这个美国人把他多年来做抉择的方式“抽象”出来了。 在这个式子中I代表“我”，We代表“我们”,相加之和就等于“完整的我” 〇
+
中国与世界的交往从此更加频繁。驻外办事机构从无到有,先后开设了东京、 纽约、洛杉矶、伦敦、巴黎、法兰克福、悉尼7处。至今,增加到17处。
  
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他说他选择计算数学是看了我国1956年1月刚刚制订的12年科学发展远景 规划,“我看到规划中把原子能、自动控制、计算技术列为重点发展学科。周恩来总 理也说,计算技术是我国迫切需要的重点技术。”
+
Contact between China and the world has become more frequent since then. Foreign offices were established from scratch, successively setting up in Tokyo, New York, Los Angeles, London, Paris, Frankfurt, and Sydney, totaling seven. Now, the number has increased to seventeen. 
  
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如果说王选11岁的抉择已很有“我”，19岁的抉择看起来却没有多少“个人意 志”,很像是听从了“国家的需要” 〇
+
1986年1月,经国务院批准成立“中国旅游协会”,这是第一个全国综合性旅 游全行业组织,其英文名称为China Tourism Association( СТА) 〇
  
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其实,这次选择真正的收获是,选择了把“我”与时代的国家的迫切需要相结 合,这将使他在“天时”“地利”上受益。此外,当我们把“需要”抽象出来认识,还可 以注意到,在社会公众的需要中,永远蕴藏着人生的大好前程。
+
In January 1986, the China Tourism Association was established with the approval of the State Council. This was the first comprehensive national tourism industry organization, its English name being the China Tourism Association (CTA). 
  
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至于“冷清与荒凉”,那オ是更容易出彩的地方。没有那么多高大建筑,阳光 会更直接照耀到你的身上。
+
但在发展过程中,旅游业出现了一些陆续冒出来的新问题,如收取回扣、索要 小费、套汇倒汇等现象开始出现。国家旅游局开始抓旅游行业的道德规范教育。 在体制改革方面,还存在许多运行不畅、管理不善的问题。要把中国旅游业搞得红 红火火,还有许多难题。
  
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就在第二年,苏联凭借电子计算技术把人类第一颗人造卫星送入太空,北大校 园的歌声也飞翔着自豪……然而也在这一年,1957年,王选的父亲在上海戴上了 “右派”帽子。
+
However, in the process of development, the tourism industry encountered some emerging problems, such as receiving kickbacks, demanding tips, and phenomena like foreign currency manipulation began to appear. The CNTA began to focus on moral education within the tourism industry. However, in terms of systemic reforms, there were still many problems with inefficient operations and poor management. There were still many challenges in making China's tourism industry prosperous. 
  
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这一年王选20岁,20岁的王选忽然感到世界变得陌生了。父亲王守其,ー辈 子人如其名安分守己,会计的职业还培养了他小心谨慎的性格,父亲怎么会变成右 派分子呢?王选想不明白。关于父亲,王选记得,上海沦陷时期父亲几年没走过外 白渡桥,那桥横跨黄浦江两岸,本是交通要道,但桥上悬挂一面日本国旗,过桥者需 向日本国旗鞠躬方许通过,父亲不堪其辱,宁可不过那座桥。还记得姐姐有一次买 回几支日本铅笔,父亲大怒:“我说过不要买日货,你不知道吗!”
 
  
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姐姐申辩说:“日本铅笔便宜……”
+
四、马超龙雀 
  
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“再便宜也不能要!”父亲夺过铅笔扔到火里,全家人眼睁睁看那铅笔化为 灰烬。
 
  
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21岁王选大学毕业,时值!958年我国掀起研制计算机热潮。由于计算机人才 奇缺,王选当初选择的正是这个专业,学校正需要用人,王选被留校当助教,并成为 设计硬件的主力之一。这大约是王选首次从自己的人生选择中收获到好处。
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Chapter 4. Ma Chao Long Que 
  
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四、没有什么比跨领域研究更能为前途开辟道路
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“马超龙雀”是中国旅游业的图形标志。原形取自甘肃武威出土的东汉青铜 马。昂首扬尾,四蹄腾空,自由奔放,马的速度超过天上的龙雀。此马也是个性的 象征。旅游业由原来只有国家涉足,变为国家、地方、部门、集体、个人“五个ー起 上” 〇最关键是开放了对“个人”的限制,纠正了对“个人”长达30年的偏见,这是 思想观念开放的伟大变革。《周易》说:“挠万物者,莫疾乎风。”开放之风多又从旅 游业刮起,推动、带动相关行业风起云涌。
  
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为研制中型电子计算机“红旗机”,北大成立了“红旗营”。曾担任王选计算机 课的张世龙老师不到30岁,已算得上是我国研制计算机的先驱之一,他被任命为 “红旗营”营长。!959年夏,王选刚刚完成“红旗机”的逻辑设计,张世龙老师却被 定为“右倾分子”,下放农村。
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"Ma Chao Long Que" is the graphic symbol of China's tourism industry. The original design is based on a bronze horse unearthed from Wuwei, Gansu during the Eastern Han Dynasty. With its head raised and tail pointed upwards, its four hooves galloping in the air, it is free and unrestrained. The horse's speed surpasses the dragon sparrow in the sky. This horse is also a symbol of individuality. Tourism has transitioned from being only state-involved to “five working together”: the state, localities, departments, collectives, and individuals. The most critical change is the opening of restrictions on "individuals", correcting the prejudice against “individuals” that had lasted for 30 years. This represents a great shift in open-mindedness. The “Book of Changes” says: “Among all things that stir, none is more swift than the wind.” The wind of opening up often blows from the tourism industry, pushing and driving related industries to surge forward. 
  
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张老师要走了,他把ー只手放在王选的肩上,一句话也说不出。
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1.花龙盘盘上紫云
  
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王选感到ー个重担已经压在肩上。
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1. A Purple Cloud with Winding Dragon 
  
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这个秋天,秋风依然吹动未名湖畔的树叶,吹起王选的白衬衫,他比任何时候 都更加感到自己渺小,非常渺小。
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1986年,“七五计划”把旅游业列在第三十七章之内,这是旅游业第一次在国 家计划中出现,旅游的产业地位首次得到确认,这是旅游产业发展的ー个重要 标志。
  
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这使他拼命地想把“我”融入“我们”中。他似乎成功地钻进“红旗机”里去了。 1961年,某种扩大认识的思考使他做出了成年后的第二次抉择:从硬件转向软件, 但不放弃硬件,而是从事软硬件相结合的研究。
+
In 1986, the Seventh Five-Year Plan included the tourism industry in Chapter 37, marking the first appearance of the tourism industry in a national plan. The status of tourism as an industry was recognized for the first time, which was an important milestone for the development of the tourism industry. 
  
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24岁的王选很快看到了这次抉择带来的好处。“我已经搞了 3年的计算机, 如果有人说我不懂计算机,我能同意吗?可是现在,我忽然发现,只有了解了软件, 才能真正懂得计算机。”
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邓小平南方讲话,引发中国第二轮改革。中共中央、国务院《关于加快发展第 三产业的决定》进ー步明确旅游业是第三产业的重点,旅游业的产业地位进ー步 提升。
  
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这其实是选择了 “跨领域”研究〇
+
Deng Xiaoping's speeches in southern China sparked the second round of reform. The “Decision on Accelerating the Development of the Tertiary Industry” by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council further specified that tourism is a key sector within the tertiary industry, thus further raising the industry's status within the economy. 
  
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如同阴阳结合孕育出生命,没有跨领域就没有创新。世界上第一台电子数字 计算机是1946年问世的,那就是数学和电子技术相结合的产物。发明人埃克特和 毛奇利也都得益于既懂数学,又懂电子技术。当200多年的工业经济使世界朝能 源危机、资源耗竭的方向发展,20世纪后半期ー批低耗高效的高技术,都是从跨领 域的研究中诞生的,从而为人类的前途开辟道路。没有“跨领域”研究,王选就不 会是今天的王选。
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回首新时期30年对各产业的认识,变化最大的恐怕是旅游业。早先没人知 道,旅游业每增加1人就业,可促进相关产业增加5人就业;接待一位外国游客的 创汇,相当于出口 4台电视机;且是永远的朝阳产业,是最优秀的出口产业。旅游 业不断超乎人们预料的发展,促使国家有关部门把它从接待型机构变成企业,又从 确定为旅游产业到定位为支柱产业。
  
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“我当时有种茅塞顿开之感。”王选说。
+
Looking back at the understanding of various industries over the past 30 years in the new era, the tourism industry might have undergone the most significant changes. It was initially unknown that every new job created in the tourism industry could lead to the addition of five jobs in related industries; and that the foreign exchange income from hosting a foreign tourist was equivalent to exporting four televisions. Moreover, tourism is an ever-growing sunrise industry and an outstanding export industry. The development of the tourism industry, which constantly exceeds expectations, has prompted the relevant national departments to transition it from a reception-oriented institution to an enterprise, and to position it from merely a tourism industry to a pillar industry. 
  
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也就在这一时期,王选还做出了一个重要选择:每天收听半小时英国ВВС广 播的英语。王选在中学学过英语,在大学学的却是俄语。计算机是在美国发明的, 那时中美还没有建交,王选还是隐隐约约地感觉到,自己进行这项研究还是需要从 美国学东西的,因此有必要继续学英语。这项选择后来果然给王选带来了很大的 用处,可以算得上是王选人生中的第三次重要选择。
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下面这些数字有些枯燥,显示的快速发展却也一目了然。
  
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这是王选人生中一边如饥似渴地吸收新知识,ー边如琢如磨地深入研究的时 期,人生在这样的时刻,就是将做出大的发明创造的前夜了。没想到就在这年夏 天,连续的劳累把他击倒了。
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The following numbers might seem dry, but they clearly illustrate rapid development. 
  
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他算得上把青春和生命都投入了 “红旗机”的研制,不管身体有怎样的不舒 服,他都挺着、熬着,没想到生命比想象的脆弱……他的病辗转首都几家医院,持续 1年久治不愈,身体一天天虚弱,他不断地想起母亲……1962年王选オ25岁,6月, 同事和朋友把他从医院护送上列车,列车长鸣着把王选带走了,不少人感到好像经 历了一场诀别。
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1978年全国的“入境旅游”人数180万,2007年这一数据为1.3亿人次, 是1978年的73.3倍,中国成为全球第四大入境旅游接待国。
  
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五、在生命最脆弱的日子里
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In 1978, the number of inbound tourists nationwide was 1.8 million; this figure rose to 130 million in 2007, which was 73.3 times that of 1978. China has become the fourth largest inbound tourist receiving country globally. 
  
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母亲在上海站见到儿子,泪水掉了下来。
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1978年中国旅游外汇收入2.62亿美元，1996年外汇收入超过100亿美 元,2007年旅游外汇收入达419亿美元,是1978年的159倍。
  
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但母亲马上说:“没事,会好的!”
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In 1978, China's tourism foreign exchange income was 262 million US dollars; by 1996, the foreign exchange income exceeded 10 billion US dollars; and by 2007, the tourism foreign exchange income reached 41.9 billion US dollars, which was 159 times that of 1978. 
  
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母亲姓周名邈清,生于!901年。外祖父在清政府尚存时就为她取的“邈清”这 个名字,似乎真赋予她某种东西。母亲一生都坚强而凛然。现在,母亲开始竭尽全 カ地拯救儿子。
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中国旅游业在世界上的排名一路飙升。1978年中国旅游外汇收入在全 世界排名第41位,2000年跃居世界第5位,2001年加入WTO后一直保持在 世界第4位。
  
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儿子已熬出多种疑难杂症,在上海治疗仍然未见寸功。
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China's tourism industry has been soaring in the world rankings. In 1978, China's tourism foreign exchange income ranked 41st in the world, leaped to the 5th place in 2000, and has maintained the 4th place globally since joining the WTO in 2001. 
  
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母亲从未失去半寸信心。
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2007年全国旅游业总收入出现历史性超越,突破1万亿元。这个“脚下 的事业”,在国民经济收入中的确已占有举足轻重的地位。
  
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母亲自幼没有裹脚,62岁的母亲脚步匆匆,出门请医、寻药,回来煎药,ー碗碗 送到儿子唇边……王选躺在床上,对于母亲夏去秋来的努力,他感到身体的内部有 ー个强烈的声音在说,“你可不能让母亲失望啊”,感到生命力在很深很深的地方 被ー点点地召唤回来。每个人都有母亲,世上还有什么比母爱更无私更让人感动 的呢!在母亲的身上,实际上还有留洋归来的外祖父的理想,白发皤然的母亲,把 顽强把坚韧不拔的毅カ和爱,一点一点地灌输给儿子……在王选生命力最微弱的 日子里,母亲オ是他真正的保护神！
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In 2007, the total revenue of the national tourism industry achieved a historic breakthrough, exceeding 1 trillion yuan. This "footwork business" indeed holds a significant position in national economic income. 
  
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隆冬过后是春天,王选的生命出现转机,他可以下床走动了。在母亲身边1〇 个月,王选犹如再次体验了诞生。
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中国人出境游的发展速度,有人夸张地比喻为“像过山车”动人心魄。这“动 人心魄”是不算夸张的。改革开放初,中国出国的人寥寥无几。1950年至1978 年,中国出国总人次30万。2005年一年中,中国出境人次达到3100万,是开放前 28年出境人数总和的100倍。2007年中国公民出境旅游人数已达4095万,成为 亚洲最大的出境旅游客源国,出境人数跃至世界排名第3位。这是中国综合国力、 居民生活水平提高,社会开放的直接、生动的证据。仅旅游ー项,就让世界看到中 国改革开放的成就的确不小。
  
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七宝镇的田野和未名湖畔的绿树,又生机盎然地回到记忆,生命如同一只重新 长出羽毛的鸟,渴望飞翔……一个念头冒出来:他想搞ー个计算机高级语言编译 系统。
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The development speed of Chinese outbound tourism has been exaggeratedly described as “like a roller coaster” - thrilling and exciting. The phrase “thrilling and exciting” is not an exaggeration. At the beginning of the reform and opening-up, very few Chinese citizens traveled abroad. From 1950 to 1978, the total number of outbound travelers from China was only 300,000. However, in 2005 alone, the number of outbound Chinese travelers reached 31 million, which is 100 times the total number of outbound travelers in the 28 years before the opening-up. By 2007, the number of Chinese citizens traveling abroad had reached 40.95 million, making China the largest source country of outbound tourists in Asia and ranking third globally in terms of outbound travelers. This serves as direct and vivid evidence of China's overall national strength, improved living standards of its residents, and the country's growing openness. Just for tourism alone, the world can see that China's achievements in reform and opening up are indeed not small. 
  
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这是ー个近乎妄想的念头。可供研究的资料在国内外都少得可怜。这就像ー 只病中的孤雁想重新飞上蓝天一样不可思议。但是,这是坚定地朝他选定的跨领 域研究挺进！
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中国出境旅游市场的发展壮大,日益增加了中国在国际社会的影响カ。“出境 旅游”成为“官方外交”的一部分,签署旅游目的地（ADS ）仪式成为ー份“国礼”,也 是谈判桌上一个有分量的筹码,为国家的外交战略、区域化合作和两岸和平统一事业做出了重要贡献。
  
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他开始托人四处收集资料。一天,朋友给他带来了一本《ALGOL 60修改报 告》。王选翻开,像看天书一样,但是,他知道,这是极其珍贵、极其难得的国外计算 机高级语言。
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The development and growth of China's outbound tourism market have increasingly increased China's influence in the international community. Outbound tourism has become a part of official diplomacy. The signing of the Approved Destination Status (ADS) agreement has become a kind of "state ceremony" and also a significant bargaining chip at the negotiation table. It has made important contributions to the country's foreign policy strategy, regional cooperation, and the cause of peaceful reunification across the strait. 
  
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“谁托你带来的?”
 
  
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“陈鑒獄老师。”
 
  
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陈鑒株就是北大计算数学专业的青年女教师。王选不是ー只孤雁了。此后几 年,他就在上海家中,以惊人的毅カ和卓越的总体设计,与北大许卓群、陈鑒竦、朱 万森等人ー起向这个难题进军。
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中国在联合国世界旅游组织的影响迅速提高。2007年,中文正式成为世界旅 游组织官方语言。中国被推举为世界旅游组织执委会成员国。
  
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1965年夏,母亲为王选整理行装的情景,让我再一次想起保尔•柯察金要归 队时母亲为他整理行装的那一幕……孩子长大,ー个个都飞走了,只有负伤或生病 时オ会回到母亲身边,刚好点儿,又要走了……“妈妈,学校把我们搞的’系统‘列 入了北大的科研计划,我该回校了。”
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China's influence in the United Nations World Tourism Organization has rapidly increased. In 2007, Chinese officially became the official language of the World Tourism Organization. China was elected as a member country of the World Tourism Organization's Executive Council. 
  
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是的,孩子是国家的。65岁的母亲再一次把儿子送上火车,汽笛响了,母亲热 泪盈眶地微笑着。母亲怎么也不会想到,儿子这一去,还将经历另一次劫难。
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2008年6月17日,中国公民赴美旅游首发团250人从北京、上海、广东三地启 程,飞往美国。这标志着中国公民赴美团队旅游正式启动。7月4日,中国大陆居 民直接赴台湾省旅游首发团启程,首批游客760余人分别从北京、上海、南京、厦 门、广州五地出发,搭乘两岸周末包机赴台。这是1949年以后,中国大陆居民首次 从大陆直接飞抵台湾省,被称为“世纪首航”“世纪圆梦之旅”,它跨越了近60年的 隔阻。
  
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王选回到北大了。
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On June 17, 2008, the first group of 250 Chinese citizens departed from Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangdong, heading to the United States for tourism. This marked the official launch of Chinese citizens' group tourism to the United States. On July 4, the first group of Chinese‘s mainland residents directly traveled to Taiwan Province for tourism. Over 760 tourists from Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Xiamen, and Guangzhou departed, taking chartered flights between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait for a weekend trip to Taiwan. This is the first time since 1949 that mainland Chinese residents have directly flown to Taiwan Province, and it is called the “Century's First Flight” or the "Dream Trip of the Century," overcoming nearly 60 years of separation.
  
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就像一尾鱼回到大海,有了更多同人的帮助,这个项目终于开花结果,为我国 推广计算机高级语言做出了宝贵的贡献。这ー贡献被载入了中国计算机发展史。
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30年间,中国旅游业的总收入正以年均约12%的速度增长,高于同期国内生 产总值的平均增长率,也大大高于世界旅游业平均涨幅的速度。国外旅游同行对 中国“从俯视到仰视”。全国旅游业展现出的新景象,可以借用一句古诗来形容: “飞香走红满天春,花龙盘盘上紫云。”
  
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他首次看到“我们的”研究成果进入应用。这时的王选已是我国少有的精通 软、硬件的“两栖”专家。用王选自己的话说:“软、硬件两方面的知识和实践,是我 后来能够承担激光照排系统总设计的决定性因素。”
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During the past 30 years, the total revenue of China's tourism industry has been growing at an average annual rate of about 12%, higher than the average growth rate of the domestic gross domestic product during the same period and significantly higher than the average growth rate of the global tourism industry. Foreign counterparts in the tourism industry regard China with admiration and respect. The new landscape presented by the national tourism industry can be described using a line from an ancient poem: “Fragrance soars, redness fills the sky in spring, like a purple cloud with winding dragon.” 
  
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知识向着理想的方向增长,前途像抉择的那样光明,突然,一夜之间……王选 看到自己的名字被涂到墙上,踩到地下。他不是因言获罪,是因“听”获罪。他曾 每天收听ВВС的英语广播,罪名是“收听敌台”。他在下乡劳动的途中病倒,1961 年的病症全部卷土重来。
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2. ー业九鼎重千秋
  
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他被送到京郊十三陵分校。这儿根本没有医疗条件。失去医疗救治,王选如 同被抛到岸上的一尾鱼,病情日趋恶化……此时,北大还会来看他的人只有陈 鑒钺〇
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2. Tourism's Enduring Significance 
  
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“王选,你不能在这里等死。”陈鑒蘇说〇
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直到今天,即使我们不再把旅游看作“享乐主义”,但旅游在ー个民族的发展 进步中,在每位“个人”的人生中,究竟占有多大的地位,仍未被充分认识。今天, 当我们获得“煮酒话当年”的良辰,还该看到旅游业的贡献远远不仅体现在经济效 益上。
  
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王选不知道还有什么办法。
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Even today, even if we no longer see tourism solely as hedonism, the true significance of tourism in the development and progress of a nation and in the life of each individual is still not fully recognized. Today, as we reminisce about the past with a glass of wine, we should recognize that the contributions of the tourism industry go far beyond economic benefits. 
  
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陈鑒钺说:“回北京,我照顾你。”
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由于传统观念的影响,30年前,即使奉命搞旅游的人,自己也有点心虚气短。 但是,自开放以来,确实是这个让人“在休闲中玩ー玩”的行当最早引进外资,最早 中外合资,也最早经历打破“铁饭碗”,最早尝试改制……加入WT。后,旅游业对 外开放幅度更大。旅游业一路走来,一路担当着开路先锋的风险,其艰辛与业绩, 大多鲜为人知。
  
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王选想了想,说:“不行。”
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Due to traditional beliefs, even those tasked with promoting tourism felt somewhat uncertain and hesitant thirty years ago. However, since the opening up, it was indeed this industry that first introduced foreign investment, engaged in Sino-foreign joint ventures, and experienced the breaking of “iron rice bowls” and attempted restructuring. It also joined the World Tourism Organization. Subsequently, the tourism industry has opened up to a greater extent. Throughout its journey, the tourism industry has shouldered the risks of being a pioneer, with its hardships and achievements largely unknown to many. 
  
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陈鑒獄说:“我和你结婚,谁还能说什么!”
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你可想过,新时期城市面貌的改变,多从建旅游饭店大厦开始。北京长城饭店 初建如“鹤立鸡群”,上海静安希尔顿、广州白天鹅……天津、西安、桂林、杭州等ー 批旅游城市都是从建涉外旅游饭店开始改观。直到今天,我们住过不少星级宾馆 了,但不一定清楚是他们冲破各种束缚,把中国大大小小的招待所变成星级宾馆, ォ使我们的城市像一座现代城市。
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同时代的消息与参考故事:
 
  
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1938年（王选诞生的第二年）,美国贝尔实验室发明了世界上第一台继电器式 数字计算机;1940年,提出电子模拟计算机的基本概念;1948年,威廉•肖克利、约 翰・巴丁和沃尔特・布拉顿在贝尔实验室发明了晶体管。我把这看作20世纪最 重要的发明。因为只有发明出晶体管,オ可能研制出现代意义的电子计算机。电 子计算机一旦问世就如同瓦特蒸汽机的诞生,标志着ー个新的经济时代诞生。多 年后这个时代被称为“知识经济时代”。
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Have you ever considered that the transformation of urban landscapes in the new era often starts with the construction of tourist hotels and high-rise buildings? The Great Wall Hotel in Beijing stood out like a "crane among chickens," while the Hilton in Jing'an, Shanghai, and the White Swan in Guangzhou were notable landmarks. Many other tourist cities, such as Tianjin, Xi'an, Guilin, and Hangzhou, underwent transformations starting with the establishment of foreign-related tourist hotels. Even today, we have stayed in numerous star-rated hotels, but we may not always realize that it was their efforts that broke various constraints and transformed small guesthouses throughout China into star-rated hotels, making our cities resemble modern metropolises.
  
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（贝尔1847年生于英国爱丁堡,1876年在为美国独立宣言发表!00周年举办 的博览会上展示了他于当年发明的电话机,人类的信息传递进入一个新时期。）
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有了星级宾馆,仍然不够。城市的活力从哪里来?我们不能生活在钢筋水泥 的丛林中。缺少绿树、芳草、鲜花,就没有蝶飞鸟鸣。缺少上下几千年的文化风采, 也会缺少来自五洲四海的欣赏目光。国家旅游局启动创建优秀旅游城市工程,各 大城市党政主要领导亲自挂帅,“创优”工作纳入城市经济和社会发展总体格局, 许多与旅游不搭界的部门通过创优捆到ー起,“横向到边,纵向到底”,创优热潮波 及中小城市,强劲推动全国城市建设,ー个个城市神话改变着国家形象。
  
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埃克特和毛奇利1946年发明的世界上最早的电子数字计算机EN1AC,是一台 巨大的装置,占地3000立方英尺,重30吨,用了 18000个电子管,需大量电流,同 时冷却成为主要问题,计算机不能长时间连续工作。同年他们离开宾タ法尼亚大 学,去组建计算机公司以实现自己的梦想。1951年他们完成了世界上第一台通用 的商业化计算机UN1VAC,提供给美国人口统计局使用,埃克特和毛奇利由此完成 了电子计算机从实验室走向社会应用的历程。
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However, having star-rated hotels alone is not enough. Where does the vitality of a city come from? We cannot live in a concrete jungle. Without green trees, fragrant grass, and blooming flowers, there would be no butterflies fluttering or birds singing. Without the cultural splendor spanning thousands of years, we would also lack the appreciation from people all over the world. The CNTA initiated the project to create excellent tourist cities, with the top leaders of major cities personally taking charge. The "excellence" efforts were integrated into the overall framework of urban economic and social development. Many departments that were previously unrelated to tourism were brought together through this initiative, creating a cross-sector collaboration that reached all levels. This excellence trend extended to small and medium-sized cities, driving the overall construction of cities nationwide and transforming each city into a symbol of national pride. 
  
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第二章太平村童话
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秦砖汉瓦,唐诗宋词。在中国,每ー块热土都有过波澜壮阔的历史乐章,每ー 种文化都有精神的故乡。遍布中国的古迹,多是旅游行业挖空心思地ー个个修复 或再造,过去被批判为“腐朽的封建主义”的东西,变成恢宏的数千年中华文明,温 情地回到了我们的山山水水,成为我们精神中辉煌的民族记忆。
  
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（1954—1965 年）
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From the Qin Dynasty's bricks and Han Dynasty's tiles to the poetry of the Tang and Song Dynasties, in China, every inch of land has witnessed grand historical chapters, and every culture has its spiritual homeland. The ancient sites scattered throughout China have been meticulously restored or recreated by the tourism industry, transforming what was once criticized as "decaying feudalism" into the magnificent thousands of years of Chinese civilization. They have warmly returned to our mountains, rivers, and become the glorious national memories in our hearts. 
  
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那个年代乡村教师犹如夏夜的繁星,遍布中国的穷乡僻壤,照耀着孩子们充满 幻想的童年。没有这样的照耀,张玉峰不会成为日后北大方正集团的董事长。从 乡下进城去考“完小”，20里乡路宛若一种象征,那是老师领着张玉峰走出的通往 北大的第一段路程。他们欢呼雀跃的脚步声,就是新中国的教育前进的步伐。
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旅游盘活的也远不只是古迹。单看艺术与旅游业“嫁接”,传统音乐、舞蹈,以 及56个民族色彩斑斓的文化在旅游中复苏与创新。凡此种种,对增强ー个国家的 文化软实カ,是沛然化雨渗透到亿万民众之中的。
  
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ー、洋槐树下
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The revitalization brought about by tourism is not limited to ancient relics. When we consider the fusion of art and the tourism industry, traditional music, dance, and the diverse cultures of the 56 ethnic groups experience revival and innovation within the realm of tourism. All of these endeavors enhance a country's cultural soft power, permeating through millions of people like nourishing rain. 
  
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他出生的村庄早先叫河南庄,庄里每ー户人家都是从河南逃荒出来的。附近 还有山东庄、安徽庄……1953年全国第一次人口普查,工作组说,不能叫河南庄 了。为啥?因为这方圆ー带叫河南庄的太多,这名得改。
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中国加入WTO,机遇与挑战犹如阳光和风雨同时降临。美、日、德、英、法、澳 等国的世界前十大旅游集团挺进中国,中国成为旅游企业全球化程度最高的地区 之一。改制、资产整合、企业重组、上市融资……促进中国旅游企业集团应时而出, 并促使旅游业从“各踞一方”到“连线成片”,典型如泰山、华山、恒山、嵩山、衡山, 成立“五岳联盟”。中国旅游产业集群开始走出国门。
  
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改啥名呢?工作组说,这村现在也发展了,别叫“庄” 了,叫个什么“村”吧。不 知谁起了个挺吉祥的名,大伙一听都说好,从此家乡就叫太平村。
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China's accession to the WTO brought both opportunities and challenges, much like the simultaneous arrival of sunshine and rain. The world's top ten tourism conglomerates from countries such as the United States, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Australia entered China, making it one of the regions with the highest degree of globalization in the tourism industry. Restructuring, asset integration, corporate reorganization, and listing financing facilitated the emergence of Chinese tourism enterprise groups, leading the tourism industry from being fragmented to interconnected. An example of this is the establishment of the “Five Great Mountains Alliance” consisting of Mount Tai, Mount Hua, Mount Heng, Mount Song, and Mount Heng, which paved the way for Chinese tourism clusters to expand globally. 
  
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太平村就像藏在渭河平原的山冈里,不见瓦房,只见窑洞。张玉峰能在黄土地 上奔跑时知道了自己的老家在河南南阳。更大些,知道了爹是民国十八年（1929 年）随爷爷奶奶逃离故乡的。
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各省市“旅游大篷车”吆喝到国外。中国大型旅游促销团赴美,在美国行程四 千多公里,沿途举行“中国之夜”演出推介会,不仅“营销”中国风情,还宣扬中国文 化。“魅力四川”倾倒巴黎,自贡市彩灯点亮多伦多,峨眉山全球卖风景,开中国景 区在外设旅游机构之先河。
  
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张玉峰成为方正集团的总裁、董事长后,人们对他的了解仍然很少,不少人觉 得他“神秘”,这大约与他不爱说话有关系。其实,童年时张玉峰就疏于用嘴而勤 于用眼,百看不厌的就是村庄里大人们下象棋。
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Various provinces and cities in China are promoting tourism overseas like a “tourism caravan.” Large-scale tourism promotion groups from China travel to the United States, covering over 4,000 kilometers during their itinerary. Along the way, they hold "China Nights" showcasing performances and presentations, not only marketing the Chinese charm but also promoting Chinese culture. "Charming Sichuan" captivates Paris, Zigong City illuminates Toronto with colorful lanterns, and Mount Emei sells its scenery to the world, pioneering the establishment of Chinese scenic areas with tourism agencies abroad. 
  
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这是父老乡亲从故乡带出来的唯一的娱乐。棋子是细木棍锯出来的,棋盘刻 在木板上,下起来啪啪响。这方寸之间包含就这ー小块空间能容下村民无限智慧, 能给穷困的生活带来无穷乐趣,庄稼人跃马行车之间颇显英雄气概! “观棋不语真 君子”,这大约是张玉峰所受到的最早的公德教育。
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“捧出古国的盛情,迎接你走进东方的锦绣,体会ー个真情的中国。不要说世 界太大,其实我们的心相距很近;不要说天涯太远,有意我们即刻就能相逢。”这是 唱响世界许多著名城市的歌。
  
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ー个初冬的上午,洋槐树的叶子落尽了,空旷的黄土地上一片静寂,阳光照耀 着窑洞前一串串鲜红的辣椒和金黄的玉米棒子。爹说:“你给摆好棋子,我去 泡茶。”
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"Offering the hospitality of an ancient country, welcoming you to experience the splendid beauty of the East, and feel the genuine affection of China. Don't say the world is too vast; in reality, our hearts are close. Don't say the end of the world is too far; with intention, we can meet instantly.” This is the song that echoes in many famous cities around the world. 
  
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爹下棋在村里是有名的,常有人上门来挑战,这日来的是一位老汉。张玉峰摆 好了棋,就坐在爹的位子上,仿佛是个棋手。
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美国迈阿密市长号召市民:“请把到中国旅游立刻写在你的日程表上吧,这是 ー个人一生中一定要完成的一件事!”
  
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“你想下吗?”老汉望着对面的孩子。
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The mayor of Miami, USA, called on citizens, saying, "Please immediately put traveling to China on your agenda. It is something that you must do in your lifetime!” 
  
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老汉是无意间问的。张玉峰不说话,架了一个中炮。
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2004年中国被评为全球最佳旅游目的地。中国已拥有世界文化遗产37处,中 国已从ー个旅游资源大国发展为世界旅游大国。
  
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老汉想逗小孩玩玩,应了一招。张玉峰又走ー步。
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In 2004, China was recognized as the best global tourist destination. With 37 World Heritage Sites, China has evolved from a major tourism resource country to a world tourism powerhouse. 
  
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老汉看他走的是老规矩,再应ー步……如此啪啪下着,待玉峰他爹把茶泡出 来,这一老ー小已棋入中局,且老汉处于被动局面。
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把“旅馆”办到列车上,タ发朝至,节省时间和费用去旅游,火车提速促进中国 高速度发展。丰盛的“吃”,令外国游客叹息胃太小。旅游“六字真言”促进行、游、 住、食、购、娱六大经济文化领域全面发展。
  
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“你等等,”老汉对玉峰他爹说我得把这盘棋下完。”
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Bringing "hotels" onto trains has saved time and costs for travel, and high-speed train development has facilitated China's rapid development. The abundant culinary offerings leave foreign tourists marveling at their small stomachs. The six-word mantra of tourism—travel, accommodation, dining, shopping, entertainment, and leisure—has promoted comprehensive development in the economic and cultural sectors. 
  
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玉峰他爹变成了观棋的人。
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鼠标点击新旅游,网络在颠覆传统营销模式的同时,成为大众获取话语权的重 要途径。中国第一批互联网旅游企业诞生,如何通过资源共享,抑制过去的“竞 争”方式?如何通过“透明”营造信息时代的文明?诸多陌生经历在旅游界多有 “先行ー步”的体验,旅游界在为建设世界旅游强国,也为民族进步,探索新路。
  
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三个人都没有想到,老汉输了。
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With just a click of a mouse, new tourism opportunities emerge. The internet, while disrupting traditional marketing models, has become a crucial platform for the public to express their opinions and access information. The first batch of internet tourism enterprises emerged in China, focusing on resource sharing and suppressing the previous "competitive" approach. They aim to create a transparent environment in the information age. The tourism industry has often been at the forefront of new experiences, exploring new paths for building China into a global tourism powerhouse and contributing to national progress. 
  
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老汉决意再下一盘来挽回面子。
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世界上还没有一个产业,像旅游业这样与各国人们广泛接触,与民生休戚相 关,与百业相连,岂止是经济支柱,更养育精神,承载如此宽广的社会担当,可谓一 业九鼎重千秋。
  
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没想到连下三盘,结局是ー样的。
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There is no other industry in the world that has such extensive interactions with people from various countries, closely intertwined with people's livelihoods and connected to numerous sectors. It is not only an economic pillar but also nurtures the spirit and carries such a broad social responsibility. It can be said that tourism holds a significant position for ages to come. 
  
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玉峰他爹叫张同德,张同德如同目睹了一场事变。这段日子,张同德与老汉正 下得棋逢对手,难分输赢……张玉峰生于1946年4月18日,这年7岁,他爹从未 见过他下棋,他怎么不声不响就赢了呢?
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21世纪的书记、市长若不懂旅游,就不是合格的领导者一这已是新理念。
  
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张玉峰有兄弟姐妹八人,他是老六,前面五个都没有读书,爹就此决定:“明年, 送老六去读书。”
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In the 21st century, if a secretary or mayor does not understand tourism, they are not qualified leaders. This has become a new concept and requirement.
  
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二、窑洞小学
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结语:最重要的开放是思想的开放。
  
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1954年王选考进北大的日子,张玉峰8岁,正与同村一个与他一般大的孩子抬
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In Conclusion: The Most Important Openness is that of the Mind
  
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着ー张条凳去上学。
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今天看来,30年前处于十字路口的中国,正是有了开放国门的胆识和决心,才 复苏了旅游业,更迎来整个民族的新生。中国旅游业,一直是在开放中改革,在开 放中发展,在开放中创新。中国旅游业发生的巨变,是中国30年改革开放史的一 个缩影。
  
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学校在杨家山,离太平村有一里多地。初秋,黄土地上一片金黄,天空高阔而 清朗。他们赤脚踩在土路上,高高兴兴来到了杨家山。杨家山小学在窑洞里,总共 只有一个半窑洞,4个年级,16个学生,1个老师。老师叫朱自新,30来岁,就住在 窑洞内ー侧又挖进去的那半个窑洞里。
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Looking back today, China at the crossroads 30 years ago was able to revive the tourism industry and experience a national rebirth because of the courage and determination to open its doors to the world. The Chinese tourism industry has consistently reformed, developed, and innovated through openness. The tremendous changes in the Chinese tourism industry are a microcosm of the 30-year history of reform and opening up in China. 
  
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课桌是土坯垒的,座位就是每个学生从家里抬来的条凳,黑板是用石灰粉刷在 窑洞的壁上再漆成黑色,写着写着就露出里面的白来,看上去花花点点的。没有上 课的钟声,只有老师的哨声。
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它贯穿着一条清晰主线,就是不断地解放思想,不断地赋予思想解放以新的内 容。因而最重要的开放是思想的开放,是人的解放和素质的提升。旅游业30年开 放发展史,实际上是一部波澜壮阔的思想解放史。
  
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学校里也没有时钟,老师全凭看日头吹哨子。每天上午约1〇点半就放学了, 然后回家吃第一顿饭。下午约3点又放学了,回家吃第二顿饭。每天只吃两顿饭。 不仅小孩这样,大人也是这样。家乡的黄土地缺水,小麦、糜子靠天收,收成甚少。 庄稼人想出的好办法就是饭分两顿吃,活分三段干。
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It follows a clear main theme, which is the continuous liberation of thought and the constant infusion of new content into the liberation of thought. Therefore, the most important form of openness is the openness of thought, the liberation of individuals, and the enhancement of their quality. The 30-year history of openness and development in the tourism industry is, in fact, a magnificent history of intellectual liberation. 
  
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如何分三段干?清晨早起下地干活,约1〇点半回来吃饭。饭后再去干活,下 午3点回来吃饭,饭后又去干活。傍晚回来就不吃了。天黑上炕睡觉,睡着也就不 觉得饿了。
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今天,面对国际金融危机和日益严峻的经济困境,国务院部署十大措施,以扩 大内需促经济平稳较快增长。我们还将不断听到“拉动消费”“促进消费”的声音。 人们可能认为,要是经济危机到来,大家将有过“紧日子”的思想意识,还怎么促进 消费?贫困群体又拿什么去消费?这里需要分清,“消费”和“发展消费型经济”是 两个概念。
  
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童年时张玉峰不知道世上还有吃三餐饭的人。老师的铁哨子则是张玉峰童年 记忆中一个相当神秘相当高级的东西。好几年里,他把哨子视同老师的象征,不知 哨子还有什么别的用途。
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Today, faced with the international financial crisis and increasingly severe economic challenges, the State Council has deployed ten measures to expand domestic demand and promote stable and rapid economic growth. We will continue to hear calls for boosting consumption and promoting consumerism. Some may think that during an economic crisis, people will have a mindset of tightening their belts, so how can consumption be promoted? And what will the impoverished groups have to consume? It is important to differentiate between "consumption" and "developing a consumer-driven economy." 
  
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学校里最新的当然就是课本。崭新的课本放在土坯桌上,每ー页都为孩子们 打开ー个远方的世界,张玉峰是从这里认识北京,认识五星红旗、天安门……就在 这ー个窑洞里,朱老师给4个年级的学生轮番上课。你就想象吧,那该怎么教?
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由于旅游业是第三产业的龙头,是典型的消费型经济、休闲经济,我们在撰写 本文中日益意识到:中国旅游业30年来以“马超龙雀”的发展速度营造出的巨大消 费市场,已然是拯救眼前经济困境的ー支宏伟力量。
  
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语文、算术、音乐、图画、体育,老师什么课都教。唯有音乐和体育4个年级ー 块上。8岁的张玉峰上一年级时,二年级有十七八岁的男生和女生。“今天还在上 学,明天就结婚了,不来上学了 〇 ”
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As the leading sector of the tertiary industry and a typical consumer-driven and leisure economy, the tourism industry has played a crucial role in creating a vast consumer market with its rapid development over the past 30 years. We increasingly realize that this market is a magnificent force that can help overcome the current economic challenges. 
  
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不知老师来自何方,只知他来自远方。在读初小的4年里,张玉峰只见过朱老 师的妻子从远方来过一次,至今记得老师的妻子穿一件蓝底白花的土布衣裳,她把 朱老师屋里能洗的都洗了……今天,张玉峰的女儿在美国读博士,是否还能望见故 乡的窑洞?
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在开放的信息化时代,面对全球经济困境的挑战,中国旅游业正在谋求实现这 样的转型一从观光产业走向休闲产业。
  
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父亲的窑洞小学听起来就像遥远的祖先的故事,其实,这就是父亲的故事。这 故事有一种出奇地令人忧伤的魅力,像一道能引起你无限情感的风景,这风景里有 ー种能催人奋进的奇妙动カ。
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In the open and information-driven era, facing the challenges of the global economic crisis, the Chinese tourism industry is seeking to achieve a transformation: moving from being a sightseeing industry to a leisure industry. 
  
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张玉峰读的一年级有6个同学,3男3女,6人一直坚持读到初小毕业,据说这 是杨家山小学一个很大的成绩。那时实行国家教育部1952年规定的全国小学“五 年一贯制”,拥有一到五年级的小学就叫“完小”。杨家山小学还没有五年级,他们 隶属的翔村乡也没有五年级,12岁的张玉峰要离乡去求学了。
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就是说,从以往的参观游览型,转向生活休 闲型。
  
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1958年夏,王选大学毕业,陕西的天空下,杨家山小学的朱自新老师正带着张 玉峰等6名学生上县城去考“完小” 〇
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This means shifting from the previous focus on visitation and sightseeing to a focus on enhancing the quality of life and leisure experiences. 
  
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“上县城喽!”
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从产业发展走向目的地提升。就是说,以往我们注重把旅游地搞起来,吸 引人来参观,今后不能满足于此,而要注重让人们身心度假,而不是跑得更累。
  
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谁说清贫的日子里没有幸福,所谓欢呼雀跃,正是应该描述这样的情景的,6 个学生像6只小鸟簇拥着老师向县城走去……多年后回望那段路程,我们依然能 看见那个年代乡村教师的卓越贡献。中国有如此辽阔的农村,像朱自新这样的教 师犹如夏夜的繁星,遍布中国的穷乡僻壤,照耀着孩子们充满幻想的童年。20里 乡路宛若一种象征,那是老师领着张玉峰走出的通往北大的第一段路程。他们欢 呼雀跃的脚步声,那就是新中国的教育前进的步伐。
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It also entails a shift from industry development to destination enhancement. In other words, it is not enough to simply develop tourist sites and attract visitors; the emphasis should be on providing people with opportunities for relaxation and rejuvenation, rather than exhausting them further. 
  
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三、美丽的洋槐花
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从规模时代走向质量时代。就是说,要让人在真正的“休养生息”中使人 生质量得到提升。旅游业也不只是“朝阳产业”,它对自然与人的生态保护,还是ー个可以找回蓝天的产业。
  
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家乡所在的城市就叫蒲城,陕西省蒲城县是杨虎城将军的故乡。他们考上了 县城北门外的北关小学,这是距离他们村最近的“完小”。12岁的张玉峰开始了寄 宿小学的读书生活。
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Additionally, there is a transition from the era of scale to the era of quality. Instead of solely focusing on the quantity of tourists, there is an increasing emphasis on providing high-quality experiences and services to ensure visitor satisfaction and promote sustainable tourism development The tourism industry is not just a sunrise industry; it plays a crucial role in the protection of nature and the ecology of both the environment and people. It is an industry that can help restore the clear blue skies.  
  
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ー间大屋ー排通铺,挤20多个同学,没有一个同学有草席,光光的床板上只有 被子。冬天,屋檐下有一尺长的冰凌。没有窗玻璃,只有一层纸糊住窗户,纸常常 被某个同学捅破,冬天的风就在那个破洞打着呼哨。从高小到高中毕业,张玉峰寄 宿7年,从未睡过枕头。这一切在今天看来让人难以相信,但这就是张玉峰的少年 生活,一个西部少年的读书生活。
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不能忽视这样的转型。在人类通过一次次“生产革命”“技术革命”营建生活 的历史上,人类觉悟到可以通过发展“休闲经济”来促进社会各业趋向平衡,这是 更高层面的可持续发展,并可望普遍地提升人类的生活质量。这无论从思想认识、 精神境界和经济形式上都是深具革命性的。
  
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从前,母亲只有年月日的概念,现在母亲有了非常明确的“星期”的概念。每 到星期六,峰儿就回来了。星期天,母亲就给峰儿蒸上够他吃一个星期的馍,用口 袋装上。下午峰儿背上一袋馍,又踏上进城读书的路。
 
  
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“背馍上学”的孩子聚ー堆吃馍,是张玉峰日后在方正大厦的员工食堂用餐时 仍会在大脑里闪现的一道风景……放学的钟声响过,城里的同学回家吃饭了,“我 们这些’背馍’的学生也拿出馍来吃” 〇
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We cannot overlook this transformation. Throughout human history, marked by multiple industrial revolutions and technological advancements, humans have realized that promoting a balanced society can be achieved through the development of the leisure economy. This represents a higher level of sustainable development and holds the potential to universally improve the quality of human life. This transformation is revolutionary in terms of ideology, spiritual state, and economic form. This is deeply revolutionary in terms of ideological understanding, spiritual realm, and economic form. 
  
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“吃什么菜?”
 
  
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“用ー个洗干净的墨水瓶装着盐,把馍掰开,用开水一泡,再撒点盐,就这 么吃。”
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因此,“休息的革命”是个庄严的命题。它不只是对眼前全球性的经济困境而 言,它对自然与人文环境的良性塑造、对给每个普通人带来的深刻影响而言,都有 我们还想象不到的海阔天空。
  
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“没菜?”
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Therefore, the “revolution of relaxation” is a solemn proposition. It goes beyond the current global economic challenges and holds immense potential for positively shaping the natural and cultural environment and making a profound impact on the lives of ordinary people that we can't even fully imagine. 
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“大家都这样。”张玉峰说,“我们家里也这么吃的,ー碟辣子ー碟盐。老家缺 水,种不了菜。”
 
  
−
“有开水吗?”
+
联合国世界旅游组织最新预测,中国到2015年将成为世界最大的旅游目的地 国家。中国旅游业至今方兴未艾,可谓“九万里风鹏正举”。
  
−
“学校有开水房。”
+
According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization, it is predicted that by 2015, China will emerge as the world’s largest tourist destination country. 
  
−
冬天,开水房外面的阳光下,西部的太阳照耀着一群背馍上学的孩子。馍被冻 得很硬很硬,要在开水里泡上好一阵子才能下咽……1936年美国记者斯诺深入陕 甘宁边区采访,曾描述这片有着悠久历史文化的土地如今文盲多达90%……现 在,这群背馍上学的西部孩子,为了求知,为了这片土地的明天,坐在!958年的阳 光下吃着开水泡馍,就已经是激动人心的诗!
+
（原载《北京文学》2009年第3期）
  
−
夏天,到星期三,馍就长毛了。他们用开水洗一洗再吃下去。从12岁到19 岁,张玉峰背了 7年馍,也吃了 7年长毛的馍。
+
(Originally published in “Beijing Literature”, Issue 3, 2009) 

Latest revision as of 04:48, 1 June 2023

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Contents

1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》Lingnan Englisch Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters

2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》Goldbank Englisch Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters

3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian Report_CN_EN_01 Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters

4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia Report_CN_EN_02 Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu Report_CN_EN_03 Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan Report_CN_EN_04 Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan Report_CN_EN_05 Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing Report_CN_EN_06 Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu Report_CN_EN_07 Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi Report_CN_EN_08 Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing Report_CN_EN_09 Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong Report_CN_EN_10 Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan Report_CN_EN_11 Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing Report_CN_EN_12 Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin Report_CN_EN_13 Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

Liang Xinlu

卷三：1.目录

卷ー

序李炳银/001

哥德巴赫猜想 徐 迟/001

船长柯岩/021

痴情理由/040

中国姑娘鲁光/ 086

三门李逸闻乔迈Z 138

胡杨泪孟晓云/ 150

原野在呼唤 王兆军/ 163

热血男儿李士非/ 183

卷二

中国农民大趋势（节选）李延国/219

理论狂人 陈祖芬/261

神圣忧思录 张 敏/283

强国梦（节选）赵瑜/315

伐木者,醒来!（节选）徐 刚Z358

步鑫生现象的反思 周嘉俊Z397

昆山之路杨守松/ 425

飞向太空港（节选）李鸣生/465

东方风来满眼春 陈锡添/526

好梦将圆时 江永红/539

智慧风暴（节选）王宏甲/573

卷四

4万:400万的牵挂 张雅文/ 625

香港回归祖国10周年回眸 长 江/ 670

木棉花开李春雷/695

休息的革命（缩写本）王宏甲 刘 建/716

闪着泪光的事业 蒋 巍/758

让百姓做主朱晓军李英/ 777

难回故里郭冬Z 817

卷五

国家何建明/855

蛟龙探海（节选）许 晨/ 915

袁隆平的世界（节选）陈启文/950

“神舟”天路 兰宁远/ 1011

智慧之翼李青松/ 1044

附录 改革开放四十年优秀报告文学存目Z 1060

目录

Contents

卷一

Volume One

序 李炳银/001

Preface by Li Bingyin/001

哥德巴赫猜想 徐 迟/001

Goldbach’s Conjecture by Xu Chi/001

船长 柯岩/021

Master by Ke Yan/021

痴情 理由/040

Obsession by Li You/040

中国姑娘 鲁光/ 086

Chinese Girls by Lu Guang/086

三门李逸闻 乔迈/ 138

Sanmen Li Anecdotes by Qiao Mai/138

胡杨泪 孟晓云/ 150

Tears of Populus Euphratica by Meng Xiaoyun/150

原野在呼唤 王兆军/ 163

The Fields Were Calling by Wang Zhaojun/163

热血男儿 李士非/ 183

Hot-blooded Man by Li Shifei/183

卷二

Volume Two

中国农民大趋势（节选）李延国/219

General Trend for Chinese Farmers (Excerpt) by Li Yanguo/219

理论狂人 陈祖芬/261

Theory Fanatic by Chen Zufen/261

神圣忧思录 张 敏/283

A Deliberation on the Divine by Zhang Min/283

强国梦（节选）赵瑜/315

The Dream of Great Power (Excerpt) by Zhao Yu/315

伐木者,醒来!（节选）徐 刚/358

Wake up, Loggers! (Excerpt) by Xu Gang/358

步鑫生现象的反思 周嘉俊/397

Reflection on the Bu Xinsheng Phenomenon by Zhou Jiajun/397

卷三

Volume Three

昆山之路 杨守松/ 425

The Kunshan Path by Yang Shousong/425

飞向太空港（节选）李鸣生/465

Flying to the Spaceport (Excerpt) by Li Mingsheng/465

东方风来满眼春 陈锡添/526

Vigor of Spring Greets the Eyes as the Warm Wind Comes by Chen Xitian/526

好梦将圆时 江永红/539

When Good Dreams Come True by Jiang Yonghong/539

智慧风暴（节选）王宏甲/573

The Storm of Wisdom (Excerpt) by Wang Hongjia/573

卷四

Volume Four

4万:400万的牵挂 张雅文/ 625

Zhang Yawen/625

香港回归祖国10周年回眸 长 江/ 670

A Look Back at the 10th Anniversary of Hong Kong's Return to China by Chang Jiang/670

木棉花开 李春雷/695

Kapok in Bloom by Li Chunlei/695

休息的革命（缩写本）王宏甲 刘 建/716

Revolution of Rest(Abridged version) by Wang Hongjia, Liu Jian/716

闪着泪光的事业 蒋 巍/758

The Career with Tears by Jiang Wei/758

让百姓做主 朱晓军 李英/ 777

Let Common People Decide by Zhu Xiaojun, Li Ying/777

难回故里 郭冬/817

Guo Dong/817

卷五

Volume Five

国家 何建明/855

The Country by He Jianming/855

蛟龙探海（节选）许 晨/ 915

Xu Chen/915

袁隆平的世界（节选）陈启文/950

Yuan Longping's World (Excerpt) by Chen Qiwen/950

“神舟”天路 兰宁远/ 1011

The Long Journey of“Shenzhou”to Space by Lan Ningyuan/1011

智慧之翼 李青松/ 1044

Intelligent Wing by Li Qingsong/1044

附录 改革开放四十年优秀报告文学存目/ 1060

卷三：2.昆山之路

昆山之路


The Kunshan Path


杨守松


Yang Shousong


开头（之一）


Beginning ( Part one )


中国是ー个梦。


China is a dream.


十月革命一声炮响,马列主义顺势而入,从此中国便做起了社会主义的梦。30 多年以后,有500年历史的故都北京在一夜之间,所有的城门钥匙都换了主人,共 和国国旗在28响礼炮声中冉冉升起。


With the October Revolution, Marxism-Leninism followed the trend, and China has been dreaming of socialism ever since. More than 30 years later, in Beijing, the ancient capital with a history of 500 years, all the city gate keys changed owners overnight, and the national flag of the Republic was raised gradually amidst the sound of 28 gun salutes.


又过了 40年,东欧局势如雪山崩塌,中国梦也变得沉重,变得空前地艰难……


After another 40 years, the situation in Eastern Europe collapsed like a snow mountain, and the Chinese dream became heavy and unprecedentedly difficult.


开头（之ニ）


Beginning (Part two)


1968年最后一天,ー辆破旧的三轮车把我从火车站拉进了破旧的小城。低矮 的屋檐,窄窄的街道,随处可见歪斜的马桶刷子和飘零的裤裆片;冬日的太阳只是 象征性地画了半个圆便匆匆归去了一ー6点不到,小城便寂寞地进入了梦乡。

第二天,我就到城东的西河村“接受贫下中农再教育” 〇

城边上也有不少草屋。全县有好几万户。

这就是“天堂”。这也叫“天堂”？

“穷山恶水血吸虫”,一位县委书记对苏州的昆山做了这个形象的概括。

忽然间这一切都飘逝了、消失了。老城焕然一新,新区拔地而起。西河的草棚 变成了瓦屋,变成了楼房,又变成了厂房和办公楼。56米宽的马路横穿腹部,几十 家企业变魔术一般相继出现。冰箱、彩电已进入寻常百姓家,录像机也正在悄然潜 入农户家中……城乡处处欢声笑语,车水马龙;一年四季商贾云集,游人如织……

过去说,“小昆山”“小六子”,现在改了,叫“小上海”“小蛇口 不是天堂,但可与天堂媲美。


On the last day of 1968, a dilapidated tricycle took me from the train station to a small, run-down county. The low eaves, narrow streets, crooked toilet brushes and coarse cloth briefs are everywhere; the winter sun only symbolically drew a half circle before hurrying back - before six o’clock, the small county had quietly entered into a dreamland. The next day, I went to Xihe Village in the east of the town to "re-educate the poor and lower-middle peasants". There are also many thatched cottages on the edge of town. The whole county1111 has several tens of thousands of households. This is "paradise". Can this also be called ‘heaven’? "Schistosomes in poor mountains and bad waters", a county party secretary made this vivid summary of Kunshan in Suzhou. Suddenly all of this has drifted away and disappeared. The old city is new, and the new area is rising up. The thatched huts in Xihe turned into tile houses, then into buildings, and then into factories and office buildings. The 56-meter wide road crosses the midsection, and dozens of enterprises appear one after another magically. Refrigerators and color TVs have become commonplace in ordinary households, while video recorders are quietly making their way into rural homes. Laughter and joy can be heard everywhere in both urban and rural areas, with bustling traffic and crowds of tourists all year round. Merchants gather from all over, and visitors come in droves. In the past, we used to call it "Xiaokunshan" or "Xiaoluzi", but now this place is known as "Xiaoshanghai" or "Xiaoshekou". Not paradise, but comparable to paradise.


开头（之三）

我和他的驾驶员周一起喝酒。假如他也在,我一定会敬他ー杯。尽管我知道 他是滴酒不沾的。事实上,我也不会喝酒……我曾经做过他的秘书,只是连我自己 也无法相信的是,近1〇年来,我和他说话的时间通通加起来也不到1分钟。我是 跑跑写写而不会说说笑笑的那一类秘书。关于他,我从来没想到要说点什么或写 点什么。但此时此刻,我却急于想见到他,并且想到应该说点什么也写点什么。这 种强烈的欲望全是因为他的“退”而触发的。我忽然想到他的可贵,他的了不起。 我甚至妄想和他讨论一下“社会主义”这个大题目一凭直觉,他是有自己的见解 的。他一直在做,做的人最有发言权。

借着酒劲,我找到了他的家。因为坦诚,只几分钟,我们便各自理解了对方。

Beginning (Part three)

I had a drink with his driver, Zhou.

If he had been there, I would have toasted him.

Even though I know he doesn't drink at all.

In fact, I don't drink either. I was his secretary, but even I can't believe that in the past 10 years, I've spoken to him for less than a minute all together.

I'm the kind of secretary who runs and writes and doesn't talk and laugh.

I've never thought of anything to say or write about him.

But at this moment, I am anxious to see him and think of something to say or write.

This strong desire was triggered by his " withdrawal".

I suddenly thought of his preciousness and his greatness.

I even thought about discussing with him the big topic of "socialism" - intuitively, he has his own opinion.

He's been doing it, and those who do it have the most to say.

Under the influence of alcohol, I found his home.

Because of the honesty, it only took a few minutes for us to understand each other.


第一章借东风催开花千树


Chapter 1 Borrowing the East Wind to Hasten the Blossoming of Thousands of Trees


ー、1+! 乂2


1. "1 + 1 ≠ 2"


大上海旁边有个小昆山。昆山虽小,每年却能卖几亿斤商品粮。“田多劳少, 产量不高,贡献不小,分配蛮好。”这是在全县流传的顺ロ溜。自给自足也自满自 足。小昆山小乐胃也见出明显的小家子气。


"Next to the great city of Shanghai lies a small Kunshan. Although Kunshan is small, it sells billions of pounds of goods each year. 'Many fields and few laborers, low yield but not insignificant contribution, and the distribution is quite fair' is a common rhyme passed down throughout the county. Self-sufficient, but also self-satisfied. Even the small happiness of Kunshan shows a distinct parochialism."


忽然有一天,小昆山发现周围的世界大热闹也大变样了。江阴、无锡的乡镇企 业突飞猛进。张家港、常熟也急起直追。唯独昆山自得其乐,稳坐钓鱼台……


One day, Kunshan suddenly discovered that the world around it had become very lively and changed a lot. The townships and enterprises in Jiangyin and Wuxi had made rapid progress. Zhangjiagang and Changshu were also catching up quickly. Only Kunshan was content to enjoy its own pleasures and remained complacent, sitting idly by.


1984年,姗姗来迟的春风例行公事一般给昆山抹了些许绿意,与往昔不同的 倒是给年过半百的吴克铃捎来ー顶“县长”的乌纱帽。


In 1984, the belated spring breeze brought a touch of green to Kunshan as usual, but what was different this time was that it also brought Wu Kequan, who was over fifty years old, a "county head" cap.


这是ー个不寻常的年代。改革开放唤醒了沉睡5000余年的土地,蕴藏在10 亿人血液里的一切善和恶,一切积极因素和消极因素都释放出来了。国土热火朝 天,国人眼花缭乱,国家日新月异……


This was an unusual era. The reform and opening up awakened the land that had been sleeping for more than 5,000 years, releasing all the good and evil, positive and negative factors hidden in the blood of 1 billion people. The country was thriving, people were dazzled, and the nation was changing rapidly...


无论如何,历史前进了,昆山也前进了,只是一个严峻的现实是:昆山比人家慢 了一步。


In any case, history moved forward, and so did Kunshan, but the harsh reality was that Kunshan was one step behind others.


ー步落后,步步脱节。无锡、江阴靠的是下放工人的机遇,张家港、常熟靠的是 插队青年的机遇,而且他们都曾享受过税收上的优惠一这一切,昆山都没有!


Falling behind by one step led to being out of sync with others. Wuxi and Jiangyin relied on the opportunities brought by workers who were sent down to the countryside, while Zhangjiagang and Changshu relied on the opportunities of the educated youth sent to the countryside, and they all enjoyed tax incentives – none of these were available in Kunshan!


然而,吴克铃却要上。昆山是顾炎武的家乡,“天下兴亡,匹夫有责”,这有气 节也有气势的名句,昆山无人不知,昆山人更不会自甘落后……


However, Wu Kequan was determined to push forward. Kunshan was the hometown of Gu Yanwu, and the famous saying, "Everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world," was well known to everyone in Kunshan, and the people of Kunshan would not accept falling behind...


可是昆山缺资金、缺技术、缺设备、缺人才、缺管理经验。

“缺”是事实,“上”只是ー个美丽的梦。

吴克铃从梦境中醒来面对现实,去找老书记,去找本地的工业行家,还去找满 天飞的采购员


But Kunshan lacked funds, technology, equipment, talent, and management experience.

"Lacking" was the reality, while "rising" was just a beautiful dream.

Wu Kequan woke up from his dream to face reality, seeking advice from the old secretary, local industry experts, and numerous purchasing agents...


渐渐地,他脑子里浮出ー个思路:昆山缺的,东面的邻居上海都有。能不能借 ー下“东风”,能不能和上海攀个亲?当然不是白借,也不是两手空空地巴结。昆 山也有自己的优势:地理位置好,交通方便;土地多、水面多,农副产品开发潜カ大; 劳动カ多,而且廉价。这三个“优”正好是上海的三个“缺”。不是讲“优化组合” 吗?昆山和上海“组合”一下可不可以?


Gradually, an idea emerged in his mind: what Kunshan lacked, its eastern neighbor Shanghai had. Could they borrow the "east wind" and establish a connection with Shanghai? Of course, it wouldn't be a free ride, nor would it be simply trying to curry favor with empty hands. Kunshan had its own advantages: good geographical location, convenient transportation, abundant land and water resources, great potential for agricultural and sideline product development, and a large, cheap labor force. These three "advantages" were exactly the three "shortcomings" of Shanghai. Isn't it about "optimizing the combination"? Could Kunshan and Shanghai "combine" in some way?


这里有个很容易被忽略的常识。生活本身就是加减乘除,就看你怎么做或者 怎么“组合”。1+1,可能是2,可能是。,也可能是3或4或其他。“加”得好,可以 有“乘”的效益,反之,则可能是“减”或“除”的结果。


Here is a common sense that is easily overlooked: life itself is addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, depending on how you do it or how you "combine." 1 + 1 might be 2, 0, 3, 4, or something else. If the "addition" is done well, it can have the benefits of "multiplication"; otherwise, it might lead to the results of "subtraction" or "division."


所以,吴克铃反复宣传1+1尹2的道理,作为借“东风”、横向联合的“理论依 据”。早在!983年,他做副县长时,就给县经济发展总公司出点子,在水泥厂搞补 偿贸易,从上海市协作办公室引进了 500万元资金,使水泥厂的生产能力从4万吨 提升到io万吨;同时,又竭カ促成了昆山印刷厂和上海少儿出版社联营建成了全 国第一家儿童印刷厂。当时,他还开玩笑地对分管工业的副县长说:“我把你的权 夺过来了。”


Therefore, Wu Kequan repeatedly promoted the idea that 1 + 1 ≠ 2, as the "theoretical basis" for borrowing the "east wind" and forming horizontal cooperation. As early as 1983, when he was the deputy county head, he provided ideas for the county's economic development company, engaged in countertrade at the cement factory, and introduced 5 million yuan in funds from the Shanghai Cooperation Office, raising the production capacity of the cement factory from 40,000 tons to 100,000 tons. At the same time, he also facilitated the establishment of the country's first children's printing factory through a joint venture between Kunshan Printing Factory and Juvenile and Children Publishing House, Shanghai. At that time, he jokingly told the deputy county head in charge of industry, "I've taken your power away."


毕竟是副县长,他还不能完全放开手脚。

现在可以了,他要按照自己的思路借“东风”来设计昆山的经济了。


After all, being only a deputy county head, he couldn't fully unleash his potential. Now it’s possible, he can design Kunshan’s economy according to his own ideas by borrowing the “east wind”.


二、不准“自由恋爱”


2. No "free love" allowed


万事开头难。诸葛亮借东风,靠的是“天意”。吴克铃借“东风”,却只能靠 人为。


Everything is difficult at the beginning. When Zhuge Liang borrowed the east wind, he relied on "heaven's will." When Wu Kequan borrowed the "east wind," he could only rely on human effort.


纺织厂的联营ー开始便是有意识的选择。


The joint venture of the textile factory was a conscious choice from the beginning.


纺织厂是1958年“大跃进”的产物,可惜的是,20多年以后,它仍然破败不已。 有人说它最要好的朋友是税务官,因为它是靠免税オ勉强维持生计的。纺工部ー 个部长看过后说:“没有想到,国内还有这样落后的エ厂。希望抓紧技术改造,但最 好能保留一块,作为纺织エ业的ー个文物……”


The textile factory was a product of the "Great Leap Forward" in 1958, but unfortunately, 20 years later, it was still in a state of disrepair. Some people said its best friend was the tax officer because it barely survived by avoiding taxes. A minister of the Textile Ministry visited the factory and said, "I didn't expect that there are still such backward factories in the country. I hope to speed up technological transformation, but it's best to preserve a part of it as a relic of the textile industry..."


为了使这个“文物”进入现代文明,吴克铃想到了钱一平。这时他在上海担任 经济协作办公室副主任。吴克铃毫无保留地介绍了纺织厂的情况,提出了合作的 意向。钱一平对吴克铃的想法十分欣赏,两个人越谈越投机,后来吴问:“龚兆源, 龚老,你熟悉不?”钱一平点点头说:“对了,他是你们昆山的地下党党员,他更应该 为建设家乡出力!”


In order to bring this "relic" into modern civilization, Wu Kequan thought of Qian Yiping, who was then serving as the Deputy Director of the Economic Cooperation Office in Shanghai. Wu Kequan introduced the situation of the textile factory without reservation and proposed the intention of cooperation. Qian Yiping appreciated Wu Kequan's ideas, and the two of them got along well during their conversation. Later, Wu asked, “Do you know Mr. Gong Zhaoyuan?” Qian Yiping nodded and said, "Yes, he is an underground Communist Party member from Kunshan where you stay. He should contribute more to the construction of his hometown."


乌鲁木齐路,上海市经委顾问龚兆源家中来了两位不速之客。他是个热心人, 离休后在家也没ー天真的清闲过,常有家乡的人来找他办这办那。他看到自己和 妻子杜淑珍还有许多共产党人冒着生命危险为之奋斗的故乡至今没有什么大的变 化,心里总不是滋味;但他又十分清楚,解决点紧缺物资什么的,只能救急而不能救 穷,现在家乡的人来找他,一杯茶喝出了味道!这一回,家乡可以“上路” 了 !


Two unexpected guests arrived at the home of Gong Zhaoyuan, a consultant of the Shanghai Municipal Economic Commission on Urumqi Road. He was a warm-hearted person, and even after retirement, he never really had a day of leisure. Many people from his hometown came to him for help. He saw that his hometown, where he, his wife Du Shuzhen, and many other Communists had risked their lives for, had not changed much, and it always left a bad taste in his mouth. But he was well aware that solving problems such as scarce materials could only be a temporary solution, not a way to alleviate poverty. Now, when those two people from his hometown came to him, he could sense the change. This time, his hometown could finally "get on the road."


与此同时,县エ业局的局长也和上海二纺机的厂长严永生联系上了。


At the same time, the director of the County Industrial Bureau also got in touch with Yan Yongsheng, the factory director of Shanghai Second Hand Textile Machine Co., Ltd.


严是个有知识有眼光的企业家,但同时他也清楚现实环境。从一般人的想法 来说,上海和昆山风马牛不相及,双方怎么可能共同去搞ー个企业的?所以他既感 到昆山人能提出这个意向是个大胆的创造,但又怕条条框框紧箍着,即便开了花也 不能结果。所以开头的接触是艰难的。


Yan was a knowledgeable and visionary entrepreneur, but he was also well aware of the current environment. From a common perspective, Shanghai and Kunshan were worlds apart, so how could they possibly work together to build an enterprise? Therefore, he felt that it was a bold creation for the people of Kunshan to propose this intention, but he was also afraid that rigid rules would bind them, and even if they succeeded, they might not bear fruit. Therefore, the initial contact was difficult.


吴克铃心中清楚:这个世界高喊改革,但改革究竟是怎么回事心中都没底。于 是无数改革者只好摸着石头过河。谁也不能保证自己不喝一口水就轻松地到达彼 岸,第一个吃螃蟹的人总是要付出代价的。他说,不管怎么样,还要谈……


Wu Kequan knew that the world was calling for reform, but no one really knew what reform entailed. So countless reformers had to grope their way across the river by feeling the stones. "No one could guarantee reaching the other side without paying a small price." Daredevil always had to pay a price. He said that no matter what, they still had to negotiate...


再说龚兆源,他和钱一平一起,亲自出马,跑到金山石油化工总厂,请他们提供 切片。石化厂和昆山初次签约时,同意给300吨材料。后来吴克铃把钱一平请到 金山来看。钱一平对这一行熟悉,他说:“老吴,300吨肯定不赚钱!”吴克铃心想, 就是要你说这句话,就问:“那你看怎么办?”钱一平快人快语:“这事你别说,我去 找他们!”


Speaking of Gong Zhaoyuan, he and Qian Yiping went together to the Shanghai Jinshan petrochemical complex to ask for supplies. When the petrochemical plant first signed a contract with Kunshan, they agreed to provide 300 tons of components. Later, Wu Kequan invited Qian Yiping to Jinshan for a visit. Qian Yiping was familiar with this line of business, and he said, "Mr. Wu, you definitely won't make money with just 300 tons!" Wu Kexing thought, that's exactly what I wanted you to say, and asked, "What do you think should be done then?" Qian Yiping quickly responded, "Leave this to me, I'll go talk to them."


果然,钱一平去找厂长,批评说:“这样搞,怎么能赢利?”对方知道瞒不了他, 就说:“300吨只能’开伙’罢了。”钱一平说:“再给300吨备用设备好不好?”对方 笑了:“钱主任的话,我敢不听?”吴克铃又抓住这个机会提出,再搞300吨零部件 ……就这样,一下子搞了近1000吨！


Indeed, Qian Yiping went to the factory director and criticized, "How can you make a profit like this?" The factory director knew they couldn't hide it from him and said, "300 tons can only cover the basic needs." Qian Yiping suggested, "How about adding another 300 tons of components for replacement ?" The factory director laughed, "How can I not listen to Director Qian's advice?" Wu Kequan seized this opportunity and proposed an additional 300 tons of components... And just like that, they managed to secure nearly 1000 tons.


耐人寻味的是,在这个过程中,龚兆源几度“重操旧业”,做起了秘密的“地下 工作”,所不同的是,过去是为了政治上的解放,现在是为了经济上的开放;过去的 斗争对象是腐朽的国民党反动派,现在的“对象”则是我们自己政策中某些保守僵 化的条文。


What's interesting is that, during this process, Gong Zhaoyuan had several times "picked up his old trade" and engaged in secret "underground work." The difference was that in the past, it was for political liberation, while now, it was for economic opening-up. The previous opponents were the corrupt Kuomintang reactionaries, whereas the current "targets" were certain conservative and rigid provisions within their own policies.


终于,由吴克铃和龚兆源在龚老家中秘密磋商、逐字推敲修改的协议,被拿到 谈判桌上半公开地进行讨论了。


Eventually, the agreement secretly negotiated and revised by Wu Kequan and Gong Zhaoyuan in Gong's hometown was brought to the negotiation table for semi-public discussion.


1981年12月21日,上海二纺机厂、上海石油化工总厂涤纶ー厂和昆山工业二 局正式草签了一份叫作《关于协作建设纺丝机实验エ场的协议》。


On December 21, 1981, Shanghai Second Hand Textile Machine Co., Ltd., Shanghai Jinshan Petrochemical Complex Polyester Plant 1, and Kunshan Industrial Second Bureau formally drafted an agreement called "Cooperation in Building a Spinning Machine Experimental Workshop."


不知读者有没有注意到,这里面的字眼是极为考究的。首先是“协作”,ー个 宽泛的、笼统的概念,谁都可以接受;接着,是“实验エ场”,是“实验”,不仅是原则 性的,而且冠冕堂皇;又曰“エ场”,不是エ厂,是小工场小作坊,一点也不引人注 目；最后,是“协议”,谦虚且得体,够谨慎的!


I don't know if the readers have noticed, but the wording here is very particular. First is "cooperation," a broad and vague concept that everyone can accept; then, "experimental workshop," which is not only principled but also dignified; furthermore, it's called a "workshop," not a factory – it's a small workshop or a small artisan shop, not something that attracts attention; lastly, "agreement" is humble and appropriate, cautious enough!


然而,就是这样ー份至今仍被人细心保存着的协议,在当时还是关关受阻,寸 步难行


However, such a carefully preserved agreement even now was met with obstacles and difficulties at that time.


跑到苏州,苏州回答:上海是省级市,我批昆山县的企业可以,上海一方,我哪 有权批?


When they went to Suzhou, Suzhou replied: Shanghai is a provincial-level city, I can approve the enterprise in Kunshan County, but how can I approve the one in Shanghai?


到南京,南京答复:江苏还没有跨省市协作办エ厂（工场就是エ厂,这个“阴 谋”被戳穿了）的先例,你和上海一起搞,那你就到上海去批吧!


In Nanjing, they replied: "Jiangsu has no precedent for interprovincial and municipal cooperation in establishing factories (workshops are factories, this "conspiracy" was exposed), so you should go to Shanghai for approval."


到上海,上海答复:好哇,上海人不为上海办事,你跑到江苏去办什么“工场”？ 还有,我上海怎么好批你江苏的企业呢?即便批了,我也拿不到（部里的）计划。


In Shanghai, they replied: "Well, as a person from Shanghai, why are you working for Jiangsu instead of your own city when setting up a 'workshop'? Also, how can I approve your Jiangsu enterprise? Even if I approved it, I wouldn't get the (department's) plan."


这就像是自由恋爱,各自看中了,却没有地方领“结婚证” 〇

当时有句话说:“不准东张西望。”


It was like a love affair where both parties were interested, but there was nowhere to obtain a "marriage certificate."

Back then, there was a saying: "No looking around."


吴克铃是个经济型人才,搞经济不可能离开市场,所以不可能不“东张西望” 〇 小小一个昆山,无论如何不可能孤立地存在和前进。

他说,上海不行,南京不行,我们跑跑北京好不好?于是他们多次北上,到纺织 工业部找处长、找司长、找部长

现在说来有些不可想象:从签订协议到批准项目,经过了整整两年的时间!


Wu Kequan was an economic talent, and dealing with the economy was impossible without considering the market, so he couldn't help but "look around." A small Kunshan could never exist and advance in isolation.

He said that if Shanghai and Nanjing didn't work, they should try Beijing. So they went to Beijing multiple times to meet with the director, secretary, and minister of the Textile Industry Department...

It's somewhat unimaginable now: it took a full two years from signing the agreement to approving the project!


就在这个项目开始实施的时候,吴克铃担任了县长。也正是纺织厂,还有儿童 印刷厂、水泥厂的实践,使他逐步形成了一个概念,找到了一种依托,寻思出来一条 符合昆山实际的发展经济的路子。于是,他规划了一个梦一般的蓝图一


Just as the project began to be implemented, Wu Kequan took up the position of county head. It was precisely the experience of the textile factory, as well as the children's printing factory and the cement factory, that gradually helped him form a concept, find a foundation, and devise a path for economic development that suited Kunshan's actual situation. As a result, he planned a dream-like blueprint:


昆山要上14个500万元以上的重点项目,总投资1.5亿元。

国务院批准了 !4个沿海经济开发区,昆山不是开发区,但要上14个重点 项目。

这是真的吗?

真的。


Kunshan aimed to launch 14 key projects with investments of over 5 million yuan each, totaling 1.5 billion yuan in investments.

The State Council approved 14 coastal economic development zones, and although Kunshan was not one of these zones, it still aimed to launch 14 key projects.

Is this true?

Yes, it is.


三、“吃大亏者”言


2 The Paradox of "Suffering Losses"


我们的人民从来不拒绝改革,但对改革又往往存有一种矛盾的心理。中国是 ー个农业大国,农业人口多。聪明和愚昧、勤劳和懒散、伟大和渺小……这些都相 伴相生着。把握住这一点是ー门艺术。只看一面,非左即右,或太快或太慢。其实 中国的事情是不可不急,不可太急,不可不改革,也不能“ 一步到位”,一口吃出个 胖子来。


Our people have never rejected reform, but often hold a contradictory mentality towards it. China is a major agricultural country with a large agricultural population. Intelligence and ignorance, diligence and laziness, greatness and insignificance coexist. Grasping this is an art. If one only sees one side, they may lean left or right, move too fast or too slow. In reality, China's affairs require both urgency and patience, meaning that reforms are necessary, but cannot be achieved in one step.


昆山人也是矛盾的,既羡慕大上海的繁华,又嫉妒他们的“阔绰”一“高工 资”的上海“阿拉”到昆山喜欢到市场“抢购”,有时会不问价钱只说一句“我全 要了!”


Kunshan residents share this contradiction, admiring Shanghai's prosperity while being envious of their "extravagance." High-wage "Shanghainese" like to visit Kunshan markets and buy without asking the price, sometimes saying, "I'll take them all!"

现在吴克铃却要依托上海的优势来发展昆山的经济ーー和“阿拉”结为好友, 把“阿拉”们ー批ー批地请到昆山来待为座上宾!


Now, Wu Kequan plans to develop Kunshan's economy by relying on Shanghai's advantages, inviting batches of "Shanghainese" to be guests in Kunshan.


于是有些人就表现出ー种情绪,说上海人太精,和他们打交道要吃亏。


Some people feel that dealing with the clever Shanghainese will result in losses.


吴克铃说,吃亏不吃亏,就如怕上海人来了会抬高物价ー样,这笔账,看你怎 么算。


Wu Kequan believes that whether there's a loss depends on how it is calculated.


其实,首先感到“吃亏”的不是昆山而是上海。


In fact, it's Shanghai that initially feels the "loss."


说ー个很有一些传奇色彩的小故事。

一次,吴克铃到北京去,拜访国务院副秘书长顾明。顾明是昆山人,一来二去 就熟悉了。顾明很看重吴克铃清醒独特的经济思路和务实精神,那一回还亲自送 他到飞机场。就在机场候机室,顾明提到,上海金星电视机厂引进设备他出了不少 カ。言者无意,听者有心。吴克铃马上接过话说:“秘书长能不能写个便条,我去上 海找他们认识ー下,有可能的话,在我们昆山办个分厂。”顾明热心,当即就在北京 飞机场的候机室里写了封信让吴克铃带着去找金星电视机厂的一个柯厂长。


A legendary story tells of Wu Kequan's visit to Beijing, where he met with Gu Ming, the deputy secretary-general of the State Council, who was also from Kunshan. Gu Ming appreciated Wu's clear economic thinking and pragmatism, even personally taking him to the airport. During their conversation, Gu mentioned helping Shanghai Jin Xing Television Factory import equipment. Wu seized the opportunity and asked Gu to write a note so he could meet with the factory's director in Shanghai and potentially open a branch factory in Kunshan. Gu Ming, being enthusiastic, immediately wrote a letter in the waiting room of Beijing airport, asking Wu Kequan to take it and meet with Factory Director Ke from the Jin Xing Television Factory.


好事多磨。厂长态度很积极,却有人认为大厂和小县联营是降低身份,要吃大 亏。但他们又碍于顾明的面子,不好明确拒绝。吴克铃并不灰心,ー连跑了四五趟 上海,反反复复,后来オ勉强有了个协议。好在柯厂长看得远,他认为扩大生产势 在必行,而昆山最具建分厂的条件,他力排众议,不改初衷。


Good things don't come easy. Although Factory Director Ke had a positive attitude, some people thought that partnering a large factory with a small county would lower their status and result in significant losses. However, out of respect for Gu Ming, they didn't outright refuse. After several trips to Shanghai and overcoming doubts from both sides, they finally reached an agreement.


Wu openly declared that investors should make money. It's a simple truth: without benefits, why would Shanghai come to Kunshan? All horizontal joint ventures and domestic and foreign investors seek profit. Fortunately, Factory Director Ke had a long-term vision. He believed that expanding production was imperative, and Kunshan had the best conditions for building a branch factory. He overcame the objections and stuck to his original intention.


最后一次,吴克铃在他的小会议室里为协议的草签一直商量到夜里11点 多钟。


上海方面理顺了,昆山自己又感到“吃亏”了。

吴克铃却开宗明义,公开宣称:就是要让投资者赚钱!

ー个简单得不能再简单的道理,没有好处,上海跑到你昆山来干什么?

推而广之,一切横向的联营,所有国内外的投资者,都是冲着有钱可赚、有利可 图来的。


During the last meeting, Wu Kequan negotiated the draft agreement in his small conference room until 11 p.m.

With the Shanghai side settled, Kunshan felt as if they were at a disadvantage.

Wu Kequan, however, openly declared that the goal was to make money for the investors!

A simple truth: if there were no benefits, why would Shanghai come to Kunshan?

In essence, all horizontal partnerships and investors, domestic and international, are attracted by profit and favorable conditions.


只想自己赚,只考虑自己的好处;对方只可“奉献”,只有“义务”,ー看人家有 赚头或赚多一点就眼红,就咬紧牙关憋足了劲死不肯签约,表面上看这是“精”,是 “聪明”,是“原则性强”,实质上,这倒是最狭隘、最可怜、最没出息的小家子气,说 到底,也是真正的吃亏者。


Only thinking about making money for themselves and considering their own interests, they expect the other party to only "contribute" and have "obligations." When they see others making a profit or a little more, they become envious and stubbornly refuse to sign contracts. On the surface, this behavior might seem "shrewd," intelligent, and strong in principles. In reality, however, it reflects the most narrow-minded, pitiful, and unambitious pettiness. Ultimately, they are the ones who truly suffer losses.


这个重点项目差一点就泡汤,成为ー个梦。


This crucial project almost fell through and became a mere dream.


建分厂,要给上海一次性技术转让费15万元,每生产1台黑白电视机再给商 标费15元。


To establish a branch factory, 150,000 yuan was required as a one-time technology transfer fee to Shanghai, and an additional 15 yuan per black-and-white television produced as a trademark fee.


有些人就喊“吃亏”,说这是“不平等条约”。


Some people cried out about the unfairness, claiming it was an unequal agreement.


吴克铃说,技术就是金钱,人家的技术凭什么要无偿送给你昆山?昆山自己生 产的电视机用自己的商标拿出去卖,人家买你昆山牌的还是买上海金星牌的?就 是多花50块100块也还是要买金星的……这就是竞争。金星的牌子打出来了,名 牌本身就是金钱!


Wu Kequan argued that technology is money. Why should someone else's technology be given to Kunshan for free? If Kunshan produced TVs with its own brand, would people buy the Kunshan brand or the Shanghai Jinxing brand? Even if it cost 50 or 100 yuan more, people would still choose Jinxing. This is competition. Once Jinxing's brand becomes well-known, the brand itself is worth money.


竞争是平等的。之所以感到不平等,是因为还不知道什么叫作竞争。


Competition is equal. The reason some people feel it is unequal is that they don't understand what competition is.


从本质上说,只有竞争オ有平等。有多少竞争就有多少平等,没有竞争就没有 平等。


Essentially, only competition can bring equality. The more competition there is, the more equality there will be; without competition, there is no equality.


自然界如此,社会上也ー样。


This is true in nature and in society.


商品（产品）的竞争是血淋淋的。这里没有温情,没有谦让,也不讲“主义”,它 只有一句话:优胜劣汰,不叫你死我活,至少也可以说是你上我下。


The competition among products is brutal. There is no warmth, no concession, and no ideology. The only rule is the survival of the fittest: not a matter of life and death, but at least a matter of rising and falling.


什么叫作吃亏?跳出谈判双方,看全局,看大局,生产发展了,经济上去了,全 社会都有好处,谈不上谁吃亏。


What does it mean to be at a disadvantage? If we look beyond the negotiation table and consider the big picture, if production develops and the economy grows, everyone in society benefits, so there is no real disadvantage.


有时候,在某个特定的情况下,“不平等条约”体现的倒是真平等、大平等!


Sometimes, in specific situations, an unequal agreement may actually reflect true equality and great fairness.


干大事业者不仅能吃小亏,还要敢于吃大亏!

就是说,要在“不平等”里看到平等,要在“吃亏”里面看到便宜。

不然,怎么可能做到起步晚而起点高?

吴克铃的胆识、眼力、干大事业的大将风度,ー开始就咄咄逼人,并且始终表现 出ー种不同凡响的既超前又实在的意识。


Those who undertake great undertakings not only can afford to take small losses but must also dare to take big ones.

That is to say, one must see equality in inequality and find advantages in disadvantages.

Otherwise, how can it be possible to start late but reach a high starting point? 

From the beginning, Wu Kequan demonstrated his courage, insight, and the demeanor of a great leader capable of undertaking great tasks, always showing a remarkable, forward-thinking, and practical awareness.


四、孤独的父母官

4 Lonely Parental Official

14个重点项目在全县城乡铺开了,那声音、那阵势、那气氛、那劲头,真有些像 南泥湾大生产,又有些像20世纪50年代的“合作化”。


14 key projects have been launched in both urban and rural areas throughout the county. The atmosphere, momentum, and vigor are reminiscent of both the great production in Nan Ni Wan and the "collectivization” movement of the 1950s.


这是一片波滚浪翻、喧腾咆哮的土地,几天之前,还是沟渠纵横、青黄相间的田 野,现在它已经成为金星电视机厂昆山分厂的基建工地。


This is a land of rolling waves and roaring tumult. Just a few days ago, it was a field crisscrossed by ditches and interwoven with green and yellow. Now, it has become the construction site for the Kunshan branch of the Shanghai Jin Xing Television Factory.


吴克铃站在这片新旧交替的土地上,脸上露出ー种创造者的笑容。然而,总是 有人不高兴,总是有人不理解,当改革开放后第一次宏观控制的旋风刮下来的时 候,金星电视机厂昆山分厂的筹建工作很快陷入困境,于是矛盾的焦点又一次集中 到吴克铃身上。


Wu Kequan stands on this land where the old and the new intersect, with a smile on his face that reflects the pride of a creator. However, there are always people who are unhappy and who don't understand. When the first macroeconomic control measures were implemented after the reform and opening up, the preparatory work for the Shanghai Jin Xing Television Factory's Kunshan branch quickly fell into difficulty. As a result, the focus of the conflict once again centered on Wu Kequan.


一下子铺那么多摊子,是不是好大喜功?是不是头脑发热?


Trying to do too many things all at once, isn't that overly ambitious? Is it a case of getting carried away?


好社会主义之“大”,喜改革开放之“功”,这一点,他不否认。他始终觉得,作 为ー个共产党员,他欠人民的太多太多,只要有机会,他就要为人民建功立业,做出 最大的奉献。从这个意义上说,好大喜功的人不是多了而是少了,太少了。

He does not deny that his ambition stems from the "greatness" of socialism and the "achievement" of embracing reform and opening up. He always felt that, as a member of the Communist Party, he owed too much to the people, and as long as he had the opportunity, he had to build a career for the people and make the greatest dedication. In this sense, there are not too many overambitious people; in fact, there are too few of them.


头脑发热?他觉得有些好笑。1947年他15岁就到银行做练习生,共和国成立 后始终在经济战线上南征北战,从无锡到上海,从广州到武汉,从国家计委到河西 走廊再到五七干校的窑厂……正面的反面的、酸的甜的、苦的辣的,一切的一切都 告诉他:无论如何都不能再搞政治运动,无论如何都不能再用搞政治运动的那ー套 来搞经济建设。正是在把握这个基本点的前提下,他苦苦地寻觅出“东张西望”、 横向联合的路子,在充分调查论证的基础上オ确定了 14个重点建设项目。


Getting carried away? He finds this somewhat amusing. In 1947, when he was 15 years old, he started as an apprentice in a bank. After the founding of the People's Republic, he fought on the economic front, from Wuxi to Shanghai, from Guangzhou to Wuhan, from the State Planning Commission to the Hexi Corridor, and finally to the kiln factory at the May 7 Cadre School. Both the positive and negative experiences, sweet and sour, bitter and spicy, everything told him: under no circumstances should political movements be pursued again, and under no circumstances should the methods of political movements be used for economic construction. It is precisely on the premise of grasping this fundamental point that he painstakingly explored the approach of "looking in all directions" and forming horizontal alliances. Based on thorough investigation and research, he identified 14 key construction projects.


他是县长是父母官,然而他也是ー个人,他不可能没有自己的想法、自己的顾 虑,也不可能没有他的苦闷、他的孤独与彷徨!


He is the county chief and the Parental officer, but he is also an individual. He cannot possibly not have his own thoughts and concerns, and it is also impossible for him not to have his own frustrations, loneliness, and confusion!


白夜。黑昼。世界的迷离混沌和颠倒反差无情地扰乱了他的思绪。他居然找 不到ー个说话的地方,当然只是ー个很短暂的过程。他生出来ー种少有的孤独感。 这使他在家里不开心,影响了妻子的情绪,在外面也不开心,有时竟会莫名其妙地 激动得脸红脖子粗。好在家里的、外面的,做官的、做老百姓的,一般也了解他的为 人,理解他的艰难处境,所以谁也不会计较他。越是这样,他越是感到忧心如焚,苦 闷无比。他真想飞到北京去,和中南海的决策者们做一番理论。


White night. Black day. The world's disorienting chaos and upside-down contrasts relentlessly disrupt his thoughts. He couldn't find a place to talk, but of course it was only a short process. He felt a sense of loneliness that he had rarely felt before. This made him unhappy at home, affecting his wife's mood. He was also unhappy outside, sometimes even inexplicably becoming agitated, with his face turning red and his neck swollen. The good thing is that the family and the outside, the officials and the people, generally understand his person, understand his difficult situation, so no one will take him seriously. The more this happens, the more he feels worried and miserable. He really wants to fly to Beijing and have a discussion with the decision-makers at Zhongnanhai.


唉!也只能是想想,中国的改革开放还没有到ー个七品芝麻官可以随时和总 书记直接对话的地步。


It's just a thought, as China's reform and opening up haven't reached the point where a low-ranking official can directly communicate with the General Secretary at any time.


那么,和最基层的厂长书记们对话总可以吧?


So, it should be possible to have a dialogue with the most grassroots factory directors and secretaries, right?


阳澄湖畔的巴城镇,古镇旁边正在崛起一个新厂。这是全县14个重点项目之 ー。厂长名叫陆大荣,曾经因为2000元的“经济问题”吃过官司。党委书记和镇长 跑到人事局找方局长,又跑到组织部找沈部长,在分析了陆大荣的历史后提出:此 人可不可转干?可不可当厂长?可以。又问:可以当一个投资1400万元的大厂的 厂长吗?也可以。像这样的人还可以入党吗?根据你说的,当然可以。


Beside Yangcheng Lake's Bacheng Town, a new factory is emerging. This is one of the 14 key projects in the county. The factory director, named Lu Darong, once faced a lawsuit due to an "economic issue" involving 2,000 yuan. The Party Secretary and the town mayor ran to the Personnel Bureau to find Director Fang, and then went to the Organization Department to find Director Shen. After analyzing Lu Darong's history, they raised the question: can this person be transferred to a different position? Can he become the factory director? The answer was yes. They further asked: can he be the director of a large factory with an investment of 14 million yuan? The answer was also yes. Can someone like this join the Communist Party? Based on what you've said, of course he can.


就是这个陆大荣,用拼命三郎的精神创造了“巴城速度”：十天一层楼;工程保 质保量保速度了,每上一层楼他就扛了一头杀好的猪送到工地犒赏“三军”！


It is this very Lu Darong who, with the spirit of a tireless worker, created the "Bacheng Speed": constructing one floor every ten days. He ensured the quality, quantity, and speed of the project. For every floor completed, he carried a slaughtered pig to the construction site to reward the "three armies" (workers).


吴克铃来到工地上,明显地感受到了一种气氛,ー种从群众内心深处诱发出来 的巨大的积极性。


Wu Kequan arrived at the construction site and clearly felt an atmosphere, a tremendous enthusiasm that was evoked from deep within the hearts of the people.


我们的人民永远是可爱的。


Our people are always lovely.


人民迫切希望改变现状,他们欢迎并无条件地参加一切改革,只要这个改革能 够给他们希望,给他们带来好处。


The people are eager to change the status quo, they welcome and unconditionally participate in all reforms, as long as this reform can give them hope and bring them benefits.


吴克铃问陆大荣:“你这速度是不是’太快’了?”


Wu Kequan asked Lu Darong, "Isn't your construction 'too fast'?”


答:“要不是下雨,还可再快一点〇”


Lu Darong replied, "If it weren't for the rain, we could have been even faster."


又问:“还有没有什么困难?”


Wu Kequan further asked, "Are there any other difficulties?”


答:“困难是有的,但同县里的比,就算不上什么了 一我们别的不能做什么, 千方百计把这个项目建成,尽快见效就算是对县委县政府的ー种支持……”


Lu Darong replied, "There are difficulties, but compared to those in the county, they are not significant. We can't do much else, so we will do everything we can to complete this project and see results as soon as possible. That would be our way of supporting the county committee and the county government.”


吴克铃紧握住陆大荣的手,说:“谢谢!”


Wu Kequan firmly shook Lu Darong's hand and said, "Thank you!”


谢谢全县50万人民,谢谢全县上千名厂长、书记……


He would like to express gratitude to the 500,000 people in the county and the thousands of factory directors and Party secretaries throughout the county.


五、“老吴要高速度”


5 Old Wu Demands High Speed


不思量,自难忘,平生坎坷多少事,总把真情相向!


Even without dwelling on it, it's still hard to forget. Through all the ups and downs in life, always face each other with sincerity!


吴克铃从内心里感谢并永远记住那些在困难时候给予自己理解和支持的所有 的人。


Wu Kequan sincerely thanks and will always remember all the people who provided understanding and support during difficult times.


14个重点项目,他ー个ー个跑过来,听汇报,看工程,和基层的厂长书记座谈。 他看到的是ー批实实在在的奋斗者的足迹,感觉到的是ー种抓住了机会就拼命改 变现状的热烈气氛。人民不是用语言而是用行动来称赞改革的。


He went to each of the 14 key projects, listened to the reports, inspected the construction progress, and had discussions with the grassroots factory directors and Party secretaries. He saw the footprints of a group of real fighters, and felt the fervent atmosphere of seizing opportunities and striving to change the current situation. The people praised the reform not with words but with actions.


人民拥护改革,改革属于人民。


The people support the reform, and the reform belongs to the people.


还有两个人,他要深深地感谢他们。


There are two other people to whom he is deeply grateful.


苏州市委书记戴心思来了,他也是听到ー些风声后跑来的。


Secretary of Suzhou Municipality. Dai Xinsi came after hearing some rumors.


平时都很忙,开会了,书记又要照应到各个县市,不可能只听你ー个昆山的县 长说。


Normally, he was very busy, attending meetings and taking care of various counties and cities. It was not possible for him to only listen to the county mayor of Kunshan.


现在可以了。


Now it is possible.


先看,先问,边看边问,然后,在第一招待所,他听吴克铃的汇报。


He first looked and asked questions, and then at the first reception hall, he listened to Wu Kequan's report.


吴克铃还是第一次比较系统地向市委领导汇报自己的经济思路。


It was the first time that Wu Kequan had systematically reported his economic ideas to Secretary of Municipal Party Committee.


戴心思听得极为认真。在大的原则问题上,他是从来不轻易表态的,但这ー 次,他却十分明确地说:“看起来,照你这个路子走下去,昆山有希望。”


Dai Xinshi listened extremely carefully. He never easily expressed his opinions on major issues of principle, but this time he was very clear and said: "It seems that if we continue down this path, Kunshan has hope.


市委书记一句话,使吴克铃挺直了腰杆。


The words of the Municipal Party Committee Secretary straightened Wu Kequan's back.


然而,由于宏观控制的影响,原定由上海金星厂投资的钱拿不出来了。


However, due to the impact of macro-control, the original investment by Shanghai Jin Xing Television Factory factory money could not be obtained.


这个联营厂就这么半途而废了?


Would this joint venture factory be abandoned halfway?


多情总被无情恼。多少心血与汗水,到头来全付于一江春水东流去?吴克铃不相信,也不甘心。


Love is always troubled by the heartless. How much effort and sweat, only to be ultimately carried away by the eastward flowing spring river? Wu Kequan didn't believe it and couldn't accept it.


没有钱不可以借吗?你不好借,我们出面借行不行?


If there's no money, can't we get a loan? If it's difficult for them, how about we step in and secure the loan on their behalf?


吴克铃立刻赶到上海,说明来意:“婚姻”大事,不敢儿戏!联营厂总要办成办 好,资金问题,上海一方的由昆山出面以上海的名义借。


Wu Kequan rushed to Shanghai immediately, explaining the purpose: The "marriage" is a significant matter, not to be taken lightly! The joint venture factory must be established and run well. As for the funding issue, the money that was supposed to be provided by Shanghai will be borrowed in Shanghai's name by Kunshan.


古今中外,不知有没有过这种先例。双方恋爱结婚,甲方应出的钱拿不出了, 就由乙方以甲方的名义去借……


In ancient and modern times, both in China and abroad, no one knows if there has ever been such a precedent. In a love and marriage relationship between two parties, when Party A cannot provide the required funds, Party B borrows on behalf of Party A...


改革是ー个万花筒。改革时期人民的智慧和创造要比平时大大提升。


The reform is a kaleidoscope. During the reform era, people's wisdom and creativity are greatly enhanced compared to ordinary times.


心诚则灵,志坚则成。金星电视机厂昆山分厂就这样在一片风雨中建成投 产了!


With a sincere heart and a determined will, anything can be achieved. In this way, amidst trials and tribulations, Shanghai Jin Xing Television Factory's Kunshan branch was built and put into operation!


14个重点项目在克服难以想象的困难中又以难以想象的速度筹建、生产、 发展。


The 14 key projects were planned, produced, and developed at an unimaginable speed amidst unimaginable difficulties.


14个重点项目是吴克铃的14个心思,14个心思编织着ー个彩色的梦:在适度 风险中创造适宜的速度,让昆山的经济尽快起飞,使昆山的老百姓得到更多的好 处


The 14 key projects were Wu Kequan's 14 concerns, and these concerns wove together a colorful dream: creating a suitable speed within moderate risks, allowing Kunshan's economy to take off as soon as possible, and bringing more benefits to the people of Kunshan.


然而我们的生活中总是有太多的“然而”,要是少一点,少到不至于让人遗恨 终生,更不至于让民族后悔的地步就好了 ーー然而,还是有人对他的路子表示“不 理解”,并且有意无意地制造着ー种舆论、ー种压カ……


However, there are always too many "howevers" in our lives. If only there were fewer, to the point where they would not cause lifelong regrets or even make the nation regretful. Despite this, some people still expressed their "misunderstanding" of his approach, intentionally or unintentionally creating public opinion and pressure...


市委书记不是明确表示肯定了吗?


Didn't the Municipal Party Committee Secretary clearly express affirmation?


省委省政府不也给予关心和支持了吗?


Didn't the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government also provide care and support?


但这还不够,或者说还不足以说明问题。


But this is not enough, or not enough to explain the problem.


“大气候”或日大政策是压缩,是控制。


The "macro environment" or the popular policy is about compression and control.


昆山的“高速度”不是和中央唱“对台戏”吗?


Isn't Kunshan's "high speed" going against the central government's policy?


有一阵子,昆山是苏州市乃至更大范围内议论的重要话题。


For a while, Kunshan became an important topic of discussion in Suzhou and even in a larger scope.


薛暮桥到苏州来了,似乎他对这个话题也感兴趣。


Xue Muqiao came to Suzhou, and it seemed that he was also interested in this topic.


他是提出要实行宏观控制的经济学家之一。


He was one of the economists who proposed the implementation of macroeconomic control.


可是昆山却似乎不受这个“控制”的约束。


However, Kunshan seemed to be unaffected by this "control.”


昆山依然保持“高速度”！


Kunshan still maintained its "high speed"!


这是怎么回事?


What was going on?


他要问个究竟。


He wanted to get to the bottom of it.


吴克铃开始是谨慎的,他小心翼翼的,甚至不敢把昆山经济发展速度的百分比 说出来。但他很快就发觉,这种顾虑是多余的,因为他感到,和经济学家谈经济,也 许更加有利于阐明他的观点和思路。他条理清晰,如数家珍,从头至尾汇报了昆山 的经济现状,14个重点项目的确立和筹建过程,还提出横向联合的依据,等等。


At first, Wu Kequan was cautious; he was very careful, and he even dared not to mention the percentage of Kunshan's economic growth rate. But he soon realized that such concerns were unnecessary because he felt that discussing economics with an economist might be even more beneficial in clarifying his views and thoughts. He presented his points in a clear and organized manner, recounting the current economic situation in Kunshan, the establishment and planning process of the 14 key projects, the rationale for horizontal alliances, and so on.


薛暮桥听了大为惊讶。他没想到ー个县长居然会独立思考创建适合本地情况 的独特路子,也没想到在国家实行宏观控制的情况下这个县仍然能够稳中求快,迅 速地改变着原先的经济面貌。他越听越觉得有滋有味,忍不住频频点头,说:“昆山 搞得不错嘛!”


Xue Muqiao listened with great surprise. He hadn't expected a county mayor to independently think and create a unique path suited to local conditions, nor had he imagined that under the country's macroeconomic control, this county could still pursue steady progress and rapidly change its original economic landscape. The more he listened, the more fascinated he became, and he couldn't help but nod repeatedly, saying, "Kunshan is doing quite well!”


吴克铃接过话来:“现在中央批超高速度,我们完全拥护,宏观失控了,就得从 宏观上去控制;但我也感到,再好的方针政策,都不能搞一刀切,不能仅仅从表面上 去理解,也不能简单地生搬硬套,这样做,好像是’坚决照办’,实际上是偷懒,是教 条,也是ー种对中央政策不尊重的表现……薛老,我的话可能说重了……”


Wu Kequan continued, "Now that the central government has approved the ultra-high speed. We fully support it. When macroeconomic control is lost, it needs to be controlled at the macro level. However, I also feel that no matter how good the policies and guidelines are, they cannot be applied uniformly. We cannot simply understand them superficially or mechanically apply them. Doing so may seem like 'resolutely following orders,' but in reality, it's laziness, dogmatism, and a lack of respect for central policies... Mr. Xue, My words might have been too harsh....”


薛暮桥连忙摆摆手。显然,身居高位的他是很难听到ー个七品芝麻官对他说 真心话的,现在有人向他敞开了心扉,显然是对他的极大信任,他感到高兴,也觉得 欣慰,忙说:“老吴,你说下去!”


Xue Muqiao hurriedly waved his hand. Apparently, it was rare for him, as a high-ranking official, to hear a junior official speak his mind to him. Now that someone had opened up to him, he felt happy and reassured by the great trust, and hurriedly said, "Mr, Wu, please continue!”


“举个简单的例子,我们昆山的ー些项目,已经投入了,厂也建成了,投入了而 不产出,实际是ー种浪费,所以我们就克服困难让它产出。有人就说,这是超高 速……”

"Let me give you a simple example. Some of our projects in Kunshan have already been invested in, and the factories have been built. To invest without producing is actually a waste, so we overcome difficulties to make them produce. Some people say that this is ultra-high speed Some people say, "This is ultra-high speed...”

批“超高速”,是薛暮桥的一贯主张,听到这么说,他不由得想了好一会,这オ 说:“我不是笼统讲的,我是说’固定资产投入不能超高速’,而且,这是就全局就国 家的宏观ー头来说的,像你们这样,从实际出发,走自己的路子,已经投入了,那就 应该尽快见效嘛!”


Criticizing "ultra-high speed" has always been Xue Muqiao's consistent stance. Upon hearing this, he couldn't help but think for a while before saying, "I'm not talking about it in general terms. I mean 'fixed asset investment should not be ultra-high speed.' Moreover, this is from the perspective of the overall situation and the country's macroeconomics. In cases like yours, where you start from reality and take your own path, since you have already invested, you should see results as soon as possible!”


吴克铃心中一热,他感到两个人的心已经相通了。


Wu Kequan felt warmth in his heart, as if the two had reached a mutual understanding.


仿佛意犹未尽,薛暮桥又加重语气说:“老吴,要高速度。”


Seemingly not satisfied, Xue Muqiao added with emphasis, "Mr, Wu, you should aim for high speed.”


好痛快、好潇洒的薛暮桥!


What a forthright and unrestrained Xue Muqiao is!


吴克铃吃了 “定心丸”,薛暮桥也觉得不虚此行,两个人越谈越投机,越投机越 想深谈,可惜薛暮桥不能逗留太久,吴克铃就请他题词留念,薛老略加思索,便提笔 直书——

以上海为依托,发展横向经济联系,促使经济高速度发展。


Wu Kequan felt reassured, and Xue Muqiao also felt that his trip was worthwhile. The two found their conversation increasingly engaging and wanted to delve deeper into their discussion. Unfortunately, Xue Muqiao couldn't stay for too long, so Wu Kequan asked him to write an inscription as a memento. After some thought, Xue wrote the following:


毕竟是著名的经济学家,也毕竟是经过了太多的风风雨雨的人,薛暮桥绝没有 因为自己批判宏观上的“超高速”就不加分析地一概否认微观上的“高速度”;相 反,他实事求是地肯定了昆山的经验,并且用十分明确而又凝练的语言,把这个经 验概括得恰到好处。


Rely on Shanghai, develop horizontal economic connections, and promote high-speed economic growth.


无论你是什么“家”,也无论你是什么权威,都得具备这种胆识,都得具有这种 气量、这等胸怀オ行,否则,人民就不会尊重你,你这个“家”也就脆弱无比,ー碰即 碎


After all, Xue Muqiao is a renowned economist and a person who has experienced many ups and downs. He never blindly denied the "high speed" at the micro-level just because he criticized the "ultra-high speed" at the macro-level. On the contrary, he pragmatically affirmed Kunshan's experience and summarized it aptly with clear and concise language.


社会主义不是也绝不可能只是ー个刻板的模式,社会主义是千百万人的永无 止境的创造,你想用一把刀“切”出个社会主义,就如要一 口吃成个胖子ー样,那オ 是真正的虚幻真正的乌托邦。


No matter what kind of "expert" or authority one is, one must possess this courage, magnanimity, and broad-mindedness. Otherwise, the people will not respect them, and their position as an "expert" will be fragile, easily shattered upon impact.


第二章静静地孕育着辉疊


Chapter II Quietly Breeding Brilliance


依托上海,借“东风”,摸索出一条横向联合的路子,这是吴克铃艰苦思索冒险 实践的重要贡献之一。但生活绝不可能也永远不会如作家笔下所描述的那么简 单、那么平淡。昆山的路,究竟是怎么走过来的,我能够采访能够知道的也仅仅是 一部分。创造者的痛苦又无形中转移到了创作者身上。ー个人要得到理解是多 么艰难。人与人有许多共通之处,但人与人又绝对不ー样。天下父母官多如牛 毛,如焦裕禄者几人?如吴克铃者又有几人?昆山走出了一条自己的路,走出特 色,也走出了成效。社会主义不是乌托邦,就因为千百万人在那里默默地实践和 创造。创造就意味着奉献,能够奉献的人是快乐的。于是吴克铃只字未提他曾经 遭受到的压カ,实在避免不了时就轻描淡写一句带过,他只是平静地思路清晰地回 忆着过去的岁月


Relying on Shanghai, taking advantage of the "east wind," and exploring a path of horizontal collaboration is one of the significant contributions from Wu Kequan's painstaking thinking and adventurous practice. However, life can never and will never be as simple and plain as described by the writer. But life can never be and will never be as simple and uneventful as described by the writer. The path of Kunshan, how it came to be, and what I can learn from interviews and knowledge is only a part of the story. The pain of the creator is invisibly transferred to the creator's shoulders. How difficult it is for a person to be understood. People have many commonalities, but they are also absolutely unique. There are countless parental officials in the world, but how many are like Jiao Yulu? How many are like Wu Kequan? Kunshan has taken its path, showing its uniqueness and achieving results. Socialism is not utopian, precisely because millions of people are silently practicing and creating. Creating means dedication, and those who can dedicate themselves are happy. Thus, Wu Kequan never mentioned the pressures he had faced, and only briefly touched upon them when it was unavoidable. He calmly and clearly recalled the past years.


六、并非异想天开


6 Not a Wild Fantasy


就在实行横向联合的同时,吴克铃开始构思另ー篇大文章,做起了自费开发经 济技术开发区的梦。


While implementing horizontal collaboration, Wu Kequan began to conceive another grand plan: to establish a self-funded economic and technological development zone.


这在当时,一般人连想都不敢想。


At that time, it was something most people wouldn't even dare to think about.


他不仅想了,而且要做!


Yet, not only did he think about it, but he also took action!


金星电视机昆山分厂既是他形成开发区思路的契机,又是他最早的也是成功 的ー个实践。


The establishment of the Kunshan branch of the Shanghai Jin Xing Television Factory was both the catalyst for his development zone idea and his first successful attempt.


批准了的开发区,是国家投资的,政策也是特别优惠的。你要我开发吗?那 么,拿钱来给我用。于是,成千上万甚至是几个亿的人民币如雪花飘飘可以用车载 船装堆成一座小山似的过来了 !


The approved development zones were funded by the state and had special preferential policies. Are you asking me to develop it? Then, give me the money to use. As a result, millions and even billions of RMB, like fluttering snowflakes, could be transported in trucks and boats and piled up like a small hill!


昆山自己搞开发区,初步匡算,基础设施要几千万元。县里财政少得可怜,吴 克铃是两手空空一身“轻”的七品官,至于国家财政,你不在册,那一分钱也不能 给,优惠政策一条也不能有!


To establish a development zone in Kunshan, a preliminary estimate showed that tens of millions of yuan would be needed for infrastructure. The county's finances were pitifully scarce, and Wu Kequan, a low-ranking official with nothing to his name, had no access to national funding since the project was not officially listed. Consequently, not a single cent could be given, and no preferential policies could be applied!


这还不是主要的。


This is not the main issue.


要紧的是风险,这里有经济上的,更有政治上的。建设开发区,好大的口气,好 大的胆子!你的“高速度”已经和中央唱“对台戏”了,难道还要别出心裁自作主张 搞什么开发区吗?


What matters are the risks, which include not only economic ones but also political ones. Establishing a development zone required considerable ambition and courage. Wu Kequan's "high-speed" approach had already contradicted the central government's policies, so would he dare to go against the grain again by establishing a development zone?


当然,他已经找到了横向联合这条路子,但这还不够。作为昆山经济这个总的 “盘子”,方方面面都是联系在ー起的。你要“横联”,你就得具备横联的条件;你要 “外向”,你就得具备吸引外商外资的动人之处。所以开发区绝不是他突发奇想, 更不是心血来潮,一切都是事物本身发展的规律让人产生灵感产生欲望的。这里 的关键就在于你能不能及时抓住这个契机,敢不敢超前ー步做出决策。


Of course, he had already found the path of horizontal collaboration, but that alone was not enough. As a comprehensive part of Kunshan's economy, all aspects were interconnected. To achieve horizontal collaboration, one must possess the necessary conditions; to be outward-oriented, one must have attractive features to draw in foreign investors and capital. Therefore, the idea of a development zone was not a whim, nor was it a sudden impulse. It was the inherent laws of development that inspired and motivated people. The key was whether one could seize the opportunity in time and dare to make a decision that was one step ahead of others.


这是需要胆识的。


This requires courage and insight.


钱从哪里来?不可能等,不可能要,也休想靠什么人的施舍,唯一的也是最可 靠、最踏实的办法是自力更生


Where does the money come from? It's impossible to wait, ask for, or rely on anyone's charity; the only reliable and practical approach is self-reliance.


建设社会主义只能靠自力更生。建设社会主义不可能靠恩赐,也不可能依赖 谁的支援。输血只能救急,而不可能创造ー个活生生的生命,只有依靠本身的机制 增强造血功能才会有新鲜活泼的生命！


Building socialism can only be achieved through self-reliance. It's impossible to build socialism through someone's grace or by relying on support from others. Blood transfusion can only provide temporary relief, but it cannot create a vibrant life. Only by relying on one's own mechanisms to enhance hematopoietic functions can a fresh and lively life be achieved!


搞开发区,即便是国务院批准的,国家也只能给予少量投资。归根齿结底要靠 自力更生,何况,昆山是自己的积极性、自己的要求呢?


Developing an economic zone, even if approved by the State Council, can only receive limited investment from the state. Ultimately, self-reliance is essential, not to mention that it is Kunshan's own initiative and demands.


他相信,过去有不少东西搞错了,但也有很多东西搞对了,不能因为错过就把 对的也否定了。自力更生难道也不对?自力更生符合中国国情,搞社会主义也离 不开自力更生！自力更生永远不会“过时”,自力更生必须也一定要延伸到现在延 伸到将来。


He believes that in the past, many things were done wrong, but there were also many things done right. One should not negate the correct things just because some mistakes were made. Is self-reliance wrong? Self-reliance is in line with China's national conditions, and building socialism cannot be separated from self-reliance! Self-reliance will never be "outdated"; it must and will extend from the present into the future.


只有自力更生才能给昆山的开发区带来希望。


Only self-reliance can bring hope to Kunshan's development zone.


在县长办公会议上,他系统地谈了自己的设想和打算,又拿到县委常委会上去 讨论。吴克铃的主张得到了一致认可。


At the county mayor's office meeting, he systematically discussed his ideas and plans, and then took them to County Party Standing Committee for further discussion. Wu Kequan's proposal received unanimous approval.


消息传开,有人反对,有人怀疑,风声雨声ー阵紧过ー阵,他呢,也有自己的主 意:你说你的,我做我的。


News spread, some opposed, some doubted, and rumors came one after another. As for him, he had his own convictions: let others say what they want, and he would do what he believed in.


于是他开始选址,开始做多方面的调查和考察。


So, he began to choose the location and conduct various investigations and surveys.


昆山的还有外地的经验和教训给了他很多启示。首先在选址上,他果断地否 定了在远离城区的地方,也否定了在老城区基础上的方案。远了,基础设施没有可 以利用的条件,开发费用必然大大增加;近了,在老城区,也不行。老城区4平方公 里,人口早已突破5万,按规定,人均100平方米,这个标准已经是超过了,怎么可能在旧址上再建造ー个新的开发区?


The experiences and lessons from Kunshan and other places provided him with many insights. First of all, in terms of site selection, he decisively rejected the idea of choosing a location far from the urban area, as well as the plan based on the old urban area. If it's too far, there would be no available infrastructure to utilize, and the development costs would inevitably increase significantly. If it's too close, in the old city, that wouldn't work either. The old city area covers 4 square kilometers, and the population has already exceeded 50,000. According to the regulations, the standard is 100 square meters per person. This standard has already been surpassed. How could it be possible to build a new development zone on the old site?


于是选择县城东边的一片土地。这里紧靠苏沪公路,交通极发达,又和老城区 紧紧相连,有不少事可以借助现有的力量。再说,这里已经有了几个不大的工厂, 要发展,也算有一定的基础……


So, a piece of land on the east side of the county town was chosen. This location is close to the Su-Hu Expressway, which has highly developed transportation, and is closely connected to the old city area, allowing for many things to be accomplished with the help of existing resources. Moreover, there are already several small factories here, providing a certain foundation for development...


他把上海的、苏州的和南京的规划专家请了来,一遍遍地考察,一次次地论证。 省里还在昆山召开规划论证会给予支持……


He invited planning experts from Shanghai, Suzhou, and Nanjing to conduct numerous field investigations and evaluations. The provincial government also held planning conferences in Kunshan to provide support...


七、沉重的搬迁


7 The Heavy Relocation


规划只是ー个梦、ー张纸上的蓝图,实施却是ー种艰苦卓绝的战斗一苦就苦 在既要开发,而又不可能向上面要一分钱,苦就苦在既要与方方面面打交道争取他 们的支持,而在事实上又只能偷偷摸摸地进行!


Planning is just a dream, a blueprint; implementation, however, is a bitter and arduous battle. The struggle lies in the need for development without expecting any funding from higher authorities. It is also difficult to secure support from various parties while in reality, everything has to be carried out covertly. 


吴克铃担任了新区的总指挥。接着他调兵遣将,把城建局裴局长和陈副局长 推到了第一线,后来王接任局长也被派到了新区。有的事做得很辛苦,但起点不 高,他看了就不客气地批评,也正是伴随着各种议论和怨言,开发区一天天地在改 变面貌。1988年,开发区从“地下”转到“地上”，6月4日,他又派县委副书记石泉 忠担任常务副总指挥。


Wu Kequan took charge as the commander-in-chief of the development zone.  He then made personnel arrangements, assigning the director and deputy director of the Urban Construction Bureau, Pei and Chen, to key positions in the new development zone. Later, Wang, who succeeded as the director, was also assigned to the new development zone. Some tasks were very challenging, and if the results were not up to his expectations, he would not hesitate to criticize candidly. As various discussions and complaints accompanied the process, the development zone gradually transformed day by day. In 1988, the development zone shifted from "underground" to "above ground." On June 4th, he appointed Shi Quan Zhong, the deputy secretary of the county committee, as the executive deputy commander-in-chief.


新区指挥部就设在娄江河边。只有几间平房,简陋得不如农民的灶屋。斜对 面是金星电视机分厂,与那高大整齐的厂房、办公楼相比,它就显得更加寒酸。


The new development zone's headquarters were set up by the Loujiang River. It consisted of only a few simple single-story houses, even more rudimentary than the farmers' kitchen huts. Diagonally across was the Shanghai Jin Xing Television Factory Kunshan branch, and compared to the tall and neatly arranged factory buildings and office buildings, it appeared even more humble.


这使我想起了延安的窑洞和“干打垒”。


This reminded me of the cave dwellings and "dry brick building" in Yan'an.


就在这里,吴克铃把ー张地图挂到了墙上,图上的线条如蛛网密布,每ー根线 都意味着ー场耗人心血的苦斗。


It was here that Wu Kequan hung a map on the wall, with lines densely covering it like a spider web. Each line represented a painstaking battle that consumed a great deal of effort.


搬迁难,难于上青天!你说要开发エ业区,他不相信,以为是哄小孩,骗他们。 封建和封闭是季生的ー对。对黄土地的眷恋和对新生活的怀疑使他们宁可选择过 去也要抵制未来。以前因为规定一个范围内不准造房,农民结伙起哄,把大队办公 室的桌子都掀翻过几次。


Relocation is difficult, as hard as ascending to the heavens! When people hear about the plan to develop an industrial zone, they don't believe it, thinking it's just a trick to deceive them like telling stories to children. Feudalism and isolation are twin constraints. Their attachment to the loess land and their doubts about a new life make them prefer to choose the past and resist the future. In the past, due to regulations prohibiting construction within a certain area, the farmers would band together, creating a commotion and overturning the tables in the collective's office several times.


搬迁,新区开发工作的一个不大的组成部分。但就是这,也不知要耗费多少 精力!


Relocation is just a small part of the new development zone's work. However, it is not known how much effort will be expended on this!


最紧张、最困难的是朝阳路的拓宽改造,它牵涉到18个单位,拆除房屋面积达 6894平方米,绝大多数又是无偿拆除。为了保证工程的顺利进展,吴克铃亲自做 了动员,又和石泉忠研究了具体的方案。这条路正好在苏沪交通要道上,每天7000 至8000辆的车流量！又不能断路,只好边通车边施工。下雨天,车的钢铁、路的泥 泞,还有人的焦躁组合成一个现代的古战场。争吵摩擦、骂天骂地、拔拳相向也并非绝无仅有,但无论多么纷繁复杂,无论多么恨之入骨,到后来,说明了情由取得了 谅解,双方一个“罢了”的眼神,ー支和解的香烟,还有握别时潇洒的一挥手,都见 出来ー种“改革了”,大家都要忙自己的了。所以“请多关照”的务实精神,也正是 这种精神,使得拓宽筑路始终没出ー个大的事故,这在专业部门看来,也是极为难 能可贵的


The most tense and difficult task is the widening and renovation of Chaoyang Road, which involves 18 units and the demolition of 6,894 square meters of housing, the vast majority of which is non-compensated demolition. To ensure the smooth progress of the project, Wu Kequan personally carried out mobilization work and together with Shiquan Zhong, studied specific plans. This road is strategically located between Suzhou and Shanghai, with a daily traffic volume of 7,000 to 8,000 vehicles. Construction must proceed without disrupting traffic, so vehicles and construction coexist side by side. On rainy days, the combination of car steel, muddy roads, and people's irritability creates a modern version of an ancient battlefield. Arguments, curses, and even physical confrontations are not uncommon. However, no matter how chaotic or intense the conflict is, once the reasons are explained and forgiveness is granted, both parties exchange a "let it be" glance, share a reconciliatory cigarette, and wave goodbye with nonchalance. It demonstrates an understanding of the need for "reform," and that everyone has their own responsibilities to attend to. The practical spirit behind the Chinese saying "请多关照" (please take care of each other) is also what has kept the road expansion project accident-free, which is considered a valuable achievement by professional departments.

在“偷偷摸摸”的心境下埋头苦干,在得到认可之后便轰轰烈烈地建设。规划 是富丽的,实施却是勤俭的、踏实的。只要隔个十天半月,新区就会给人ー种新鲜 感。脚下的路,每时每刻都在延伸……


Under the mindset of working diligently and discreetly, construction proceeds with great enthusiasm once approval is granted. Planning is grand and luxurious, while implementation is frugal and down-to-earth. Every couple of weeks, the new zone brings a sense of freshness to people. The road beneath their feet is constantly extending...


新区并不是一座“孤岛”,它和老城区是ー个完整的构思。新区是在ー张白纸 上画图,老区却要在画好的图纸上进行修改。从某种意义上说,老区的改造比新区 的建设还要难。


The new development zone is not an "isolated island"; it is a part of a complete concept with the old urban area. The new development zone is designed on a blank canvas, while the old district needs modifications on an existing blueprint. In a sense, the transformation of the old district is even more challenging than the construction of the new one.


无论是新区还是老区,最基础、最关键的都是ー个字:路。


Regardless of whether it is a new or old district, the most fundamental and crucial element is one word: road.


路是线条路,是骨架路,是蓝图的筋络,甚至还可以说路就是规划本身。


Roads are lines, skeletons, the framework of a blueprint, and one could even say that roads are the planning itself.


在我的记忆中,老城多为“裤裆巷”。裤裆巷没有故事也没有风流,有的只是 马桶刷子和“龙须沟”。不过,小城的人也习惯了,“文革” 1〇年,照样闹得天翻地 覆;噩梦过去,也仍然一天一天地沾沾自喜着,活得自在、活得舒服、活得坦然。只 是到了 !984年的元宵节,小城的平静オ被打破,于是小城也有了故事。


In my memory, the old town was filled with "crotch alleys.” These alleys had no stories or romantic charm, only toilet brushes and "dragon beard ditches.” However, the people of the small town were accustomed to it; they lived through the tumultuous ten years of the Cultural Revolution, and after the nightmare passed, they continued to live comfortably and contentedly day by day. It wasn't until the Lantern Festival in 1984 that the tranquility of the small town was disrupted, and thus the town began to have its stories.


元宵灯会,不算什么大的事,昆山的父母官们却专门开会,还成立了一个指挥 部。县委书记蔡长林和吴克铃都是谨慎的,他们担心看灯的人太多而道路太窄,结 果观灯的人数还是远远超过了事先的估计。倾城而出,一下子就把街道胀得饱嗝 连天,老态龙钟的小城颤颤巍巍地发出了既快乐又痛苦的呻吟。现场指挥是副县 长徐崇嘉,他提着报话机,站在粮管所的楼上喊得喉咙嘶哑也无济于事。拥挤不堪 的观灯群众潮水一般在一瞬间就把整个小城的主要街道淹没了。据事后“清场” 的人说,被挤掉的鞋子收拢来能够装满ー辆小板车……


The Lantern Festival was not a significant event, yet the local parental officials in Kunshan held a special meeting and established a command center. The county party secretary, Cai Changlin, and Wu Kequan were both cautious, worrying that the large crowds coming to see the lanterns would overwhelm the narrow roads. In the end, the number of people who came to see the lanterns far exceeded their initial estimates. People swarmed the streets, quickly filling them to capacity, making the old town resonate with a mixture of joy and pain. The on-site commander, Deputy County Mayor Xu Chongjia, stood on the roof of the Grain Management Office with his megaphone, shouting until his throat was hoarse, but it was of no avail. The overwhelming crowd of lantern viewers flooded the main streets of the small town in an instant. According to those who cleared the scene afterward, the shoes that had been squeezed off could fill a small flatbed truck...


老城区非改造不可!


The old urban area had to be transformed!


吴克铃当副县长时,就做了两件事,第一件事是改造农民的草房,第二件事就 是拓宽人民路。在县委和老县长孙福贵的支持下,他下决心在1〇米基础上翻ー 番,扩到20米。虽然很难,有些人想不通,又有些人到上面告状,但吴克铃认为,昆 山要起步,必须甩掉包袱,大拆大建一

东西向三条马路,南北向一条主要干道,再加上环城公路,“三横ー竖ー转 圈”,这就是全城人都知道的道路改建规划。


When Wu Kequan was the Deputy County Mayor, he took on two tasks: the first was to renovate the farmers' thatched houses, and the second was to widen People's Road. With the support of the County Party Committee and the former county magistrate, Sun Fugui, he was determined to double the road's width from 10 meters to 20 meters. Although it was difficult and some people couldn't understand, and some even complained to higher authorities, Wu Kequan believed that for Kunshan to take off, it was necessary to shed its burdens and engage in large-scale demolition and construction. Three east-west roads, one main north-south artery, and a ring road formed the "three horizontal, one vertical, and one circular" pattern, which was the well-known road reconstruction plan for the entire city.


也许你很难相信县长会做“乞丐”,但我们所有的县长都做过“乞丐”。城建三 年包干经费是600万元,实际支出是!480万元。还有880万元从哪里来?其中一 条重要来源就是县长做“乞丐”讨来的!


You might find it hard to believe that a county mayor would act as a "beggar," but all of our county mayors have played the role of "beggar.” The three-year budget for urban construction was 6 million yuan, but the actual expenditure was 14.8 million yuan. Where would the remaining 8.8 million yuan come from? One important source was the county chiefs acting as "beggars" and soliciting funds!


吴克铃是第一个“乞丐”。


Wu Kequan was the first "beggar.”

他说,我既做“叫花子”,又做“强叫花子”。那意思很清楚:他晓得你底细,知 道财政包干任务不重,你有钱,要是不给,那就不客气地摊你底牌,做“强叫花子”。 所以,他讨钱,不敢不给。


He said that he played both the role of a "beggar" and a "demanding beggar.” The meaning was clear: he was aware of the financial situations of various parties, and if he knew they had money and didn't contribute, he wouldn't hesitate to expose their financial secrets and play the "demanding beggar.” As a result, when he asked for money, people dared not refuse. However, when it was Xu Chongjia's turn to solicit funds, it became more difficult.


轮到徐崇嘉讨钱时就难了。他只好反反复复苦巴巴地求情,说事情多么多么 重要,而办事的人又多么多么可怜,所以希望局长行长厂长经理兄弟哥儿们,发发 慈悲行行好给个三万五万也好把路铺下去……就这么说着他动了感情,当着那么 多中层干部的面竟也忍不住流下泪来……


When it was Xu Chongjia's turn to solicit funds, it became more difficult. He had no choice but to repeatedly plead, explaining how important the matter was and how pitiful the people who were working on it were. He hoped that the bureau chiefs, bank chiefs, factory directors, and managers would show some compassion and contribute thirty or fifty thousand yuan to help pave the road. As he spoke, he became emotional and, in front of many middle-level cadres, he couldn't help but shed tears.


哦,县长哭了 !县长不为自己哭,他是为干事业哭,为人民谋幸福哭,ー个不想 干事业不想为人民谋幸福的人,怎么肯去做“乞丐”?又怎么可能在这种场合流眼 泪呢?


Oh, the county mayor cried! He didn't cry for himself; he cried for the cause, for the happiness of the people. A person who doesn't want to work for the cause or seek happiness for the people wouldn't be willing to become a "beggar" and wouldn't possibly shed tears in such a situation.


当然,资金也不全靠乞讨,必要时,就得看“吴老板”在资金上能不能给予支持。


Of course, funding didn't solely rely on begging; when necessary, they had to rely on the support of "Boss Wu" in terms of funding.


浦江路计划铺柏油路,后改为水泥路,这就要增加100万元。吴克铃一再强 调,主要干道不能搞“裤裆巷”,不能三年两年破开了肠子再缝起来。这就要“一步 到位” 〇徐的想法正合他意,他便说:“好,再给你!00万元。”


The plan for Pujiang Road was initially to pave it with asphalt, but it was later changed to concrete, which required an additional 1 million yuan. Wu Kequan repeatedly emphasized that the main roads should not be like "narrow alleys," and they couldn't be torn open and sewn back together every two or three years. This required getting it right in "one step." Xu's idea was in line with his thinking, so he said, "Alright, I'll give you another 100,000 yuan.”


这期间,玉山城建办公室两个副镇长全力以赴,ー个是周,技术型的实干家;另 ー个就是潘,主要搞拆迁,3年动迁近千户人家,差不多平均ー天一户,那个烦,那 个难,常人无法想象。好在两个人搭档,文戏武戏都唱得来。他们还有个后台“老 板”一镇党委书记俞寿金,俞对他们说:“大胆放手去做,得罪人也不要怕,党委 支持你们。”


During this period, two deputy town chiefs from the Yushan Urban Construction Office went all out. During this period, two deputy town mayors from the Yushan Urban Construction Office went all out. In three years, nearly a thousand households were relocated, averaging almost one household per day. The difficulties and challenges they faced were beyond the imagination of ordinary people. Fortunately, the two deputies formed a great partnership and were able to handle both civil and martial tasks effectively. They also had the support of their "boss" behind the scenes, the town party committee secretary, Yu Shoujin. Yu told them, "Go ahead and do your job boldly, don't be afraid of offending people, the party committee supports you.”


说是这么说,告状的人总是有,告潘也告周,告俞也告徐。徐的“后台老板”吴 克铃知道了,他能够体会到ー个人在背后遭到暗算时的心情,就对徐说:“这没有什 么,要告,叫他们来告我!”


Though that was the case, there were always people who would file complaints, against Pan, Zhou, Yu, and even Xu. When Xu's "boss" Wu Kequan found out, he was able to empathize with the feeling of being secretly targeted. He told Xu, "Don't worry about it; if they want to complain, let them come and complain to me!”


ハ、路的延伸


8 The Road Extension


新区和老区比翼齐飞,而从这里构思和铺开了头的道路也逐步朝乡区辐射,向 921平方公里的河湖港汉中延伸。


The new and old zones are thriving together, and the roads that originate and expand from here gradually radiate towards Chaoyang district, extending into the 921 square kilometers of rivers, lakes, and ports within the region.


昆山多水多桥,曲里拐弯的河、星罗棋布的湖以及成百上千的大小桥梁,把全 县勾画成一幅旖旎无比的图画。在这里,田园便是公园,整个县城便是ー个园林式 的“威尼斯”。美则美矣,但从发展经济的角度、从古老的封闭文明向现代的开放 文明过渡的需要来看,就有些美中不足,就生生地少了一个字:路。


Kunshan is rich in water and bridges, with winding rivers, a dense network of lakes, and hundreds of large and small bridges, drawing the entire county into an incomparably beautiful picture. Here, the countryside is a park, and the whole county is like a garden-style "Venice". It is indeed beautiful, but from the perspective of economic development and the need to transition from an ancient closed civilization to a modern open civilization, it is somewhat inadequate. One crucial word is missing: roads.


提起路,昆山无人不知老县长孙福贵走的乡路最多。他在当县长的几年中,带 着秘书跑遍了全县每ー个大队（村）,无论刮风下雨,无论冰天雪地,也无论酷暑当 头,他的办公室永远在田头路边。现在他已是县人大常委会主任。因为他走的路 最多,体会特深,所以他对吴克铃关于路的规划也特别支持。在ー次人大常委会讨 论这个问题时他突然中风,经过抢救好不容易オ脱离危险,但他仍然念念不忘农村 公路的建设,还是抱病听汇报,ー起修订规划。他还和徐崇嘉一起带上秘书小陈, 多次下乡察看线路。有一次夏日如火,跑了 20多里后到ー个镇上停下来,秘书浑 身乏力得不想进一粒米,病中的孙福贵累到什么地步更是可想而知。


When it comes to roads, everyone in Kunshan knows that the former county mayor Sun Fugui walked on the country roads the most.” During his years as county mayor, he traveled to every brigade(village) in the county with his secretary, regardless of wind, rain, ice, snow, or scorching heat. His office was always on the side of a field road. Now he is the director of the Standing Committee of the County People's Congress. Because he has walked the most roads and has a deep understanding, he strongly supports Wu Kequan's road planning. During the discussion of this issue at the next Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, he suddenly had a stroke. After a difficult rescue, he was finally out of danger, but he still couldn't forget the construction of rural highways and insisted on listening to reports and revising the plan even while ill. He also accompanied Xu Chongjia, along with his secretary Xiao Chen, on several trips to inspect the rural roads. Once, on a scorching summer day, they traveled more than 20 miles to a town and stopped. The secretary was so exhausted that he didn't want to eat anything, and one can only imagine how tired Sun Fugui, who was ill, must have been.


吴克铃深感路对于发展经济的重要性。他接任县长的第三年,就实现了乡乡 通公路。交通局的两任局长陆宗敏和钱长明付出了艰苦的努力。到去年,总通车 里程延长到186公里,其间修建、改造的大中小桥梁就有264座。


Wu Kequan deeply understood the importance of roads for economic development. In the third year after he took office as the county head, he managed to connect all the townships with highways. The two successive directors of the Transportation Bureau, Lu Zongmin and Qian Changming, put in tremendous efforts. By last year, the total highway distance reached 186 kilometers, with 264 large, medium, and small bridges built or renovated during this time.


多水多桥使昆山的公路要比别处多投入几倍甚至十几倍的资金。1公里柏油 路要20万元,水泥混凝土路则要40万至45万元。路是用“大团结”ー张ー张地铺 起来的!


Due to the numerous rivers and bridges in Kunshan, the investment required for building highways there is several times, or even more than ten times, higher than in other places. One kilometer of asphalt road costs 200,000 yuan, while a cement concrete road requires 400,000 to 450,000 yuan. The roads were built piece by piece through "great unity"!


钱不会从天上掉下来。国家只有一个口袋,你能“掏”多少?吴克铃来了一个 “四拼盘”:国家投入一点,地方负担一点,企业支持一点,交通部门挤出一点。人、 财、物,全从这个“拼盘”里出。说得通俗一点,还是那句老话:自力更生。


Money doesn't fall from the sky. The state has only one pocket, so how much can you "take out"? Wu Kequan came up with a "four-part plan": the state invests a little, the local government bears some costs, enterprises provide support, and the transportation department contributes as well. Human resources, finances, and materials all come from this "four-part plan.” To put it simply, it's about self-reliance.


社会主义建设不搞自力更生只能是乌托邦,或者就必须换ー个称呼不叫社会 主义而叫另外的一个什么“主义”。


In the construction of socialism, without self-reliance, it would only be a utopia, or we would have to change the name to something other than socialism.


偏僻的金家庄一条路筑通后,受益的农民取党委书记潘的谐音喊他“潘大 人”,那么全县乡乡通公路,71%的村通公路并且是泥石路向黑色化（柏油路面）和 灰色化（水泥混凝土路面）改造,对此,老百姓又该怎么称赞吴克铃呢?


When a remote road in Jinjiazhuang was built, benefiting the local farmers, they nicknamed the party committee secretary Pan as "Pan Daren," a name derived from the homophonic sound of his name. With highways connected in every township across the county and 71% of the villages connected by roads that were transformed from dirt to black asphalt or gray cement concrete surfaces, how should the people express their gratitude to Wu Kequan?


吴克铃的思路当然不仅仅是字面上所说的一条“路”,实际上,公路在向城区 周围延伸的同时,政治、经济、观念和文化也由县城延伸和辐射到乡镇、村落。


Wu Kequan's approach is not limited to the literal meaning of a "road." In fact, as the highways extend towards the urban areas, politics, economy, ideas, and culture also spread and radiate from the county seat to the townships and villages.


经济开发区,无论上面知道不知道、承认不承认,也无论外面怎么议论、怎么评 头论足,它的实际作用已经发挥出来,并且很快被其他乡镇领导所接受和效仿。路 在延伸,其更深ー层意义上的效益在这里被聪明的昆山人做出了更为精彩的文章。


The economic development zone, regardless of whether it is recognized or acknowledged by the authorities or debated and evaluated by outsiders, has already demonstrated its practical impact and has been quickly accepted and emulated by other township leaders. As the roads extend, the deeper benefits are brilliantly demonstrated by the clever people of Kunshan.


全县20个乡镇,建起了 15个各具特色的自费经济开发区、220家企业,1989 年的产值有1〇亿多,占全县エ业总产值的25% 〇


In the 20 townships across the county, 15 self-funded economic development zones with unique features have been established, along with 220 enterprises. In 1989, their output value exceeded 10 billion yuan, accounting for 25% of the county's total industrial output value.


现在我们回过头来,看看由吴克铃直接管理的自费经济开发区的路是怎么走 过来的。


Now, let's take a look back at how the self-funded economic development zones, which were directly managed by Wu Kequan, came about.


由于是“偷偷摸摸”,所以开发区一直在使暗劲,它默默地、悄悄地孕育着自己 的辉煌。


Due to their "clandestine" nature, the development zones had been working discreetly, quietly nurturing their own brilliance.


然而,也正因为是自立、自建、自费开发,没有得到上面的认可,更谈不上批准 在册,所以在没有得到权威性的肯定之前,吴克铃的心总是悬着的。


However, it was precisely this self-reliance, self-construction, and self-funding that left the development zone without official recognition or approval. As a result, Wu Kequan's mind was always filled with apprehension, awaiting authoritative affirmation.


不过,ー个开发区,ー个牵涉方方面面的经济区域,怎么可能始终保密,一点风 声也不透出去呢?


But how could it be possible for an entire development zone, an economic area with intricate connections and multiple facets, to remain completely hidden without even a whisper of information getting out?


1986年秋,省委书记韩培信到了昆山。这可使蔡长林和吴克铃犯了难:开发 区的事要不要向他汇报呢?那一片虽然就在县城东侧,但至今还小心翼翼地对外 保密的地方要不要让他看ー看呢?


In the autumn of 1986, Han Peixin, the provincial Party Secretary, paid a visit to Kunshan. This visit placed Cai Changlin and Wu Kequan in a difficult position: should they reveal the existence of the development zone to Han Peixin? Should they allow him to take a glimpse of the area they had been meticulously keeping secret, situated just to the east of the county town?


再三犹豫,还是没敢汇报。


After much hesitation and deliberation, they ultimately decided against reporting the development zone.


但是陪同的市委副书记林瑞章说:“不要紧!去看看吧……”


However, Lin Ruizhang, the accompanying Deputy Party Secretary of the city, reassured them, saying, "Don't worry! Let's go take a look...”


吴克铃和蔡长林被“逼上梁山”,只好让“丑媳妇”去见“公婆”。


Feeling cornered, Wu Kequan and Cai Changlin had no choice but to reluctantly reveal their "ugly bride" - the secret development zone - to the "in-laws," the higher authorities.


韩培信边看边听汇报边思考,然后,回到招待所,对吴克铃说:“搞得不错嘛! 你把开发区的总体构思说说看。”


As Han Peixin toured the area, listened to reports, and contemplated the situation, he seemed impressed. After returning to the guesthouse, he told Wu Kequan, "You've done quite well! Tell me about the overall concept of the development zone.”


吴克铃已经感觉出来,韩培信丝毫没有要批评责备的意思,倒表现出了浓厚的 兴趣,所以连数据都要反复问清楚。吴克铃有了这个小小的但是非常了不得的 “底”,说话就放开了,他如数家珍,从头至今,娓娓道来……


Wu Kequan could sense that Han Peixin had no intention of criticizing or blaming them. Instead, he displayed a strong interest, even inquiring about the details and data. With this small but incredibly significant "trump card," Wu Kequan became more confident in discussing the project. He recounted the entire story, from its inception until now, in great detail.


可以说,这次韩培信昆山之行是整个经济开发区从“地下”走向“公开”的转 折点。


It could be said that Han Peixin's visit to Kunshan marked a turning point for the development zone, transitioning from being "underground" to becoming "public.”


回到南京,韩培信在省委常委会上讲了昆山自费搞开发区的事,建议有可能的 话都到那里去看看……


After returning to Nanjing, Han Peixin discussed Kunshan's self-funded development zone at a provincial Party standing committee meeting, suggesting that others should visit the area if possible.


没过多久,省委副书记沈达人、省长顾秀莲、副书记孙家正先后到了昆山,县里 的乡镇的开发区都看了,很高兴,很肯定。在当年的省人代会上,顾秀莲在省政府 工作报告中还专门提到了昆山的经济技术开发区。


Before long, Deputy Party Secretary Shen Daren, Governor Gu Xiulian, and Deputy Secretary Sun Jiazheng visited Kunshan one after another. They toured the development zones in the county and townships, expressing satisfaction and affirmation. At that year's provincial People's Congress, Gu Xiulian even mentioned Kunshan's economic and technological development zone in the provincial government's work report.


吴克铃从此放开手脚了。他紧紧抓住这个好机会,立即打报告到市里、省里, 征用了土地,并且在原有开发3.75平方公里的基础上又向南区延扩,开发区的规 划确定为6.18平方公里。


From then on, Wu Kequan seized the opportunity and proceeded without restraint. He quickly submitted reports to the city and provincial governments, requisitioned land, and expanded the original 3.75 square kilometers of development southward. The final plan for the development zone was set at 6.18 square kilometers.


也就在这年冬天,中央和上海的党政领导来到昆山,在县委书记毛阳青和县长 吴克铃的陪同下参观了开发区,给予了充分的肯定和赞扬。


It was during that winter when the central and Shanghai party and government leaders visited Kunshan. Accompanied by County Party Secretary Mao Yangqing and County Mayor Wu Kequan, they toured the development zone and gave their full affirmation and praise.


开发区一炮打响,但开发区的设计者吴克铃的儿子却生病住进了医院。


The development zone made a great start, but Wu Kequan, its designer, faced a personal challenge as his son fell ill and was hospitalized.


九、“爸爸,快救救我”


9 "Dad, please save me”


横向联合的势头正旺,吴克铃紧张地穿梭于上海、苏州、南京、北京和“三线” 厂之间,洽谈接待的日程安排得满满的。偏偏这时候妻子又生病在上海住院,他照 应不了妻子也顾不了儿子,儿子要考电大复习功课自然也顾不了爸爸,父子俩谁也 顾不上谁。有时候很晚了,爸爸回家,看一眼神色疲惫的儿子就不忍心再打搅他, 而是自己动手下ー碗面条便休息。


Amidst the thriving momentum of horizontal collaboration, Wu Kequan was busy traveling between Shanghai, Suzhou, Nanjing, Beijing, and the "third tier" factories, with a packed schedule of negotiations and receptions. Just at this juncture, his wife fell seriously ill and had to be hospitalized in Shanghai. Amidst this crisis, he found himself unable to attend to his wife or his son. Meanwhile, his son, engrossed in his preparation for the university entrance exams, with a specific aim at Kunshan Radio & Television University, naturally found himself unable to care for his father. In these trying times, both father and son found themselves unable to look out for each other. Sometimes, when Wu Kequa n came home late at night, he would see his exhausted son and couldn't bring himself to disturb him. Instead, he would quietly make a bowl of noodles for himself and then rest.


这天,他接待了金星电视机厂的客人,因为双方的发展意向完全一致,所以大 家都很开心,他不会喝酒,便用饮料表示自己的一片诚意。本来晚上他还要到陈墓 镇去,不知是谁提醒他:明天还要做报告,是不是稍微早一点休息,是不是就别再下 乡了?或许是冥冥之中有什么安排吧!按往常惯例他不会同意的,但这一次他居 然点了下头,他让办公室主任沈到陈墓去,自己就回家了。


One day, he received guests from Shanghai Jin Xing Television Factory. As both parties had completely aligned development intentions, everyone was very happy. Wu Kequan didn't drink, so he used a beverage to express his sincerity. Originally, he was supposed to visit Chenmu Town that evening. However, someone reminded him that he had a presentation the next day, suggesting that he should rest a bit earlier and perhaps skip the visit to the countryside. Maybe it was fate that intervened! Normally, he wouldn't have agreed, but this time he surprisingly nodded in agreement. He asked his office director, Shen, to go to Chenmu instead while he returned home.


家在三楼,不算很高,但他爬得很吃カ。工作时再累也会聚精会神,一旦想到 休息要放松一下,全身就像散了架似的一股脑儿往下瘫,他好不容易オ摸出钥匙 开门。


His home was on the third floor, not too high, but he found going up the stairs especially tiring that day. When working, no matter how tired he was, he would always focus intently. But as soon as he thought of resting and relaxing, his entire body would feel like it was collapsing, as if all his energy was draining away. He barely managed to find his keys and unlock the door.


门开了,灯亮着,却没有声音。此时此刻,连日劳累的他多么需要有人端上来 一杯茶,体贴地送上来ー个亲切温暖的微笑啊!但妻子在上海住院,病人更需要有 人陪伴,他没有尽到这个义务,又怎么能奢望其他?


Upon opening the door, he found the lights on, but there was no sound. At this very moment, after days of exhaustion, he longed for someone to offer him a cup of tea and a warm, caring smile. However, with his wife hospitalized in Shanghai and needing even more companionship, he couldn't fulfill that responsibility, so how could he expect anything in return?


然而,儿子小江是在家的呀,往日回来了他总要招呼一声的,今天怎么不见人, 也没有声音?


Nevertheless, his son Xiaojiang was supposed to be home. Usually, when he returned, his son would greet him. But today, there was no sign of him and no sound.


他轻轻推开儿子的房门,不在。正诧异,隐约听得卫生间有微弱的呻吟声。他 的心骤然ー紧,赶快过去ー看,只见小江脸色惨白地蜷曲在地上。小江看见爸爸, 泪水潸然直下,艰难而又急迫地哀求道:“爸爸,快救救我……”


He gently pushed open his son's bedroom door, but he wasn't there. Just as he was growing puzzled, he faintly heard weak groaning coming from the bathroom. His mind suddenly tightened, and he rushed over to see Xiaojiang curled up on the floor, his face deathly pale. Upon seeing his father, Xiaojiang's tears flowed freely, and he pleaded with difficulty and urgency, "Dad, please save me..."


秘书的门被县长敲开了 :“快,帮帮忙……”


The secretary's door was knocked open by the county chief, "Quick, please help...”


县人民医院急诊室,县长心急如焚地守候在已经痛得没有力气喊痛的儿子身 边。只查出白细胞高,却不知是什么病;只晓得满肚满肠子的绞痛,却又吃不准到 底痛在哪ー个部位。


In the emergency room of the county hospital, the county mayor anxiously waited by the side of his son, who was in so much pain that he had no strength left to cry out. The tests revealed elevated white blood cell levels, but the exact cause of the illness remained unknown. All they knew was that there was a severe pain throughout his stomach and intestines, but they couldn't pinpoint the exact location of the pain.


怎么办?他束手无策,只能用企盼和恳求的眼光望着医生,那神色分明在说: “求你们,救救我儿子……”


Feeling helpless, he could only look at the doctors with pleading eyes, as if saying, "Please, save my son...”


医生只好来个“急办法”，“中间开刀”,开出来再找病因,救人要紧,救命要 紧啊!


The doctors, realizing the urgency of the situation, decided to perform an exploratory surgery to find the cause of the problem.


吴克铃也顾不上许多就急急地签了字。


Knowing that saving his son's life was the top priority, Wu Kequan hurriedly signed the consent form.


儿子被推进了手术室。

他的心他的一切也都被带进那个生死未卜的白色世界里去了。


His son was wheeled into the operating room, and Wu Kequan's heart and soul went with him into that uncertain world.


见惯了各种疑难险重病人的医生,这次却表现出惊愕与困惑:开刀后,见到的全是脓!血与脓、脓与肉一片模糊!


The experienced doctors, who had seen countless challenging cases, were astonished and baffled by what they found during the surgery: pus and blood everywhere!


县长的儿子病了怎么拖到这种可怕的地步オ来开刀?


How could the son of the county mayor have let his illness progress to such a terrifying state before seeking treatment?


阑尾穿孔成了严重的腹膜炎,要是再晚ー个小时来医院,就是华佗转世、扁鹊 再生恐怕也无能为カ了。


The boy's appendix had ruptured, leading to severe peritonitis. If they had arrived at the hospital even an hour later, it might have been too late for even the most skilled doctors, such as Hua Tuo or Bian Que, to save him.


假如,吴克铃晚上到陈墓镇去了呢?


What would have happened if Wu Kequan had gone to Chenmu Town that night instead?


这一夜,他没有也不可能合眼,尽管他知道自己没有方法减轻儿子的痛苦,但 他仍然要静静地守候在儿子的病床前,他觉得唯有如此,才能略微补偿ー下心中的 愧疚。


That night, Wu Kequan couldn't and wouldn't close his eyes. Although he knew he couldn't alleviate his son's pain, he still chose to quietly stand by his bedside, hoping to slightly make up for the guilt he felt in his heart.


第二天一早,儿子在发高烧,昏迷中喊着“爸爸”和“妈妈”。妈妈在上海,也在 住院,爸爸就在病床前,可是爸爸又不得不支撑着站起来一他还要去做报告〇


The next morning, his son was running a high fever, calling out for his father and mother in his delirium. His mother was in the hospital in Shanghai, and his father was right by his bedside. However, Wu Kequan had no choice but to stand up and continue with his responsibilities – he had to give a presentation.


他丢下病中的儿子,然后强制着平复了一下自己的心绪,就到电影院去做报告 了。报告的内容不是别的,就是关于昆山的经济开发区一现在他不再担心什么 了,再也用不着偷偷摸摸地搞了。他伸直了腰,理直气壮地宣讲建设开发区的必要 性和可能性,讲开发区已经取得的成就、各方面的评价和今后的打算……


He left his sick son behind and forced himself to compose his emotions before heading to the theater to deliver his presentation. The content of the presentation was none other than the economic development zone in Kunshan. . At that moment, he no longer needed to worry or act covertly. He stood tall and confidently spoke about the necessity and possibilities of building the development zone, the achievements it had already made, the various evaluations, and future plans. 


听得有滋有味、听得全身发热、听得忍不住要为昆山大声呼喊“哦,你真了不 起”的听众们,你们是否知道,为开发区倾注了全部心血的吴克铃县长,此时此刻, 他的内心深处正在为两个病中的亲人流着血……


The captivated audience, who listened with great interest, felt their bodies heat up with excitement, and couldn't help but want to loudly exclaim, "Oh, Wu Kequan, you're truly amazing!" - were they aware that at that very moment, the county chief who had devoted his whole heart and soul to the development zone was silently bleeding inside for his two sick loved ones?


第三章昆山有玉玉在其人


Chapter 3 The Jade of Kunshan Lies in Its People 

十、大学生多多益善


10. The More College Graduates, The Better 


中国必须发展经济。经济上去了,什么话都好说,什么事都好办。离开这个 “中心”去奢谈其他,一切行动、一切思想都可能是“乌托邦” 〇


China must develop its economy. With a strong economy, it becomes easier to discuss issues and tackle problems. Talking about anything else without focusing on this "core" may lead to unrealistic utopian ideas.


发展经济需要奉献。不能一说改革就不讲奉献了。吴克铃的所得也许还不如 ー个驾驶员或ー个乡镇企业的看门老大爷,但他做出了最大的奉献。奉献是ー种 精神一人活在世上,总还是要有一点精神的。


Economic development requires dedication. We cannot stop talking about dedication when it comes to reform. Wu Kequan's income may be less than that of a driver or a gatekeeper in a township enterprise, but he has made the greatest dedication. Dedication is a spirit – people need to have some spirit to live in this world.


发展经济需要人オ。吴克铃当县长时,全县包括助理工程师在内的技术人员 只有!50人,人才如此奇缺,要使昆山经济多快好省地发展是根本不可能的。吴克 铃把人事局方长林、王桢禄找来,下硬任务:一年300个（引进200,分配100）,只许 多不许少!


Economic development requires human resources. When Wu Kequan was the county mayor, there were only 150 technical personnel in the county, including assistant engineers. With such a shortage of talent, it was impossible to develop Kunshan's economy quickly and efficiently. Wu Kequan called in the head of the Personnel Bureau, Lin Fangzhang, and Wang Zhenlu, and gave them a tough assignment: within a year, they must bring in 300 talents (200 through recruitment and 100 through allocation), they were allowed to exceed the target but not fall short!


过去,外地人上门来求人事局想调昆山也调不进,现在,人事局到外地去觅宝

似的招聘人才,想方设法把你“挖”过来〇


In the past, people from other places who wanted to transfer to Kunshan couldn't get in through the Personnel Bureau. Now, the bureau is actively searching for talent outside the city, like treasure hunting, and trying various ways to "dig" you over to Kunshan.


读者也许还记得最早的联营企业“纺丝机实验エ场”,这个企业需要一个懂行 的领导,开始,卢厂长通过上海方面关系三次去某化纤厂,把工程师张昌华借了来。 这个北京化纤学院毕业的大学生,专业知识比较丰富,还翻译过《合成纤维加工手 册》,与人合编过《日英汉纺织エ业词汇》。借用了几个月,便舍不得放了,想调过 来,但张昌华在那边有自己的事业,ー时拿不定主意。吴克铃爱オ如命,他下决心 要把张昌华“挖”过来〇留住人,更要留住心,考虑到张昌华在上海有老母,需要人 照应,妻子出生在上海,到外地工作也不习惯,就采取了果断措施,把她调来昆山, 并且作为昆山常驻上海办事处的工作人员,又通过闸北区政府为其安排了两套房 子,ー套作为办公用,ー套作为住宅用。他又亲自找张谈,诚心希望他能来昆山エ 作。县长考虑得如此周到,他怎么好再推托?没多久,他办好手续调到了昆山……


Readers might recall the first joint venture, the "Spinning Machine Experimental Base," which needed an experienced leader. Initially, Factory Director Lu visited a particular synthetic fiber factory in Shanghai on three occasions, using his connections, Factory Director Lu managed to recruit Engineer Zhang Changhua. He is a college graduate from Beijing Institute of Synthetic Fibers had extensive professional knowledge. He had translated the "Synthetic Fiber Processing Handbook" and co-edited the "Japanese-English-Chinese Textile Industry Vocabulary" with others. After benefiting from his expertise for a few months, they were hesitant to part ways with him and hoped to bring him on board permanently. However, Zhang Changhua had his own career at his original company and was uncertain about staying for a while. Wu Kequan was determined to have Zhang Changhua join his team. In order to win his heart and keep him in Kunshan, he took decisive measures. Considering that Zhang had an elderly mother in Shanghai who needed care and that his wife was born in Shanghai and might not be comfortable working elsewhere, Wu arranged for her to be transferred to Kunshan and work as a staff member at Kunshan's permanent office in Shanghai. Through the Shanghai Zhabei District government, he also managed to secure two housing units for them, one for office use and the other as a residence. He personally approached Zhang once more, sincerely hoping that he would come to work in Kunshan. Given the thoughtfulness of the county mayor, how could Zhang decline? Before long, he had completed the necessary paperwork and transferred to Kunshan.


一旦转变了观念,人事工作就搞得有声有色。最多的一年引进了 300人。在 吴克铃任县长的6年中,先后引进1300多人,加上分配的有3000多人。


Once the mindset was changed, the personnel work was conducted efficiently and effectively. In the busiest year, they recruited 300 people. During Wu Kequan's six-year tenure as the county mayor, more than 1,300 people were introduced, along with over 3,000 assigned personnel.


三千精兵,十万子弟,昆山的经济,就是这么起飞的。


With these elite members, Kunshan's economy took off.


这里还有个小小的插曲,有些人爱嚼舌头,听说外地调来个姓吴的,就说是吴 克铃的亲戚,调来个姓张的,就说是他爱人张德森的亲戚。事实上,ー个也不是。 在ー次会上,他说:“如果说是,也不错;只要能为昆山建设出力,所有引进的人才都 是我的’亲戚’。”


Here was a small anecdote; some people loved gossiping. When they heard that someone with the last name Wu was transferred from another region, they claimed it was Wu Kequan's relative. If someone with the last name Zhang was transferred, they would say it was the relative of his spouse, Zhang Desen.


倒是真有一个亲戚,他的妻弟,想要调来昆山,但是他没有同意。


Interestingly, there was actually a relative who wanted to transfer to Kunshan – his brother-in-law. However, he did not approve of the transfer.


人才也有嫌多的时候,多的时候更能显出ー个领导者的水平。


There can be times when there are too many talents, and it's during these times that the capabilities of a leader truly stand out.


1989年,大学生分配成了一个难题,以前是“抢”,现在是“推”。吴克铃把王桢 禄找去,说:“不能只考虑眼前,急功近利,从昆山经济发展的总体规划来看,眼前用 不着的,将来可能要用,到时候,一下子也急不出来。平常我们和大城市争人才,争 不过他们;现在人家不要,正是ー个机遇。”王和陆就到省人事局要了个名单,全是 国家重点大学的毕业生,居然没人要!吴克铃说:“他们不要,我们要。”于是在计 划外又要了 139个大学生! 1989年,昆山接受和分配的大学毕业生600多人,是历 年来分得最多也是落实单位最快的！


In 1989, job placement for university graduates became a challenging issue. Previously, it was about competing for talents, but now it had become more about pushing them away. Wu Kequan spoke to Wang Zhenlu, saying, "We cannot only focus on the immediate needs and be shortsighted. Considering the overall plan for Kunshan's economic development, talents that may not be needed now could be necessary in the future. At that time, we won't be able to get them all at once.” Wang and Lu went to the provincial personnel bureau and requested a list of graduates from national key universities, who surprisingly were not in demand! Wu Kequan said, "If they don't want them, we will take them." As a result, they recruited an additional 139 university graduates outside of their original plan! In 1989, Kunshan accepted and assigned jobs to more than 600 university graduates, marking the highest number and fastest implementation in their history!


省人事局看到昆山有这种不俗的眼光和非凡的气魄,就到昆山开会,把全省的 人事干部请了来,吴克铃两次到会上发言,他说:“大学生是个宝,人才是个宝,我们 搞经济,建设社会主义,什么都缺,但最缺的还是人才,从很大的程度上说,有了人 ォ就有了一切,所以我们欢迎大学生到昆山来工作……”


Upon seeing Kunshan's impressive vision and extraordinary boldness, the provincial personnel bureau held a meeting in Kunshan and invited personnel officials from across the province. Wu Kequan spoke twice at the meeting, saying, "University graduates are treasures, and talents are treasures. In developing our economy and building socialism, we lack many things, but what we lack most is talent. To a large extent, having talent means having everything. Therefore, we welcome university graduates to come and work in Kunshan...”


十ー、走出“误区”


10. Breaking out of the "Misconception”


靠分配和引进并不是吴克铃人才观的全部。他ー开始就把教育和培养自己的 人才纳入“昆山之路”的总体构思。


Relying solely on allocation and recruitment was not the entirety of Wu Kequan's talent philosophy. From the beginning, he incorporated education and cultivating local talent into his overall plan for the "Kunshan Path.”


我请宣传部部长陈伯荣谈,他以前是文教局局长,这本账他最清楚。


I asked Minister Chen Borong from the Publicity Department to talk about it, as he was previously the director of the Bureau of Culture and Education and was most familiar with the situation.


昆山原先的基础很差,被称作“苏南的苏北”。吴克铃当县长后,和县委书记 蔡长林一起,花了很大力气,使全县的教育总体水平赶上（有的还超过）了苏州发 达地区,这在全省教育系统是一致认可的。


Kunshan had a poor foundation initially and was referred to as the "Northern Jiangsu of Southern Jiangsu.” After Wu Kequan became the county mayor, he and the county party secretary, Cai Changlin, made great efforts to raise the overall educational level of the entire county, catching up with (and even surpassing) the developed areas of Suzhou. This achievement was unanimously recognized within the province's education system.


如同经济上的突破ー样,在教育上,要没有独立的思考和独特的措施,怎么可 能在几年中就有大的改观?


Just like the economic breakthrough, it would have been impossible to see significant improvements in education within a few years without independent thinking and unique measures.


1983年,昆山开始筹建职业中学,为了省钱,就和经委职校建在ー起,地址就 选在昆山中学后面,共1〇亩地,已经在城建的规划图上圈好。对此,不少人都很满 意,因为毕竟昆山也有了自己的职中,吴克铃却不满意。他和徐崇嘉、陈伯荣ー起 到了现场,经过一番考察,他果断地说,昆中是县里“最高学府”,将来肯定要发展, 这里的土地,一寸也不能动;职业中学不是搞这一所,也不是就搞这么个小的,何况 还有个经委职校,ー共10亩地,无论如何都不够。徐、陈巴不得他说这句话,搬到 别处去,经费势必增加,吴克铃当然考虑到这个,他别的方面“精”得很,昆山人称 “ー支笔”,但对教育,他却是少见的充满大气魄的“大老板” !


In 1983, Kunshan began planning to establish a vocational high school. To save money, they decided to build it together with the Economic Commission vocational school, choosing a location behind Kunshan High School, with an allocated area of 10 acres already marked on the urban planning map. Many people were satisfied with this, as Kunshan finally had its own vocational high school. However, Wu Kequan was not content with it. Together with Xu Chongjia and Chen Borong, Wu Kequan visited the site. After a thorough investigation, he decisively stated that Kunshan Vocational High School was the county's "highest institution" and would definitely need to expand in the future. Therefore, not even an inch of its land should be touched. As for the vocational high school, it wasn't about establishing just one small school, especially since there was also an Economic Commission vocational school planned. The combined 10-acre area would not be enough, no matter how they looked at it. Xu and Chen were eager for him to say this, as moving to another location would inevitably increase expenses. Wu Kequan, of course, had considered this. In other aspects, he was known for being meticulous, and the people of Kunshan referred to him as "a single pen." However, when it came to education, he was a rarely seen, big-hearted "boss"!


两个职校都搬了,第一职中在朝阳新村,征地28亩,至今已投资了 200多万 元;经委职校则另外划地50亩,和电大一起,已投入400多万元。


Both vocational schools were relocated. The first vocational high school was in Chaoyang New Village, with 28 acres of land requisitioned, and more than 2 million yuan invested to date. The Economic Commission vocational school was given another 50 acres of land, together with the radio and Kunshan Radio & Television University, and over 40 million yuan has been invested.


“教育方面像模像样地花钱,是在吴克铃当县长之后。”陈伯荣这样说,“比如, 全县校舍32万平方米,其中22万平方米主要是1984年以后新建改建的。光!989 年,校舍和教学设备的投资就有1038万元!”


"Significant spending on education began after Wu Kequan became the county mayor," said Chen Borong. "For example, the county's school buildings cover a total area of 320,000 square meters, with 220,000 square meters primarily built or renovated after 1984. In 1989 alone, the investment in school buildings and teaching equipment amounted to 10.38 million yuan!”


教师住房,是一大难题,吴克铃下令,每年解决100套! 1985-1987年,真的造 了 300套。但矛盾仍然突出,吴克铃又调度资金,重点投入,1988—1989年两年就 造了 300套。这不仅在昆山历史上从未有过,在整个苏州地区也是罕见的。


Housing for teachers was a significant challenge. Wu Kequan ordered the resolution of 100 housing units per year! From 1985 to 1987, 300 units were indeed built. However, the problem remained prominent, so Wu Kequan allocated more funds, prioritizing investment. In just two years, from 1988 to 1989, another 300 units were built. This accomplishment was not only unprecedented in Kunshan's history, but also rare in the entire Suzhou.


公办教师的各项补贴,全部纳入县里财政解决,每人每年600元上下,全县近 4000人,一年就是200多万元一这ー点,苏州各县市包括市区在内,做到的也只 有昆山一家!


All subsidies for public school teachers were fully covered by the county's finances, amounting to around 600 yuan per person per year. With nearly 4,000 teachers in the county, this amounted to more than 2 million yuan per year. Among all the counties and cities in Suzhou, including the urban area, Kunshan was the only one to achieve this feat!


民办教师历来“低人一等”,但昆山从!988年开始,对民办教师经济上各项补 贴（副食品补贴除外,因为民办教师都有菜地）和公办教师ー样对待,并且ー样实 行结构エ资制,ー样发给岗位责任奖金……仅这一条,民办教师每人每年收入就提高500元左右。


Private school teachers had always been considered "inferior" to others. However, starting in 1988, Kunshan began treating private school teachers on par with public school teachers in terms of various economic subsidies (excluding food subsidies, as private school teachers had their own vegetable plots). They implemented the same salary structure system and awarded the same performance bonuses. With this policy alone, the annual income of private school teachers increased by around 500 yuan per person.


公费医疗,实行财政包干后,每人60元,有些人超过了的,个别乡镇就不肯报, 把发票压在口袋里。吴克铃听说后,就明确规定:教师医疗费的改革和机关同步进 行,在目前情况下,超过的部分不能由学校承担,更不应由教师本人承担,而一律由 乡财政解决,确有困难的,再向县财政申请补助。后来,在ー次乡镇党委书记会议 上,吴克铃说:“如果以后再有教师看病的发票没地方报,就叫他们到财政局去报 销,报过后县财政再向乡财政去要「'这ー项措施,也只有昆山实行,别的县市都没 有实行。


For public healthcare, after implementing a fiscal contracting system from the government, each person was allocated 60 yuan. Some people exceeded this amount, and certain townships were unwilling to report it, keeping the invoices hidden in their pockets. Upon hearing about this, Wu Kequan clearly stipulated that the reform of teachers' medical expenses should be carried out in sync with that of government institutions. Under the current circumstances, the exceeded portion should not be borne by the schools, nor should it be the responsibility of the teachers themselves. Instead, the township finances should take it, and if there are difficulties, they should apply for subsidies from the county finances. Later, at a township party committee secretary meeting, Wu Kequan said, "If teachers can't reimburse medical bills, let them go to the County finance will claim the funds from the township Finance Bureau. After reimbursement, the county finance will claim the funds from the township finance. This is only done in Kunshan, not in other counties or cities.”


十二、请“老虎”下山


12 Inviting the "Tiger" Down the Mountain


昆山的教育正在走出“误区”,人才的观念超前,这オ使全县的文化素质有了 明显的提高,也オ使吴克铃不是永久的孤独者,不是“鹤立鸡群”而仅仅是众多的 人才的一个代表。也正因为此,在这里オ形成了一种氛围,ー种你追我赶争先恐后 创新创优的氛围。从县委、县政府、人大和政协的领导到工厂企业、乡镇干部,平时 都有一种紧迫感,思想的机器总在不停地转动,认为已有的成绩不是终点而是起 点,独创的经验不会终结,而是在实践中不断完善、不断丰富……


Kunshan's education is moving out of the "misguided zone," and its advanced talent concept has significantly improved the overall cultural quality of the county. This has also ensured that Wu Kequan is not a permanent loner, not a "crane standing among chickens" (meaning standing out from the crowd), but merely a representative of the numerous talents. Precisely because of this, an atmosphere has formed here – a competitive environment where everyone strives to innovate and excel, pushing each other to new heights. From the leaders of the county Party committee, county government, People's Congress, and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference to the factory enterprises and township officials, there is always a sense of urgency. Their minds are constantly working, considering that their current achievements are not the endpoint but the starting point. The unique experiences will not end but will be continuously improved and enriched in practice.


于是横向联合的路子,新区开发的路子,苏州第一家中外合资企业所提供的路 子……条条大路通罗马,条条大路都在吴克铃的构思中发出越来越明丽的亮色。


As a result, various approaches emerge: horizontal collaboration, the development of new districts, and the path provided by Suzhou's first Sino-foreign joint venture. Like the saying "all roads lead to Rome," each of these paths shines brighter and more vividly in Wu Kequan's vision and strategy.


昆山有个寒山牌冰箱厂,开头还不错,到后来,冰箱行业名牌迭出,寒山就逐渐 显得“寒酸” 了。ー个副厂长到上海出差,住在旅馆里谈起这件事,旁边有人说: “你们不可以和贵州风华冰箱厂谈谈吗?他们是航天部的,技术、设备的力量都很 雄厚。”那人还告诉他,风华厂的厂长这几天正在上海探亲,可以去找找他……副厂 长立刻赶回昆山向许厂长汇报,许ー听,马上飞车东去,找到了风华厂的吴明展厂 长,对他说:“我们想请你到昆山去看看。”吴明展望着这个不速之客,两手ー摊,抱 歉地说:“我昆山无亲无友,去做啥?”许厂长说:“我们小县小厂,请您去指导指 导。”终于把吴明展拉到了昆山。


Kunshan has a refrigerator factory called Hanshan, which started off quite well. However, as more and more well-known brands emerged in the refrigerator industry, Hanshan gradually began to appear less competitive and somewhat outdated. A deputy factory director went on a business trip to Shanghai and discussed this issue while staying at a hotel. Someone nearby suggested, "Why don't you talk to the Guizhou Fenghua Refrigerator Factory? They are affiliated with the Ministry of Aerospace and have great technical and equipment capabilities." That person also told him that the director of Fenghua Factory was visiting relatives in Shanghai these days and could be contacted. The deputy director immediately returned to Kunshan to report to Director Xu. Upon hearing the news, Xu hurriedly traveled east, found Director Wu Mingzhan of Fenghua Factory, and said, "We would like to invite you to visit Kunshan.” Wu Mingzhan looked at this unexpected guest, spreading his hands apologetically, and said, "I have no relatives or friends in Kunshan, why should I go?" Director Xu replied, "We are a small factory in a small county, and we'd like to invite you to provide some guidance.” In the end, Wu Mingzhan was persuaded to visit Kunshan.


不看则已,ー看还真来劲。原来上海旁边还有这么ー个好地方!昆山的冰箱 厂就在新区,有一定基础,发展前途很广,要是把贵州那边的技术和设备拉过来,这 厂不用花多少钱就可以跃上一个新的档次。


Once he arrived and had a look around, he became genuinely interested and engaged. It turned out that there was such a great place right next to Shanghai! The refrigerator factory in Kunshan was located in the new district and had a solid foundation with a broad prospect for development. If the technology and equipment from Guizhou could be brought over, the factory could leap to a new level without spending much money.


吴克铃得到消息,立刻和吴明展见面。他全面介绍了昆山经济发展的路子,明 确提出要和风华厂联营……


Upon hearing the news, Wu Kequan immediately met with Wu Mingzhan. He comprehensively introduced the path of Kunshan's economic development and explicitly proposed the idea of a joint venture with Fenghua Factory.


这时吴明展心中已经有了意向,他却开玩笑说:“早知你们有这个’阴谋’,我就不到昆山了!”


At this point, Wu Mingzhan already had intentions of cooperation, but he jokingly said, "If I had known you guys had this 'plot,' I wouldn't have come to Kunshan!”


不多久,副县长郑慧珍和皇甫等人ー起到贵州风华厂,向全厂的领导介绍了昆 山的情况,引起对方极大兴趣,联营的事很快进入了洽谈具体项目阶段……


It wasn't long before Deputy County Governor Zheng Huijin and Huangfu and others went to Guizhou Fenghua Machinery Factory together. They introduced the situation in Kunshan to the factory's leadership, which aroused great interest on their part. The joint venture discussions quickly moved into the stage of negotiating specific projects.


大“三线”大有文章可做!吴克铃准确及时地抓住“三线”扩散的时机,一方面 亲自出马,到贵州等地去宣传昆山的优势和横向联营的诚意,同时,在全县号召大 家“把眼光看得远ー些”，“把手伸得长一点”,只要有线索有路子,就千方百计去 争取。


There is much to be done with the "Third Tier" strategy! Wu Kequan accurately and promptly seized the opportunity of "Third Line" diffusion. On the one hand, he personally went to places like Guizhou to promote Kunshan's advantages and the sincerity of horizontal collaboration. At the same time, he called on everyone in the county to "look farther" and "reach out further." As long as there were clues and approaches, they would do everything possible to strive for them.


于是就引出又一个故事。


This led to another story


重庆汽车厂党委书记陈世生,昆山人,他到上海一带考察汽车销售情况,打算 开辟ー个窗口,顺道回家探亲,也拜访了他的老师金达。


Chen Shisheng, the party secretary of Chongqing Automobile Factory and a native of Kunshan, went to Shanghai and its surrounding areas to investigate the automobile sales. He planned to open a new sales channel and took the opportunity to visit his hometown and his former teacher, Jin Da.


退休了的金达也知道昆山出了个横向联合的经验,看到自己的学生是大企业 的领导,灵机ー动,就去告诉吴克铃,吴克铃叫协作办公室的王顺保去找陈世生,邀 请他去看看几个厂。吴克铃说:“你看看昆山有没有可以为你们厂服务（配套）的 地方?”陈世生觉得这是不可能的,他印象中的故乡エ业基础太薄弱,与重汽不可同 日而语。但他看了几个厂以后,这种想法改变了。于是在中午吃饭时吴克铃就介 绍了昆山的投资环境,透露了想联营的意向。陈世生说:“我回去商量一下,就给你 答复。”


Jin Da, who was retired, knew about Kunshan's successful experience in horizontal collaboration. Seeing that his former student was a leader in a large enterprise, he was inspired and went to inform Wu Kequan. Wu Kequan then asked Wang Shunbao from the collaborative office to find Chen Shisheng and invite him to visit several factories in the area. Wu Kequan asked, "Can you see if there are any places in Kunshan that can provide services or support for your factory?" Chen Shisheng felt that this was impossible, as his impression of his hometown's industrial foundation was too weak and could not be compared to that of Chongqing Automobile Factory. However, after visiting several factories in Kunshan, his perspective changed. During lunch, Wu Kequan introduced the investment environment in Kunshan and revealed his intention to seek collaboration. Chen Shisheng replied, "I'll go back and discuss it with my colleagues, and then I'll tell you.”


没多久,电报来了,陈世生请昆山派人去谈联营的事。郑慧珍和金达ー起赶 去,到了红岩汽车厂。原来这个厂在荒无人烟的山沟里,军エ改民用,产品生产了 很多,但都积压在仓库里,销售上有许多难处,比如他们的汽车就进不了上海市区。 郑慧珍说:“我们可以做工作,争取上海放宽政策,为重汽打开方便之门。”重汽的 人将信将疑,心想,我重汽是国家一级企业,实カ和声誉不可谓不小,但努力了多少 年也没能进入上海,你小小的昆山一个县就有这么大能耐?郑慧珍笑笑,没有把话 说满,但说一定尽最大努力……


Not long after, a telegram arrived. Chen Shisheng invited Kunshan representatives to discuss the collaboration. Zheng Huijin and Jin Da went together and arrived at the Hongyan Automobile Factory. It turned out that this factory was located in a desolate mountain valley. It had transitioned from military to civilian use, and produced many products, but they were all stuck in the warehouse due to various sales difficulties. For example, their vehicles were not allowed to enter Shanghai. Zheng Huizhen said, "We can work hard to persuade Shanghai to relax its policies, opening a convenient path for Chongqing Automobile Factory.” People from the Chongqing Automobile Factory were skeptical, thinking that their factory was a national first-class enterprise with a considerable scale and reputation. Despite their efforts for many years, they still couldn't enter Shanghai. Could a small county like Kunshan really have such great capabilities? Zheng Hui Zhen just smiled, not making any promises, but assuring them that she would do her best.


回到昆山,郑慧珍向吴克铃汇报,吴说:“我们ー起做工作。”


Back in Kunshan, Zheng Huizhen reported to Wu Kequan, who said, "Let's work together on this.”


信不信由你,重汽的车进上海市区,这路就是昆山人打通的!


Believe it or not, it was the people of Kunshan who paved the way for Chongqing Automobile Factory to enter Shanghai's city center.


车子能进上海,不等于就有人要买你的车。这时候,昆山的农机二厂已濒临倒 闭,双方谈妥,就在这个厂的基础上办联营厂。8月签约,9月就在昆山以联营厂名 义开订货会。郑慧珍当场保证订货会销5辆。陈世生一听,瞪大了吃惊的眼睛,怀 疑自己是不是听错了,然后就找个机会,偷偷地对她说:“你的口气是不是太大啊? 只要你能销2辆,我这个家乡人脸上就有了面子。”郑慧珍笑笑说:“陈书记您放心, 我不会给您丢脸的,到时候要销不了 5辆,我昆山也要把它吃下来!” ー个月后,订货会开始了。这时的联营厂还没有成型,还没有牌子,就匆匆忙 忙做了个木牌子,挂在农机二厂的大门口。重汽的人看了,不觉心灰意冷,对订货 会根本就不抱多大希望。因为就在这个订货会前,他们在峨眉山也开过订货会,总 共没有订出去三四辆,现在到昆山,在这么简陋可怜的ー个厂里开订货会,能有人 要吗?


But just because the vehicles could enter Shanghai didn't mean people would buy them. At this time, Kunshan's Agricultural Machinery Factory No. 2 was on the verge of closing down. After negotiations between both parties, they decided to establish a joint venture factory based on the existing foundation of this factory. After signing the contract in August, a purchasing fair was held in September under the name of a joint venture factory. Zheng Huizhen promised on the spot to sell 5 cars at the fair. Chen Shisheng was very surprised when he heard this and began to doubt whether he had misheard. He quietly said to her, "Are you being too ambitious? As long as you can sell 2 cars, it will be a face-saving achievement for me as a local.” Zheng Huizhen smiled and said, "Secretary Chen, don't worry, I won't embarrass you. If I can't sell 5 cars, I'll bear the consequences myself." One month later, the purchasing fair began. At that time, the joint venture factory was not yet established and did not have a brand name. They hastily made a wooden sign and hung it at the entrance of the Kunshan's Agricultural Machinery Factory No. 2. The people from Chongqing Automobile Factory looked at the situation and felt disheartened, with little hope for the fair. This was because they had recently held a fair at Mount Emei, where only three or four vehicles were ordered. Now they were in Kunshan, holding another fair in a shabby and poor factory, and they wondered if anyone would even be interested in buying their trucks.


但是奇迹出现了:昆山的订货会签售60多辆,当年兑现的就有10多辆!


However, a miracle happened: the fair in Kunshan resulted in over 60 vehicles being sold, and over 10 of them were delivered that year!


“小昆山”ー鸣惊人!双方的“恋爱”以闪电式的速度结婚了,并且很快有了 “结晶”:双方各投资50%,由重汽提供汽车底盘,在昆山进行改装,1987年到!989 年,3年改装230辆之多;上海宝钢一期工程全是进ロ的“日野”,二期工程则全部 采用昆山的改装汽车……


"Little Kunshan" - a marvel that resounds far and wide! The whirlwind romance between the two parties culminated in a lightning-fast marriage, and soon, a precious "crystallization" was born. Both parties invested 50% each, with Chongqing Automobile Factory providing the vehicle chassis, and modifications took place in Kunshan. From 1987 to 1989, an impressive 230 vehicles were modified over three years. While the first phase of the Shanghai Baosteel project exclusively used imported "Hino" vehicles, the second phase entirely adopted Kunshan's modified vehicles...


十三、昆山的“秘密武器”


13 Kunshan's "Secret Weapon”


横向联合的思路在吴克铃手里是ー篇得心应手永远也作不完的大文章。


The concept of horizontal collaboration effortlessly flourishes in the hands of Wu Kequan, like an endless masterpiece.


当昆山和上海联营的经验在外地推广以后,人们统统把“目标”集中到了上 海,这时,吴克铃又把联合的思路延伸到了“三线”军エ企业,扩散到了全国各地; 而有些人在浅尝辄止小有所得就沾沾自喜的时候,吴克铃又把ー厂一品联合上升 到全行业的联营,并在这个基础上又进ー步建立了纺织品出口基地。


After the successful joint venture between Kunshan and Shanghai was promoted in other regions, people's attention turned to Shanghai. At this point, Wu Kequan extended the idea of collaboration to "third-tier" military enterprises and spread it across the country. While some were content with their limited achievements after only having a small portion of success, Wu Kequan raised the collaboration from a single factory to an entire industry, and on this foundation, he took it a step further by establishing a textile export base.


这里先要说一下花桥镇新浦村的杨秋林。开始他带几个人到上海龙桥乡,在 鸭棚里开出来一片整烫衬衫的工场。不久工场搬回新浦,一次农忙,有3万件美国 童装急需整烫,他借了一台拖拉机,来回运货。一天一夜ー万件,三天三夜全部完 成!后来周贵积担任上海衬衫总厂厂长,他看准大势,意欲扩大加工面。杨秋林听 说,和乡长贝聿综ー起,主动提出,在花桥建联营厂。周贵积说:“要搞,就大刀阔 斧,像模像样地干!”


First, we must mention Yang Qiulin from Xinpu Village, Huaqiao Town. Initially, he led a few people to Longqiao Township in Shanghai, where they set up a workshop for ironing shirts in a duck shed. Soon, the workshop was moved back to Xinpu. During a busy farming season, there was an urgent need to iron 30,000 American children's garments. He borrowed a tractor and transported the goods. In one day and one night, they finished 10,000 pieces, and in three days and three nights, they completed all of them! Later, when Zhou Guiji became the director of the Shanghai Shirt Factory, he saw the bigger picture and wanted to expand the processing scope. Upon hearing this, Yang Qiulin, along with the village head Bei Yuzong, took the initiative to propose building a joint venture factory in Huaqiao. Zhou Guiji said, "If you want to do it, do it boldly and make it decent!”


机不可失。回来后,他们先后征地30.5亩,同时到县里去贷款。黄继忠、郑慧 珍两个副县长还有县政府办公室曾勇、经委宣炳龙、计委戴修良等,拧成一股劲,全 カ以赴跑上海,疏通关节,筹集资金,忙得不亦乐乎。当年9月,就草签协议,双方 各投资100万元,联营办厂生产出口衬衫。


Not wanting to miss the opportunity, they returned and successively requisitioned 30.5 acres of land, while also applying for loans from the county. Deputy county chiefs Huang Jizhong and Zheng Huizhen, along with Zeng Yong from the county government office, Xuan Binglong from the Economic Commission, and Dai Xiuliang from the Planning Commission, joined forces and went all out to visit Shanghai. They cleared obstacles, raised funds, and busied themselves with great enthusiasm. In September of that year, a preliminary agreement was signed, with both parties investing one million yuan each to establish a joint venture factory producing shirts for exportation.


年底,周贵积厂长带了一批人到昆山来专门看望吴克铃,表示衷心的感谢。他 说:“我在上海要搞这么个分厂,别的不说,光图章就要盖72个,72个圆图章至少 要跑3年。”这就是说,在上海3年办不成的事,昆山3个月就办成了。


By the end of the year, Factory Director Zhou Guiji brought a group of people to Kunshan to visit Wu Kequan personally, expressing their heartfelt gratitude. He said, "If I were to set up such a branch factory in Shanghai, I would have to get 72 official seals at least, and it would take at least three years.” This means that what couldn't be accomplished in Shanghai in three years was achieved in Kunshan in just three months.


吴克铃想的却是另一面,他真诚地说:“要我们自己搞,3年也达不到出口水 平;在你们的帮助下,3个月就全部出口 了,所以应该是我们感谢你们


This means that what couldn't be accomplished in Shanghai in three years was achieved in Kunshan in just three months. Wu Kequan, however, saw another aspect of the situation. He sincerely said, "If we were to do it ourselves, it would take us three years to meet the export standards; with your help, we've managed to do it within three months. Therefore, it should be us who are grateful to you.”


真心实意,又是互惠互利,衬衫厂的前途越发光明了。吴克铃抓住这个契机, 几次奔走于上海和昆山之间,力主把衬衫厂办成上海的分厂。上海方面也感到和 昆山打交道可信可靠,便让衬衫厂!985年7月15日正式挂牌:上海衬衫厂分厂。


With sincerity and mutual benefit, the future of the shirt factory became even brighter. Wu Kequan seized this opportunity and traveled several times between Shanghai and Kunshan, advocating for the shirt factory to become a branch of the Shanghai factory. The Shanghai side also felt that dealing with Kunshan was trustworthy and reliable, so on July 15, 1985, the shirt factory was officially designated as the Shanghai Shirt Factory Branch.


吴克铃请上海派人来当厂长。


Wu Kequan invited someone from Shanghai to serve as the factory director.


有人不理解:一个杨秋林就够了 ,为什么还要请个上海人?


Some people didn't understand, arguing that Yang Qiulin was enough, so why bring in someone from Shanghai?


吴克铃说:“上海的管理水平高,再说,人总是要面子的。来了厂长,就会更加 用心出力,联营就会更牢靠,分厂就会办得更好……”


Wu Kequan explained, "Shanghai has a high level of management, and besides, people always care about their reputation. With the arrival of the new factory director, they will be more dedicated and make greater efforts, the joint venture will be more stable, and the branch factory will operate even better..."


事实证明,他的观点是正确的。这一年,新上两条流水线,生产衬衫54万件, 产值540万元,创利50万元,创汇125万美元;截至1989年已经有8条流水线,产 值1540万元,创利270万元,创汇850万美元,均为全市村办企业之冠。


The facts proved that his viewpoint was correct. In that year, two new assembly lines were set up, producing 540,000 shirts with a production value of 5.4 million yuan, generating a profit of 500,000 yuan, and earning 1.25 million US dollars in foreign exchange. By 1989, there were already eight assembly lines, with a production value of 15.4 million yuan, generating a profit of 2.7 million yuan, and earning 8.5 million US dollars in foreign exchange, ranking first among all village-run enterprises in the city.


吴克铃明确宣布:“所有的联营厂,凡是条件具备的,都请上海（或其他省市） 人当厂长。”


Wu Kequan explicitly announced, "For all joint venture factories that meet the conditions, we will invite people from Shanghai (or other provinces and cities) to serve as factory directors.”


苏州市有个领导说:“这是昆山的’秘密武器’厂’


A leader from Suzhou commented, "This is Kunshan's 'secret weapon.'”


为什么昆山的联营厂一般不是貌合神离而是貌联神合?为什么都说上海人很 “精”不好打交道,而昆山和上海的联营却越来越广泛、越来越紧密?


Why is it that Kunshan's joint venture factories are generally united in spirit, rather than only in appearance? Why is it that despite people saying that Shanghai people are cunning and difficult to deal with, the collaboration between Kunshan and Shanghai is becoming more extensive and closer?


因为吴克铃不俗,所以昆山人不俗。


It's because Wu Kequan is extraordinary, and so are the people of Kunshan.


俗,可能精明,但不可能高明;不俗,可能不精明,但可能高明。


Ordinary people might be smart, but not necessarily brilliant; extraordinary people might not be cunning, but they can be brilliant.


高人不多。


There are not many brilliant people.


高人在,能人幸;高人无,能人再多也无用。


When a brilliant person is present, capable people are fortunate; without a brilliant person, even a large number of capable people will be of no use.


ー县如此,一市一省一国也如此。


The same applies to a county, a city, a province, or even a nation.


昆山人不俗,吴克铃不俗,上海人也不俗,梅寿椿、王金林也不俗,所以有了一 个衬衫分厂,接着又有了五个纺织行业的联营厂。


The people of Kunshan are extraordinary, as are Wu Kequan, the people of Shanghai, Mei Shouchun, and Wang Jinlin. Thus, a shirt factory was established, followed by five joint-venture textile factories.


六个厂,虽然少得可怜,但作为ー种努力方向,上海和昆山的纺织行业实行了 全行业的联营。


Despite being only six factories, a humble number, they marked a new direction in the joint efforts of Shanghai and Kunshan's textile industries, which pursued collaboration across the entire sector.


当然,吴克铃想的是下ー步。


Naturally, Wu Kequan was thinking about the next step.


1986年4月,昆山县人民政府与上海市纺织エ业局开始商谈建立纺织出口基 地的事。


In April 1986, the Kunshan County People's Government and the Shanghai Textile Industry Bureau began discussions on establishing a textile export base.


3月15日,吴克铃和王金林专程去南京,向省长顾秀莲汇报了这个打算。顾 秀莲给予充分的肯定,她说:“昆山与上海联合,起步迟,起点高,效果好,对国家、对 上海、对昆山都有好处,路子是对的。”


On March 15th, Wu Kequan and Wang Jinlin made a special trip to Nanjing to report their plans to Gu Xiulian, Governor of Jiangsu province. Gu Xiulian gave her full affirmation, saying: "The collaboration between Kunshan and Shanghai, though late in its start, has a high starting point and has yielded excellent results. It benefits the nation, Shanghai, and Kunshan. This is the right path."


顾秀莲又及时向省委书记韩培信汇报。韩培信明确表示支持,并指示省里有 关部门主动配合,不要“打坝”。


Gu Xiulian also promptly reported to the Provincial Party Secretary Han Peixin. Han Peixin expressed his clear support and instructed the relevant departments in the province to actively cooperate and not to "block" the initiative.


在这期间,纺织エ业部何副部长也积极做工作,促成昆山和上海的联营升级。


During this period, Deputy Director He of the Textile Industry Department also worked actively to promote the upgrade of the joint venture between Kunshan and Shanghai.


4月3日到4日,上海市纺织エ业局局长梅寿椿、副局长王金林,昆山县委书记 毛阳青,县长吴克铃,副县长汪国兴、郑慧珍,还有上海市经委顾问龚兆源,ー起在 昆山进行了为期两天的会谈。作为这个会谈的结果,签订了在昆山建立“上海纺织 品出口联合生产基地”的协议。


On April 3rd and 4th, Shanghai Textile Industry Bureau Director Mei Shouchun, Deputy Director Wang Jinlin, Kunshan County Party Secretary Mao Yangqing, County Mayor Wu Kequan, Deputy County Mayors Wang Guoxing and Zheng Huizhen, as well as Shanghai Economic Commission consultant Gong Zhaoyuan, all gathered in Kunshan for a two-day conference. As a result of this meeting, an agreement was signed to establish the "Shanghai Textile Products Export Joint Production Base" in Kunshan.


联营的作用,合作的威力,ー个正确的思路所能够释放出来的能量是没有止境 的。正是依靠这条路子以及这条路子所积累的实カ和思想,1987年,在全县14个 重点项目全部完成并投产见效的基础上,吴克铃又组织了第二个大的“战役”一 再上29个重点建设项目。除极个别外,已陆续竣工投产……


The impact of joint ventures, the power of cooperation, and the energy that can be unleashed by a correct approach are boundless. It is precisely by relying on this path and the practical experience and ideas it has accumulated that in 1987, Wu Kequan organized the second major "campaign" – launching 29 core projects – on the basis of completing and achieving results for all 14 key projects across the county. With only a few exceptions, these projects have been successively completed and put into operation...


十四、费孝通说“很好”


14 Fei Xiaotong Says "Very Good”


去年10月,吴克铃在苏州向费孝通先生汇报他的经济思路,在讲到“三线”エ 业时说:“过去那些地方我们不能看,保密厂,谁敢去?中央提出搞活国有企业, ’三线‘的军エ厂要扩散,我们就主动去看了。有些厂的设备封存20年了,从来没 人动过,人呢,也ー样,等于封存。我说,我们拿产品来生产,行不行?他们不积极; 到我们这里来做,他们愿意了。我们环境好,位置优越,所以他们有积极性。我认 为,国家应该支持他们出来。”


In October last year, Wu Kequan reported his economic ideas to Mr. Fei Xiaotong in Suzhou. Speaking about the "Third Tier" industries, he said: "In the past, we could not visit those places, as they were confidential factories; who would dare to go? When the central government proposed revitalizing state-owned enterprises, the 'Third Tier' military factories were to be dispersed, and we took the initiative to visit them. Some factory equipment had been sealed for 20 years, never touched by anyone. The same applies to the people, who were virtually in storage as well.” I asked, 'Can we use these products for production, is it feasible?' They were not enthusiastic; but when we invited them to work with us, they were willing. Our environment is good, and our location is advantageous, so they were motivated. I believe our country should support their integration into the broader economy.”


费孝通点点头,赞同他的意见。


Fei Xiaotong nodded his head, agreeing with Wu Kequan's opinion.


吴克铃进ー步阐述自己的想法:“开始我们也担心,与’三线‘军エ企业合资办 企业,会不会动摇’三线’大本营军心?实践证明,搞了联营,非但没有动摇军心, 反而更稳定了。比如,我们与航天部风华机器厂联营办了风华冰箱厂昆山分厂,开 始贵州有些担心,实际上,这个厂有不少技术人员是南方人,比如上海人,在贵州好 多年,一直想回来,但调动很困难,有的工作也不安心。现在办了分厂,一些工程技 术人员可以来昆山安家落户,到上海也很近,可以早晨来昆山上班,傍晚回到家里 休息,这样大家都很满意。而且,国家一旦需要,这些人还可以回到大本营。”


Wu Kequan further elaborated on his thoughts: "At the beginning, we were also worried that establishing joint ventures with 'Third Tier' military enterprises might shake the foundation of the 'Third Tier' military spirit. However, practice has shown that forming joint ventures not only didn't undermine the military spirit but, in fact, made it more stable.” For instance, we established a joint venture with the Aerospace Department's Fenghua Machinery Factory to create the Fenghua Refrigerator Factory's Kunshan branch. Initially, there was some concern from Guizhou, but in reality, many of the factory's technical staff were from the south, such as Shanghai natives. They had been in Guizhou for many years and had always wanted to return but found it difficult to relocate, which affected their focus on work. Now that the branch factory has been established, some of the engineering and technical personnel can settle down in Kunshan. It's also close to Shanghai, so they can commute to Kunshan for work in the morning and return home to rest in the evening. This arrangement has left everyone satisfied. Moreover, if our country needs them, these people can return to their original posts."


费孝通高兴地说:“你支持了我的’三线’军エ企业扩散论!”


Fei Xiaotong happily responded, "You have supported my theory of the dispersion of 'Third Tier' military enterprises!”


第二天,费孝通就到了昆山。临行前,他就说:“可以让新华社发个消息,说我 到昆山实地调查,开发区的情况很好。”


The next day, Fei Xiaotong arrived in Kunshan. Before leaving, he said, "You can let Xinhua News Agency release a news item, saying that I have come to Kunshan for an on-site investigation, and the situation in the development zone is very good.”


考察的结果是十分满意的。昆山的实践、吴克铃的思路,与费孝通长期研究所 形成的理论框架不谋而合。昆山之路就是强国之路。要强国,就必须把经济搞上 去,而发展经济只能靠自力更生。昆山之路之所以可贵,就在于不是你要我发展经 济搞开发区,而是我自己要改革开放要搞开发区,所以オ不是眼睛向上伸手要钱, 而是眼睛向下动手苦干!不在编、不正名、不给政策也干,只要对国家有利、于人民 有益、符合改革开放的大势就坚决地干。缺人才、缺资金、缺技术就“横向”联营, 把东西南北风都借来。没有条件自己创造条件,创造出ー个实实在在生机勃勃的 开发区,然后让你大吃ー惊,不得不佩服,也不得不承认:昆山之路是成功之路,也 是强国之路……


The inspection results were highly satisfactory. The practice in Kunshan and Wu Kequan's ideas coincided with the theoretical framework formed by Fei Xiaotong's long-term research. The path of Kunshan is the path to a strong country. To strengthen the nation, it is essential to boost the economy, which can only be achieved through self-reliance. The value of the Kunshan path lies in the fact that it is not about others urging us to develop the economy and create development zones; instead, it is about our own desire for reform and opening up and our commitment to establishing development zones. As a result, we do not look up and ask for money, but instead, look down and work hard! We will persevere in our efforts, even without official approval, formal recognition, or policy support, as long as they are beneficial to the country, the people, and in line with the general trend of reform and opening up. When facing a lack of talent, funds, or technology, we resort to "horizontal" joint ventures, borrowing resources from all directions. Without existing conditions, we create our own and establish a thriving development zone. Then, we surprise everyone, making them admire and acknowledge that the Kunshan path is a path to success and a path to a strong country...


在考察中,费老还发现,昆山不但有吴克铃这样经验丰富、思路明晰的决策者 和身体カ行的领导,还有一批能量都极其充沛的人。昆山虽小,却不可等闲视之; 昆山起步虽迟,但是一旦觉醒,就疾步起飞,因为在这里有一群不凡不俗、锐意进取 的能人志士。


During the investigation, Mr. Fei also discovered that not only did Kunshan have experienced and clear-minded decision-makers like Wu Kequan and hands-on leaders, but also a group of people with immense energy. Although Kunshan is small, it should not be taken lightly. Though Kunshan's start was late, once awakened, it quickly takes off, as there is a group of extraordinary, ambitious, and enterprising talents here.


费老高龄,难得有机会到昆山一回,吴克铃诚恳地请他题词留念。一向不喜欢 多题字的费孝通先生,这次却毫不吝惜地写下了八个字:

昆山有玉玉在其人


Because of his advanced age, Mr. Fei rarely had the opportunity to visit Kunshan. Wu Kequan sincerely asked him to write an inscription as a memento. Mr. Fei Xiaotong, who usually didn't like to write many inscriptions, generously wrote eight characters this time: 昆山有玉玉在其人 (Kunshan has talents, and they are the true treasures)


十五、“借鸡生蛋”的风波


15 The "Borrowing to Create Wealth" Philosophy


1985年1月,王金华担任城北乡党委书记。他遇到的第一个问题就是学校老 师纷纷要求调动。学校条件太差了,中学建造在泥潭之中,下雨上班自行车没法 推,只好扛在肩上……这当然是由来已久的问题,他却感到有愧,为此想到要为老 百姓办点事。


In January 1985, Wang Jinhua took office as the Party Secretary of the northern part of the county Township. The first problem he encountered was that schoolteachers were requesting transfers in large numbers. The school's conditions were too poor, with the middle school built in a muddy area where it was impossible to walk their bicycles when it rained, leaving teachers no choice but to carry them on their shoulders. This longstanding problem weighed on him, and he wanted to do something for the people.


但是城北没有钱,穷。过去说“白手起家”,而真正的“白手”是根本不可能起 家的。无米之炊,无鸡生蛋,岂不是天方夜谭?


However, the northern part of the county was financially struggling and had no money to spare. In the past, people talked about "starting from scratch," but in reality, it was nearly impossible to achieve anything with truly empty hands. How could one cook without rice or lay eggs without chickens? Wasn't it just a pipe dream?


这时候,吴克铃也面临着同样ー个问题:昆山要发展,开发区要实施,没有钱, 只好唱“空城计”。在综合分析和冷静思考的基础上,他提出借钱办企业,办好企 业再还债,边借债、边生产、边还债。他明确倡导的横向联合,其动因或说是目的之 一,就是通过横联引进资金。借鸡生蛋,有了蛋就可以孵小鸡,鸡可还鸡,也可以再 生蛋。深奥的经济学原理被他用浅显的比喻说得让很多人开了窍。从此“借鸡生 蛋”伴随着横向联合的构思,成为昆山发展经济的又一个公开的秘密。


At that time, Wu Kequan faced a similar problem: Kunshan needed development, and the development zone had to be implemented. Without money, the only option was to rely on a "bluffing strategy.” Based on comprehensive analysis and calm consideration, he proposed borrowing money to run enterprises, repaying debts after the enterprises were well-established, and continuously borrowing, producing, and repaying debts. He explicitly advocated for horizontal collaboration, and one of the driving forces or objectives was to introduce capital. Borrowing chickens to lay eggs allowed one to hatch chicks from the eggs, repay the borrowed chickens, and even produce more eggs. He explained the profound economic principles with a simple analogy, enlightening many people. From then on, "borrowing chickens to lay eggs" accompanied the concept of horizontal collaboration, becoming another public secret in Kunshan's economic development.


王金华就是照这个思路去做的,只是他做得比别人更大胆、更彻底,也更富有 创造性。


Wang Jinhua followed this train of thought, but he was bolder, more thorough, and more creative than others.


党委九个人,六个搞经济。他们用艰苦拼命的精神、用诚恳专ー的信誉、用使 人信服的效益东进上海,北去京都,四面八方,筹借资金。别人摸不着的门槛,他们 熟门熟路;别人不敢进的单位,他们被待若上宾;别人连想都不敢想的资金,他们照 样能借得来……


Out of the nine members of the party committee, six were engaged in economic work. With their relentless determination, sincere dedication, and convincing achievements, Wu Kequan and their team managed to expand their influence in various directions, from Shanghai in the east to Beijing in the north, raising funds from all sides. They were familiar with thresholds others couldn't touch, welcomed as esteemed guests in places others dared not enter, and able to borrow funds others couldn't even imagine.


有了钱就办企业,办好企业赚了钱就好还债,也好发展生产为当地老百姓做 实事。


With money in hand, they established businesses. By running successful businesses, they repaid their debts and contributed to local development, benefiting the common people.


原先,这里沟沟坎坎、坑坑洼洼,只有几家零散的小企业和几个不成型的村落, 如今,这里已经是个名副其实的“昆山大世界” 了。


What was once a place filled with ditches, potholes, a few scattered small enterprises, and underdeveloped villages, has now become a thriving "Kunshan World" in its true sense.


苏州市委副书记周治华在城北调查后,总结出这么几句:教育为本,科技兴乡, 文化搭台,经济唱戏。


After investigating the northern part of Suzhou, the Deputy Secretary of Suzhou Municipality Zhou Zhihua summarized the key elements of their success: "Education as the foundation, technology for rural prosperity, culture as the stage, and economy as the performance.”


然而,就是这么ー个乡,就是在短短几年中使城北发生了几乎是不可思议的变 化的王金华,却遭到了强烈的非议。


However, despite the almost unbelievable transformation of the area in just a few years, Wang Jinhua, who played a crucial role in the development, has faced strong criticism.


非议和责难的焦点集中在借债上。


The focus of the criticism and blame centers on the debt.


吴克铃再清楚不过,发难的由头在城北,而真正的矛头还在县委县政府,在于 他这个领头人。


Wu Kequan is well aware that the real issue lies not only in the northern part of the city but also in the county party committee and the county government, as well as in their own leadership, himself.


再说,基层的干部辛辛苦苦拼命工作遭到不公正的议论和责难时,作为上ー级 的党委和政府,如漠不关心听之任之的话,其后果必将挫伤积极性,再要继续实现 昆山经济的稳步高速发展就不可能了一谁还愿做出头椽子,谁还肯拼命卖カ呢?


Furthermore, when grassroots officials who have worked tirelessly face unfair criticism and blame, if the higher-level party committee and government remain indifferent and unresponsive, the consequences will inevitably dampen enthusiasm. In such a situation, it would be impossible to continue realizing the steady and rapid economic development of Kunshan, as no one would be willing to take the lead or put in their utmost effort.


这当然不是一般性的工作方法上的分歧。


This is certainly not just a general disagreement in work methods.


1988年11月,吴克铃带了顾厚德,“不带任何框框”,到城北实地调查。他们 先听汇报,然后要王金华和乡长余增荣把几张报表拿出来,当然是正规的统计报 表。而且,在昆山谁都知道,吴克铃是经济上的行家、通オ,无论怎么样也是无法瞒 过他的眼睛的。他这次来,就是要掌握第一手资料,就是要看ー看,他构思中的ー 个必要环节一“借鸡生蛋”到底效果如何,值不值得推广?


In November 1988, Wu Kequan, accompanied by Gu Houde, conducted a field investigation in the northern part of the city without any preconceptions. They first listened to a report and then asked Wang Jinhua and Township Mayor Yu Zengrong to present several statistical reports, which were, of course, official and standardized. In Kunshan, everyone knew that Wu Kequan was an expert in economics and had a keen eye; it would be impossible to deceive him. His purpose for this visit was to obtain firsthand information and to assess the effectiveness of a crucial element in his plan – "borrowing to create wealth." He wanted to determine whether this approach was worth promoting.


看了报表,不看企业。吴克铃心中有底了。


After reviewing the reports, Wu Kequan didn't even need to visit the enterprises, as he already had a clear understanding.


外面说欠几个亿,实际上当时只有几千万。


Contrary to the rumors of owing billions, the actual debt at that time was only tens of millions.


还有生的“蛋”呢?


What about the "wealth" created?


还有城北乡的老百姓得到的实惠和好处呢?


What about the tangible benefits and advantages enjoyed by the local people in the northern part?


还有企业的后劲、企业的未来、企业的经济效益呢?


What about the enterprises' potential, future, and economic returns?


如果不借债,如果不联营,城北绝不可能有今天,更不可能有将来!


Without borrowing and forming partnerships, the northern part of the city would not have been able to achieve what it has today, let alone have a future.


吴克铃从城北的经验中进ー步确认和丰富了自己的路子,他和顾ー起草拟了 提纲,吴克铃的观点、思路、对城北的肯定和支持,全都由顾写成了一篇长稿。


Wu Kequan's experiences in the northern part of the county further confirmed and enriched his approach. He and Gu drafted an outline, and Gu wrote a detailed report reflecting Wu Kequan's viewpoints, thoughts, and affirmation and support for the northern part of the county.


县委常委就这事做了专门讨论后,决定在城北召开ー个现场会,把全县的乡 镇长和党委书记,还有县机关部委办局的头头们都召集到城北,到那里看企业,听 介绍,各自发表意见,进行开放式的讨论。然后,县委书记毛阳青根据吴克铃的调 查代表县委县政府做了总结报告。


After a special discussion among the members of the County Party Committee, it was decided to hold a field meeting in the northern part of the county. Township mayors, party committee secretaries from the entire county, as well as leaders from county-level departments, bureaus, and offices were all invited. There, they would visit the enterprises, listen to introductions, express their opinions, and engage in open discussions. Subsequently, County Party Secretary Mao Yangqing made a summary report on behalf of the county party committee and the county government, based on Wu Kequan's investigation.


明朗而坚决的态度给王金华撑了腰,给全县基层干部鼓了劲,也给了吴克铃本 人ー种启示:作为领导,无论在什么情况下,总要站在实干的同志一边,要理解他 们、支持他们、保护他们、提拔他们……


The clear and resolute attitude bolstered Wang Jinhua, motivated grassroots officials throughout the county, and also provided Wu Kequan with personal inspiration: As a leader, under any circumstances, they must always stand by those who are dedicated to their work, understanding, supporting, protecting, and promoting them.


于是昆山把城北作为ー个典型报到苏州市委,市委书记高德正到城北调查之 后,又把城北作为苏州市的典型加以推广……


As a result, Kunshan presented the northern part of the county as a model to the Suzhou Municipal Party Committee. After the Suzhou Municipal Party Secretary Gao Dezheng visited the northern part of the city for an investigation, the city also promoted it as a model for Suzhou.


今年春,吴克铃在谈到这件事时,仍然记忆犹新。高德正说,借债问题,其实是 从小农经济向社会主义集体化生产转变的ー个观念问题。中国农民祖祖辈辈梦想 的只是ー头老牛一方田,自给自足,一旦负债,就要卖儿卖女,每到年关,就提心吊 胆。共和国成立后,互助组合作化,后来“共产风”走极端,翻来覆去,总没把社会 主义这个题目说清楚,也没有从西方的发展中吸取有益成分,所以ー听说借债,就 怕得不得了,几十万、几百万哪!哪年哪月还得清? 一个包袱压得直不起腰抬不起 头。其实,不在于借不借债,也不在于借多借少,关键是项目有没有吃准,吃准了, 再多再大的债也应该借!


This spring, Wu Kequan still vividly remembers the incident when talking about it. Gao Dezheng said that the issue of borrowing is actually a conceptual problem in the transition from a small-scale peasant economy to socialist collective production. For generations, Chinese farmers have dreamed of having just an ox and a piece of land, being self-sufficient. Once in debt, they would have to sell their children, and they would be anxious every year-end. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, mutual aid groups were formed, and then extreme "communist winds" blew. Through it all, the issue of socialism was never clarified, and useful elements from Western development were not absorbed. Therefore, when people heard about borrowing, they became extremely fearful. How could they ever repay hundreds of thousands or millions of debt? It would weigh heavily on them, preventing them from standing tall and raising their heads. In fact, the issue is not about whether to borrow or not, nor is it about the amount of borrowing. The key is whether the projects are accurately assessed. If they are, then even large debts should be borrowed!


高德正又说到,小农经济思想是改革的一大阻カ,昆山也是农业县,现在要改 革开放,从某种意义上来说,就是要跳出昆山这个小圈子、小天地,不跳出这个小圈 子、小天地,就永远是小生产、小经济、小家子气,也永远不可能把昆山这个小地方 建设好。


Gao Dezheng also mentioned that the small-scale peasant economy mindset is a significant obstacle to reform. As an agricultural county, Kunshan needs to break free from this narrow perspective as it undergoes reform and opening up. Without transcending this limited mindset, Kunshan will always be characterized by small-scale production, a modest economy, and narrow-mindedness, making it impossible to fully develop and prosper.


高德正还说到和吴克铃说过的大同小异的ー些观点:改革也是政治,改革需要 思想,改革不可能只是单纯的经济;没有思想,不懂政治的人,不可能搞好改革,不 可能搞好经济,相反还会影响经济的发展,阻碍改革的前进。


Gao Dezheng also mentioned some similar views to those expressed by Wu Kequan: Reform is political, it requires thought, and it cannot be purely economic. Without ideas and understanding of politics, one cannot carry out successful reforms or manage the economy well. On the contrary, it would hinder economic development and obstruct reform progress.


用小农经济的思想来参加改革、建设社会主义,恐怕这オ是中国最大的悲哀, 也是最大的误区。


Participating in reform and building socialism with a small-scale peasant economy mindset is perhaps China's greatest tragedy and the biggest misconception.


为什么ー些人把社会主义称作，，乌托邦，，？


Why do some people refer to socialism as a "utopia"?


因为中国选择了社会主义而社会主义给中国的好处来得太慢也太少。


It's because China chose socialism, and the benefits it brought to China have been slow and scarce.


要告别乌托邦赶走乌托邦这个令人丧气的乌鸦,那就必须告别小生产的观念, 首先把封建封闭和保守愚昧这个恶魔赶走!


To move away from the utopian ideal and eliminate the discouraging aspect of utopia, we must first abandon the concept of small-scale production, and drive away the demons of feudalism, closed-mindedness, and conservative ignorance!


好在从中央到地方（比如昆山）已经有越来越多的人想到了这一点,并且正在 用顽强的毅カ和坚忍不拔的意志朝着既定的方向跋涉攀缘。


Fortunately, the increasing awareness, from both central and local governments (such as Kunshan), is encouraging, and with persistence and resilience, they are moving forward in the right direction.


吴克铃的思路或者说昆山之路,正是与这个基本点吻合,否则,他就不会花那 么大的精力和财カ办教育,也不会不惜一切引进人才、培养人才,更不会在风雨浪 头上挺身而出,关怀和保护每ー个为社会主义增添光色的人才。


Wu Kequan's approach, or the "Kunshan Path," aligns with this fundamental point. Otherwise, he would not have invested so much energy and resources in education, nor would he have spared no effort to introduce and cultivate talent. Moreover, he would not have stood up in the face of adversity to care for and protect every individual who contributes to the vibrancy of socialism.


第四章 拥有了千万个笑容


Chapter 4 A Million Smiles


十六、第一个吃螃蟹的人


16 The First One to Taste the Crab


岁月是ー张网,人总是在ー张网的世界里生活。大网如天,恢宏无比,你要冲 破这张网犹如揪住自己的头发离开地球ー样地不可能,而且网眼到处都是,漏洞随 时可见,于是乎青春和爱情包括机会和机遇,都在默默地不知不觉中漏掉了、失落 了……


Time is like a net, and people always live in a world woven by this net. Time is like a net, and people always live in a world woven by this net. The vast net is as expansive as the sky, and breaking through it is as impossible as lifting oneself off the earth by pulling one's hair. The net's openings are everywhere, with flaws visible at any time. As a result, youth, love, opportunities, and chances slip away unnoticed and are lost...


1984年秋,一位患过小儿麻痹症的中年人在昆山城区东侧的泥路上踽踽行 走。他永远随身携带着他的公文包,也总有一副近视眼镜伴随着他。他站定,用ー 条健康的腿支撑着他的身体,又用ー只结实的手在半空中虚画了一个圆圈,嘴里不 由得念念有词


In the autumn of 1984, a middle-aged man who had suffered from polio walked alone on a muddy road in the eastern Kunshan. He always carried his briefcase with him and was always accompanied by a pair of nearsighted glasses. He stood still, supporting his body with one healthy leg, and with a strong hand, he drew an imaginary circle in the air while murmuring to himself.


他是日本苏旺你有限公司的老板三好先生。


He was Mr. Miyoshi, the owner of the Japanese Suwang Co., Ltd.


他怎么到昆山来的?


How did he end up in Kunshan?


这又是ー个偶然而又必然的结果。


This was a result of both chance and inevitability.


那天,吴克铃接到ー个电话,是计委汤帆打来的,汤帆说他和银行何副行长到 苏州去,偶然听说苏州中国银行的人说昆山有手套厂,日本人搞合资联合生产手 套,怎么到XX县而不到昆山?这个信息立刻使吴克铃想到了经济开发区的未来, 第二天,他就跑苏州,到轻エ局,然后到计委找主任陈辉。陈辉也是第一次和外国 人谈项目,就说,昆山和XX竞争,谁条件好就给谁。


One day, Wu Kequan received a phone call from Tang Fan of the Planning Commission. Tang Fan said that he and Vice President He from the bank went to Suzhou, and they accidentally heard from the Bank of China in Suzhou that there was a glove factory in Kunshan. A Japanese company was involved in a joint venture for glove production, but why did they go to XX County instead of Kunshan? This information immediately made Wu Kequan think of the future of the Economic Development Zone. The next day, he went to Suzhou, visited the Light Industry Bureau, and then went to the Planning Commission to find Director Chen Hui. It was also the first time that Chen Hui had discussed a project with foreigners, and he said that Kunshan and XX County were competing, and the project would go to whoever had better conditions.


吴克铃的高明之处就在于,一旦看准了,就死抓住不放。


Wu Kequan's brilliance was that once he set his sights on something, he would hold on to it relentlessly.


他ー连跑了七趟苏州!


He made seven trips to Suzhou!


正式谈判开始了。副县长李锦舫、郑慧珍、夏梁鑫先后出场。谈得很艰苦,有 一次,好动感情的三好先生竟然激动得哭了起来〇


The formal negotiations began. Vice county mayors Li Jinfang, Zheng Huijin, and Xia Liangxin took turns participating in the discussions. The negotiations were tough. At one point, the emotional Mr. Miyoshi was even moved to tears.


最后,吴克铃出面拍板,很快达成了协议,于是双方设宴庆祝,三好在和吴克铃 碰杯时,突然激动得放声大哭!


In the end, Wu Kequan stepped in and quickly reached an agreement. The two parties held a celebratory banquet, and Mr. Miyoshi burst into tears again when he toasted with Wu Kequan.


吴克铃是个绝对经济型人才,但他又绝对不是个纯经济学家。在中国,除了搞 专门研究的理论家和学者教授外,你要做个“纯粹”的经济领导或企业家是根本不 可能的。政治是经济的集中表现,经济是政治的物质基础。搞经济不可能完全脱 离政治,没有思想没有政治头脑是不可能搞好经济的。改革开放,是政治还是经 济?既有政治也有经济。如果ー个人的目光仅仅囿于ー个厂ー个县的小范围,那 归根结底也只能是小生产小农经济,又怎么可能和社会主义大生产大经济搭得上 边?所以吴克铃着眼在经济,而又清楚大政策的导向;着眼在昆山,又把握着大经 济的趋势。也正因此,他能够抓住契机,办成了这个合资企业。


Wu Kequan was an exceptional economic talent, but he was not a pure economist. In China, apart from specialized theorists and scholars, it is virtually impossible to be a "pure" economic leader or entrepreneur. Politics is the concentrated expression of economics, and economics is the material basis of politics. Economics cannot be completely separated from politics, and it is impossible to manage the economy well without ideas and political acumen. Is reform and opening up primarily political or economic? In fact, it encompasses aspects of both politics and economics. If one's vision is limited to the small scope of a single factory or county, then ultimately, it can only be small-scale production and a peasant economy. How can that possibly be compatible with the large-scale production and economy of socialism? Therefore, Wu Kequan focused on economics while clearly understanding the direction of major policies; he concentrated on Kunshan while keeping an eye on the broader economic trends. It was precisely for this reason that he was able to seize the opportunity and establish this joint venture.


是的,三好接触过不少中方官员和企业界人士,但他很难遇到像吴克铃这样的 人一既懂经济,人又厚道;既不会让你无代价地占便宜,又要让你得到好处……


Indeed, Mr. Miyoshi had encountered many Chinese officials and business people, but it was difficult for him to find someone like Wu Kequan – someone who understood economics and was also a person of integrity; someone who would not let you take advantage without giving something in return but would still ensure you benefited from the cooperation.


跟这样的官员打交道,他有一种安全感。


Dealing with such an official, Mr. Miyoshi felt a sense of security.


他说:“吴先生,我很高兴能结识你……”


He said, "Mr. Wu, I am delighted to have met you...”


吴克铃说:“祝我们合作愉快,让我们双方都能赚大钱!”


Wu Kequan replied, "I wish us a pleasant cooperation and may both sides make a lot of money!”


1985年3月,苏州市也是江苏省县级第一家中外合资企业“中国苏旺你有限 公司”正式开エ投产了。


In March 1985, Suzhou's and Jiangsu Province's first county-level Sino-foreign joint venture, "China Suwangyou Co., Ltd.," officially began production.


现在,我们似乎可以对“昆山之路”或吴克铃的思路做一个简单明确的 表述


Now, we can seemingly provide a clear and concise description of the "Kunshan Path" or Wu Kequan's approach:


东依上海,西托“三线”。内联乡村,面向全国,走向世界。


Relying on Shanghai to the east and the "Third Tier" to the west. Connecting rural areas internally, facing the whole country, and moving towards the world.


因为在实践中逐步形成了这样ー个比较完整的思路,所以吴克铃“敢为天下 先”。“先”不是出格,“先”是在总体上把握住国情国策和改革开放的大势,因而 “先”得不俗、“先”得不凡、“先”得有板有眼、“先”得有声有色。也正因为此,别人 不敢想的他想了,别人不敢做的他做了,等到别人也想到也做到的时候,他又把文 章做活了、做深了、做得更加丰富多彩得心应手了……


As Wu Kequan's relatively complete approach gradually took shape through practice, he earned praise for being a bold pioneer. "Being the first" is not about being unconventional; it's about having a comprehensive grasp of national conditions, policies, and the overall trend of reform and opening up. As a result, Wu Kequan's pioneering efforts were remarkable, outstanding, well-structured, and vibrant. Indeed, it was due to this that he dared to envision what others didn't dare to envision, and he dared to undertake what others didn't dare to undertake. By the time others caught up, daring to envision and undertake the same, he had already infused life into his career, diving deeper and making it more vibrant and fulfilling, thus mastering it effortlessly...


紧接着,吴克铃又率先搞了土地有偿出让和企业兼并……


Following this, Wu Kequan also took the lead in implementing compensated land transfers and corporate mergers.


至1990年初,全市已有40多家企业被外地大企业或本地优势企业兼并,效益 普遍看好。


By early 1990, more than 40 enterprises in the city had been merged by large enterprises from other regions or by local dominant enterprises, with generally promising results.


跟着感觉走


Follow your intuition,


紧抓住梦的手


Hold on tightly to the hand of your dreams,


脚步越来越轻越来越快活


Your steps become lighter and more lively,


尽情挥洒自己的笑容


Freely spread your own smiles everywhere.


当ー个人的思路、ー个人的オ干趋于成熟的时候,犹如一个成熟而又具有自己 个性的作家,做起文章来就不会打疙瘩,就会“尽情挥洒自己的笑容”,就会敢于出 奇兵,用大笔横书,做无人敢做的文章。土地转让,企业兼并,就如开头的横向联 合、自费经济开发区ー样,无不出人意料,细想却又在情理之中……


When a person's ideas and approach become mature, like a seasoned writer with their own unique style, they can write without hesitation, freely spread their smiles, and dare to employ surprise tactics and bold strokes, creating works that no one else dares to do. Land transfer and enterprise mergers, just like the initial horizontal collaboration and self-financed economic development zones, are all unexpected, yet upon closer thought, they make perfect sense.


十七、“昆山之路”


17 "The Kunshan Path”


写到这里,我们可以对“昆山之路”做ー个数字上的表述了。


At this point, we can provide a numerical description of the "Kunshan Path.”


1978年,昆山的工业产值只有2.2亿元。


In 1978, Kunshan's industrial output value was only 220 million yuan.


1983年,增加到5.7亿元,5年翻了一番多。


By 1983, it had increased to 570 million yuan, more than doubling in five years.


1984年,吴克铃担任县长,从此昆山的经济发展纳入了他的思路之中。


In 1984, Wu Kequan became the county mayor, and from then on, Kunshan's economic development was incorporated into his vision.


1989年,エ业产值4〇. 34亿元,比1983年增长6倍;外贸收购额4. 092亿元, 比1983年增长近20倍;财政收入1.23亿元,比!983年增长!21% ;人均生产总值 3256 元,增长 290%。


In 1989, the industrial output value reached 4.034 billion yuan, a six-fold increase from 1983; foreign trade procurement reached 4.092 billion yuan, an increase of nearly 20 times compared to 1983; fiscal revenue reached 123 million yuan, a 121% increase from 1983; and per capita GDP reached 3,256 yuan, a 290% increase.


全市工业固定资产总额1〇个亿,1。亿富翁,是1978年的!3倍。


The total fixed assets of the Kunshan's industries reached 10 billion yuan, making Kunshan a "billionaire" city, which is 13 times that of 1978.


还要特别提一下的是,6年粮食总产262万吨,比前6年总产增1.09%,成为 全国交售粮食先进县（市）；多种经营产值7.37亿元,增长152.4%。1989年农民 人均收入1233元,比1983年增长40〇. 6元。


It is worth mentioning that the total grain output in six years was 2.62 million tons, an increase of 1.09% compared to the previous six years, making Kunshan a national advanced county (county-level city) for grain sales; the output value of diversified operations reached 737 million yuan, an increase of 152.4%. In 1989, the per capita income of farmers was 1,233 yuan, an increase of 400.6 yuan compared to 1983.


经济的发展尤其是工业生产的发展,并没有以牺牲农业为代价,相反,昆山的 农业在稳定中有了新的发展。


The economic development, especially the development of industrial production, did not come at the expense of agriculture. On the contrary, Kunshan's agriculture achieved new development in stability.


市财政局局长严文奎说,这是难能可贵的,是ー个十分了不起的贡献。


Yan Wenkui, the director of the Municipal Finance Bureau, said that this is very commendable and an extraordinary contribution.


这也恰恰是作为科学的“昆山之路”的又一个有力的佐证。


This is also another strong evidence of the scientific "Kunshan Path.”


六年,一台有声有色的戏!


In six years, a vivid and colorful play unfolded!


六年,ー场多姿多彩的梦!


In six years, a diverse and colorful dream was realized!


六年,走出了一条“昆山之路”,为建设具有中国特色的社会主义做出了一篇 独立思考的好文章!


In six years, the "Kunshan Path" was forged, contributing a well-thought-out article to the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics!


六年,还是那山那水那些人,但昆山人自己都不认识自己了 一ー无论是衣着、 风度、言谈举止,也无论是思想观念、文明程度,都有了明显变化,跃上了一个更高 的层次……


In six years, the same mountains, waters, and people remained, but the people of Kunshan hardly recognized themselves – their clothing, demeanor, conversation, and behavior, as well as their thoughts, concepts, and level of civilization, all underwent significant changes, leaping to a higher level...


这一切,都是和自费经济技术开发区紧紧地联系在ー起的。


All of these changes are closely linked to the self-funded economic and technological development zone.


商业局罗局长说得好:“不是开发区沾了昆山人的光,而是昆山人沾了开发区 的光。”


Director Luo of the Commerce Bureau put it well: "It's not that the development zone has benefited from the people of Kunshan, but rather the people of Kunshan have benefited from the development zone.”


开发区是吴克铃的也是全昆山人民的骄傲。


The development zone is the pride of Wu Kequan and all the people of Kunshan.


开发区属于昆山也属于江苏省属于全中国,甚至还可以说她属于整个社会


It belongs not only to Kunshan and Jiangsu Province, but also to the whole of China, and even to the entire society.


大聪明者既非庸碌的俗物又不是出世的神仙。大聪明者总是实事求是的。中 国有11亿人,中国“封建”了几千年,这是中国的最基本的国情。在这里,愤世嫉 俗、杞人忧天都无济于事,关键还是要把经济搞上去。只有发展经济才能埋葬封建 主义,也只有发展经济才能建成社会主义。吴克铃懂得这个国情,所以他的思路很 实在,他的思路始终围绕着发展经济这个中心,而且实实在在地使昆山的经济前进 了一大步。


Wise individuals are neither mediocre nor detached from the world. They are always pragmatic. China has a population of 1.1 billion and has experienced thousands of years of "feudalism." This is China's most basic national condition. In this context, cynicism and groundless worries are of no use; the key is to boost the economy. Only through economic development can feudalism be eradicated, and only through economic development can socialism be built. Wu Kequan understands this national condition, so his approach is very pragmatic. His thinking always revolves around the central task of economic development, and it has indeed helped Kunshan's economy take a big step forward.


有人对我说:“外面的文章你写了不少,不能为昆山宣传宣传吗?”


Someone once said to me, "You've written quite a few articles about other places. Can't you promote Kunshan as well?”


然而本地的文章不好写。“不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中。”越是接触得 多,越是难以把握。更难的是,文章有文章的规律,写人写事都得从文章的构思出 发,而且写ー个人的ー些事不等于肯定他的一切,更不等于就否定或贬低他人…… 总之,文章就是文章,而有人却偏会把文章误解成为是组织的决定或是按官方的表 彰名单论功行赏……


However, writing about Kunshan is not easy. As the saying goes, "One cannot see the true face of Mount Lu because one is in the mountain itself." The more you are exposed to something, the harder it is to grasp. What's more challenging is that there are certain rules and principles to writing. When writing about people or events, one must start from the conception of the article. Moreover, writing about a person's achievements does not mean approving of everything they've done, nor does it mean denying or belittling others. In short, an article is just an article, but some people tend to misinterpret it as an organizational decision or as recognition and rewards according to an official list.


正是从这一顾虑出发,加上其他ー些原因,我没有贸然动笔,而是把新华社和 《人民日报》的记者请了来,让他们从“旁观者”的角度进行采访。这两个记者都是 大手笔,看到我提供的资料后就一心要做篇大文章。果然,1988年7月,《人民日 报》头版登出来了,是专写自费开发区的,还特别地配了一篇评论,题目就叫作 《“昆山之路”三评》。


It is precisely because of this concern, coupled with other reasons, that I didn't rush to write. Instead, I invited reporters from Xinhua News Agency and People's Daily to conduct interviews from an "outsider's" perspective. Both of these reporters were skilled writers, and after seeing the materials I provided, they were determined to write a significant piece. As expected, in July 1988, People's Daily published a front-page article specifically about the self-funded development zone, along with a special commentary titled "Three Comments on the Kunshan Path.”


昆山立刻名声大噪。


Kunshan immediately gained widespread attention.


1988年冬天,国务院经济技术开发区在天津召开理论讨论会,一年以后,又在 烟台召开同一专题的政策研究会,有资格参加会议的当然只是国务院批准的14个 开发区,但昆山作为唯一的ー个“特邀代表”,两次都出席了会议。


In the winter of 1988, the State Council's Economic and Technological Development Zones held a theoretical discussion in Tianjin. A year later, a policy research meeting on the same topic was held in Yantai. Naturally, only the 14 development zones approved by the State Council were eligible to attend the meetings. However, Kunshan, as the only "specially invited representative," attended both meetings.


吴克铃走不开,他让办公室的顾厚德去参加,他自己则有个书面发言。


Wu Kequan could not attend the meetings himself, so he sent Gu Houde from his office to participate, while he prepared a written speech.


让我们看看下ー个意味深长的比较一


Let's take a look at the following meaningful comparison:


全国14个开发区,第一期工程40平方公里,已花41亿元,每平方公里1亿 多;昆山第一期开发3.75平方公里,到去年年底,花了 4700万元,基础设施已达到 七通一平（通路、电、水、讯、排水、煤气、蒸气,道路平整）,每平方公里1200万元,相 当于国批开发区的12%。


Among the 14 national development zones, the first phase of the project covers 40 square kilometers and has cost 4.1 billion yuan, which is more than 100 million yuan per square kilometer. In contrast, the first phase of Kunshan's development covers 3.75 square kilometers, and by the end of last year, it had spent 47 million yuan. The infrastructure has reached the level of "seven connections and one leveling" (roads, electricity, water, communication, drainage, gas, and steam, with leveled roads), costing 12 million yuan per square kilometer, which is equivalent to 12% of the cost for the nationally approved development zones.


见效之快也令人瞩目。昆山开发区已有30个企业,其中有外商投资的11家, 国内联营的16家,1985年到1989年,完成工业产值!5. 39亿元,出口创汇4079万 美元,累计利润4541万元,上缴税金5383万元,税利合计1.1亿元!其中,1989年 产值5亿多,超过1983年全县エ业产值的总和。倘再把全国14个国批开发区的 产值排列个名次,那么,昆山这个不在编的自费开发区名列第三,仅次于广州和上 海! 1989年,江苏两个国批开发区上缴国家税金,ー个是200万元,ー个是300万 元,而昆山这个自费开发区却上缴了 800万元!


The quick effectiveness of Kunshan's approach is also eye-catching. Kunshan Development Zone has 30 enterprises, including 11 with foreign investment and 16 with domestic joint ventures. From 1985 to 1989, the zone completed an industrial output value of 1.539 billion yuan, exported goods worth 40.79 million US dollars, accumulated profits of 45.41 million yuan, and paid taxes of 53.83 million yuan, with a total tax and profit of 110 million yuan! In 1989 alone, the output value exceeded 500 million yuan, surpassing the total industrial output value of the entire county in 1983. If we were to rank the industrial output values of the 14 nationally approved development zones, Kunshan, an unofficial self-funded development zone, would rank third, only behind Guangzhou and Shanghai! In 1989, the two nationally approved development zones in Jiangsu province contributed tax payments to the state, one with 2 million yuan and the other with 3 million yuan, while Kunshan's self-funded development zone contributed 8 million yuan!


“昆山之路”在会议期间引起了极大的震动,1988年那一次,11期会议简报5 期提到并热烈称赞昆山的路子:“他们的经验主要是自力更生,量カ而行,勤俭开 发,先主后辅,先生产后生活,先向外后向内……”


During the conference, the "Kunshan Path" caused a great sensation. In the 1988 conference, the 11th issue of the conference newsletter mentioned and enthusiastically praised Kunshan's approach in five issues: "Their experience is mainly self-reliance, acting according to their capabilities, developing diligently and thriftily, prioritizing production over supporting functions, prioritizing external development over internal development, and so on...”


南开大学国际经济研究所陈荫方教授说:“国家没有投资,也没有给一条优惠 政策,昆山能够取得这么好的成绩,的确令人振奋……”


Professor Chen Yinfang from the International Economics Research Institute of Nankai University said: "The country did not invest nor provided any preferential policies, but Kunshan has achieved such good results, which is indeed inspiring...”


还有一些专家和教授则从纯理论的海洋中跳出来大声疾呼:，，必须重视，昆山 之路’,让我们的开发区尽快走出误区!”


Some experts and professors also jumped out of the purely theoretical ocean and loudly called for attention to the "Kunshan Path" and urged the development zones to get out of the misunderstanding as soon as possible.


需要走出误区的也许不仅仅是ー个经济技术开发区,“昆山之路”不正是对强 国之路的ー个重要启迪吗?！


Perhaps it is not only the economic and technological development zones that need to get out of the misunderstanding. Isn't the "Kunshan Path" an important enlightenment for the path to a strong country?


十八、给我ー点空闲


18 Give Me a Moment of Respite


ー辆普通的深蓝色皇冠轿车平稳地朝上海开去,平稳中又隐含着些许焦虑。 驾驶员十分清楚,这趟车早该开了,可是一直拖着,ー拖就是3年,6年一啊,不, 是9年


A deep blue, ordinary Crown sedan glided smoothly towards Shanghai, with a hint of anxiety hidden within its steady progress. The driver knew very well that this journey should have begun much earlier, but it had been delayed – first for three years, then six, and ultimately, nine years.


3年副县长、6年县长,ー共9年。


Three years as a deputy county mayor, six years as a county mayor, totaling nine years.


现在他是市长。


Now, he is the mayor.

1989年9月28日,昆山撤县建市。作为昆山历史上的第一任市长,他在100 面彩旗、1〇万盆鲜花和50多万张笑脸的簇拥中显得异常地平静。他感到幸福,为 昆山;他觉得慰藉,为自己。他深深感谢改革开放的政策,感谢全市人民的艰苦奋 斗,感谢各个部门和单位的理解和支持,感谢上海的、北京的、南京的、苏州的、三线 的、国内国外的领导和朋友们的关心帮助和友好合作……


On September 28, 1989, Kunshan was transformed from a county to a county-level city. As the first Mayor of a county-level city in Kunshan's history, he appeared exceptionally calm amidst the embrace of 100 colorful flags, 100,000 pots of fresh flowers, and over 500,000 smiling faces. He felt happiness for Kunshan and solace for himself. He deeply appreciated the reform and opening-up policy, the arduous efforts of the entire city's people, the understanding and support from various departments and units, as well as the care, assistance, and friendly cooperation from leaders and friends in Shanghai, Beijing, Nanjing, Suzhou, third-tier cities, and both domestic and international circles.


我终于让千百个企业纳入了我的思路。


Finally, he had managed to incorporate thousands of enterprises into his vision.


我终于拥有了千千万万个真诚热烈的笑容。


Ultimately, he had gained countless sincere and enthusiastic smiles.


啊！往事如梦如烟,往事苦乐酸甜,往事又有太多的失落和遗憾,人道是世事 总难全！


Ah! The past is like a dream, filled with bitterness, joy, sourness, and sweetness. There are also too many losses and regrets in the past – it is said that perfection is hard to achieve in life!


给我ー点空闲,让我想一想遗憾。


Give me a moment of respite, let me think about the regrets.


经济技术开发区,至今还在另册,在国批14个开发区之外。


The economic and technological development zone is still listed separately, outside of the 14 national development zones.


1989年、1990年费孝通先生两次考察昆山的经济发展,他说,昆山的开发区要 “正名”，“已经成功了,要给予承认,承认昆山开发区应该享有的权利……”


In 1989 and 1990, Mr. Fei Xiaotong inspected Kunshan's economic development twice. He said that the development zone in Kunshan should be "recognized" and "since it has already succeeded, it should be acknowledged and granted the rights it deserves...”


1988年1月13日,江苏省委、省政府向党中央、国务院报送了《关于加快发展 外向型经济若干政策问题的请示报告》（苏政发〔!988〕1号文件）,要求批准昆山 经济技术开发区享受沿海开放城市经济技术开发区的同等待遇。


On January 13, 1988, the Jiangsu Provincial Committee and Provincial Government submitted the "Report on Issues Related to Accelerating the Development of an Export-Oriented Economy" (Document No. 1 [1988] of the Jiangsu Government) to the Central Committee and the State Council, requesting that the Kunshan Economic and Technological Development Zone be granted equal treatment as the open coastal city economic and technological development zones.


1990年2月7日,江苏省政府再次向国务院报送了《关于要求批准昆山经济 技术开发区的请示》（苏政发〔1990〕16号文件）……


On February 7, 1990, the Jiangsu Provincial Government submitted another request to the State Council, "Regarding the Request for Approval of the Kunshan Economic and Technological Development Zone" (Document No. 16 [1990] of the Jiangsu Government)...


什么时候昆山的开发区才能编入“正册”呢?


When will the development zone in Kunshan finally be included in the "official list"?


他多么希望这一天能够尽快地到来。（天遂人愿。就在这篇稿子准备发出的 6月20日前后,省长陈焕友、副省长高德正,率领全省11个市的市长和省政府各个 职能部门的主要领导,参观和视察了开发区,听取了昆山市委书记吴克铃和市长周 振华、副市长王金华的汇报,并且正式宣布:省委、省政府决定,把昆山列为江苏省 重点经济技术开发区,加快改革开放的步伐……）


He longs for the day to come as soon as possible. As fate would have it, around June 20th, when this article was being prepared for publication, Governor Chen Huanyou and Deputy Governor Gao Dezhen led mayors from 11 cities across the province and key leaders from various functional departments of the provincial government to visit and inspect the development zone. They listened to the reports from Kunshan Party Secretary Wu Kequan, Mayor Zhou Zhenhua, and Deputy Mayor Wang Jinhua, and officially announced: the Provincial Committee and Provincial Government have decided to list Kunshan as a key economic and technological development zone in Jiangsu Province, accelerating the pace of reform and opening up...


吴克铃露出了从未有过的欣慰笑容。


Wu Kequan revealed a satisfied smile he had never shown before.


昆山的经济技术开发区得到了省委、省政府和党中央、国务院有关领导的高度 评价,吴克铃的思路在更加广泛更加深入的意义上得到了延伸和发展,他的梦他的 追求带上了更加绚丽多姿也更加辉煌的色彩……


The Kunshan Economic and Technological Development Zone received high praise from the Provincial Committee, Provincial Government, and relevant leaders from the Central Committee and State Council. Wu Kequan's vision was extended and developed in a broader and deeper sense, and his dreams and pursuits took on even more splendid and glorious colors...


倘说梦,还有很多很多遗憾,还有很多很多没有成为现实一


If we talk about dreams, there are still many regrets and many things that have not yet become reality.


外向型经济,1985年的政府工作报告,就放到了第一条的重要位置,但是想到 了而没有做好,至今创汇还很少……


Export-oriented economy: In the 1985 government work report, it was placed in the first and most important position. However, the implementation has not been well-executed, and foreign exchange earnings remain minimal to this day...


企业集团,像点样子的只有一个。还有几家可以做到的,但还没有重视还没有 成型


Corporate groups: There is only one that is truly impressive. There are a few more that have the potential but have not yet been given enough attention or taken shape.


还有,昆山虽可,也并非尽如人意,以权谋私、送礼行贿、滥吃滥喝、贪污腐 败……那些人那些事那些丑恶的现象,还没有彻底查处,也不可能很快就从根本上 加以杜绝


Furthermore, although Kunshan has made progress, not everything is perfect. Abuse of power for personal gain, gift-giving and bribery, excessive eating and drinking, corruption... Those people, those events, and those ugly phenomena have not been thoroughly investigated and dealt with, nor can they be eradicated at their roots anytime soon.


别忘了,还有他自己。人非完人,他也是留下了很多遗憾的。为了工作,他顶 撞过也得罪过一些人,有时说话让人接受不了,叫人不愉快;在ー些问题上,他会使 人觉得固执


Let's not forget about himself as well. No one is perfect, and he too has left behind many regrets. For the sake of work, he has clashed with and offended some people. Sometimes his words were hard for others to accept, causing displeasure. On certain issues, he could come across as stubborn.


啊,过去了,全过去了,“ー阵风,吹落了恩恩怨怨”,无论谁对谁错,都不必要 记着什么,计较什么了……


Ah, it's all in the past now. "A gust of wind has blown away all the grievances." Regardless of who was right or wrong, there is no need to dwell on or dispute anything...


人的政治生命是短暂的,只有事业永存。


A person's political life is short, but their career lasts forever.


腰又生疼,他艰难地挪动了一下,可惜没带三合板。他外出开会,总要带三合 板。南京的昆山办事处,就有一块木板。他去省里开会,就得把那块显然是削窄了 ー些的木板拿到住处去。席梦思他没福享受,腰身下垫块木板才能睡。沙发也不 行,坐硬靠背椅反而好一点。烟也不抽,酒也不沾,回到家里,除了面最好是ー碗白粥


His waist ached again, and he struggled to shift his position. Unfortunately, he did not bring his folding board. Whenever he went out for meetings, he always brought his folding board with him. In the Kunshan office in Nanjing, there is a wooden board. When he goes to the provincial capital for meetings, he has to bring that slightly narrowed wooden board to his lodging. He cannot enjoy the comfort of a mattress, and needs to sleep with a wooden board under his waist. Sofas don't work either; sitting on a hard-backed chair is actually better for him. He doesn't smoke or drink, and when he returns home, he prefers a simple bowl of rice porridge to anything else.


吴克铃,你到底图什么?


Wu Kequan, what exactly are you after?


他不答。他默默地但是执着地追求,为社会主义添砖加瓦,为人生旅途充实内 容。他想他做到了这一点,所以回首往事,他觉得有一种问心无愧的慰藉。


He does not answer. He silently but persistently pursues his goals, contributing to socialism and enriching the content of his life's journey. He believes he has achieved this, so when he looks back on the past, he feels a sense of comfort without any regrets.


于是他想到了家,想到了自己的病,他提出了退下来的请求。省委、市委原意 都是让他接任即将空缺的昆山市委书记,而他则建议由年轻的同志“组阁”。终于 得到了理解,于是他带着这个小小的秘密对妻子张德森说:“我可以松一 ロ气了,我 要到上海去检查身体了。”


So he thinks about his family and his own illness, and he proposes stepping down. The Provincial and Municipal Committees initially intended for him to take up the soon-to-be vacant position of Kunshan Party Secretary, but he suggested that a younger comrade should "form the cabinet" instead. Finally, he was understood, and with this small secret, he told his wife Zhang Desen, "I can finally relax a bit, I'm going to Shanghai for a medical check-up.”


张德森快人快语,这时却很少说话。对于昆山所取得的成绩,她由衷地高兴, 这里总有她丈夫的ー份心血啊!然而平心而论,她又觉得跟他结婚真是吃了一辈 子的苦:结婚时半间草屋六块钱（ー块钱结婚证、五块钱喜糖）,她生两个孩子时都 没吃到过ー只整鸡。丈夫当县长后她就更苦了,一次结肠发炎,没人照应,只好自 己拎了痰盂到玉山医院去。挂盐水没人陪,同病房的妇女说:“县长家属看病连我 们农民都不如呀!”她是20世纪50年代的大专生,当时就是培养对象,因为跟了他 从广州到武汉到北京到甘肃河西走廊……多年漂泊天涯,人到中年オ稍有安定之 所,偏偏他又当了县长,ー头扎进他的“思路”之中。如今,她虽然拿到了财务工作 30年的荣誉证书,但除此之外一无所有,只有太多的遗憾……


Usually quick-witted and talkative, Zhang Desen speaks very little this time. She is genuinely happy for the achievements Kunshan has made, as her husband has put in so much effort here. However, to be fair, she feels that marrying him has brought her a lifetime of hardships: when they got married, they had a half-room grass hut and six yuan (one yuan for the marriage certificate, five yuan for wedding candies). She didn't even get to eat a whole chicken when she gave birth to their two children. Her life became even harder after her husband became the county mayor. Once, she had an inflamed intestine and there was no one to take care of her. She had no choice but to carry her own spittoon and go to the Yushan Hospital. There was no one to accompany her while receiving an IV drip, and a woman in the same ward said, "Even we farmers are treated better than the county mayor's family when we are hospitalized!" She was a college student in the 1950s and was considered a talent to be nurtured at the time. She followed him from Guangzhou to Wuhan, Beijing, and the Hexi Corridor in Gansu... After many years of wandering, she finally had a somewhat stable life in her middle age, but he became the county mayor and immersed himself in his "vision.” Now, although she has received an honorary certificate for her 30 years of work in finance, she has nothing else, only too many regrets...


有时候,两个人ー起说心里话,她就忍不住要发牢骚,要说说心中的委屈:“老 吴啊,你对得起党,对得起人民,但是你对不起我,对不起儿女,也对不起你自 己……”


Sometimes, when the two of them had heart-to-heart conversations, she couldn't help but complain and express her grievances: "Old Wu, you have been loyal to the Party and the people, but you have not been fair to me, to our children, and even to yourself...”


他理解妻子的话,体谅她的苦衷,他低头无语,惭愧难言。


He understood his wife's words and empathized with her difficulties. He lowered his head in silence, feeling ashamed and at a loss for words.


现在好了,他退下来了,他就想要补回对妻子儿女包括对他自己欠下的情 分一先看病,然后尽一点做丈夫做父亲的义务。因为天伦之乐对于ー个党员干 部来说同样是不可或缺,缺了就该补上的啊!


Now that he had stepped down, he wanted to make up for the emotional debts he owed to his wife, children, and even himself. First, he would seek medical treatment, and then fulfill his duties as a husband and father. After all, family happiness is indispensable for a Party member and an official, and it should be made up for if lacking!


于是他到上海去检查身体。


So he went to Shanghai for a health check-up.


结果使全家人都感到震惊:腰椎炎,肩椎炎,心脏病,萎缩性胃炎,早期肝硬化!


The results shocked the entire family: lumbar spondylitis, shoulder spondylitis, heart disease, atrophic gastritis, and early-stage liver cirrhosis!


更加使他震惊的还在后面:从上海回来后没几天,上级派人找他谈话,要他接 任市委书记,过渡一下,然后再说……


What shocked him even more was what followed: just a few days after returning from Shanghai, his superiors sent someone to talk to him, asking him to take the position of Municipal Party Secretary, as a transitional arrangement, and then they would see...


没能退,反而进了一步。


He couldn't step down; instead, he moved up a step.


那么,他的家他的身体呢?他什么时候才能对得起妻子儿女,也对得起他自 己呢?


So, what about his family and his health? When could he finally be fair to his wife, children, and himself?


结尾（之一）


Ending (Part One)


南方的冬比北方的冬还要冷。


The winter in the south is even colder than that in the north.


摊开稿纸手就发抖,心也发抖,笔尖就在纸上打滑。


As soon as I unfolded the paper, my hands began to tremble, and so did my heart, causing the pen to skid across the page.


找到第一招待所,想借个有暖气的房间,偏偏客满了。小吴所长只好把办公室 旁边尘封的仓库打开。这里依然像ー个冰屋。好不容易挤出了一个有太阳的房 间,于是我喜不自禁一气呵成。晚上,在家里誉抄。半天一夜,近7000字的稿子第 二天就送走了。


I tried to find a room with heating at the first guesthouse, but it was fully booked.  Left with no choice, Director Wu opened the dusty storeroom next to his office. The place still felt like an icehouse. Finally, we managed to squeeze into a sunlit room, and I was overjoyed to finish everything in one go. In the evening, I continued my work at home. After half a day and a night, I completed nearly 7,000 words, and the manuscript was sent out the next day. 


不到ー个月,《人民日报》打样拼上了版面。


Within a month, it was featured in People's Daily.


想了一下,还是和他打个招呼,就写了个字条告诉他这件事。


I thought about it and decided to give him a heads-up, so I wrote a note informing him about the matter.


电话打来:“我是吴克铃。《人民日报》的稿子不要发。”


The phone rang: "This is Wu Kequan. Don't send the manuscript to People's Daily.”


我不能理解,我想说服他。


I couldn't understand and wanted to persuade him.


不行。说了一个多小时,最后当场拿起电话要北京的记者。记者有些不悦。 《人民日报》上篇报告文学并不是那么容易的。但……


No luck. After talking for more than an hour, I finally picked up the phone to call a journalist in Beijing. The journalist was somewhat displeased. It wasn't easy to get a piece of reportage literature published in People's Daily. However...


我让他和记者直接通话。

I let him speak directly with the journalist.

最后,稿子还是撤了下来。


In the end, the manuscript was withdrawn.


结尾（之ニ）


Ending (Part Two)


以前昆山人外出,总觉得低人一等,哪方面都硬不起来,只好缩在角落里。


In the past, when people from Kunshan went out, they always felt inferior, unable to hold their heads high, and had no choice but to hide in a corner.


现在不同了。讲经济有开发区,有横向联合;讲文化有“大世界”,在全国也有 有影响力的代表人物……昆山人终于也有了自己的神气,也有了自己的骄傲。“朋 友,请到昆山看ー看——不是说建设有中国特色的社会主义吗?昆山可以给你 启发。”


Now, things are different. Talking about the economy, there are development zones and horizontal collaboration; in terms of culture, there's the "Big World" and influential figures nationwide. Finally, people from Kunshan have their own confidence and pride. "Friends, please come to Kunshan for a visit – isn't it about building socialism with Chinese characteristics? Kunshan can inspire you.”


什么时候,中国人在外国也能这样实在、这样神气就好了。


It would be great if Chinese people could be this genuine and confident abroad as well.


这就是我的“中国梦”。


This is my "Chinese Dream.”


结尾（之三）


Ending (Part Three)


回到本文开头。


Back to the beginning of this text:


东欧局势的变化,显然是一次撼动全球、震惊数十亿人心灵的历史大事件。社 会主义从一国实践到多国实践,又从一国失败到多国失败,悲壮还是悲哀?伟大还 是可怜?是滑铁卢还是奥斯特里茨?凄凄切切的挽歌还是振奋人心的进行曲?是 “始兴终亡”的验证还是优胜劣汰的规律?


The changes in the situation in Eastern Europe are undoubtedly a major historical event that has shaken the world and stunned billions of people. Socialism has gone from practice in one country to many, and from failure in one country to failure in many. Is it tragic or sorrowful? Great or pitiful? A Waterloo or Austerlitz? A mournful elegy or an uplifting march? Is it a verification of "rising and falling" or a law of the survival of the fittest?


马翁如何回答?列宁做何感想?毛泽东还会用他那如椽大笔再次挥洒雄文, 在宇宙的天幕中亮出一句“只有社会主义才能救中国”吗?我问三位市（县）长。


How would Marx respond? What would Lenin think? Would Mao Zedong, with his bold brush, once again write the powerful statement "Only socialism can save China" across the universe? I asked the three mayors (county mayors).


吴克铃之前的县长孙福贵为官一任,两袖清风。吴当县长后他做人大常委会 主任,不久前因年事已高全退了,在宣布这件事的时候,全国劳模竟动了感情,差点 哭出来……


Before Wu Kequan, the former county mayor Sun Fugui served with integrity and an unblemished reputation. After Wu became the county mayor, Sun Fugui served as the director of the Standing Committee of the People's Congress. Not long ago, he fully retired due to old age. When this news was announced, the national model worker was so moved that he almost burst into tears.


但孙福贵还是退了。不会很久,吴克铃也要退。


However, Sun Fugui still retired. Before long, Wu Kequan will also retire.


他们走了,


They departed, heading into the depths of the resplendent sunset...


走向辉煌的タ阳深处……


They departed, heading into the depths of the resplendent sunset...


现在的市长是周振华。


The current mayor is Zhou Zhenhua.


我和三位市（县）长讨论:社会主义是不是乌托邦?


I discussed with three county-level city mayors whether socialism is a utopia or not.


他们的看法综合整理如下。


Their views are summarized as follows:


无论是中国选择了社会主义还是社会主义选择了中国,这都无关紧要,要紧的 是,只有社会主义才能救中国。在中国,其他任何“主义”都不能代替社会主义,任 何政党都不能代替共产党,因为其他任何“主义”、任何政党都不能把中国11亿人 凝聚到ー起。


Whether China chooses socialism or socialism chooses China is not important. What matters is that only socialism can save China. In China, no other "ism" can replace socialism, and no political party can replace the Communist Party, because no other "ism" or any other political party can unite 1.1 billion people in China.


社会主义不比别的任何“主义”差,问题是社会主义的优越性没有充分发挥。 1985年,吴克铃到日本厚木市去,ー了解,30年前,厚木市还不如当时的昆山,但现 在有17万人口,很发达。他就想,同样的基础搞发展,你搞资本主义,我搞社会主 义,我肯定用不了 30年就可以超过你的水平。所以说,要是没有那些翻来覆去的 折腾,中国的建设不会比西方慢。


Socialism is not inferior to any other "ism," but the problem is that its superiority has not been fully utilized. In 1985, Wu Kequan went to Atsugi City, Japan, to learn that 30 years ago, Atsugi City was not as developed as Kunshan at that time, but now it has a population of 170,000 and is beyond developed. He thought, with the same foundation for development, if you go for capitalism and I go for socialism, I will definitely surpass you in less than 30 years. Therefore, if there were no repeated turmoil, China's development would not be slower than the West's.


ー些年轻人只说外国好,中国一无是处,干部腐败,没ー个好人。一次过年时, 吴克铃请合资企业的日方经理吃饭,家里地方太小就拆拆空,腾出地方,连台子都 是临时向招待所借的。尽管这样,日方经理还是大为惊讶:县长家就这么点地方、 这么点东西?后来他对人说:“我知道中国的政府官员是什么样子的了!”当然,人 家说我们好,不等于我们没有问题。不管怎么说,搞社会主义得有社会主义思想, 不能一改革就不讲奉献精神了,用封建主义、资本主义思想来搞社会主义是不 行的。


Some young people only praise foreign countries and criticize China, claiming that there is nothing good in China, that officials are corrupt, and that there are no good people. During a Chinese New Year, Wu Kequan invited the Japanese manager of the joint venture to dinner. Because his house was too small, he had to move things around and borrow a table from a hotel for the occasion. Despite this, the Japanese manager was still greatly surprised, "This is how small the house of a county chief is? And this is all they have?” Later, he told others, "Now I know what Chinese government officials are like!" Of course, just because someone says we're good doesn't mean we don't have problems. Regardless of the approach, socialism requires socialist ideology. We cannot abandon the spirit of dedication during the reform and implement socialism with feudal or capitalist ideology.


建设社会主义不能教条,更不能一刀切。一刀切就乱了,就完了。“昆山之 路”也只有在昆山这块土地上オ产生得出来。昆山有昆山的特点,苏州有苏州的特 点,各市县都有各市县的特点。但这里有个基本点,就是实事求是,自力更生也要 实事求是。世界是多元的,世界上没有也不可能只有或只允许ー个“主义”。就是 在ー个“主义”中,也有不同的模式。世上的路并非只有一条,条条大路通罗马。 不管白猫黑猫,只要能使全社会富裕并且和平就是好猫。


Building socialism cannot be dogmatic, nor can it be one-size-fits-all. One-size-fits-all will only result in chaos and failure. The "Kunshan Path" can only be achieved on the land of Kunshan. Kunshan has its own unique features, as does Suzhou, and each city and county has its own distinctive characteristics. However, the basic principle is to seek truth from facts and be self-reliant. The world is diverse, and there is no single or exclusive "ism" in the world. Even within a single "ism," there are different models. There is no single path in the world, and all roads lead to Rome. Regardless of whether it is a white cat or a black cat, as long as it can make the whole society prosperous and peaceful, it is a good cat.


社会主义是不是乌托邦?能做到两条就不是:ー要把经济搞上去,经济上去 了,什么都会改变,否则,一切都是“乌托邦”;二是党要管好自己。管好自己的关 键就是要摆正公仆和主人的位置,就是公仆要为人民服务。吴语中有句民谚:“一 代鲜鲜一代烟,代代鲜鲜碰着天。”社会主义要一代一代搞下去オ行。


Is socialism a utopia? It is not if two conditions are met: first, the economy must be improved, and once the economy is improved, everything will change; otherwise, everything will be a utopia. Second, the party must manage itself well. The key to managing oneself well is to establish the correct relationship between serving as a public servant and a master. There is a saying in Wu dialect: "A new generation of freshness replaces the old, and every generation is fresh and encounters the sky.” Socialism must be promoted from generation to generation.


大江东流去,几度タ阳红。问苍山黄土,说千古兴亡。我忽然莫名其妙地想到 了一句话:江山不会生癌。又莫名其妙地想到了自己写的一首诗一

The great river flows eastward, and the sun rises several times. Ask the Yellow Earth and the Grey Mountains, and they will say the rise and fall of nations will last forever. Out of the blue, a strange thought crossed my mind: "The land will never suffer from cancer." Just as inexplicably, I remembered a poem that I had written.

在你手中

有一块金子

这块金子永远属于你

不管海枯石烂

也不管天崩地裂

你千万千万

不要把它抛弃

中国梦

永远属于你


In your hands


There is a piece of gold


This gold will always belong to you


No matter how the sea dries up


Or the rocks crumble


You must never


Never abandon it


The Chinese Dream


Will always belong to you


（原载《雨花》1990年第10期）


(Originally published in the October 1990 issue of "Yuhua" magazine)

卷四：5.休息的革命

休息的革命（缩写本）

Revolution of Rest (Abridged Version)

王宏甲刘建

Wang Hongjia Liu Jan 

序言

Preface

人类经历了远古的“农业革命”、近代的“エ业革命”、当代的“高技术革命”,到 了今天,因高技术支持的生产カ空前发达,人类オ第一次有可能,并需要经历“休息 的革命”,为今天和未来的生活质量开辟新路。但是,非常难,因近代以来资本与技 术结盟的经济发展模式依然统治着世界。巨大的困难,并不在经济领域,而在精神 领域。所以,这是文学关心的命题。

Humanity has experienced the ancient ‘Agricultural Revolution’ the modern ‘Industrial Revolution’, and the contemporary ‘High-tech Revolution’. Today, with the unprecedented development of production supported by high technology, humanity for the first time has the opportunity and the need to experience a ‘Revolution of Rest’ to open up new paths for today and future quality of life. However, it is very difficult because the economic development model that has been dominated by the alliance of capital and technology since modern times still rules the world. The great difficulty lies not in the economic field, but in the spiritual field. So, this is the topic that literature cares about. 

“休息”在中国古代文化中意为“休养生息”。从剧烈的秦统ー战争结束再到 秦朝覆灭,西汉采取“与民休息”政策,使经济复苏、社会发展,并使中华多民族国 家的统ー在汉朝得到巩固。这“休息”所蕴含的社会和人生智慧,至今仍可探寻。

In ancient Chinese culture, “休息” means “rest and recuperate”. From the end of the fierce Qin-Tang war to the fall of the Qin Dynasty, the Western Han Dynasty adopted a policy of “resting with the people”, which promoted economic recovery and social development, and consolidated the unity of the multi-ethnic country of China under the Han Dynasty. The social and life wisdom contained in the word ‘rest’ can still be explored today. 

当今所称的国际金融危机,其实并非孤立地发生在金融领域,几乎所有生产领 域的困境都不是由于生产能力不足,而是过剩。科技的迅猛发展及其在生产中的 广泛应用,已使人类不需很多人员挤在工业生产中进行相互耗损性竞争,但这场危 机却使人们陷入更激烈的竞争。

The so-called international financial crisis today is not isolated to the financial sector. Almost all production sectors are facing difficulties not because of insufficient production capacity, but rather due to overcapacity. The rapid development of technology and its widespread application in production has eliminated the need for many people to compete with each other in industrial production, but this crisis has plunged people into even more intense competition. 

难道别无道路?审视三大产业结构,当发达国家的农业人口缩小到5%左右 时,中国有80%的农业人口 ;当发达国家工业人口缩小到10%以下时,中国工业人 ロ接近50%。今天,第三产业正在发达国家成为容纳最多就业人员的产业,中国 第三产业则是薄弱环节。倘能看清形势向第三产业转移,也不失为ー种理性选择。

Does this imply that there are no other options? If we examine the three major industrial sectors, we can see that while the agricultural population in developed countries has decreased to around 5%, in China, around 80% of the population is still engaged in agriculture. Similarly, while the industrial workforce in developed countries has shrunk to less than 10%, in China, the industrial workforce still accounts for close to 50% of the population. Today, the tertiary sector has become the industry employing the most people in developed countries, while in China, the tertiary sector is a weak link. If we can see clearly the trend of shifting to the tertiary industry, it is also a rational choice. 

旅游业是第三产业的龙头,是典型的消费型经济。文化产业亦然,而旅游业与 文化产业的“联姻”正在创造出前所未有的绚丽奇景。今天和未来,“休息的革命” 可首先在第三产业开拓的“休闲经济”里获得一种启蒙,这是值得全社会关注的。

The tourism industry is the leading industry of the tertiary sector and is a typical consumer-oriented economy. The cultural industry is the same, and the ‘marriage’ between the tourism industry and the cultural industry is creating unprecedented and magnificent scenery. Today and in the future, the ‘resting revolution’ can first be enlightened in the ‘leisure economy’ developed in the tertiary industry, which is worthy of attention from the whole society.

“休息的革命”当然不是不干活。本书以旅游业为主要描述对象,可以从中看 到最为典型的实践。30年前中国发展旅游业,正是从“走出去,玩ー玩”的“休息” 中发展出一片很大的天地。

“Revolution of Rest” certainly does not mean not working. This book primarily describes the tourism industry, from which we can see the most typical practices. Thirty years ago, China developed its tourism industry, which created a huge new market through the “go out and play” mentality of “resting”. 

由于我们长期重视科技、经济、教育等等,很多人对旅游这个“吃喝玩乐”的行 业究竟有多大作为不大关注。迄今很少人知道,中国旅游业正以年均约12%的速 度增长,高于同期国内生产总值的平均增长率,已是国民经济重要支柱产业。而 且,贡献远远不只体现在经济效益方面。

Due to our long-standing focus on technology, economy, education, and so on, many people have not paid much attention to the potential of the tourism industry, which is often seen as a sector for “eating, drinking, and having fun.” To this day, few people know that China's tourism industry is growing at an average annual rate of around 12%, higher than the average growth rate of the gross domestic product during the same period, and has become an important pillar of the national economy. Moreover, the contribution of the tourism industry is not only reflected in economic benefits. 

遍布中国的古迹,多是旅游行业挖空心思地ー个个修复或再造,然后就像“王 婆卖瓜”那样不遗余力地吆喝那“瓜”有多么好!因他们的吆喝,过去被批判为“腐 朽的封建主义”的东西,变成恢宏的数千年中华文明,温情地回到了我们的山山水 水,成为我们精神中辉煌的民族记忆。

The numerous historical relics scattered across China are tirelessly restored or recreated by the tourism industry, and then they enthusiastically promote these “melons” like “Wang Po selling melons”, touting how great they are! Because of their promotion, what was once criticized as the “decaying feudalism” has been transformed into the grand representation of thousands of years of Chinese civilization, warmly embraced in our landscapes, becoming the brilliant national memory in our hearts. 

旅游盘活的也远不只是古迹。单看艺术与旅游业“嫁接”,传统音乐、舞蹈以 及56个民族色彩斑斓的文化在旅游中复苏与创新,书画家的作品价格飙升,凡此 种种,对增强ー个国家的文化カ,是沛然化雨渗透到万万民众之中的。各省市“旅 游大篷车”还吆喝到国外,对中华风景与悠久文明的“推销”,规模和影响都是空前 的。直到这时,旅游业的重大作用仍未被足够认识。很少人知道,旅游业每增加1 人就业,可促进相关产业增加5人就业。世界上还没有一个产业,像旅游业这样与 各国人们广泛接触,与民生休戚相关,与百业相连。岂止是经济支柱?更养育精 神,承载如此宽广的社会担当,可谓ー业九鼎重千秋。

The revitalization brought about by tourism is not limited to ancient relics. Looking just at the combination of art and tourism, traditional music, dance, and the colorful cultures of the 56 ethnic groups have been revived and innovated in the tourism industry. The works of painters and calligraphers have also skyrocketed in price. All of these initiatives have contributed to enhancing the cultural confidence of a nation and have penetrated into the hearts of millions of people. Provinces and cities have even taken their “tourism caravans” abroad to promote China's landscapes and rich history, resulting in unprecedented scale and influence. Even at this point, the significant role of the tourism industry has not been fully recognized. Few people are aware that for every additional person employed in the tourism industry, it has the potential to stimulate employment for five individuals in related sectors. There is no industry in the world that has such extensive interaction with people from different countries, such close ties to people's livelihoods, and such deep connections to various sectors as the tourism industry. It is not just an economic pillar, but it also nurtures the spirit and carries such a broad social responsibility. It can be described as an industry of great significance and enduring importance. 

今天回头看看,中国旅游业30年来以“马超龙雀”的发展速度营造出的巨大消 费市场,已然是拯救金融危机时期经济困境的ー支宏伟力量。联合国世界旅游组 织预测中国到2015年将成为世界最大的旅游目的地国家。中国旅游业方兴未艾, 可谓“九万里风鹏正举” 〇本书的完成并非给中国旅游业过去的30年画个句号,而 是为促进当今和未来社会各业的和谐运转,提供ー个新的起点、新的观念。换句话 说,这是一本为今天和明天写的书。

Upon reflection, the Chinese tourism industry's remarkable growth over the past 30 years has generated a massive consumer market, akin to a magnificent force capable of alleviating economic distress during periods of financial crises. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization, it is predicted that by 2015, China will emerge as the world's largest tourist destination country. The Chinese tourism industry is still thriving, as one could describe it as “a phoenix soaring over a distance of nine thousand miles” (meaning it is in a period of rapid and impressive development). The completion of this book does not signify the end of the past 30 years for China's tourism industry, but rather a new start and a new perspective aimed at promoting the harmonious functioning of various sectors in today's society and the future. In other words, this book is written for today and tomorrow. 

“休息的革命”,不只是对眼前的全球性经济困境而言。

The “Revolution of Rest” goes beyond the current global economic challenges. 

从欧洲国家开发殖民地以来,到现代科技迅猛发展,“优胜劣汰”“以强汰弱” 的意识影响到世界各地。由此形成的快速发展、争先发展的意识和行为,促使工业 时代对资源的掠夺性开采把地球刨挖凿钻得百孔千疮,到20世纪人类的生存环境 发生了全面危机。为了不被别人灭掉,仍然要绞尽脑汁争强夺胜,奋カ竞争。这是 个无休无止没有宁日的人生消耗战。许多好时光都折腾进去了,各种压カ无孔不 入地摧残着人的健康。人类到底在被什么驱赶?生活本身的乐趣在哪儿?生命的 尊严、美好在哪儿?

Since European countries began expanding their colonial influence and with the rapid advancement of modern technology, the awareness of survival of the fittest and strong prevail over the weak has influenced regions worldwide. As a result, there has been a prevailing mindset and behavior of rapid development and striving for advancement, which has led to exploitative resource extraction and inflicted extensive damage upon the Earth, culminating in a comprehensive crisis in the human living environment in the 20th century. To avoid being wiped out by others, one must still rack their brains and strive to win, fiercely competing. It is an endless, relentless battle of life with no respite or peaceful days. Many good times are consumed, and various pressures infiltrate, relentlessly affecting people's health. What exactly drives humanity? Where is the joy of life? Where is the dignity and beauty of life? 


人类并不是生产的奴隶。人类需要从疯狂地追逐发展速度中觉醒,从疯狂的 相互耗损性竞争中觉醒,以新的生活方式和精神,给自己疲惫的生活、受伤的心灵 放假。


Human beings are not slaves of production. Humanity needs to awaken from the relentless pursuit of rapid development, from the frantic and depleting competition, and find new ways of living and nourishing the spirit, granting respite to their weary lives and wounded souls. 


今天人们寻求“可持续发展”,在我看来,更智慧的意识该是中国古典智慧中 重视的“和谐运转”。当生产能力过剩,运转失衡,重要的就不是哪个行业如何发 展,而是整个社会如何和谐运转,不能和谐运转就有危机。过去的30年,中国重视 发展贫困地区的旅游业,这里就有强弱结合,资源互补,并不是“以强汰弱”,而是 重视相互依存。这渊源联系着中国古老的智慧,君不见中国远古就有阴阳和谐观 吗?和谐运转不仅包括解决产业结构的失衡,还包括如何解决贫富差距等问题。

In today's world, there is a growing pursuit of sustainable development. From my perspective, a deeper understanding rooted in Chinese classical wisdom places emphasis on the concept of “harmonious coexistence”. When there is overcapacity and imbalance in production, the crucial focus shifts from the development of specific industries to how the entire society can achieve harmonious functioning. In the past 30 years, China has placed emphasis on developing the tourism industry in impoverished regions. This approach fosters a combination of strengths, resource complementarity, and values interdependence, rather than a “survival of the fittest” mentality. This connection is rooted in ancient Chinese wisdom. Have you not heard of the ancient Chinese concept of Yin and Yang and their harmonious coexistence? The notion of harmonious functioning encompasses not only addressing imbalances in industrial structure but also addressing issues such as wealth disparity. 


所谓“休养生息”,就是在激烈的争锋中,在人类付出的惨痛代价中,要冷静地 寻找有利于人类生息相存的生活智慧来拯救自己。在科技发达、生产能力也空前 发达的当代世界,人类需要发展休闲经济来革新发展经济的方式。

The concept of “rest and recuperation” refers to the need to calmly seek life wisdom that benefits the coexistence of humanity amidst fierce competition and the painful cost paid by human beings. In the contemporary world, characterized by advanced technology and unprecedented productive capacity, humanity needs to develop the leisure economy to revolutionize the way economic development is pursued. 


在人类通过一次次“生产革命” “技术革命”来营建生活的历史进程中,倘能觉 悟到可以通过发展休闲经济来促进社会各业趋向平衡,这是更高层面的可持续发 展,并可望普遍地提升人类的生活质量。这无论从思想认识、精神境界和经济形式 上都是深具革命性的。在这个世界性的背景上来审视“休息的革命”,将发现这是 个庄严的命题,具有值得我们去深究的丰富内涵。


Throughout the historical progression of human civilization, marked by various “industrial revolutions” and “technological revolutions,” there is an opportunity for us to realize that the development of the leisure economy can contribute to a more balanced and sustainable society. This is deeply revolutionary in terms of ideological understanding, spiritual realm, and economic form. By examining the concept of the “Revolution of Rest” within the global context, we recognize its profound significance and rich implications, deserving further in-depth exploration. 


“休息的革命”无疑需要人们以清醒的头脑智慧地参与,这需要认识它为人生 带来的好处。仍以人类以往走向旅游的经历为例,可以看到游历对于人生的全面 发展有多么重要。

Undoubtedly, the “revolution of rest” requires active and wise participation from individuals, which necessitates recognizing the benefits it brings to one's life. Taking the past experiences of humanity's inclination towards travel as an example, we can see how important exploring the world is for comprehensive personal development. 

人生之旅,就得去“履”。ー个人在ー个地方待久了,生活环境会对自己造成 封闭。人们还可能把习惯当真理,这就需要走出去。所谓“履历”,不应限于读书 工作的经历,这“履”是穿着鞋天南海北去游历。世界因此而广阔,人间因此而亲 近。没有旅游的经历怎有履历?

Life is a journey that requires us to “step” forward. When we stay in one place for too long, the environment can create a sense of enclosure within ourselves. People may also mistake their habits for truths, and that's when we need to venture out. The concept of “resume” goes beyond academic and professional experiences; it encompasses the act of venturing out and exploring far and wide, immersing oneself in diverse places and cultures. The world becomes vast as a result, and humanity becomes more connected. How can one have a well-rounded resume without the experience of travel? 

“博览群书”（未必要读万卷书）与“行万里路”同等重要。闭门读书会读成书 呆子。鞋里存储的记忆,比在学校读十几年书更牢靠、立体、开阔而有用。

The act of “broadening one's knowledge through reading” (not necessarily reading thousands of books) is equally important as “traveling thousands of miles.” Merely confining oneself to reading books in seclusion can lead to a narrow-minded approach. The memories stored in the “shoes”, are more reliable, vivid, expansive, and useful than many years of schooling. 

孔子周游列国,丰富了识见。司马迁游踪达半个神州,オ有生动翔实的《史记》。李白年纪轻轻仗剑去国,辞亲远游。“飞流直下三千尺,疑是银河落九天。” 他的诗歌自由如云,得益于山川造化。和尚云游四海,弘扬了佛教文化。《西游 记》取材于玄奘取经,而玄奘游记显然不只是传播了佛经。

Confucius enriched his knowledge through his travels across different states, which expanded his insights and understanding. Sima Qian traveled extensively across half of ancient China, resulting in the creation of the vivid and detailed “Records of the Grand Historian.” 

Li Bai, at a young age, embarked on a journey with his sword, bidding farewell to his family and traveling afar. “Like a cascading waterfall descending three thousand feet, it appears as if the Milky Way has fallen from the heavens.” His poetry was as free-flowing as the clouds, greatly influenced by the natural wonders of mountains and rivers. Similarly, Buddhist monks traveling across the four seas spread and promoted Buddhist culture. “The Journey to the West” draws inspiration from Xuanzang's pilgrimage to obtain Buddhist scriptures, but Xuanzang's travelogue clearly encompassed more than just the dissemination of Buddhist texts.


曹孟德观沧海,陈子昂登幽州台,王勃过滕王阁,很多人生识见在行旅中领悟 得到。湖光塔影,海浪江涛,能引起诗人的遐想,也能启迪书法家的胸怀。王羲之 将郊游视为“游目骋怀”，“仰观宇宙之大,俯察品类之盛”,オ留下不朽的《兰亭集 序》。

Cao Mengde (Cao Cao) gazed upon the boundless sea, Chen Ziang ascended the tower in Youzhou, and Wang Bo passed by the Terrace of Tengwang. Many individuals have gained profound insights and understanding of life through their experiences and journeys. The shimmering reflections on the lake, the crashing waves of the sea, not only evoke poetic reverie but also inspire calligraphers’ hearts. Wang Xizhi regarded outings as a way to “broaden the gaze and expand the mind,” as he wrote in his immortal “Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Collection.” 


宋代游记名篇辈出。王安石《游褒禅山记》,范仲淹《岳阳楼记》,欧阳修《醉翁 亭记》,都是极好的散文名篇。苏东坡在逆境中也是开开心心的,登山临水,写字画 画,喝酒吃肉,吟诗赏月。“一点浩然气,千里快哉风。”举手投足间洋溢着超凡而 不脱俗的大度,支撑他的是心中广博的中华文化。


The Song Dynasty witnessed the emergence of numerous outstanding travelogues and famous works. Wang Anshi's “Record of the Visit to the Mount Baochan,” Fan Zhongyan's “Record of the Yueyang Tower,” and Ouyang Xiu's “Record of the Pavilion of the Drunken Old Man” are all excellent masterpieces of prose. Su Dongpo remained cheerful even in adversity, climbing mountains, enjoying the waters, writing and painting, indulging in food and drink, and composing poems while appreciating the moon. “With a trace of vast righteousness, I am as swift as the wind, traveling a thousand miles.” With every gesture and movement, he exuded extraordinary and yet unassuming magnanimity, supported by his profound knowledge of Chinese culture. 


徐霞客22岁开始步行远游,成为伟大的地理学家。郑和七下西洋,更是令世 界震撼的壮游!“天下兴亡,匹夫有责。”这是顾炎武的名言。顾炎武一年中有一 半时间在旅店里住宿,每到一处,把实地考察与书本上的记载对照研究,《京东考古 录》《昌平山水记》等书,就是他旅游治学的成果。孙中山游历美国,萌生了他的新 思想。蔡元培游历欧洲,回国出任北大校长。周恩来游学法国,那“难酬蹈海亦英 雄”的豪情,是容纳中外也是承前启后的。

Xu Xiake, starting at the age of 22, embarked on extensive journeys on foot, ultimately becoming a great geographer. Zheng He's seven voyages to the Western Seas were an awe-inspiring feat that shook the world. “The rise and fall of nations concerns every individual,” is a famous quote by Gu Yanwu. He spent half of the year staying in inns, comparing firsthand observations with recorded accounts from books in every place he visited. His works, such as “Records of Archaeological Exploration in Jingdong” and “Scenic Memoirs of Changping,” were the fruits of his scholarly travels. Sun Yat-sen’s journey to the United States sparked his new ideology. Cai Yuanpei traveled to Europe and returned to China to assume the presidency of Peking University. Zhou Enlai studied in France, and his heroic spirit of “Unfulfilled, I’d brave the sea, as heroes did with bravery.” encompasses both embracing the world and carrying on the past to inspire the future. 


因远行而打开识见,提升的不仅是个人。四大文明古国中没有希腊,但古希腊 人被称为“全然的旅行者”,正是旅游使他们走到了发达的两河流域和古埃及,吸 收他人文明而使希腊成为欧洲文明的发祥地。

By embarking on distant journeys, one not only broadens their horizons but also experiences personal growth. Among the four ancient civilizations, Greece was not included, but the ancient Greeks were known as “complete travelers”. It was through travel that they were able to reach the prosperous regions of Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt, absorbing the culture of others and making Greece the birthplace of European civilization. 


中国历史岁月中的旅游,其实多么悠久绚丽。中国话“观光”,语出《易经》。 谓“观国之光”,意为观览国之光辉。3000年前周穆王巡游非只游山玩水。一国之 主,不游历国土,不知国情与民情,何以治国?周穆王远游波斯（今伊朗）,最早踏 出中国通往西域的道路。秦修大道,车同轨,沟通天下,与其说为秦始皇出游带来 方便,莫如说为中国的统ー开辟了大道。汉武帝七登泰山,六出萧关,出游打破诸 侯封闭,九州热土,千秋归汉。隋炀帝扬帆出游,促进了大运河开发。游历会大大 开阔君王眼界,以及当代领导者的智识和胸怀,从而影响ー个民族或ー个企业。


The history of tourism in China is also remarkably extensive and splendid. The Chinese term for “sightseeing” originates from the Book of Changes (Yi Jing). It refers to “observing the light of a nation” and signifies the admiration of a nation's brilliance. Three thousand years ago, King Mu of the Zhou Dynasty's royal tour was not merely for leisurely pursuits like enjoying mountains and rivers. The ruler of a nation who does not travel across the land and remains unaware of the state of the country and its people, how can they effectively govern? King Mu of Zhou embarked on a distant journey to Persia (modern-day Iran), thus pioneering the earliest route from China to the Western Regions. The construction of the Great Wall by the Qin Dynasty, with its standardized roads and unified carriages, facilitated communication throughout the empire. It can be said that it not only brought convenience to Emperor Qin Shi Huang's travels but also opened up a grand pathway for the unification of China. Emperor Wu of Han ascended Mount Tai seven times, ventured beyond the Xiao Pass six times, and through his travels, broke the seclusion of the feudal lords. His actions stirred up the entire land of the nine provinces, leading to a period where all regions ultimately acknowledged the Han rule. Emperor Yang of Sui set sail on his travels, promoting the development of the Grand Canal. Traveling can greatly broaden the horizons of kings, as well as the wisdom and vision of contemporary leaders, thereby affecting a nation or a corporation. 

古典时代先人走向旅游,或许有“天人合一”的更多默契。那里的“天”,包括 自然也包括社会。到现代,我们可能以“革命加拼命”的方式覆盖了先人丰富生命 质量的智慧。游历对于人生与社会的全面发展是深具意义的。可以肯定地说:不 读书不能治愚,不远行难有出息。为人父母要有意识地带孩子去远行。如果你依 然埋头于读书或工作,尚未意识到旅游对于人生举足轻重的塑造功能,其实是ー种 损失。一旦体会到,你也将会从这种“休息”中感受到ー种“革命”的心灵震动。


In the classical era, our ancestors embarked on journeys, perhaps with a deeper understanding of the harmony between heaven and man. The “heavens” there, encompass both nature and society. In the modern era, we may have overlaid the wisdom of our ancestors on enriching the quality of life with a “revolution plus hard work” approach. Travel is deeply meaningful for the holistic development of life and society. It can be affirmed that without reading, ignorance cannot be cured, and without traveling far, it is hard to achieve anything significant. As parents, we need to consciously take our children on long journeys. If you are still immersed in reading or work and have not realized the significant shaping function of travel on life, it is actually a kind of loss. Once you experience it, you will also feel a kind of “revolutionary” spiritual shock from this kind of “rest”.

ー、开放之门

Chapter 1 Opening the Gate 


国门在哪儿?在天上? 1978年,中国民航飞机的日利用时间オ1.9个小时。 国门刚开一条缝,西方人就来了。住宿难惊动中南海!开放国家“禁苑”迎游客, 调军用飞机把旅客送往天津住宿,这事反映国情也反映人情。紧张状况延续到 1982年,空军部队还派出1800多架次飞机协助空运游客,此种情景举世无双。

Where is the national gate? In the sky? In 1978, the daily utilization time of Chinese civil aircraft was 1.9 hours. As soon as the national gate opened a crack, Westerners came. Difficulty in accommodation shocked Zhongnanhai! Opening the national “forbidden city” to welcome tourists, and arranging military aircraft to send tourists to Tianjin for accommodation, this situation reflected both national conditions and human nature. The tense situation continued until 1982 when the Air Force dispatched more than 1,800 flights to assist in the air transport of tourists, a scenario unique in the world. 

1.国门开启一条缝

1. A Sliver Opens in the Nation's Gate

2.关于改革,人们常说是从小岗村实行承包制开始的。很少人想过,开放,是从 旅游业打开国门拉开序幕的。

About reform, people often say it started with the contract system implemented in Xiaogang Village. Few people have thought that opening up began with the tourism industry opening the national gate. 

1978年3月5日,中共中央下发红头文件,增加对外开放城市,成立旅游机构, 发展旅游业。当时人们并未感到有多大动静,这却是件历史性的大事。这意味着 对外开放,意味着封闭多年的国门由此打开。外电评价:这是“红色中国”第一次 公开允许外国人以旅游者身份进入中国。

On March 5, 1978, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a official document, expanding the number of cities open to the world, establishing tourism agencies, and developing the tourism industry. At the time, people didn't feel much of a stir, but this was a historical event. This implied opening up to the outside world, signifying the opening of the nation's gate that had been closed for many years. Foreign media commentary: This is the first time that “Red China” has openly allowed foreigners to enter China as tourists. 

此时,中共中央十一届三中全会尚未召开,安徽凤阳小岗村18户农民也尚未 召开那个按手印的“大包干”秘密会议。

At that time, the third plenary session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China had not yet been held, and the 18 farmers of Xiaogang Village in Fengyang, Anhui, had not yet held that secret “contract responsibility system” meeting with handprints. 

今天人们常说,改革开放,国门大开。

Today, people often say, with reform and opening up, the country's doors are wide open. 

其实,1978年,国门只是刚刚开启一条缝。

Actually, in 1978, the national door was just slightly ajar.

那时候,还不是你想来就能来的,有名额限制和一套内控条例。在签证时,对 入境的外国人卡得很严格,记者就不让进。那时候,西方称苏联是“铁幕”,称中国 是“竹幕”。

At that time, it was not the case that you could come if you wanted to, there were quota restrictions and a set of internal control regulations. During the visa application, the scrutiny for foreigners entering the country was very strict, journalists were not allowed in. At that time, the West referred to the Soviet Union as the “Iron Curtain”, and China was called the “Bamboo Curtain”. 

对世界来说,中国还是个巨大的谜。这大门里生活着1〇多亿人呢!所以,国 门初开一条缝,国外的捷足先登者挤进来了,还有更多的外国人挤在这条缝外,进 不来。

To the world, China was a vast mystery. Over a billion people live behind this big door! Therefore, when the national door was just slightly open, foreign early adopters squeezed in, and many more foreigners were squeezed outside this gap, unable to come. 

虽然,国务院已经下发了发展旅游、挣取外汇的文件,但在对外开放的问题上, 当时某些高层领导还有种种疑虑:

Although the State Council had already issued documents on developing tourism and earning foreign exchange, there were still various doubts among some senior leaders at the time regarding the issue of opening up: 

“是不是开放得太早了?”

“Did we open up too early?” 

“会不会把特务放进来,窃取了情报怎么办?”

“What if spies are let in and steal our intelligence?” 

“国外资产阶级生活方式会不会腐蚀我们的干部?”

“Will the bourgeois lifestyle from abroad corrupt our officials?” 

“会不会把我们的干部带出去?”

“Will they take our officials away?” 

“我们落后的地方,不能给外人看。”

“We can't let foreigners see our underdeveloped aspects.” 

在十一届三中全会召开之前,1978年10月9日,邓小平会见美国泛美航空公 司董事长西威尔,就对陪同会见的国家旅游局和民航总局的负责人说:“民航、旅游 这两个行业很值得搞。”

Before the third plenary session of the 11th Central Committee was convened, on October 9, 1978, Deng Xiaoping met with the Chairman of Pan American World Airways, Seawell, and said to the heads of the China National Tourism Administration and the Civil Aviation Administration who accompanied the meeting: “The civil aviation and tourism industries are very worth developing.” 

小平还说:“ー个旅行者花费1000美元,一年接待1000万旅行者,就可以赚 100亿美元。就算接待一半,也可以赚50亿美元。要力争本世纪末达到这个创汇 目标。”

Xiaoping also said, “If one traveler spends 1000 dollars, receiving 10 million travelers a year would earn us 10 billion dollars. Even if we receive only half, we can still earn 5 billion dollars. We should strive to achieve this foreign exchange goal by the end of this century.”

1979年1月到7月,邓小平又连续发表了《旅游业要变成综合性的行业》《旅 游事业大有文章可做》《发展旅游事业,增加国家收入》《把黄山的牌子打出去》等 四篇讲话。他毫不犹豫地说:“旅游事业大有文章可做,要突出地搞,加快地搞。旅 游赚钱多,来得快,没有还不起外债的问题,为什么不能大搞呢「’

From January to July in 1979, Deng Xiaoping successively gave four speeches: “The Tourism Industry Should Become a Comprehensive Industry”, “There is Much Potential in the Tourism Industry”, “Develop the Tourism Industry to Increase National Income”, and “Promote Huangshan to the World”. He confidently stated, “There is much potential in the tourism industry, and it should be promoted and accelerated. Tourism is profitable and quick to yield returns, it doesn't create unpayable foreign debts. Why can't we promote it more aggressively?” 

于是,门缝拉大了。

Thus, the gap in the door widened. 

中国向世界旅游者打开了一扇门。

China opened a door to tourists from around the world. 

“到中国去!”这是近百年来第一次出现的国际时髦声音。

“Visit China!” This became a trendy international call for the first time in nearly a century. 

不同国家、不同种族的四海宾朋蜂拥而来。一种世界性的冲动,开放的大戏, 在中国旅游领域拉开了序幕。

Guests of different nationalities and races from all over the world came in droves. A global urge, the grand spectacle of openness, has commenced in China's tourism sector. 

当五洲四海语言不同、肤色各异的朋友三五成群频频出现在长安街时,相当多 人还不明白是怎么回事,念叨着:这不是“文革”中要打倒的“帝国主义”吗?怎么 跑到长安街来了?还有人说,八国联军的后代,怎么成了 “义和团”后代的“座上 宾”?我们还坚持社会主义吗?

When friends from all around the world, speaking different languages and having different skin colors, began to appear frequently in groups on Chang’an Street, many people didn’t understand what was happening. They wondered: Aren't these the “imperialists” we were supposed to overthrow during the “Cultural Revolution”? How did they end up on Chang’an Street? Others said, how did the descendants of the Eight-Nation Alliance become honored guests of the descendants of the “Boxers”? Are we still upholding socialism? 

但中国毕竟有礼仪之邦的悠久传统,大多数国人具有与生俱来的好客古风,所 以也有很多人向外宾送去友好的微笑。

However, China, after all, has a long tradition of being a country of etiquette. Most Chinese people have an inherent hospitality, so many people also greeted the foreign guests with friendly smiles. 

从接待来说,“内紧外松”,接待者的心情也很复杂。因为内部还绷着“阶级斗 争”之弦,中国国际旅行社的导游每次陪团都得花几小时写出“情况报告”。导游 小心翼翼,如履薄冰,不能有任何疏忽和闪失。

From a reception perspective, it was a situation of “tight on the inside, relaxed on the outside”, and the feelings of the hosts were complex. Since the “class struggle” was still a tense issue domestically, tour guides from China International Travel Service(CITS) had to spend several hours writing “situation reports” each time they accompanied a group. The tour guides were very cautious, like walking on thin ice, with no room for negligence or mistakes. 

ー对台湾老夫妻跟随香港旅行团入了境。公安局担心他们是“特务”,嘱告导 游“不要给他们单独活动的机会”。实际上,这对时隔30年オ返乡的老夫妻也在思 忖:“共产党会不会对我们怎么样?”

An elderly couple from Taiwan entered the country with a Hong Kong tour group. The Public Security Bureau, worried they might be spies, instructed the tour guide to “not give them opportunities for independent activities.” In reality, this couple, who were returning home after 30 years, were also pondering, “Will the Communist Party do something to us?” 


1979年了,我们的国门是打开了,但我们的意识还很不开放。我们开放的步 伐,还没有迈开大步。

It was 1979, our national doors were open, but our mind was not very open yet. Our steps toward openness had not yet been taken in strides. 

“当时外国人要进来不容易,首先要取得国旅的指标,而国旅指标是有控制的, 像发粮票ー样,年初分配名额给法国、英国、美国等各国的旅行商。旅行商为争取 到更多的名额,经常与国旅争得面红耳赤。”王尔康说。

“At that time, it was not easy for foreigners to enter. Firstly, they needed to obtain a quota from the CITS, which was controlled like ration coupons, with quotas being allocated to travel agents from countries like France, Britain, and the United States at the beginning of the year. Travel agents often argued fiercely with the CITS to secure more quotas,” said Wang Erkang.

王尔康原是个外交官,一身文气,早年担任国旅总经理,是中国旅游业的“活档 案”。他清瘦挺直的身材,敏锐的眼睛,让人过目难忘。他说国外旅行商常抱怨说: “我们是拼命发展旅游,你们是限制旅游。”

Wang Erkang, a former diplomat with a scholarly demeanor, served as the general manager of the CITS in his early years and is considered a “living archive” of the Chinese tourism industry. His slim and upright figure, and keen eyes, are unforgettable. He said that foreign travel agents often complained, “We are desperately developing tourism, but you are restricting it.” 

1979年,美国有17万人申请来华旅游,只有2万人获准。在日本年轻人中,4 个人就有3个想到中国旅游,报名到西安的就有120万人。各国要求来华旅游的 人数都远远超过国旅定额。海外华侨来华,归中国旅行社负责统筹,也有名额限 制。有些华侨登记排队好多年了,还没有获得签证。五洲四海的声音都在问:“你 们不是也想挣外汇吗?为什么有钱不赚?”

In 1979, 170,000 Americans applied to travel to China, but only 20,000 were approved. Among young people in Japan, three out of four wanted to travel to China, with 1.2 million signing up for trips to Xi'an. The number of people from various countries who requested to travel to China far exceeded the quota set by the CITS. Overseas Chinese coming to China were managed by CITS, and they also had quota restrictions. Some overseas Chinese had been on the waiting list for many years and still had not received a visa. People from all over the world were asking, “Don't you also want to earn foreign exchange? Why are you not taking the money?” 

在当年还相当简陋的会议室、办公室里,国家旅游总局组织学习小平讲话精神 的春夏秋冬,大家都还记忆犹新。这记忆告诉我们,封闭久了,打开我们的观念之 门,并不比下个文件打开国门容易。

In the rather rudimentary meeting rooms and offices of that year, the memory of studying Deng Xiaoping's speeches during the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter under the organization of the China National Tourism Administration(CNTA) is still fresh in everyone's mind. This memory tells us that after being closed for a long time, opening the doors of our mindset is not any easier than issuing a document to open the national doors. 

春夏秋冬,我们像大扫除那样,一次次地清除旅游工作就是“吃喝玩乐”“洋奴 思想”“为资产阶级服务”等“文革”遗留的影响。大扫除后,我们的会议室、办公室 里也布置出新的景观。新景观能形象地说明,我们已经认识到,旅游业是“无烟エ 业”,是“无形贸易”,是投资少、见效快、多创外汇的综合性经济事业。我们还记住 了陈云同志的话:“旅游收入实际上是'风景出口 ’,比外贸出口收入来得快。”

Throughout the seasons, we, like conducting a major cleanup, repeatedly eliminated the influence left by the “Cultural Revolution” that suggested tourism work was merely about “indulgence”, “subservience to foreigners”, and “serving the bourgeoisie”. After the major cleanup, our meeting rooms and offices also took on a new look. The new scenery vividly shows that we have recognized that the tourism industry is a “smokeless industry”, an “invisible trade”, and a comprehensive economic venture that requires little investment, yields quick results, and generates much foreign exchange. We also remember Comrade Chen Yun's words: "Tourism income is essentially ‘scenery export’, which generates income faster than traditional exports.” 

那时,很多人还不了解外汇,但开始对有外汇的人刮目相看。搞旅游工作的则 开始懂得,外汇储备是ー个国家在国际经济活动中实カ的象征。国家持有的外汇 储备可以保障国家进口重要战略物资、关键技术,还能保障金融体系的安全。万一 发生战争、灾害,或者国际经济形势突然变化,国家银行可以用充足的外汇储备来 应对突发的金融风险。

At that time, many people still didn't understand foreign exchange, but they started to look up to those who had foreign exchange. Those involved in the tourism industry began to understand that foreign exchange reserves are a real symbol of a country's participation in international economic activities. The foreign exchange reserves held by a country can ensure the import of important strategic materials and key technologies, as well as safeguard the security of the financial system. In case of war, disaster, or sudden changes in the international economic situation, the national bank can use ample foreign exchange reserves to cope with sudden financial risks. 

旅游外汇换汇率比出口物资换汇率高。按1978年计算,出口的物资,平均约 二元七八角人民币的东西换回一美元。有些轻エ业产品由于花色品种不适应国际 市场的需要,卖不出好价格,往往要用四五元人民币的东西才能换回一美元外汇, 而旅游外汇,只需要一元五角多人民币就可以换回一美元。

The exchange rate for tourism foreign exchange is higher than that for exported goods. Based on calculations from 1978, on average, goods worth about 2.7-2.8 RMB could be exchanged for one US dollar in exports. Some light industry products, due to their designs and varieties not meeting the needs of the international market, couldn't be sold at a good price, often needing goods worth four or five RMB to exchange for one US dollar in foreign exchange. However, for tourism foreign exchange, only a bit over 1.5 RMB was needed to exchange for one US dollar. 

中国地域辽阔,山水风光、文物古迹、民俗风情等旅游资源丰富,是世界旅游资 源大国,发展旅游有独特的优势。国务院成立了以主管副总理为首的旅游工作领 导小组,各地政府也相继成立领导小组。不管怎么说,旅游业开始从“贴钱”转向 挣钱。这个进步很重要。

China, with its vast territory, rich natural landscapes, cultural relics, folk customs, and other tourism resources, is a major tourism resource country in the world, with unique advantages in developing tourism. The State Council established a tourism work leadership group headed by the deputy prime minister in charge, and local governments also successively established leadership groups. No matter how you look at it, the tourism industry has started to transition from losing money to making money. This progress is very significant. 

“莫畏途难时日远,鸡鸣林角现晨曦。”ー个旅游业的新的早晨苏醒了。但就 像夏日的北京仿佛没有早晨似的,大街上很快就车水马龙。这时,“旅游业工作 者”都感到自身压カ重重了,而且很快就感到“压得喘不过气来”

“Do not fear the long and difficult journey, as the crowing of the rooster signals the break of dawn.” A new morning for the tourism industry has awakened. But like summer mornings in Beijing, which seem non-existent, the streets quickly become bustling. At this time, “tourism workers” all felt a heavy burden on themselves, and soon felt "so pressured they could hardly breathe". 


2. 今夜宿何方

Where to Stay Tonight?

有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?当四海旅游者蜂拥而至时,我们却乱了方寸,慌了 手脚。我们还没有建起与此相适应的旅游市场秩序,面临的突出困难一下子就推 到了我们鼻子跟前:条件简陋、住房奇缺、交通困阻。

Isn't it joyful to have friends coming from afar? When tourists from all over the world flocked in, we were thrown into confusion and panic. We hadn't yet established a tourism market order that was commensurate with this influx, and the outstanding difficulties were suddenly pushed right in front of us: basic conditions, severe shortage of accommodation, and transportation difficulties. 

旅游工作者们竭尽全力,想让外宾住好吃好,可是1978年的北京,只有7家涉 外饭店,能拿得出手的床位充其量还不上2000张。从全国来说,也只有137家有 点样子的饭店。

Tourism workers tried their best to provide good accommodations and food for foreign guests, but in 1978, Beijing only had 7 hotels that catered to foreigners, with no more than 2000 decent beds. Nationally, there were only 137 somewhat decent hotels. 

北京国旅、中旅捉襟见肘,天天愁的就是客房。饭店走廊全都住满,标准间中 间加铺,会议室打起通铺,还有客人等待在大堂。饭店里再也没地方可塞床位了, 大厅乱哄哄的,客人翘首盼等,怎么办?

Beijing CITS were stretched to their limits, with their daily concern being the shortage of guest rooms. Corridors of hotels were all filled with people, extra beds were added to standard rooms, conference rooms were made into shared accommodations, and there were still guests waiting in the lobby. There was no longer any space to squeeze in extra beds in the hotels, the lobby was chaotic, and guests were eagerly waiting. What could be done? 

有的把客人拉到北京“上海西餐厅”,把吃西餐的小桌子拼起来当大床;或拉 到“莫斯科餐厅”打地铺,男女屏风挡隔,权且将就。当时来华观光的旅游者,有很 多是腰缠万贯的富翁,叫人住在这种条件的地方,也真觉得丢了国家的面子。

Some would take guests to Beijing's “Shanghai Western Restaurant”, where small dining tables were put together to serve as a big bed, or they would go to the “Moscow Restaurant” for makeshift sleeping arrangements, with screens separating men and women. At that time, many tourists visiting China were wealthy tycoons, and having them stay in such conditions really made us feel as if we were losing face for our country. 

还有个办法是用“缓兵之计”。这批外宾下了飞机,前批宾客还没退房。于是 先把客人连行李ー起拉到故宫、颐和园去游览,这边紧张地腾房间。那时外宾旅游 也真够累的,你想想,乘了 20多个小时飞机,到达北京后,时差还没有倒过来,就要 拖着疲惫的身子去参观。到晚上,等上一批客人走了,才能入住宾馆。

Another strategy was to use a “delaying tactic”. When one group of foreign guests landed, the previous group of guests had not yet checked out. So, the new guests and their luggage were taken straight to sightseeing spots like the Forbidden City and the Summer Palace, while hotel rooms were urgently being vacated on the other end. At that time, foreign tourists were indeed tired. Just imagine, after a 20-hour flight, they arrived in Beijing and before they could even adjust to the time difference, they had to go sightseeing while exhausted. It wasn't until the evening, when the previous group of guests had left, that they could check into the hotel. 

像这样当晚能入住的旅游团,还算是幸运的。

Tourist groups that were able to check into a hotel on the same day they arrived were actually considered lucky. 

有一次,青旅接了一个美国团,北京实在无处下榻了,打电话向时任团中央书 记的李瑞环汇报。李瑞环也没法子,硬着头皮给小平打电话。小平打电话给空军, 动用军用飞机连夜把外宾运送到天津去过夜,第二天又用飞机运回北京来观光。


Once, China Youth Travel Service(CYTS) received a group from the United States, but there were simply no accommodations available in Beijing. They reported this to Li Ruihuan, who was then the Secretary of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. Li Ruihuan had no solution, and had to call Deng Xiaoping directly. Deng Xiaoping contacted the Air Force to arrange military aircraft to fly the guests overnight to Tianjin, where they could spend the night. The next day, they were flown back to Beijing for sightseeing. 


坐飞机易地投宿,现在来说是不可思议的事。而那时,为解决住宿问题,通过 国务院李先念、陈慕华等副总理调军用飞机把客人送往天津等地住宿,是常有的 事,最远的送到南京。


This kind of extraordinary arrangement - flying guests to a different city for overnight accommodation - is simply unimaginable today. Back then, to solve the accommodation problem, it was common for Vice Premiers like Li Xianian and Chen Muhua to arrange for guests to be flown to places like Tianjin and even as far as Nanjing using military aircraft. 


1978年,全国旅游入境人数超过!80万人次,比以往20年宾客总和还要多。 到1979年,客人成倍增加,而宾馆不能像孙悟空拔根毫毛那样呼之即出,住宿矛盾 更加突显。外国游客在大厅里打地铺已不奇怪,戏称在东方野营;在机场里围着毛 毯候飞机,犹如战后在某个边境机场等待联军来接难民。

In 1978, the total number of inbound tourists in China exceeded 1.8 million, which was more than the total number of guests in the previous 20 years. By 1979, the number of guests had multiplied, and the contradiction between the growing demand and the limited hotel supply became even more prominent. Unlike Sun Wukong (the Monkey King) who could summon something out of thin air by plucking a single hair, we couldn't magically produce hotels. It was no longer surprising to see foreign tourists sleeping on the floor in the lobby, jokingly calling it "camping in the East"; or wrapping themselves in blankets at the airport, waiting for flights like refugees waiting for Allied forces at a border airport after a war. 

京城缺旅社,今夜宿何家?这个问号,就是深深的记忆。

Where would they stay in Beijing, a city lacking hotels? This question is a deep memory. 

北京东长安街6号,当年是国家旅游局和国旅总社所在地,经常有蓝眼睛、高 鼻梁的洋人坐在门口的台阶上,等住所,等机票。这样的风景,在当时大国中,恐怕 绝无仅有。

No. 6 East Chang’an Street in Beijing, where the CNTA and CITS were located, often saw blue-eyed, high-nosed foreigners sitting on the steps at the entrance, waiting for accommodation, waiting for plane tickets. Such a sight, in a big country like China at that time, was probably unprecedented. 

早在美国总统尼克松访华前タ,北京饭店新建了一座23层的大厦,现在远远 安排不下蜂拥而至的宾客。北京饭店总经理手头只有7间住房的机动权,其他房 子的钥匙掌控在国务院谷牧、陈慕华、余秋里、王震4位副总理的手里。先给谁得 副总理协调发话,ー时成为天下奇闻。

Before President Nixon's visit to China, a 23-story building was constructed at the Beijing Hotel. But now, it's far from enough to accommodate the influx of guests. The General Manager of Beijing Hotel only had the flexibility to allocate 7 rooms, and the keys to the rest of the rooms were in the hands of the four Deputy Prime Ministers, Gu Mu, Chen Muhua, Yu Qiuli, and Wang Zhen. Deciding who should receive the rooms upon the coordination of the Deputy Prime Ministers was a curious issue at the time. 

ー些客人久仰北京饭店的大名,宁肯在大堂静等,也不愿去别处投宿。有一次 全部客人都安顿好了,还剩一个没着落,怎么办?结果他在同行者卫生间的浴缸 里,蜷曲着过了一夜。

Some guests, having heard of the great reputation of the Beijing Hotel, preferred to wait patiently in the lobby rather than seek accommodations elsewhere. Once, when all guests were accommodated, one person was left without a place to stay. What to do? In the end, he curled up in the bathtub of his fellow travelers' bathroom and spent the night there. 

不仅住宿难,而且条件差。

Not only was it difficult to find accommodation, but the conditions were also poor. 

中国旅游协会副会长兼秘书长李玉莺,说起她当年带一批美国客人去招待所 住宿,她说美国人ー看,缩了回来,不肯入住,认为条件比美国监狱还差,当即给美 国使馆打电话,使馆人员叫他们先去使馆。李玉莺苦口婆心劝阻。天又下起了雨, 她就把这批客人拉到北京饭店大堂,每人发个毯子,在沙发上过夜。她也陪着外宾 在椅子上度过漫长的夜晚。

Li Yuying, Vice President and Secretary-General of the China Tourism Association, spoke about the time she brought a group of American guests to stay in a guesthouse. Upon seeing the conditions, the Americans recoiled, refusing to stay. They believed that the conditions were worse than those in American prisons, and immediately called the U.S. embassy, which suggested they go to the embassy instead. Li Yuying tried her best to persuade them otherwise. It started raining also, so she took this group of guests to the lobby of the Beijing Hotel, handed each person a blanket, and let them spend the night on the sofas. She also accompanied the guests, spending the long night on a chair. 

这是发生在20世纪80年代初的事。不能怪美国人挑剔,与国外饭店相比,我 们的条件确实差太多。那时的招待所是个什么状况?几乎所有招待所的房间都没 有卫生间,ー个楼层两大排客房,走廊尽头有个公用厕所,散发出的异味弥漫整个 走廊。洗澡间大多设在厕所隔壁,你脱掉衣服洗澡的时候,感觉隔壁的臭气直接侵 袭你的全身,让你感觉全身都有洗不掉的臭味。而且,每天只供应两小时热水,你 进去洗澡的时候也许已经供水1个小时50分钟,但你并不知道,你脱光衣服擦上 香皂,突然热水没了,你只好光着身子干着急。餐厅实行8小时工作制,过时恕不 恭候。

This happened in the early 1980s. One can't blame the Americans for being picky. Compared to hotels abroad, our conditions were indeed far behind. What was the condition of the guesthouses at that time? Almost all guesthouse rooms didn't have a bathroom. On each floor, there were two large rows of guest rooms, with a shared toilet at the end of the hallway. The smell from the toilet filled the entire corridor. Most of the bathing areas were next to the toilet. When you undressed to take a bath, you could feel the unpleasant smell from the next door directly invading your body, leaving you with a feeling of an unremovable stench. Moreover, hot water was only available for two hours every day. You might go in to take a bath after hot water had already been supplied for 1 hour and 50 minutes, but you wouldn't know it. Once you had taken off your clothes and applied soap, the hot water might suddenly run out, leaving you naked and in a bind. The restaurant adhered to an 8-hour operation policy, and latecomers were not accommodated. 

条件略好的涉外宾馆,也存在许多问题。耗子夜袭旅客,外宾彻夜辗转。宾客 带的食品常被老鼠啃得乱七八糟,连照相机的皮背带也被咬断。有时半尺长的大 老鼠突然从空飞降,“啪”的一下正落在宾客的床上,于是有外宾称中国饭店为“老 鼠饭店”。

This happened in the early 1980s. One can't blame the Americans for being picky. Compared to hotels abroad, our conditions were indeed far behind. What was the condition of the guesthouses at that time? Almost all guesthouse rooms didn't have a bathroom. On each floor, there were two large rows of guest rooms, with a shared toilet at the end of the hallway. The smell from the toilet filled the entire corridor. Most of the bathing areas were next to the toilet. When you undressed to take a bath, you could feel the unpleasant smell from the next door directly invading your body, leaving you with a feeling of an unremovable stench. Moreover, hot water was only available for two hours every day. You might go in to take a bath after hot water had already been supplied for 1 hour and 50 minutes, but you wouldn't know it. Once you had taken off your clothes and applied soap, the hot water might suddenly run out, leaving you naked and in a bind. The restaurant adhered to an 8-hour operation policy, and latecomers were not accommodated. 

一位外宾就绘声绘色地讲述:“晚上我看见老鼠在我眼前跳舞。”他随身带着 老鼠咬过留有牙痕的巧克カ,拿出来作为介绍“老鼠饭店”的证据。

One guest vividly described: “At night, I saw rats dancing right in front of my eyes.” He carried with him a piece of chocolate that bore the teeth marks of a rat, which he presented as evidence of the “Rat Hotel”. 

靳羽西来了,这位海外名人也被老鼠闹得夜不安宁。住的房间没有天花板,老 鼠在房梁上东蹿西跳,灰尘洒落。一开灯,老鼠逃走,ー关灯又出来了。几只老鼠 还从她的床上爬过,吓得她一夜都不敢入睡。

When the famous overseas celebrity, Jin Yuxi, came, she too was disturbed by the rats at night. She lived in a room without a ceiling, mice scampered back and forth on the rafters, scattering dust. As soon as she turned on the light, the mice fled, but when the light was off, they returned. ome mice even crawled across her bed, frightening her to the point where she dared not sleep all night. 

武汉某饭店,浴室遍地是水,每个旅客都在为马桶漏水发愁。桂林旅馆水泥屋 顶竖着蓄水塔,只见水头不见水,所有客人又都为断水而抱怨。成都某涉外宾馆房 间壁橱里灰尘厚积,地毯又黑又硬,床单、被子、枕套都脏兮兮的,令人恶心。卫生 间墙上镜子破成两块,一条发黑的胶布刺眼地粘在上面,败陋状况令客人感觉好像 来到战后的城市。

In a certain hotel in Wuhan, the bathroom was flooded with water, every guest was worried about the leaking toilet. In Guilin, the motel had cement roofs with water tanks perched on top, water could be seen but not used, causing all guests to complain about the water outage. In a certain foreign-related hotel in Chengdu, the closet in the room was thick with dust, the carpet was black and hard, and the sheets, quilts, and pillowcases were all filthy, making one feel nauseated. The mirror in the bathroom was broken into two pieces, with a piece of blackened tape glaringly sticking to it, the decrepit condition made guests feel like they had arrived in a post-war city. 

ー个美国旅行团的领队柯娜・梅・邱夫人,致函中国国际旅行社,尖锐批评饭 店卫生不佳现象,其中写道:

Mrs. Kona Mei Qiu, the leader of an American tour group, wrote a sharp critique to the CITS criticizing the poor hygiene in the hotels. She wrote: 

“客房的蟬螂钻进我的行李包从北京运到兰州。在乌鲁木齐,蟬螂更严重,竟 爬到床上来。对此,我只能置之一笑。卫生间不起作用,马桶在漏水。不干净的设 施和爬虫之害,可以直接影响旅行者对中国的特殊好感。”

“Cockroaches from the guest room crawled into my suitcase and were transported from Beijing to Lanzhou. In Urumqi, the cockroach situation was even worse, they actually crawled onto the bed. To this, I can only laugh it off. The bathroom facilities are not working, particularly the toilet, which is leaking. Dirty facilities and pest problems can directly affect travelers' special fondness for China.” 

今夜不知何处宿,不只是在北京。

“I don't know where to stay tonight,” wasn't just a problem in Beijing. 

热点旅游城市,饭店都人满为患,床位紧缺。

In popular tourist cities, hotels were overcrowded, and there was a shortage of beds. 

在桂林,海外侨胞和港澳台同胞有的被安排在大礼堂的舞台上,男男女女都打 地铺。有一首打油诗流传很广:“桂林山水甲天下,我到桂林住地下……”

In Guilin, some overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan were arranged to sleep on the stage of the auditorium, with men and women alike sleeping on the floor. A popular ditty was widely circulated: “Guilin's landscape tops those elsewhere, here in Guilin, I sleep on the floor...”

在上海,当时虽有锦江、和平等7家上档次的饭店,但有时几千名外宾同一天 要在上海过夜,急得上海市旅游局茫然无措。安置不下的宾朋,常常临时拉到杭 州、苏州去过夜。忙得顾不上吃饭的导游姑娘,跳上跳下地解释着,经常急得泪汪 汪的。

In Shanghai, despite having high-end hotels like Jinjiang and Peace Hotel among seven others, there were times when thousands of foreign guests needed to spend the night in Shanghai on the same day, which often left the Shanghai Tourism Bureau at a loss. Guests who couldn't be accommodated were often hastily relocated to Hangzhou or Suzhou to spend the night. The tour guide girls, too busy to even eat, would hop up and down explaining the situation, often to the brink of tears. 

3.票!票!票!

Tickets! Tickets! Tickets!

1979年春,桂林机场。浓雾迷天。

Spring of 1979, Guilin Airport. The sky was filled with dense fog. 

一天,两天,桂林的雾,依旧那么浓。10多个航班延误了,宾客焦急的情绪,也 像雾一般在候机室内外弥漫,机场一片混乱。

One day, two days, the fog in Guilin remained as dense as ever. More than 10 flights were delayed, and the anxiety of the guests, like the fog, filled the waiting room and the airport was in chaos. 

外宾是有日程的,签证到期该回国了,回国机票也早买了,可是卡在桂林出不 来,怎么不焦急上火? 3天后,天空终于开雾了。几天滞留下来的旅客黑压压ー 片,机场乱哄哄的。每个团都想先走。协调、安慰,增调航班,喧闹数天的游客最后 总算都散了出去。

Foreign guests had schedules to keep, their visas were expiring and they needed to return to their home countries. They had bought their return tickets long ago, but they were stuck in Guilin and couldn't leave, how could they not be anxious and upset? Three days later, the sky finally cleared up. The travelers who had been stranded for several days were a mass of dark figures, the airport was in an uproar. Every group wanted to leave first. Through coordination, consolation, and adding additional flights, the noisy tourists who had been there for several days eventually all dispersed. 

中国民航从1979年4月1日起,在国内对外开放的城市中相继开辟了 8条新 航线,每周共安排了 545个航班。外宾最集中的北京、上海两地,班机由原来每周

的15班增加到24班。

Starting from April 1, 1979, the Civil Aviation Administration of China successively opened eight new routes in cities open to foreigners domestically, scheduling a total of 545 flights per week. The number of flights in Beijing and Shanghai, where most foreign guests were concentrated, increased from the original 15 flights per week to 24. 

桂林是最热门的景区,要求去桂林游览的外宾越来越多。民航广州管理局已 把从广州到桂林的航班,由原来每周!5班增加到24班。北京、上海、杭州、贵阳、 天津、重庆、成都、武汉、长沙等地,每周都有班机进出桂林。

Guilin was the most popular tourist area, and the number of foreign guests requesting to visit Guilin increased. The Civil Aviation Administration of Guangzhou had increased the number of flights from Guangzhou to Guilin from the original 15 flights per week to 24. Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Guiyang, Tianjin, Chongqing, Chengdu, Wuhan, Changsha, and other cities all had flights to and from Guilin every week. 

在当时情况下,民航已竭尽全力,但还是无法满足旅游班机需求。1978年底, 中国民航只有162条航线,飞机的日利用时间オ1.9个小时,民航的运输总周转量 世界排名第33位。飞机性能差,30年前乘坐过中国民航飞机的人,对当年那颠簸 的飞机和轰鸣的噪音记忆犹新。


Given the circumstances at the time, the Civil Aviation Administration had done its utmost, but it still could not meet the demand for tourist flights. By the end of 1978, China's Civil Aviation Administration only had 162 routes, the daily usage time of aircraft was 1.9 hours, and the total turnover of civil aviation ranked 33rd in the world. The aircraft's performance was poor, and those who had flown on China's civil aviation aircraft 30 years ago still had vivid memories of the bumpy aircraft and roaring noise.    票!票!票!机票、火车票,两票难求。外宾进得来,出不去,成为主要矛盾。 外国、侨胞旅行团因购不到机票而被打乱行程,滞留、改线现象经常发生。

Tickets! Tickets! Tickets! Both flight tickets and train tickets were hard to come by. Foreign guests could get in, but they couldn't get out, which became a major problem. Tour groups from foreign countries and overseas Chinese often had their schedules disrupted because they couldn't buy flight tickets, and incidents of delay or route changes happened frequently. 

有一次在桂林,ー个美国团班机延误,眼见签证即将到期却走不了,客人闹了 起来了,挥舞拳头抗议。全陪导游老黄想,打电话向国旅总部反映,时间都来不及 了。急中生智,他直接把电话打到分管旅游工作的陈慕华副总理办公室。陈慕华 连夜向空军司令张廷发求助,临时调军用飞机救急,オ平息ー场风波。

Once in Guilin, a flight delay for an American group led to a scene where the guests, seeing their visas about to expire but unable to leave, started to protest. The accompanying guide, Old Huang, thought to call the headquarters of the CITS, but there wasn't enough time. Thinking quickly, he directly called the office of Deputy Premier Chen Muhua, who was in charge of tourism work. Chen Muhua sought help from Air Force Commander Zhang Tingfa overnight and arranged for a military plane to be used in an emergency, which quelled the unrest.

当时缓解航班紧缺的办法,只有通过国务院、中央军委高层领导找空军司令张 廷发特批空军包机。紧张状况一直延续到1982年。空军部队1982年共派出1800 多架次飞机,协助旅游部门空运游客近6万人次。1985年,空军正式成立旅游包机 公司,飞机短缺的状况稍有缓解。

At that time, the only way to alleviate the shortage of flights was to seek special permission from Air Force Commander Zhang Tingfa through the State Council and the senior leadership of the Central Military Commission. he tense situation continued until 1982. In 1982, the Air Force dispatched more than 1,800 flights, assisting the tourism department in transporting nearly 60,000 tourists by air. In 1985, the Air Force formally established a charter company for tourism, which somewhat alleviated the shortage of aircraft. 

火车票同样紧缺,卧铺票更是难求。常常是ー个团只能分到几张卧铺票,而旅 游团中年龄偏大者居多,ー个团下飞机,多数是白发老人,被称为“银发族”。导游 陪同常为拿不出足够的卧铺票而内疚。

Train tickets were also in short supply, and sleeper tickets were even harder to find. Often, a group could only get a few sleeper tickets, and the majority of those in the tour groups were older, most of them were elderly with white hair, referred to as the “silver-haired tribe”. The accompanying guides often felt guilty for not being able to provide enough sleeper tickets. 

法国飞行78团凭票到火车站上车,车站告知走不了,要改乘凌晨2时的火车。 等到凌晨2时,铁路方面又通知说这班车次取消了,要9时オ有火车。旅客通宵未 眠,遇上这种情况,怎能不生气！

The French Flying 78 Group arrived at the train station with tickets only to be told by the station that they couldn't leave and had to take the train at 2 am. When it got to 2 am, the railway informed them that this train was cancelled and they had to wait until 9 am for the next train. The tourists had been up all night. Under such circumstances, how could they not get angry! 


有一次火车途经昔日丝绸之路走过的名城,有个法国旅游团上车。因没有软 卧,客人和陪同发生争执,团队中有80多岁的老太太。列车长也很为难。正在无 可奈何之际,甘肃省委一行人知道情况后,带队的领导对列车长说:“这样吧,我们 12人的软卧全部让给旅游外宾。”说着就招呼人从软卧车厢把东西拿了出来。

Once, a train was passing through a famous city on the old Silk Road, and a French tour group got on. Because there were no soft sleepers available, a dispute arose between the guests and the accompanying staff, with an elderly lady in her 80s in the group. The train conductor was also in a difficult position. Just when they were at a loss, the Gansu Provincial Party Committee members who were on the train learnt about the situation. The leader of the group said to the train conductor, “Let's do this, we will give all our 12 soft sleepers to the foreign guests.” Then, they called their people to take their belongings out of the soft sleeper carriage. 

法国客人进入软卧车厢后,迷惑不解地问:“他们怎么愿意把软卧让出来?”当 得知为他们让出卧铺的是省级领导,顿时感动不已。

When the French guests entered the soft sleeper carriage, they asked in confusion, “Why are they willing to give up their soft sleepers?” When they learned that the people who gave up their berths for them were provincial leaders, they were deeply moved. 

“在有限的条件下,解决宾客交通困难,我们尽心尽力。”王尔康给我们讲了个

导航轮的故事。

“We did our best to solve the guests’ transportation difficulties under limited conditions.” Wang Erkang told us a story about a navigation wheel. The story took place in the early 1980s. 

故事发生在20世纪80年代初。这天王尔康刚上班,总经理室的电话就响起 来了。空军机场告知,原定明晨6时起飞的一架图ー154包机导航轮要更换。图ー 154是苏联产的飞机,早已从苏联采购、用火车托运的ー批导航轮,却因东北嫩江 发大水,失去了联系,火车皮现不知道在哪儿。如果不更换导航轮,飞机就不能起 飞。王尔康一听急了,飞机延误就要打乱客人下ー站的旅行计划,这150多人的旅 游团,ー处乱就一路乱,怎么办?

This happened in the early 1980s. One day, as soon as Wang Erkang arrived at work, the phone in the general manager's office rang. The Air Force airport informed them that the navigation wheel of a Tu-154 charter plane, which was scheduled to take off at 6 am the next morning, needed to be replaced. The Tu-154 is a Soviet-made aircraft. A batch of navigation wheels had already been purchased from the Soviet Union and shipped by train, but due to severe flooding in the Nen River in Northeast China, they had lost contact, and they didn't know where the train carriage was now. If the navigation wheel wasn't replaced, the plane wouldn't be able to take off. Upon hearing this, Wang Erkang was alarmed. If the flight was delayed, it would disrupt the travel plans of the next stop for the guests. For this tour group of more than 150 people, if one place was chaotic, the chaos would follow them the whole way. What should he do? 


空军也在想办法。全国发电报寻找,终于在空军所属的乌鲁木齐机场找到ー 个备用导航轮,但是得有专人去拿。王尔康一看飞乌鲁木齐航班还赶得上,马上派 人出发赶飞机。如同一场争分夺秒的“战斗”,终于在当晚!2点前把导航轮送到空 军机场,机械师连夜装换。第二天黎明,一声轰鸣,飞机按时冲上蓝天。王尔康与 在场的国旅总社人员一直悬着的心,总算平静下来,脸上有了欣慰的微笑。

The Air Force was also trying to find a solution. They sent telegrams nationwide to find a spare navigation wheel and finally located one at their Urumqi Airport. However, they needed someone to pick it up. Seeing that there was still time to catch a flight to Urumqi, Wang Erkang immediately dispatched someone to rush to the airport. Like a race against time, the navigation wheel was finally delivered to the Air Force airport before midnight, and the mechanics worked overnight to replace it. At dawn the next day, with a loud roar, the plane took off on time. The hearts of Wang Erkang and the other staff from the China International Travel Service, which had been hanging in the balance, finally calmed down, and a relieved smile appeared on their faces. 

1978年到20世纪80年代初,中国民航、铁路都极其薄弱,交通与住宿,同时成 为发展旅游的主要瓶颈,外宾对此啧有烦言。抗议呀,叫喊呀,但由于条件限制,都 难以较快改善。当这些外宾回国后,形成的舆论却相当可怕,给中国的国际声誉造 成的不良影响,还不容易改变。

From 1978 to the early 1980s, both air and rail transportation in China were extremely weak, and transportation and accommodation became major bottlenecks for the development of tourism. Foreign visitors often complained about these issues. Despite protests and complaints, rapid improvements were difficult to achieve due to various constraints. After these foreign visitors returned to their home countries, the public opinion formed was rather negative, creating an unfavorable impact on China's international reputation, which was not easy to change. 

20世纪80年代初,连续5批130多个美国客人在中国住不好,吃不好,特别是 又因机票受困走不了,问题从民间反映到官方。不久,美国官方公开发布消息,说 美国人到中国出不来,没地方住,对中国之旅亮出红灯。随即美国旅客骤减。美国 旅行商说:“等到你们条件改善,我们再来。”

In the early 1980s, over 130 American visitors in five consecutive groups had unpleasant experiences in China, facing poor accommodations and food. Particularly troubling was the difficulty they experienced in obtaining flight tickets, which led to their being stranded. These issues escalated from the public domain to official levels. Soon after, the U.S. government publicly announced that Americans were having difficulty leaving China, and that there were inadequate accommodations. This warning signaled a red light for trips to China, leading to a significant decrease in American tourists. merican travel agencies said, "We will return when your conditions have improved." 

中国旅游业,是在种种尴尬的情况下起步。

The tourism industry in China started amid various awkward circumstances. 

4. 意想不到的尴尬

4. Unexpected Embarrassments

“民以食为天。”中国美食天下扬,正宗的有鲁菜、徽菜、浙菜、苏菜、闽菜、粤 菜、川菜、湘菜等八大菜系,还有满、蒙、回、朝鲜等民族的特色口味,如烧、烤、涮。 高档的有燕窝、鱼翅;中档的有甲鱼、螃蟹;北京烤鸭,杭州宋嫂鱼,四川太白鸭…… 任君享用,更不消说还有天南海北形形色色的风味小吃。说到吃,在中国总没问题 了吧?

“People regard food as their primary need.” Chinese cuisine is famous worldwide. The authentic Chinese cuisine includes eight major culinary traditions: Shandong, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong, Sichuan, and Hunan, as well as the special tastes of ethnic groups such as the Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, and Korean, which include techniques like roasting, grilling, and hotpot. There are high-end delicacies like bird's nest and shark fin; mid-range options like turtle and crab; Beijing roast duck, Hangzhou Song Sao Fish, Sichuan Taibai duck... The choice is yours. Not to mention, there are a variety of local snacks from all over the country. When it comes to eating, there should be no problem in China, right? 

“你们想错了。”程文栋先生说,“当时在餐桌上出现过不少尴尬。”程文栋曾任 国家旅游局副局长,担任过中国驻意大利大使,获过意大利“大十字骑士勋章”。 他身材高大,声音洪亮而浑厚。他向我们讲述当年陪美国内务部次长一行人游桂 林的事。

“You're mistaken,” said Mr. Cheng Wendong. “There were quite a few embarrassing incidents at the dining table.” Cheng Wendong served as the Deputy Director of the National Tourism Administration, was China's ambassador to Italy, and was awarded the “Knight Grand Cross” by Italy. With a tall stature and a deep, resonant voice, he shared with us his experience of accompanying a delegation led by the US Deputy Secretary of the Interior on a tour of Guilin. 

美国客人到餐厅坐下,提出要喝啤酒。

When the American guests sat down at the restaurant, they asked for beer. 

“对不起,没有了。”

“Sorry, we're out of beer.” 

“那就来点冰激凌。”

“Well, bring some ice cream then.” 

冰激凌是什么?服务员还是第一次听说,去问餐厅经理。经理脸红了,知道是 知道,但餐厅目前还不会做。最后,客人说:“那就来杯冰水吧!”

What is ice cream? It was the first time the waiter had heard of it, so he asked the restaurant manager. The manager blushed, he knew what ice cream was, but the restaurant was not currently equipped to make it. In the end, the guests said, “Well, bring a glass of ice water then!” 

经理派人出去跑,打电话到处联系,就是找不到冰水。

The manager dispatched someone to go out and make phone calls to various contacts, but they simply couldn't find any ice water. 

美国宾客耸耸肩,疑惑地瞪大眼睛问程先生:“冰水也没有?”

The American guests shrugged and widened their eyes in confusion, asking Mr. Cheng: “You don't have ice water either?” 

程文栋说起话来中气十足,说到这里,仰面哈哈大笑起来:“你看现在,要什么 饮料没有?那时候连啤酒都没有呀!青岛啤酒,年初就拿钱去预定的,按计划供 应。需求上报了,但只批下极少量。”

Cheng Wendong spoke with great vigour, and when he got to this part, he threw his head back and laughed heartily: “Just look at the present times, is there any drink that we don't have? Back then, even beer was scarce! For Tsingtao Beer, we had to place an advance payment at the beginning of the year and it was supplied as per plan. The demand was reported, but only a very small quantity was approved.” 

1979年,14个省市54个涉外饭店有个统计,每年短缺啤酒2778吨,而且多数 啤酒质量很差,外国旅游者对喝不到啤酒很有意见。美国人晚餐想喝鸡尾酒,更让 我们的餐厅经理傻了眼。那时只有少数涉外宾馆オ有调配鸡尾酒的人才。

In 1979, a statistic from 54 foreign-related hotels in 14 provinces and cities revealed a shortage of 2778 tons of beer annually. Moreover, the quality of most beers was very poor, which displeased foreign tourists who couldn't get their hands on any. If American guests wanted to drink a cocktail for dinner, it would leave our restaurant managers completely flabbergasted. At that time, only a few foreign-related hotels had staff who could mix cocktails. 

还有香槟酒问题。香槟酒是礼仪用酒,国外宴会大开香槟酒助兴,以显示宴会 的隆重。可是,我们的餐厅香槟酒也奇缺,喝都不够,更别说是弄得“香槟喷溅宾朋 乐”。

There was also the issue of champagne. Champagne is a ceremonial drink. At foreign banquets, it's customary to open champagne for toasting, signifying the grandeur of the event. However, our restaurants were severely short of champagne. There was barely enough for consumption, let alone to create a “champagne-spraying, guest-delighting” scene. 

除了物资紧俏,由于对外国饮食忌讳不了解,也闹出ー些不愉快的事。比如泰 国游客忌吃牛肉,事先已通过陪同向餐厅打了招呼。数分钟后,服务员忙中出错, 偏偏把ー盘牛肉端上桌。

Besides the scarcity of supplies, some unpleasant incidents arose due to a lack of understanding of foreign food taboos. For example, Thai tourists avoid eating beef, and this had been communicated in advance to the restaurant through accompanying staff. A few minutes later, a server made a mistake during a busy period and mistakenly served a plate of beef. 

“哎,我们不是说了吗,不吃牛肉。”ー桌人都火了,因为这被视为对客人信仰 的侮辱！

“Hey, didn't we say that we don't eat beef?” Everyone at the table was angry, as this was viewed as an insult to the guests' beliefs! 

港澳游客忌讳“炒觥鱼”,因为在他们那里炒觥鱼”是失业的代名词。但餐 厅服务员对炒觥鱼这道菜叫惯了,上菜就大声唱道:“炒觥鱼了 ！”

Tourists from Hong Kong and Macao have a taboo against “fried goby”, because in their culture, “fried goby” is synonymous with unemployment. But restaurant servers were accustomed to calling out this dish loudly: “Fried goby!” 

海员忌讳“翻”。某餐厅服务员帮忙,把下半边未吃的鱼翻了个身,谁知外国 海员无法容忍,把筷子ー摔离席而去。

Seamen have a taboo against “flipping”. A restaurant server wanted to help and flipped a half-eaten fish, but a foreign sailor couldn't tolerate it and slammed his chopsticks down, leaving the table. 

在饮食习惯上,国内外存在很大差异。外宾喜欢分餐制,中国餐厅总是老规 矩,10人ー桌,合而食之,有时不足10人还不上菜,客人面面相觑,饥腹以待。

There were significant differences in dietary habits between domestic and foreign guests. Foreign guests prefer separate dining, but Chinese restaurants usually adhere to the old rule of serving 10 people per table, serving food when the table is full. Sometimes if there are less than 10 people, they don't serve food at all, leaving the guests to glance at each other and wait with hunger. 

大多数外宾早上爱吃西餐,而许多餐厅还做不了西餐。早餐通常是稀饭、冷 菜、点心,西方宾客很不适应。

Most foreign guests prefer Western breakfast, but many restaurants couldn't make Western food at that time. Breakfast was usually porridge, cold dishes, and dim sum, which Western guests found hard to adjust to. 

还有一个让外国游客不满的是餐厅定时开饭,过时不候。早上得早起赶吃饭, 晚上又没有专供客人喝酒聊天的酒吧间。

Another dissatisfaction among foreign tourists was the restaurant's set meal times. If you missed the time, you would not be served. They had to get up early in the morning to catch breakfast and there was no bar available in the evening for guests to have a drink and chat. 

中国有“食在广州”ー说,天上飞的,地上爬的,水里游的,经过煎炒烹炸、蒸煮 炖煨,无不成了席上的佳肴。然而,那些精心烹饪的名菜端上来,外国游客问,这是 什么?当得知这是某些飞禽走兽时,他们不吃了。餐厅说,你点的,我们做了,你怎 么能不要?客人说,你写的不是这个东西。人家说得没错,我们写的“龙凤呈祥”， 外国游客能知道那是什么?矛盾的焦点则是:有些“洋客人”反对屠杀动物。

In China, there's a saying “Food is in Guangzhou”, which means everything that flies in the sky, crawls on the ground, and swims in the water can be transformed into delicious dishes on the table through various cooking methods like frying, boiling, steaming, and braising. However, when those meticulously prepared dishes were served, foreign tourists would ask, “What is this?” Upon learning that it was some kind of animal, they would refuse to eat. The restaurant would respond, “You ordered it, we made it, how can you reject it?” The guests would reply, “What you wrote is not this.” They’re right. If we wrote “dragon and phoenix bring auspiciousness,” how could foreign tourists know what it is? The focus of the conflict was that some "foreign guests" opposed the killing of animals. 

许多餐厅还没有菜单,更没有英文菜单。每次吃中餐,外宾好奇地询问各种菜 名。我们的传统菜名写在小竹签上,高高ー排悬于墙,外国宾客不知那是什么。菜 单可以充分展示一个餐厅的优势和特色,可惜那时我们还不知道利用。

Many restaurants didn't even have menus, let alone English menus. Each time they had Chinese meals, foreign guests would curiously inquire about the names of various dishes. Every time they had Chinese meals, foreign guests would curiously ask about the names of various dishes. Our traditional dish names were written on small bamboo sticks and hung high on the wall, leaving foreign guests in confusion about what they were. Menus can fully showcase the advantages and features of a restaurant, but unfortunately, we didn't know how to utilize that at the time. 

有些问题ー经外宾指出,改起来并不难。很快,印有中英文的精美菜单出现在 各宾馆的餐桌上;也有了夜间小吃部,备有各种名酒、饮料、点心、冷菜、热菜。就餐 时间不再限定。街头相继出现酒吧间,并迅速增加。

Some of the issues were easy to address once foreign guests pointed them out. Soon, beautifully printed menus with both Chinese and English started appearing on the dining tables in various hotels; there were also night snack sections that provided a variety of famous wines, beverages, pastries, cold dishes, and hot dishes. Meal times were no longer restricted. Bars started to appear on the streets and rapidly increased in number. 

在旅游点进餐,更大的问题是卫生差。某些餐馆苍蝇就像轰炸机ー样向饭菜 袭来,外宾见了头皮发麻。有些餐馆厨房与餐厅只隔ー矮墙,客人可以看到师傅打 赤膊在大锅台上烫面条,食欲大减。

The bigger problem with dining at tourist spots was poor hygiene. In some restaurants, flies swooped down on the food like bombers, making foreign guests shudder. Some restaurants had a low wall separating the kitchen from the dining area, and guests could see the chefs shirtless, blanching noodles on the large stoves, which greatly reduced their appetite. 

别小看“吃”,一日三餐谁能少?没有好的餐饮企业,就没有好的旅游环境。 ー个城市餐饮市场的成熟程度,反映了它的旅游接待カ和综合实カ。

Don't underestimate the importance of eating. Who can skip a meal three times a day? Without good catering enterprises, there won't be a good tourism environment. The maturity of a city's catering market reflects its tourism reception capability and overall strength. 

为了让旅游外宾吃饱吃好,我们的餐厅师傅费尽了心思。常言道:“众口难 调。”何况这“众口”来自不同国家和地区。甚至同一个团队,由于年龄、体质、职 业、宗教信仰等不同,对饮食也有不同的要求,要细心地做到“看客做菜” 〇

In order to ensure foreign tourists are well-fed, our restaurant chefs put in a lot of effort. As the saying goes, “It's hard to please all tastes,” especially when these "tastes" come from different countries and regions. Even within the same group, due to differences in age, physique, occupation, and religious beliefs, there are different requirements for food, requiring careful attention to “tailor the dishes to the guest.” 

师傅们很快了解到西欧人口味清淡,东欧人口味比较浓厚;非洲人以咸辣味为 主,爱吃咖哩;法国客人吃点心,喜咸不喜甜;美国人饭前要喝饮料,日本人喜欢海 鲜鱼虾;而尼泊尔等ー些内陆国家对海味和水产品都不太适应;朝鲜人则喜欢蒜味 辣味,对花椒八角等香料不喜欢;川菜,酸、甜、苦、辣、麻,五味俱全,外宾就消受不 了,得改进。连炒个鸡蛋也讲究,有的要荤烧,有的要素做。这鸡蛋本来就是荤的, 怎么个素做?荤的又分煎炒,素的还讲老嫩。

Chefs quickly understood that Western Europeans prefer light flavors, Eastern Europeans prefer stronger flavors; Africans prefer salty and spicy food, and love curry; French guests prefer savory pastries, not sweet; Americans like to drink beverages before meals, Japanese love seafood; while people from inland countries like Nepal are not quite adapted to seafood and aquatic products; Koreans love garlic and spicy flavors, and do not like spices like Sichuan pepper and star anise; Sichuan cuisine, with its sour, sweet, bitter, spicy, and numbing flavors, is too overwhelming for foreign guests, so adjustments need to be made. Even the frying of an egg requires particular attention, some require meat, some need to be made vegetarian. Eggs are inherently non-vegetarian, so how can they be made vegetarian? And for non-vegetarian ones, there are differences in frying, and for vegetarian ones, the tenderness is important. 

北京饭店等许多涉外饭店让宾客吃得最为满意。餐厅中西餐齐备、品种俱全, 任君自选。中餐花样繁多,别具风格。山珍海味经高级名厨的妙手高技,做出色香 味绝佳令人见而增欲的美味佳肴。包括茅台酒在内的多种饮料,任凭客人吃喝。 咖啡、冰糕等冷饮都能及时送到。上菜、送酒、端饭,讲究礼貌,有条不紊。外宾们 认为,在这里用餐是ー种美的享受。交口称赞:“中国菜是世界第一流的。”

Many hotels catering to foreign guests, such as the Beijing Hotel, have made their guests very satisfied. heir restaurants offer a wide range of Chinese and Western dishes, with a variety of options for guests to choose from. Chinese cuisine is diverse and unique in style. Mountain and sea delicacies, prepared by skilled chefs, create flavorful dishes that increase people's appetite upon seeing them. A variety of beverages, including Maotai liquor, are available for guests to enjoy. Coffee, ice cream and other cold drinks can be delivered promptly. Serving dishes, pouring wine, and serving meals are all done with manners and order. Foreign guests believe that dining here is a beautiful enjoyment. They unanimously praise, “Chinese food is world-class.”

但是,那时没有太多的地方能像北京饭店那样。

However, at that time, not too many places could match the standard of the Beijing Hotel. 

5.情动中南海

Emotion Moves Zhongnanhai

那时的中国旅行游览事业管理局,频于应付各种难题,像救火的消防队。北京 和各地持续的住宿难的呼声,惊动了中南海。党中央、国务院领导清楚地认识到: 住宿问题已严重制约、影响了旅游业的发展,乃至经济发展,得下决心解决住房“卡 脖子”状况。临时建房来不及,原有的内部宾馆则是可利用的资源。1979年,国务 院一声令下,决定将北京和全国各地的内部高级饭店对外开放,划归旅游局实行企 业化经营,挣外汇。

The China Administration for Travel and Tourism at that time, was constantly dealing with various difficulties, much like a firefighting team. The continuous calls regarding accommodation difficulties in Beijing and other regions alarmed Zhongnanhai. The leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the State Council clearly realized that the accommodation issue had severely constrained and affected the development of the tourism industry, and even economic development, and it was determined to resolve the “bottleneck” condition of housing. There was no time to build temporary houses, and the existing internal guest houses were available resources. In 1979, the State Council issued a command to decide to open up high-level hotels for internal use in Beijing and all over the country to foreign visitors. These hotels were transferred to the management of the tourism bureau to operate as enterprises and earn foreign exchange. 

于是,中共中央、国务院、总参内部使用的北戴河疗养区别墅院舍、钓鱼台国宾 馆其中两幢楼,率先对外开放,接待自费旅游者。

Consequently, the Beidaihe Sanatorium villas and two buildings of the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse, which were used internally by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council, and the General Staff Department, were the first to be opened to the public, accommodating self-funded tourists. 

北戴河疗养区一开放,日、美、英、法、瑞士、加拿大等国的外宾ー批批来到了北 戴河,喜笑颜开地游山海关,在海滨沐浴阳光,划船游泳〇

When the Beidaihe Sanatorium was opened, visitors from Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, Canada, and other countries came to Beidaihe in batches. They were overjoyed to tour Shanhaiguan, bask in the sunshine on the beach, and go boating and swimming. 

北京钓鱼台宾馆是名闻中外的国宾馆。800多年前,金王朝迁都燕京后,金章 宗皇帝常到大水池边钓鱼,流传下“钓鱼台”的名称。清朝,这里是皇帝行宫。中 华人民共和国成立后,这里接待过许多元首级外宾。住房在湖水岸旁绿树丛中,环 境幽静,高贵典雅。卧室宽敞、整洁,电冰箱、电视机等现代化的实用设备,ー应俱 全。!979年8月1日,国宾馆首批接待了菲律宾首航旅行团,包括菲使馆人员共 70人。接着又连续接待了日本、美国的旅游客人。宾馆还向每位入住客人赠送绣 有“钓鱼台迎宾馆”字样的桌布、檀香扇。外宾为能入住原来只有国家元首下榻的 国宾馆而感到兴奋和荣耀。

The Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing is a state guesthouse known both domestically and abroad. More than 800 years ago, after the Jin Dynasty moved the capital to Yanjing, Emperor Zhangzong of Jin often went fishing by the large pool, which gave the name “Diaoyutai”. During the Qing Dynasty, this place was an imperial palace. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it has received many foreign guests at the head-of-state level. The guest rooms are nestled among green trees by the lakeside, providing a quiet and elegant environment. The bedrooms are spacious and clean, equipped with modern practical equipment such as refrigerators and televisions, and are fully equipped. On August 1, 1979, the State Guesthouse received its first group of guests from the inaugural Philippine tour group, including 70 people from the Philippine Embassy. Subsequently, it continuously received tourists from Japan and the United States. The guesthouse also presented each guest with a tablecloth embroidered with the words “Diaoyutai State Guesthouse” and a sandalwood fan. Foreign guests were excited and honored to be able to stay in the state guesthouse where only national leaders had stayed before. 

国务院开放国家“禁苑”,各省市争相仿效。

Following the State Council's decision to open up the national “forbidden gardens”, provinces and cities across the country began to follow suit. 

行动最快的是山东,把当地最好的济南南郊宾馆、济南饭店拨出。随后河北、 四川、云南、天津、黑龙江、吉林等1〇多个省市都将本地“禁苑”开放,拨给旅游部门 管理使用,自己要开会时就住一般饭店和招待所。

Shandong was the fastest to act, allocating the best local hotels, Jinan South Suburb Guesthouse and Jinan Hotel. Subsequently, over 10 provinces and cities including Hebei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tianjin, Heilongjiang, and Jilin opened up their local “forbidden gardens”, allocating them to the tourism department for management and use. When they needed to hold meetings, they would stay in ordinary hotels and guesthouses. 

广东把白云宾馆和南湖宾馆拨给省旅游局管理使用,湖南省委将当地的“国宾 馆”蓉园改为蓉园宾馆,接待旅游者。

Guangdong allocated Baiyun Guesthouse and Nanhu Guesthouse to the Provincial Tourism Bureau for management and use. The Hunan Provincial Committee turned the local "State Guesthouse", Rongyuan, into Rongyuan Guesthouse to accommodate tourists. 

浙江省委规定,省委开会一律不准占用接待外宾的饭店和宾馆。同时,让省机 关事务管理局所属的新新和大华两个饭店,按照先外后内的原则安排用房。

The Zhejiang Provincial Committee stipulated that meetings of the Provincial Committee should not occupy hotels and guesthouses that cater to foreign guests. At the same time, it allowed the Xin Xin and Dahua hotels, which belong to the Provincial Bureau of Government Offices Administration, to arrange rooms according to the principle of prioritizing foreign guests first, then local guests. 

广西南宁的西园饭店,人称“南宁国宾馆”;湖南蓉园宾馆,重庆市渝州宾馆, 都是当地接待来华访问高级官员和中央首长的高级饭店,这些内部宾馆如无接待 任务,都是常年空锁着。开放后,为国家挣到大笔外汇,结束了年年向财政部门要 补贴的历史。


The Xiyuan Hotel in Nanning, Guangxi, also known as Nanning State Guesthouse; the Rongyuan Guesthouse in Hunan; and the Yuzhou Guesthouse in Chongqing city were all high-end hotels used locally to receive senior officials visiting China and central leaders. These internal guesthouses were usually left vacant and locked when they weren't being used for hosting tasks. Once these locations opened to the public, they earned a significant amount of foreign exchange for the country, ending the history of needing annual subsidies from the finance department. 

上海先后开放兴国宾馆、西郊宾馆和锦江中楼。

Shanghai subsequently opened Xingguo Guesthouse, West Suburb Guesthouse, and Jinjiang Middle Building to the public. 

兴国宾馆又名丁香花园,相传是清末李鸿章宠妾丁香居住的地方。园内有三

幢别墅式的建筑,内有苏州式的庭园,小桥流水,曲径幽回,假山亭榭,错落有致 西郊宾馆是上海最大的内部宾馆,“十里洋场”少有的幽静处所。

Xingguo Guesthouse, also known as Lilac Garden, is rumored to have been the residence of Li Hongzhang's favorite consort, Dingxiang, during the late Qing dynasty. Within the garden, there are three villa-style buildings, a Suzhou-style courtyard, small bridges over flowing water, winding paths, and well-arranged rockeries and pavilions. The West Suburb Guesthouse was the largest internal guesthouse in Shanghai, a rare quiet place in the ten-mile foreign concessions. 

高级套房, 豪华的客厅和新颖别致的酒吧、茶座,此外还有百亩诱人水面,可供住客划船、 垂钓。

These advanced guest rooms, luxurious living rooms and unique bars and tea houses, in addition to a hundred acres of attractive water surface for guests to boat and fish, have greatly added to the appeal. 

锦江中楼原来是接待国家元首用的专用楼,使用率极低;遇有重要国宾,则不 光是中楼,连整个饭店都要提前控制床位,其他外宾不接或少接;任务过后,中楼还 要休整两天搞卫生,清规戒律很多,没有接待任务只准空着,亏损由国家财政补贴。

The Jinjiang Central Building was originally a dedicated building for hosting national leaders, and its usage rate was extremely low. When important foreign guests arrived, not only the Central Building, but the entire hotel had to control the number of beds in advance, accepting fewer or no other foreign guests. After the task was completed, the Central Building would still need to be cleaned for two days. There were many rules and regulations, and it was only allowed to be vacant when there was no reception task. The losses were subsidized by the state finance. 

各地高级宾馆原有的规章,在1979年被彻底打破了。

In 1979, the original regulations of high-end hotels across the country were completely broken. 

这些举措给旅游业发展吹来ー缕春风,从一定程度上缓解了外宾食宿困难的 矛盾。更为国家挣得许多外汇,可谓ー举多得。

These measures brought a breath of spring to the development of the tourism industry and alleviated the difficulties of foreign guests in eating and accommodation to a certain extent. Earning more foreign exchange for the country, it can be said that the move was beneficial in multiple ways. 

开放“禁苑”挣外汇,表明中国旅游开始从“外事接待型”向“积累外汇型”转 轨,表明了中国高层领导支持搞旅游的决心。

Opening up the “forbidden gardens” to earn foreign exchange indicated that Chinese tourism began to transition from a “foreign affairs reception type” to a “foreign exchange accumulation type”, which demonstrated the determination of China's top leaders to support tourism. 

除了开放全国各地“禁苑”外,国家旅游总局号召旅游部门紧急行动起来,改 造原有招待所,解决住宿“卡脖子”问题。

In addition to opening up “forbidden gardens” across the country, the CNTA called on the tourism departments to take urgent action to transform the existing guest houses and solve the problem of accommodation bottlenecks. 

当时提出的口号是:时间就是外汇,速度就是金钱。早一天改建成,为国家早 一天收入外汇。

The slogan put forward at that time was: time is foreign exchange, speed is money. The earlier the transformation is completed, the earlier the country earns foreign exchange. 

北京及全国各地都开始把老式的招待所住房,改造成带卫生间的套房。安装 锅炉,整理床位,添置设备,疏通道路,组建车队,新建餐厅、礼堂、俱乐部……任务 非常紧迫。

Beijing and other places across the country began to transform old guest houses into suites with bathrooms. Installing boilers, arranging beds, adding equipment, clearing roads, forming car fleets, building new restaurants, auditoriums, clubs... The task was very urgent. 

上海提出“修好一间,布置ー间,安排ー间”的口号,大挖住房潜力。在短期内 改造、扩建旅游标准床位3000多个。

Shanghai proposed the slogan, "repair one room, decorate one room, and use one room," greatly tapping into the housing potential. More than 3000 tourist standard beds were remodeled and expanded in a short time. 

杭州马不停蹄,改造扩建2000多间标准接待用房。

Hangzhou worked non-stop, remodeling and expanding more than 2000 standard reception rooms.

有的地方“临时抱佛脚”,像救火ー样抢时间。江苏有4个团百余客人将到达, 住宿安排不下。如果临时打退堂鼓,既损坏信誉,又影响外汇收入。怎么办?省委 听了汇报后指示:“接,决不能退!”马上组织人员装修双门楼宾馆三、四层。

Some places were seeking Buddha's help at the last moment, scrambling for time like firefighters. There were four groups of over a hundred guests arriving in Jiangsu, and the accommodation couldn't accommodate them all. If they backed down at the last minute, it would damage their reputation and affect foreign exchange income. So what to do? After hearing the report, the provincial committee instructed: “Accept, we cannot retreat!” Personnel were immediately organized to renovate the third and fourth floors of the Shuangmenlou Guesthouse. 

这时,离接团的时间只有一周。楼体虽已建起,但还是个水泥框架,室内工程 尚未动エ。那时人干起活来有股子冲劲,不分昼夜,不讲报酬。南京一建公司多エ 种工人同时作业,安灯通水、油漆门窗、粘贴墙纸、为地板打蜡。无锡家具厂赶制的 弹簧床、沙发,水运太慢,市城建部门抽出20多辆大卡车连夜送达。苏州提供灯 具,镇江赶制拖鞋,扬州运来大浴巾,女工连夜缝被子。没服务员怎么办?调江苏 旅游学校30名即将毕业的学员,提前上岗实习。

At that time, there was only one week left until the arrival of the groups. Although the building structure had been erected, it was still a concrete frame, and the interior work had not yet begun. But back then, when people worked, they had a spirit of urgency, working day and night without discussing remuneration. Numerous workers from a construction company in Nanjing worked simultaneously, installing lights and water, painting doors and windows, pasting wallpaper, and waxing floors. Spring beds and sofas rushed from a furniture factory in Wuxi were too slow to be transported by water, so the city's urban construction department dispatched over 20 large trucks to deliver them overnight. Suzhou provided lights, Zhenjiang rushed to make slippers, Yangzhou transported large bath towels, and female workers sewed quilts overnight. What to do without waitstaff? Thirty soon-to-graduate students from Jiangsu Tourism School were called up for early on-the-job training. 

一周后,港沪119团等4个团如期到达,外宾们高兴地住进新楼。他们不知 大记录

—中国改革开放四十年报告文学选

道,为此许多人连日忙得顾不上吃饭,一周就瘦了一圈,有的工人累得晕倒在施工 现场。


A week later, four groups including the Hong Kong-Shanghai 119 group arrived as scheduled, and the foreign guests happily moved into the new building. The guests were unaware that many people had been working non-stop for this, skipping meals and losing weight within a week, with some workers even fainting at the construction site due to exhaustion. 

重庆是刚开放的城市,接待条件底子差。市委下决心拨出200余万元重新装 修宾馆。加班加点,为每个房间装电话机,铺地毯,安装空调,装淋浴设备。每栋楼 添置了制冰机和电冰箱,还在宾馆内设立了邮政、电信、兑换外币的服务点和小卖 部等。

Chongqing, a newly opened city, initially had poor hospitality conditions. Determined to make a change, the city committee decided to allocate more than 20 million yuan to refurbish the hotels. Working tirelessly, each room was equipped with a telephone, carpet, air conditioning, and shower facilities. Each building was enhanced with ice makers and refrigerators. Additionally, service points for postal services, telecommunications, foreign currency exchange, and convenience stores were established within the hotel. 

还有个办法,像打仗ー样争分夺秒投入“抢房间”战斗。

Another tactic was to wage a “room-grabbing” war, in a battle against time as if in a real combat situation. 

什么叫“抢房间”？

What is “room-grabbing”? 

比如上海锦江饭店,有一批南斯拉夫100多位外宾早上6时刚离店,紧接着澳 大利亚“珊瑚公主号”游船外宾!00多人上午8时要入住,前后只有2小时空隙。 10多个服务员争分夺秒,打扫房间,重新换上被套、枕套、毛巾、浴巾,在客人到来 前已把一切都整理得井井有条。这办法,后来就叫“提高住房周转率”。

This term refers to the intense competition to secure hotel rooms, particularly during peak travel periods or when hosting special events. Due to high demand and limited supply, acquiring hotel rooms can become quite a competitive endeavor, hence the term “room-grabbing”. This strategy later became known as “improving room turnover rate”. 

这样的紧张战斗,实际上不只是“抢出了房间”,多赚了外汇。我们从前许多 跟国际通用的经营管理方式不接轨的观念,在这些从省级领导到普通服务员合力 的“战斗”中,被扫除了,更新了。旅游业,其实是最早努力跟国际接轨的行业。

This intense struggle was not just about “grabbing rooms” and earning more foreign exchange. Many of our previous notions that were not aligned with internationally accepted management methods were swept away and updated during this “battle” involving everyone from provincial leaders to ordinary service staff. The tourism industry, in fact, was one of the earliest sectors striving to align with international standards. 

二、开放初年的阳光

Chapter 2. The Dawn of Early Years of Opening Up 

20世纪的国际旅游业,在二次大战后开始重建。西班牙宣称:“向世界出售太 阳和海滩。”新西兰的旅游业已成为本国最大的产业之一……这是ー个从旅游业开 始恢复国际交往,进而重新结构各国实カ的时代。中国旅游业严重落后,但我们毕 竟有了新的开始。虽然刚走出“文革”,改革开放初年,那时的人心和品德,仍有多 少纯朴动人的美景,值得抚今追昔。记忆告诉我们,那时“硬件”很差,但爱国之 情、纯朴善良之心等蕴蓄民间的“软实カ”却可以感动天地。

The international tourism industry of the 20th century began to rebuild after the Second World War. Spain proclaimed: “Selling the sun and beaches to the world.” The tourism industry in New Zealand has become one of the country's largest industries... This was an era when international interactions began to recover through tourism, and subsequently, the real structures of various countries were restructured. China's tourism industry was seriously lagging, but we had a new beginning after all. Although we had just come out of the Cultural Revolution and were in the early years of the reform and opening up, there were still some simple and moving scenes in people's hearts and morals that are worth remembering. Memory tells us that while the “hardware” was poor at that time, the “soft power” hidden among the people, such as patriotic sentiments and simple goodness, could move heaven and earth.

1.梦醒时分

1. The Moment of Awakening

在改革开放前的30年,中国人并非不努力。中国人自力更生、勒紧腰带苦干 了 30年。但我们认识上出了偏差,我们对经济的认识严重不够,对旅游的认识就 更加不到位,我们也还不懂得如何有效利用世界上的种种资源。

During the thirty years before the era of reform and opening up, the people of China were not without effort. They had striven to be self-reliant and had endured hardship and hard work for those three decades. However, we had some misconceptions in our understanding; we had a severe lack of understanding of the economy and an even more inadequate grasp of tourism. We also didn't know how to effectively use the various resources in the world. 

世界旅游组织于!975年正式成立,总部设在西班牙的马德里,到1979年已有 101个成员国。同年,联合国报告说,旅游业现在是比钢铁与军备更大的企业。

The World Tourism Organization was officially established in 1975 with its headquarters in Madrid, Spain. By 1979, it had 101 member countries. In the same year, a United Nations report stated that tourism is now a bigger industry than steel and armaments. 

改革开放之前的30年,我国旅游业几近于零,仅是为了扩大政治影响,搞些外 交礼节性的接待,仅象征性收费。说白了,是贴钱的买卖。“文革”结束后,中国旅 游业迈出了历史性的步伐。

In the 30 years before the reforms and opening up, China's tourism industry was virtually non-existent. During this time, we primarily expanded our political influence through ceremonial diplomatic receptions, and the fees collected were largely symbolic. To put it bluntly, it was a loss-making business. Following the end of the Cultural Revolution, China's tourism industry took a significant step forward. 

外国旅游者第一次来中国,一下飞机,接触的第一个中国人就是导游。导游的 ー举ー动、一言一行代表着中国人的形象。

As foreign tourists first set foot in China, the initial local they encounter is often a tour guide. Every action and word of these guides is representative of the image of Chinese people. 

一位意大利的旅游者对导游说:“马可・波罗向我们介绍了古代的中国,你带 领我们游了当代中国。”

One Italian tourist remarked to a guide, “Marco Polo introduced us to ancient China, and now you're leading us through modern China.” 

导游被称作“民间大使”,当个好导游是个不简单的事。有人羡慕导游,但不 知导游艰辛,以为导游整天坐飞机、游天下,吃风味,工作就是游玩,优哉,游哉。有 人看不起导游,“不就是个带路拎包的吗?”把导游看作是“伺候洋人”的差使。

Tour guides are often referred to as ambassadors of the people, and being a good one is no simple task. While some may envy the life of a tour guide, imagining it as a constant whirl of travel, flavorful meals, and enjoyment, they are often unaware of the challenges and hard work that go into this profession. Some people underestimate tour guides, considering them merely as helpers who show the way and carry luggage, and view their role as simply serving foreigners. 

导游有自己的自豪,最牛的语言当推这句:“在外宾面前,我是中国。在内宾面 前,我是首都。”

However, tour guides have their own pride. As one guide famously declared, “In front of foreign guests, I represent China. In front of domestic guests, I represent the capital.” 

王连义先生是河北人,大学毕业后一直在国旅从事导游、翻译工作,说话风趣 幽默,是历届旅游大赛的裁判长。现在虽退休了,还在为培养旅游人オ奔忙,写了 不少导游方面的文章,是中国著名导游翻译专家。他说,导游是ー项崇高的职业, 导游的好坏,关系到祖国的声誉和尊严。

Mr. Wang Lianyi, a native of Hebei, has been involved in guiding and interpreting work at the CITS since graduating from university. He is known for his witty and humorous speech and has been the chief judge of various tourism competitions. Even though he has retired now, he is still busy contributing to the training of travel industry professionals and has written many articles on guiding. He is recognized as a leading expert in tour guide translation and interpreting in China. He said, being a tour guide is a noble profession. The quality of a tour guide reflects the reputation and dignity of our homeland. 

王连义还说,那时导游奇缺,特别是懂外语的导游更缺。在机场刚送走ー个 团,不用回来,下一个团马上就飞到了。名单早已在怀里装着,得掏出来熟悉熟悉。 一年365日,多是车马船上行。未婚的导游没机会与恋人见面,已婚的导游常常要 听爱人的怨声。十天半月不着家,这家还像家吗?中年导游,上有父母下有小,更 有一本难念的经。

Wang Lianyi also mentioned that at that time, there was a severe shortage of tour guides, especially those who were fluent in foreign languages. After sending off one group at the airport, there was no need to return, as the next group would immediately fly in. The list of names was already in hand, ready to be reviewed. Out of 365 days in a year, most were spent traveling by car, boat, or on foot. Unmarried guides had no opportunity to meet with their lovers, while married ones often had to listen to complaints from their spouses. Being away from home for days or even weeks, did home still feel like home? For middle-aged guides with elderly parents and young children, life was particularly challenging. 

国旅总社有位日语女翻译,一年有200多天都在跑,年幼的孩子送“全托”,见 到小孩时,孩子认不出妈。还有一对双职エ,常年在外带团,丈夫回家妻离家,妻子 回家夫出发。两人只好靠纸条传递思念之情。有的导游一年中登了 300次长城, 跑细了腰,磨破了嘴,倒地而宿。但能让来华的旅游者带着好印象依依回归,一年 到头累是累,却也是充实的。

There was a female Japanese translator at the CITS who spent more than 200 days on the road each year. Her young child was placed in full-time care, and when she came home, her child could not recognize her. There was also a couple both working as tour guides, constantly leading groups away from home. When the husband returned home, the wife left, and vice versa. The two could only express their longing for each other through notes. Some tour guides would climb the Great Wall 300 times a year, wearing thin their waists and wearing out their voices, falling asleep right on the spot. Yet they were able to leave a good impression on tourists visiting China, and despite the year-round exhaustion, they also felt a sense of fulfillment. 

李维瑜大姐是中国旅游协会副秘书长,还是国家旅游局タ阳红舞蹈团的团长。 30年前,李瑞环动员她转入旅游行业工作,从此改变了她的后半生。多年从事旅 游宣传工作的她,十分健谈,她讲了这样ー个故事:

Li Weiyu is the deputy secretary-general of the CNTA, as well as the leader of the "Yangyang Red" dance troupe of the National Tourism Administration. Thirty years ago, Li Ruihuan encouraged her to switch to the tourism industry, which changed the rest of her life. Having worked in tourism promotion for many years, she is very talkative and shared this story: 

有个美国老太太步履蹒跚,拎着两个大包,特别大。那时候,美国人认为中国 物资贫乏,什么都带,大包装有衣物、成打的一次性袜子,巧克力、饼干等各种零食, 各种药品,包括卫生纸,应有尽有。这个老太太的女儿也在这个团里,美国人的儿 女是不大帮助父母提行李的,或许美国的老年人也喜欢自立。导游小张主动帮助 老太太拎包,一路对她也特别关照,扶上扶下。


There was an elderly American lady who was shuffling along, carrying two large bags, which were exceptionally big. At that time, Americans believed that China was lacking in resources, so they brought everything: the large bags were packed with clothes, bulk disposable socks, chocolates, cookies and all sorts of snacks, various medicines, and even toilet paper – you name it. The old lady's daughter was also in this tour group. In America, children don't often help their parents with luggage, perhaps because older Americans like to be independent. Tour guide Zhang took the initiative to help the old lady with her bags, providing her with special care along the way.


1〇多天后,分别的时候到了。在首都机场安检处,这位80多岁的美国老太太, 动了真情,紧紧握住导游姑娘的手说:“你能不能够跟我去美国?我收你为女儿。 我有好多个儿女,他们从来不管我。我有!0多处房产,可以送ー处给你。”

Ten or so days later, the time came for them to part. At the security checkpoint at the capital airport, this 80-year-old American lady, moved to tears, tightly held the hand of the tour guide and asked, "Could you come with me to America? I would take you in as my daughter.” “I have many children, but they never take care of me. I have over ten properties, I can give you one.” the old lady proposed. 

姑娘回答说:“我们国家的旅游业现在需要我,我的父母也需要我照顾。”最后 她俯在老人耳边说,“将来,有机会我会去美国看您,您多保重!”

The young lady replied, “Our country's tourism industry needs me now, and my parents need me to take care of them.” In the end, she leaned over to the old lady's ear and said, “In the future, if I get the chance, I will come to America to see you. Please take care of yourself!” 

青旅接的100多人的华侨团,一路上住也住不好,吃也吃不好,汽车又颠簸,华 侨很不满意。两个女导游急得不知怎么办オ好。忽然,她俩站起来说:“对不起大 家,我们给你们唱支歌吧!”

There was a group of over 100 overseas Chinese being catered to by the China Youth Travel Service. They were not satisfied with the accommodations, the food, or the bumpy car ride. The two female tour guides were so worried that they didn't know what to do. Suddenly, they both stood up and said, “We're sorry, everyone. Let us sing a song for you.” 

她俩ー起唱起了《我爱你中国》,ー边唱着歌,ー边流眼泪。华侨们被深深地 感动了。最后导游说:“请你们喜欢我们唱的这支歌,我们的条件一定会好起来,欢 迎你们再来。”全团人员热烈鼓掌,有人也掉下了泪水。

They began to sing “I Love You, China” together, and as they sang, they were moved to tears. The overseas Chinese were deeply moved. In the end, the tour guides said, “Please love the song we sang. Our conditions will surely improve, and we welcome you to come again.” Everyone in the group applauded enthusiastically, and some were moved to tears. 

有一次,北京飞西安的飞机发生故障,机身晃动,飞机上乘客是个美国团,机舱 顿时出现骚动。两位导游是从北京第二外国语学院借来的大三女学生小李和小 燕,她们很镇静,在高空中微笑着应对突发事件。

Once, a flight from Beijing to Xi'an had a malfunction and the aircraft shook. The passengers on board were an American group, and there was immediate unrest in the cabin. Two guides, Li and Yan, who were third-year students borrowed from Beijing Foreign Studies University, remained calm and responded to the sudden event with a smile in the sky. 

小李大声说:“有亲人的请举手「’

Li loudly asked, “Anyone who has loved ones, please raise your hand.” 

一下子,大家举起了手臂。

Immediately, everyone raised their hands. 

小李和小燕也举起了手。

Li and Yan also raised theirs. 

小李举着手说:“我也有父母,还有一个小女儿。我不希望父母失去孩子,也不 希望孩子失去父母。请你们相信,中国的航空是最安全的,中华人民共和国成立以 来还没有掉过飞机呢!”

Li, with her hand raised, said, “I too have parents and a little daughter. I don't want my parents to lose a child, nor do I want a child to lose her parents. Please believe that China's aviation is the safest, and since the establishment of the People's Republic of China, no plane has ever crashed!” 

经她这么ー说,大家的情绪安定下来。事后,人家问她们为什么那么镇定,两 人都不慌神,配合挺好。她们也说不出为什么,但她们经历了有生以来最勇敢的 时刻。

With her words, everyone’s emotions were settled down. Afterwards, when asked why they were so calm, both of them were not flustered and coordinated well. They couldn't explain why, but they had experienced the bravest moment of their lives.

这时,空姐出来告诉大家,飞机将降落在太原整修。在太原等待的时间,为调 节情绪,导游小燕开口说:“我给你们说说我插队的故事吧!”她开始讲述怎样去北 大荒,怎么学会干农活,怎么学会开拖拉机,怎么又考上了“二外” 〇

At this moment, the flight attendant came out and told everyone that the plane would land in Taiyuan for repair. While waiting in Taiyuan, to lighten the mood, the tour guide Xiao Yan began to speak: “Let me tell you about my story of joining a production team in the countryside!” She started to recount her journey to the Northern Wilderness, how she learned to do farm work, how she learned to drive a tractor, and how she eventually got accepted to the Second Foreign Languages Institute. 

“有什么不理解,你们可以提问。”


“If there's anything you don't understand, feel free to ask.” 

客人很感兴趣,气氛立刻活跃起来。有人问起了“文革”这个敏感话题。“文

革,,与，，改革”,一字之差,有着天壤之别。

The guests were very interested and the atmosphere immediately livened up. Someone brought up the sensitive topic of the Cultural Revolution. “Cultural Revolution” and “Reform” - a slight change in terminology, but the meanings are worlds apart.

两位插过队的导游,对“文革”灾难有自 己的理解,并没被难住,做了理智的答复。


The two tour guides who had experienced life in the countryside during the Cultural Revolution had their own understanding of this disaster and weren't flustered, they provided rational responses.  有一老者感动地站起来说:“我们原来不敢问这些事,怕伤害你们。相信你们 的国家,一定会一年年好起来〇”两小时后,飞机重新起飞。

An older gentleman stood up, moved, and said: “We were afraid to ask about these things before, for fear of hurting you. I believe your country will get better year after year.” Two hours later, the plane took off again. 

“我现在连她们叫什么名字都记不起了。”坐在我们对面的李维瑜大姐,回忆 起这段往事时,感情充沛,眼角眨出泪花。

“I can't even remember their names now.” said Mrs. Li Weiyu, who was sitting opposite us, her eyes moist as she recalled this past event. 

2.穷得有志气

2. Poor But Spirited

英国有个旅行商曾经带队到过100多个国家,深有感触地说:“只有在中国,不 用付小费,也不必担心自己的行李。”

An English tour operator who had led groups to more than 100 countries once remarked thoughtfully: “Only in China do you not have to tip, nor worry about your luggage.” 

TIP（小费）是英语To Insure Promptness（为了保证迅速）的缩写词。在国外,凡 想得到快捷、舒适的服务,就得额外付给小费。这渐渐成为国外旅游业中的惯例。 国外服务员都渴望得到小费,而且小费收入往往超过エ资。

TIP, an abbreviation for “To Insure Promptness”, is customary in many cultures. In foreign countries, to ensure prompt and comfortable service, one often needs to provide additional tips. This has gradually become a norm in the global tourism industry. Foreign service staff always desire tips, and their tip income often exceeds their wages. 

中国人不收小费,在当代是同“爱国主义、民族气节、外事纪律”糅合在ー起 的。在旅游行业形成的共识是:为宾客服务是应该的,不能收受额外的小费,也不 应接受旅客馈赠的礼物。刚开始,外宾对中国导游、翻译,包括行李员、清洁エ在内 的饭店服务员一律不收小费,很不理解。

Chinese people not accepting tips is a contemporary practice that is intertwined with “patriotism, national pride, and diplomatic discipline”. A consensus has formed in the tourism industry: serving guests is expected, and one should not accept additional tips or gifts from guests. At first, foreign guests did not understand why Chinese guides, interpreters, including luggage carriers, cleaners, and other hotel staff uniformly refused to accept tips. 

小刘是北京小天鹅酒家年轻的厕所保洁员,每当外宾塞给她小费时,她总是婉 言谢绝。有位瘫痪的外国老太太,小刘小心地搀扶着老人上完厕所,帮老人穿好衣 服,又把老人推回餐厅。老太太要给她小费,她坚决不要。老太太要回国时,不顾 陪同的劝说,偏要专程到酒家卫生间再去看望一下“那个善良的姑娘”。

Liu, a young restroom cleaner at Beijing's Little Swan Hotel, always politely declines when foreign guests offer her tips. Once, she carefully helped an elderly foreign woman who was paralyzed to use the restroom, assisted her in dressing, and then wheeled her back to the dining room. The elderly woman wanted to give her a tip, but she firmly refused. When the old woman was about to return home, despite the persuasion of her companions, she insisted on making a special trip to the restroom at the restaurant to visit the “kind girl” again. 

1979年6月的一天,国旅翻译小王全程陪同比利时华兹旅行团游长城、十三 陵,十分劳累,正准备休息,一外宾请他到团长房间里去一下。小王心想还有什么 事没办好,匆匆跑去。ー进团长房间,发现已有6位外宾坐在床边等他。团长拿出 ー个大信封说:

“我们这次来中国旅行太愉快了。你对我们非常友好,十几天来一直陪我们参 观,很辛苦。为了我们,你离开了你的妻子和孩子,我们很感动。这是大家拼凑的 两千元钱,表示我们的一点心意。”

One day in June 1979, Wang, an interpreter from CITS, accompanied the Belgian Huaz Travel Group to visit the Great Wall and the Thirteen Tombs. He was very tired and was about to rest when a foreign guest asked him to come to the group leader's room. Wang wondered what else needed to be done and hurried over. Upon entering the group leader's room, he found that there were already six foreign tourists sitting by the bed waiting for him. The group leader took out a large envelope and said, “We've had a wonderful time traveling in China. You've been very kind to us. You've been accompanying us on our visits for the past few days and it must have been very hard. Because of us, you left your wife and child behind, and we are deeply touched. This is 2000 yuan collected by everyone, just a token of our gratitude.”

小王慌了,连忙摇头摆手谢绝:“钱我不能收,绝对不能收。你们的心意我领 了。”他的回答使外宾们既惊讶又不安。

Wang was flustered and immediately shook his head and hands in refusal, saying, “I can't accept the money, absolutely not. I appreciate your kind intentions.” His response surprised and unsettled the foreign tourists. His response surprised and unsettled the foreign tourists. 

国旅沈阳分社翻译小张陪ー个美国旅行团,该团领队几次要给她小费,小张都 笑着谢绝了。在该团出境时,领队竟发了“火”,丢下装有美元的信封上了飞机。 小张无奈,只好先收下,按规定上交给社里。

Zhang, an interpreter from the Shenyang Branch of the China National Tourist Office, was accompanying an American tour group. The tour leader tried to tip her several times, but Xiao Zhang always refused with a smile. When the group was leaving the country, the leader, seemingly frustrated, dropped an envelope filled with US dollars and boarded the plane. Zhang, left with no choice, had to accept it and turn it over to the agency as per the rules. 

老干部们都说,当时导游都不收小费的,就是收ー支笔也上交。这是导游的天职。

The senior cadre all said that at that time, tour guides did not accept tips, even a pen received as a gift would be turned in. This was the innate duty of a tour guide. 

“选择了导游这个职业,就等于选择了奉献。我们是中国人,要表现出有国格, 有人格。”那时,这话很普遍。

 “Choosing the profession of a tour guide is akin to choosing dedication. We are Chinese and must display national character and personal integrity,” they said. At that time, this sentiment was widespread. 

还有太多拾金不昧的故事。

There were also too many stories about honest actions. 

香港同胞张送和夫妇到八达岭游长城,忙于拍照,过后发觉自己携带的黑色小 皮包丢失了,里面有护照和全部随带钱物。午餐时,桌上气氛沉闷,同伴都在为他 俩发愁。忽然,门帘拉起一角,八达岭交通警察彬彬有礼地探头询问:“你们这里有 叫张送和的客人吗?”

Hong Kong compatriots Mr. and Mrs. Zhang Songhe went to visit the Great Wall at Badaling and, busy taking photos, they realized they had lost their small black bag containing their passports and all their cash. The atmosphere at the lunch table was gloomy, as everyone was worried for them. Suddenly, a corner of the door curtain was pulled up, and a courteous Badaling traffic policeman asked, “Is there a guest named Zhang Songhe here?” 

张先生惊愣地站了起来:“我就是。”

Mr. Zhang stood up in shock, saying, “That's me.”

“您的皮包被解放军同志捡到了,请您清点一下吧!”

“Your bag was found by a comrade from the People's Liberation Army. Please check it!” 

一句话顿时打破了室内沉闷许久的气氛,全队客人不约而同地站起来鼓掌,热 烈地鼓掌。皮包内有万元港币、支票和有关证件,无ー缺少。张先生热泪夺眶,激 动地紧紧握住交通警察的手说:“奇迹,奇迹,简直不可想象啊,太感谢解放军了 !”

This sentence immediately broke the long-standing gloomy atmosphere in the room. All the guests stood up and applauded enthusiastically. The bag contained more than ten thousand Hong Kong dollars, checks, and related documents, with nothing missing. Tears filled Mr. Zhang's eyes as he excitedly clasped the traffic policeman's hand and said, “It's a miracle, a miracle. It's unimaginable, thank you so much to the People's Liberation Army!” 

对外友协参观团一位外宾,不知怎么把夫人结婚时赠予他的金手表丢了。他 说这块金表的价值并不重要,重要的是他爱情的信物。正躺在床上郁闷时,帮助寻 找的陪同翻译回来了,笑眯眯地向他伸出右手。天哪,他的“思念之物”居然在导 游掌心上闪闪发光。外宾高兴得像孩子般从床上跳起来〇

In a visiting group organized by the Foreign Friendship Association, one of the guests somehow lost the gold watch his wife gave him when they got married. He said the value of the watch was not important; what was important was that it symbolized their love. As he was lying in bed feeling down, the accompanying interpreter who had helped him search for the watch returned, smiling broadly as he extended his right hand. My goodness, his item of affection was actually sparkling in the palm of the guide. The foreign visitor was so happy that he jumped up from the bed like a child. 

“在哪里找到的?”他问。

“Where did you find it?” He asked. 

“是两位重庆工人在大街上捡到的。”

“It was found by two workers from Chongqing on the street.” 

“大街上?”

“On the street?” 

“对呀!他们捡到,看这东西不像是当地人的,就马上送到这住外宾的宾馆里 来了。”

“Yes! When they found it, they thought it didn't look like it belonged to a local person, so they immediately brought it to this hotel where foreign visitors stay.” 

“上帝啊,中国人不可思议!”

“My God, Chinese people are unbelievable!” 

法国全球旅行团卢尔丹勒夫妇走出王府井书店。

The Lueldanle couple from the French Global Tour Group walked out of the Wangfujing Bookstore. 

闹市中,卢尔丹勒夫人忽然惊叫皮包不见了。只见有个中年人穿越人群快步 朝他们跑来,手上挥动着她熟悉的法式小包。来人气喘吁吁地说:“刚オ,你们在我 身边买磁带走后,我发现这个包,是你们的吗?”

In the bustling city, Mrs. Lueldanle suddenly screamed that her bag was missing. They saw a middle-aged man crossing through the crowd, running towards them quickly while waving her familiar French-style small bag. The man, panting heavily, said, “Just now, after you walked past me while buying cassettes, I found this bag. Is it yours?” 


卢尔丹勒夫人连声说:“是,是。谢谢,谢谢!”

Mrs. Lueldanle kept saying, “Yes, it is. Thank you, thank you!” 

陪同的翻译请他留下姓名和工作单位,他微微一笑:“我是北京小学老师。”说 罢,颇有礼貌地用手势告别。

The accompanying interpreter asked him to leave his name and workplace, he smiled slightly and said, “I am a primary school teacher in Beijing.” After saying this, he politely bid farewell with a gesture. 

卢尔丹勒先生说,西方这种事情已经很少见了,而偷窃在西方国家猖獗,使旅 游者生畏。“中国人的美德,同你们的万里长城一样,太棒了!”

Mr. Lueldanle said that such incidents are now rare in the West, and theft is rampant in Western countries, making travelers apprehensive. “The virtues of the Chinese people, like your Great Wall, are just amazing!” 

停泊在大连港的日中九州友好之船,晚上9点要起航出境。傍晚,一位老年团 员神情紧张地对陪同老赵说:“我有40万日币忘在宾馆房间的床下面了,怎么好?”

The Japan-China Kyushu Friendship Ship was moored at Dalian Port and was to set sail for departure at 9 o'clock in the evening. In the evening, an elderly group member nervously told the accompanying Old Zhao, “I left 400,000 yen under the bed in the hotel room, what should I do?” 

老赵很自信地说:“别焦急,只要您没有记错,就一定能找回来。”老赵当即把 此事转告辽宁大厦保安部,大厦保安立刻到客人所住的305房间床底下寻来找去, 没找到。最后是在枕头套里找到了一叠日元,清点后不是40万,而是57万日元。 国旅沈阳分社马上派专车将钱送上船,这时离开船还有一个多小时。

Old Zhao confidently said, “Don't panic, as long as you haven't remembered it wrong, you will definitely be able to find it.” Old Zhao immediately reported the matter to the security department of Liaoning Mansion. The mansion security immediately went to the guest's room 305 and searched under the bed, but they couldn't find it. In the end, they found a stack of yen in the pillowcase. After counting, it was not 400,000, but 570,000 yen. The Shenyang branch of China Travel Service immediately sent a special car to deliver the money to the ship. There was still more than an hour before the ship left. 

失款复得的日本老人含泪鞠躬:“真是听说千遍,不如ー见。中国人的道德是 世界上最高尚的。”他抽出一大叠日币,酬谢前去送钱的翻译。

The Japanese elder who had lost and then recovered his money bowed tearfully, “It's better to see once than hear a thousand times. The morals of the Chinese people are the most noble in the world.” He pulled out a large stack of yen to thank the interpretor who had delivered the money. 

“这是我们的职责,您拿钱感谢是不合适的。”翻译说。

“It's our duty, and it's not appropriate for you to thank us with money,” said the interpretor.

“对不起,对不起!请原谅,我失礼了。”日本客人再次鞠躬,热泪滴在甲板上。

“I'm sorry, I'm sorry! Please forgive me, I was impolite.” The Japanese guest bowed again, his hot tears dropping onto the deck. 

说起来宾客们也太粗心了。虽然陪同人员经常提醒客人妥善保管好随身物 件,叮嘱客人不要将贵重物品和钱币随便乱放,但旅游途中遗忘钱物时有发生。有 的把瑞士表留在洗手间,有的把珠宝掉在沙发缝中,有的把钱包丢在柜台,有的把 装巨款的手提箱忘在餐厅……

Speaking of which, the guests were really careless. Even though the accompanying staff frequently remind guests to take good care of their personal belongings and not to leave valuable items and money around carelessly, there are still cases of lost money and items during travel. Some left Swiss watches in the bathroom, some dropped jewelry in the sofa crevices, some left wallets on the counter, some forgot suitcases with huge amounts of money in the restaurant... 

北京饭店、民族饭店、友谊宾馆、和平宾馆等涉外宾馆,1979年来就有1500多 起拾金不昧的事。多的ー个皮包就有数万美金,除了现金、旅行支票外,还有照相 机、摄像机、录音机、手提箱、手表、金银珠宝等等。

Since 1979, more than 1500 instances of finding and returning lost items have occurred at foreign-related hotels such as the Beijing Hotel, Minzu Hotel, Friendship Guesthouse, and Peace Hotel. In addition to cash and traveler's checks, there were cameras, video cameras, tape recorders, suitcases, watches, gold and silver jewelry, and so on. 

许多失主情真意切地拿出金钱财物表示感谢,但没有一人肯接受。一位饭店 服务员,面对外宾3000元酬谢,淡淡地说了句“弯腰之劳不用谢”,继续埋头擦 餐桌。

Many owners who had lost their belongings were sincere in offering money or valuables as a token of thanks, but no one accepted. One hotel waiter, faced with a 3,000 yuan reward from a foreign guest, simply said, “No need for thanks, it’s just a small favor,” and continued to wipe the tables. 

那时,我们刚刚走出“文革”的岁月,大家都不富裕,但穷得有志气。这种“贫 贱不移”,令外宾敬佩不已。

At that time, we had just emerged from the years of the Cultural Revolution. Everyone was not well-off, but their poverty was filled with dignity. This unyielding spirit in the face of poverty deeply impressed foreign visitors. 

这些拾金不昧者都是些普通百姓,有领班、出租车司机、空姐、清洁エ、餐厅服 务员,还有工人、农民、售货员。改革开放初期的人心人情中,有那么多的阳光。外 国人听说中国有个雷锋,赞扬说“中国遍地雷锋”,这并不过分。尽管“文革”也给 西方人留下复杂的记忆,但改革开放初期,许许多多的外国旅游者,就从遍布中国 各地普普通通的拾金不昧者中,认识到真实的中国人,他们用不同的语言说出ー个 共同的声音:“中国人,了不起!”

These individuals who found and returned lost property were ordinary citizens: leaders, taxi drivers, flight attendants, cleaning staff, restaurant servers, as well as workers, farmers, and sales clerks. In the early days of reform and opening up, there was so much warmth and goodwill in people's hearts. The foreigners heard that China had a person named Lei Feng, and they praised saying “China is full of Lei Fengs”, which wasn't an overstatement. Despite the Cultural Revolution leaving complex memories for Westerners, in the early days of the reform and opening up, countless foreign tourists recognized the real Chinese people from the ordinary people who were honest in all parts of China. They used different languages to voice a common sentiment: “Chinese people are incredible!”

3.世界需要热心肠


The World Needs Warmth and Kindness.


这里所述的故事,有些是救人性命的大事,更多还是生活中鸡毛蒜皮的小事,

The stories described here include some significant incidents of saving lives, and more often, they're about minor things in life. 

无论大小,都在讲述:世界需要热心肠。

No matter how big or small, they all tell the same story: the world needs warmth and kindness. 

70岁高龄的美国史密斯先生在攀登到长城第四座烽火台时,突然软瘫晕倒在 地,脸色苍白,头冒冷汗。正在长城上执勤的某部警卫连指导员带领几名战士,把 史密斯先生背到长城脚下休息室,又请八达岭特区医务室大夫赶来抢救。经诊断, 是高血压病突发,幸亏及时抢救,使史密斯先生病情缓和,转危为安,事后未收分文 诊费。史密斯先生感动地说:“在美国,一点小病求医都是要付出昂贵医药费的,中 国不可思议。”

Seventy-year-old Mr. Smith from the United States suddenly collapsed while climbing to the fourth beacon tower of the Great Wall. His face was pale and his forehead was covered in cold sweat. The instructor of a security company on duty on the Great Wall, along with several soldiers, carried Mr. Smith down to a rest room at the base of the Great Wall, and called a doctor from the Badaling Special Zone Medical Center for help. Upon diagnosis, it was found that Mr. Smith had a sudden onset of high blood pressure. Fortunately, the timely rescue eased Mr. Smith's condition, turning danger into safety, and no medical fees were charged afterwards. Moved, Mr. Smith said, "In the United States, even minor illnesses require paying expensive medical fees. China is incredible.” 

有一年冬天,在西安旅游的日本游客高田先生,晚餐多喝了点酒,带着几分醉 意,ー个人抱着刚买的“三彩马”走到宾馆湖边时不慎一脚踩空,连人带物跌入宾 馆内的湖中。立刻有三个宾馆工作人员跳了下去,费了好大劲,オ把冻得发抖的高 田先生救上来。当知道他买的“三彩马”还在湖中时,正在看电影的渔エ老雷赶来 打捞。老雷在冰冷的湖水中,东摸西找,好一会オ找到。


One winter, Mr. Takada, a Japanese tourist traveling in Xi'an, had a bit too much to drink at dinner. Somewhat tipsy, he was carrying the "Tri-colored Horse" he had just purchased. As he walked alone to the lake beside the hotel, he carelessly stepped into thin air, falling into the hotel's lake, man and object together. Immediately, three hotel staff members jumped in. After much effort, they managed to rescue Mr. Takada, who was shivering from the cold. When they learned that the Tri-colored Horse he bought was still in the lake, Old Lei, a fisherman who was watching a movie, rushed over to help retrieve it. In the icy lake water, he fumbled around until he finally found it after a while. 


“救人还救马”的故事传开后,团长杉木宽先生带领全团人员对全馆工作人员 表示衷心感谢。高田先生激动地拉着救命恩人的手说:“中国伟大,中国人民 伟大。”

After the story of "saving both man and horse" spread, Mr. Sugimoku Hiroshi, the tour leader, led the entire group in expressing their heartfelt gratitude to the hotel staff. Mr. Takada, moved, held the hands of his rescuers and said, “China is great, the Chinese people are great.” 

希腊专家维内察努是个幽默的老太太,乘“伏波号”游船游漓江。午后天气骤 然转寒,阵阵呼啸的江风掠过,维内察努上衣单薄,下身穿条绸裙子,全身冻得直打 哆嗦。她躲进船舱,在胸前画着十字,闭着眼睛喃喃祈祷:“上帝呀,给你儿女ー盆 火吧!”

Greek expert Vinenitsanou is a humorous old lady, who took a cruise on the “Fubo” to tour the Li River. In the afternoon, the weather suddenly turned cold, and gusts of howling river winds swept through. Vinenitsanou, in a thin upper garment and a silk skirt, was shivering all over from the cold. She hid in the cabin, making the sign of the cross in front of her chest, closing her eyes, and praying softly, “God, grant your daughter a basin of fire!” 

没想到她的祈祷还真灵验,过一会儿,ー盆暖融融的炭火变魔术般地出现在她 的面前。老人高兴得蹦起来,飞身旋转跳起希腊舞。原来是航运公司干部老周见 她冻得不行,生了这盆火。

Unexpectedly, her prayer really worked, and after a while, a warm basin of charcoal fire magically appeared in front of her. The old lady was so happy that she sprang up and danced the Greek dance. It turned out that Old Zhou, an official from the shipping company, saw her freezing and started the fire. 

日本CITC26-217团的翻译小吴下午在昆明西山游览时,突然发现该团成员 安田正士先生走丢了,他是位73岁高龄的老人。小吴焦急地向国旅昆明分社 报告。

In the afternoon, while touring Xishan in Kunming, Wu, the interpretor for the Japanese CITC26-217 group, suddenly realized that Mr. Yasuda Masashi, a member of the group, had gotten lost. He is a 73-year-old man. Wu anxiously reported to the Kunming branch of the CITS. 

客人失踪这事非同小可。大家奔赴现场寻找,几个小时都没找到。正急得要 向公安局报案时,出人意料,安田先生比寻找他的人先回到了昆明饭店。原来是ー 位采草药的青年山农护送他回到饭店。分手时,安田先生把钱包里所有的钱倒出 来,要送给他。青年人坚决推辞,连垫付的船、车、电话费也不收。

The disappearance of a guest was no small matter. Everyone rushed to the scene to search, but they didn't find him after several hours. Just as they were about to report the matter to the police, unexpectedly, Mr. Yasuda returned to the Kunming Hotel before those who were looking for him. It turned out that a young mountain farmer who was gathering herbs had escorted him back to the hotel. At parting, Mr. Yasuda emptied all the money from his wallet and wanted to give it to him. The young man firmly declined, even refusing to accept reimbursement for the boat, car, and phone expenses.

年轻人说:“你迷路了,人生地不熟,送你回来是应该的,不要感谢我,每个中国 人都会这么做的。”

The young man said, “You were lost, in a place where you don't know anyone. It's only right that I bring you back. Don't thank me, every Chinese person would do the same.” 

安田先生感到遗憾的是,他忘了问这个青年的姓名〇

What Mr. Yasuda regretted was that he forgot to ask the young man's name. 

西欧旅游团正在无锡第一缥丝厂参观,兴致正浓时,大家发现ー个上了年纪叫 瑞特的外宾不知上哪了。ー找,原来瑞特先生因为手术留下的后遗症,不方便蹲 坑,大便拉在裤子里,困在厕所出不来了。陪同的是个大姑娘,急得团团转。

The Western European tour group was visiting the No.1 Silk Factory in Wuxi. Just as they were enjoying their visit, they noticed that an elderly guest named Reiter had disappeared. Upon searching, they found out that Mr. Reiter, due to the sequelae from a surgery, had trouble squatting and had defecated in his pants, leaving him trapped in the restroom. The accompanying guide, a young woman, was in a state of distress. 

ー个工人师傅说了句:“交给我吧。”

A worker stepped forward and said, “Leave it to me.” 

这位工人师傅带他去洗澡,又给他找来裤子换上,叫车送他回饭店休息。瑞特 先生感激地说:“在无锡,我不仅游览了江南水乡美丽的风光,还领受了中国人的美 好心灵。”

This worker helped him to take a shower, found him a pair of pants to change into, and then called a car to send him back to the hotel to rest. Mr. Reiter gratefully said, “In Wuxi, not only have I enjoyed the beautiful scenery of the southern water towns, but I have also experienced the beautiful soul of the Chinese people.” 

4.百闻不如ー见

4. Seeing is Believing


北京全聚德宴会厅,青旅正宴请回国观光的香港同胞,酒过三巡,席间气氛达 到高潮。

In the banquet hall of Quanjude in Beijing, the CYTS was hosting a banquet for visiting compatriots from Hong Kong. After a few rounds of drinks, the atmosphere at the banquet reached a climax. 

ー个20多岁的年轻人,悄悄地把当时主管接待的董衡拉到ー边,说:“你猜我 是哪来的?”

A young man in his twenties quietly pulled Dong Heng, who was in charge of the reception at the time, aside and said, “Guess where I'm from?” 

董衡说:“你不是从香港来的?”

Dong Heng said, “Aren't you from Hong Kong?” 


他神秘一笑:“不,我是从台湾来的。”

He gave a mysterious smile and said, “No, I'm from Taiwan.” 

董衡当时是团中央青年旅行部部长,听了一愣,但马上反应过来:“那更要欢迎 了!来了,有什么感受?”

At that time, Dong Heng was the Minister of the Youth Travel Department of the Central Committee. He was taken aback when he heard this but quickly responded, “That's even more welcome! How do you feel now that you're here?” 

“我在台湾听说共产党都是青面獐牙的,很凶,六亲不认的。老百姓生活很苦, 现在我亲眼看到的,和以前听到的,完全是两回事。”

“I heard in Taiwan that all Communists have fierce faces and show no mercy, even to their own family. The common people live very hard lives. Now that I've seen it with my own eyes, it's completely different from what I heard before.” 

数十年的封闭,造成世界不了解中国,中国也不了解世界。

Decades of isolation have resulted in the world not understanding China, and China not understanding the world. 

1976年1月,邓小平的头像首次出现在美国《时代》周刊的封面上。封面左下 角注明“周恩来的继承人:邓小平”,右上角的醒目标题则是:“中国:朋友还是敌 人?”这种说法明白地在告诉世界:对于红色中国,他们还摸不透。

In January 1976, Deng Xiaoping's portrait appeared for the first time on the cover of “Time” magazine in the United States. The lower-left corner of the cover read “Zhou Enlai's successor: Deng Xiaoping,” while the eye-catching title in the upper-right corner asked, "China: Friend or Foe?" This clearly indicated to the world that they still didn't have a firm grasp of the situation in Red China. 

很久了,西方人对中国一直有一种“神秘感”,对中国的认识还停留在几十年 前甚至百年前的清末,不少国家的不少人,以为中国人穿着长袍马褂,瓜皮帽的后 边还拖着一条长长的发辫。我们对外界也不了解。1972年“乒乓外交”之后,我们 ォ改变“美帝纸老虎”的说法。

For a long time, Westerners have maintained a sense of mystery towards China, with their understanding of China still stuck in the situation decades, or even hundreds of years ago, during the late Qing Dynasty. Many people in many countries think that Chinese people still wear long gowns and skullcaps, with a long braid trailing from the back of their hats. We also didn't understand the outside world. After the Ping Pong Diplomacy in 1972, we changed our belief about “American imperialism being a paper tiger.”

因为封闭太久,在刚开放的ー些内地城市,金发碧眼的女郎,高鼻子白皮肤的 外国人ー出现,常常有人围观看热闹。胆大的小孩,蹲在地上去摸外国人腿上长长 的黄毛。

Due to our long isolation, when some mainland cities began to open up and blond-haired, blue-eyed girls or high-nosed, white-skinned foreigners started to appear, people would often gather around to watch the spectacle. Bold children would even squat down and touch the long blonde leg hair of these foreigners. 

1982年,法国可尼旅行社一行26人来华旅游。该团大部分成员都是首次来 华,带着对中国的种种猜疑而来,甚至有人认为中国还处于“文革”动乱之中,年轻人还戴着红袖章。

In 1982, a group of 26 people from the French travel agency Conny came to China for a tour. Most members of the group were visiting China for the first time, bringing with them various suspicions about China. Some even thought that China was still in the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution, with young people still wearing red armbands. 

十几天内,他们参观了エ厂,在农村用餐,漫步街道,同中国百姓 交谈接触,他们的看法变了,惊叹不已。他们感受到中国人民是勤奋向上的,中国 不简单,要保证十亿人民吃饭穿衣,维护着社会安定,这几乎是ー种奇迹。

Within a span of ten days or so, they visited factories, had meals in rural areas, strolled the streets, and interacted with the common Chinese people. Their perceptions were changed and they were astonished. They realized that the Chinese people are hardworking and always striving to improve, and that China is far more complex than they had imagined. The fact that it can ensure over a billion people have food to eat and clothes to wear, while maintaining social stability, seemed almost miraculous to them.

研究中国问题的学者,十分关心中国的人权问题、用人制度问题。改革开放后 中国干部政策也有了变革,取消了用人看阶级成分的做法。上大学、分配工作、婚 姻、考核等许多方面,阶级成分不再是考虑的因素。过去因所谓“出身不好”而受 歧视,使之终生不与别人平等的现象已经得到纠正。这是改革开放以来政策上ー 项最大的改革。这些情况让外宾们听了看了耳目一新。

Scholars studying issues related to China are very concerned about human rights and the employment system in China. After the reform and opening up, there have been changes in the cadre policy in China, and the practice of classifying people based on their class background has been abolished. n many aspects such as university enrollment, job allocation, marriage, and assessments, the consideration of one's class background is no longer a determining factor. The discrimination based on the so-called bad background in the past, which resulted in lifelong inequality, has been corrected. This is the most significant reform in policy since the beginning of the reform and opening up. These developments have greatly impressed the foreign visitors. 

前西德旅游者古斯塔夫・穆里瑞说:“中国之行使人满意,作为一个从遥远的 欧洲来到你们国家的旅游者,我看到了中国的希望。”

Gustav Müller, a former tourist from West Germany, remarked, “My trip to China has been satisfying. As a tourist coming from distant Europe to your country, I have seen the hope of China.” 

有个由教授、医生31人组成的美国旅游团,带着各种偏见到中国来旅游。埃 德先生是康斯坦丁大学教授,他一直认为中国人思想和行动都不自由,工作艰难, 生活困苦。其情形也有点像我们以为他们那儿的人民“生活在水深火热之中” 〇

There was a tourist group from the United States consisting of 31 members, including professors and doctors, who came to China with various biases. Mr. Ed, a professor from the University of Konstantin, had always believed that Chinese people lacked freedom in their thoughts and actions, and that they faced challenging work and a difficult life. It seemed that his perception was somewhat similar to our assumption that the people there were living in dire circumstances. 


埃德先生为了证实自己的观点,带了 10打彩色胶卷,准备拍摄“证据”,以便回 去说服不同意他观点的人。到北京的第一天,他起了个大早,自己一人从前门饭店 走到虎坊路口,只见人行道上的行人和大街上的骑车人,都衣着整齐,精神愉快,有 的还微笑着用英语友好地向他问候:“早晨好!”

To validate his viewpoint, Mr. Ed brought along 10 rolls of color film, prepared to capture evidence that would help convince those who disagreed with him. On his first day in Beijing, he got up early and walked alone from the Qianmen Hotel to the Hufang intersection. He found pedestrians on the sidewalks and cyclists on the streets, all neatly dressed and in high spirits. Some even greeted him warmly in English with a smile: “Good morning!”

埃德先生迷惑了。

This puzzled Mr. Ed. 

最后,他说:“看来,过去听说的不是事实。”

In the end, he said, “It seems that what I've heard in the past is not true.” 

这个团的狄先生是美国有名的医学博士,到上海患了感冒。陪同劝他去医院 治病,狄先生摇摇头说:“中国还没有给我看病的设备。”

In the same group was Mr. Di, a renowned medical doctor from the United States who caught a cold when they arrived in Shanghai. When his companions suggested that he should go to the hospital, Mr. Di shook his head and said, “China doesn't have the equipment to treat me.” 

陪同拿出自备的中药板蓝根,用开水冲开后对他说:“你试试,这种药与咖啡味 道差不多,能解暑降温呢!”

One of the companions presented a self-prepared traditional Chinese medicine, Ban Lan Gen, and after dissolving it in hot water, he suggested, “You should try this. It has a taste similar to coffee and can help relieve heat and reduce fever.” 

博士半信半疑地喝下去,没想到第二天一早就不打喷嚏了。狄先生夫妇笑着 找到陪同又要了几包。事后狄先生说:“太神奇了！简直不可思议!”临别时,狄先 生一下子买了 200包板蓝根带回国。

With a blend of skepticism and curiosity, the doctor drank the concoction. To his surprise, by the next morning, his sneezing had stopped. Mr. Di and his wife, amused and intrigued, approached the companion and asked for a few more. Reflecting on the incident later, Mr. Di said, “That's miraculous! Absolutely inconceivable!” When it was time to leave, Mr. Di bought 200 packets of Ban Lan Gen to take back to his home country. 

这个团有个精神病老专家利奥奈德,在去云冈石窟的路上,洪水从公路漫过, 汽车过不去。正当游客们站在水边发愣时,有个过路农民微笑着走到利奥奈德先 生身边,边说边打手势。

There was also a mental health expert named Leonard in the group. On their way to the Yungang Grottoes, a flood had covered the road, making it impassable for their vehicle. As the tourists stood by the water, bewildered, a passing farmer approached Leonard with a smile, speaking and gesturing to him. 

老专家想想,掏出了钱包。

After some thought, Leonard reached for his wallet.

农民急得直摇头。

The farmer, however, responded with an urgent shake of his head. 

陪同翻译赶忙解释:“他是说水不深,他可以背你过去。”

老专家为自己的误解感到内疚。

Quickly stepping in, the interpreter clarified, “He's saying the water isn't deep. He can carry you across.” Embarrassed by his misinterpretation, Leonard conceded. 

农民背起利奥奈德先生涉水往前走,其他外宾纷纷脱鞋挽裤,兴奋地跟在后 面,顺利地到了对岸。过后,利奥奈德先生告诉陪同,他的两个身强体壮的儿子也 在这个团,但只是站在他的身边袖手旁观。

With that, the farmer hoisted Leonard onto his back and started wading through the water. The rest of the group, caught up in the excitement, followed suit by rolling up their pants, removing their shoes, and making their way across to the other side. Later, Leonard revealed to the interpreter that his two robust sons were also part of the group, but they had merely stood by, watching the events unfold without offering assistance.

百闻不如一见。这个团在中国经过短暂的17天行程,离境时他们坦率地承 认,事实让他们改变了对中国的看法。

It was a profound lesson in the power of firsthand experience. After a brief 17-day journey through China, the group left the country with candid admissions that their experiences had fundamentally changed their perceptions of China. The truth they witnessed was far more compelling than any secondhand account. 

美国哈佛大学5位美国大学生回国后给国旅总部寄来感谢信,信中说:“我们 在美国听到的中国,同我们在北京亲眼看到的中国,完全不一样,中国人民十分友 好厂’类似这样的海外来信,每个月能收到一大摞。

After returning to the United States, five students from Harvard University sent a letter of gratitude to the headquarters of the CITS. The letter read, “The China we heard about in the U.S. is completely different from the China we personally experienced in Beijing. The Chinese people are incredibly friendly.” Piles of similar letters from overseas pour in every month. 

40多年前曾在北京生活过的泰国徐安纳女士故地重游,兴奋地说:“北京变得 认不出了,比想象中还好。”

More than 40 years ago, Thai citizen Ms. Xu Anna lived in Beijing. Upon revisiting the city, she excitedly exclaimed, “Beijing has changed so much that it's unrecognizable, and it's even better than I imagined.” 

世界已经看到ー个日益开放的中国。

The world is witnessing a China that is increasingly open. 

5.公鸡太太汤

5. Mr. Rooster's Wife

当年,有许多友好人士对我国新兴的旅游业导游短缺、航班延误、火车晚点、服 务欠缺等种种问题,提出过很多批评。

Back in the day, many well-wishers raised concerns about the emerging tourism industry in our country, citing a shortage of tour guides, flight delays, train lateness, and a lack of services. These issues have invited a great deal of criticism. 

八达岭火车站没有候车亭,只有一块站牌,旅客上下火车非常不便。等候乘车 的旅客,只能在空旷的野地里站着。烈日暴晒,下雨挨淋,外宾对此反映强烈。于 是旅客候车亭相继出现,车站、码头、街口醒目的指示牌多了起来。

Badaling train station had no waiting area, just a signboard, which made getting on and off the train very inconvenient. Waiting passengers had no choice but to stand in the open field. The intense sunlight in the summer and the heavy rain at times brought strong complaints from foreign visitors. Consequently, waiting areas for passengers began to appear, and more noticeable signs were installed at stations, docks, and intersections. 

飞机行李舱的门打开,舱里的行李哗啦啦都掉到接运卡车箱里。外宾看到这 种“快速卸货法”,惊讶得张大了嘴巴。有人对这种野蛮方法提出批评,机场很快 就改进了。

When the doors of the airplane cargo hold were opened, all the luggage inside would clatter down into the receiving cart. Foreign visitors would gape in surprise at this “fast unloading method.” Criticisms of such rough handling were raised, and the airport soon made improvements. 

广州宾馆小卖部只收港币,美国、墨西哥外宾要喝可口可乐没港币便买不到。 能否通融一下,用美元或人民币呢?服务员说:“上面规定,没办法。”反映到经理 那里,死规定变活了,宾馆有了外币兑换窗口。

The convenience store at the Guangzhou Hotel only accepted Hong Kong dollars. Foreign visitors from the United States and Mexico, lacking the local currency, found themselves unable to buy a Coca-Cola. “Could we possibly use US dollars or yuan instead?” inquired a guest. The waiter replied, “The regulations dictate otherwise. I'm sorry, there's nothing I can do.” When these issues were brought to the manager's attention, the rigid rules became more flexible, and the hotel soon introduced a foreign currency exchange counter. 

韩素音女士曾激动地问,为什么饭店服务员不帮助游客搬行李?起初,我们确 实还没有这种观念,有人提出,也很快改进。

Ms. Han Suyin once passionately asked why hotel staff didn't assist guests with their luggage. Initially, we indeed lacked such a concept, but once it was suggested, improvements were quickly made. 

有些服务员认为自己一天到晚伺候洋人,低人一等,这样的心理感觉也是存在 的。如此,哪能有笑脸?干活也没劲。宾馆开展了“微笑服务”活动,我们开始懂 得,如果出了差错,微笑能代表道歉。微笑是快乐的精灵,ー个微笑能使人快乐 ー天。

Some staff felt that serving foreigners all day was demeaning, a sentiment that did exist. Under such a mindset, how could they serve with a smile? Their work would naturally lack enthusiasm. The hotel then initiated a "smile service" campaign. We began to understand that if a mistake occurs, a smile can serve as an apology. A smile is a sprite of joy, a single smile can bring happiness to someone for an entire day. 

国外酒店同行热心地向我们介绍国际酒店十条标准:笑容、礼仪、整洁、责任、 守时、忠诚、尊敬、服从、效率、勤勉。我们组织员工学习,开始认识到在客人眼中, “我就是酒店,酒店就是我”的道理。

Our international hotel counterparts kindly introduced us to the ten international hotel standards: a smile, courtesy, cleanliness, responsibility, punctuality, loyalty, respect, obedience, efficiency, and diligence. We organized staff training and began to realize the principle that in the eyes of the guest, “I am the hotel, and the hotel is me.” 

刚从招待所转成外宾接待的,服务员带有招待所的老传统,把被子叠得方方正 正,外宾一眼看去像到了军营。经指点也学会宾馆的做法,平铺于床,为客人掀好 ー个角,这有如道一句“晚安”,使人安然入梦乡。

Those who had just transitioned from working in guest houses carried over old traditions, such as folding the blankets perfectly square, which to foreign guests resembled a military barracks. With some guidance, they learned the practices of the hotel, spreading the blanket flat on the bed, and folding back one corner for the guest. This gesture is akin to saying “Goodnight,” setting the stage for a peaceful night's sleep. 

英语指示牌常出错,“游客止步”的地方挂着“自由出入”,甚至男女厕所英语 的使用也不正确,使人哭笑不得。ー经提出,及时更换。

Errors often occurred with English signs. In places marked "No Entry for Visitors" hung signs reading “Free Entry” and even the English usage for men's and women's restrooms was incorrect, which was both amusing and frustrating. Once these issues were identified, they were promptly addressed. 

问题总还是有很多。桂林一些宾馆水泵压カ不够,导致房间缺水,服务员就一 桶桶提上楼去。但是,导游,特别是服务员外语水平差,一时却难以改变。

But, inevitably, problems still arose. Some hotels in Guilin had inadequate water pressure, causing a shortage of water in the rooms. Waitstaff had to carry buckets of water up the stairs. But their poor proficiency in foreign languages, especially among the waitstaff and tour guides, proved difficult to improve in the short term. 

在外宾下榻的宾馆里,翻译不可能处处相陪,吃饭点菜、问讯、洗衣、打电话、拍 电报、兑换外币、修理物件等,都找服务员。由于语言不通,只有靠比画、猜想办事, 闹过不少笑话。

In hotels where foreign guests were staying, it was not possible for interpretors to be present everywhere. For dining, inquiries, laundry, phone calls, telegrams, currency exchange, and repairs, guests had to rely on the waitstaff. Due to language barriers, communication often had to be done through gestures and guesses, which led to some amusing misunderstandings. 

外宾想吃荔枝,端来了辣椒;想上洗手间,端来了一盆水。有位刚洗完澡的客 人,向服务员要一个接线板,服务员却请来ー个医生。一位美国老太太怕冷,说要 加一床毛毯,而领班听成白兰地,于是送去ー瓶酒,老太太掩嘴而笑。ー个日本游 客反映暖气管漏水,服务员赶忙送来两壶开水,游客着急地说:“我不是要水!”

Guests who wanted to eat lychee were served chili peppers instead; a request to use the restroom resulted in a basin of water being brought. Once, a guest who had just finished taking a shower asked a staff member for a power strip. The staff member misunderstood and brought a doctor instead. An American elderly lady, feeling cold, requested an additional blanket. However, the manager misheard ‘blanket’ as 'brandy' and delivered a bottle of liquor to her room, causing the lady to cover her mouth in laughter. A Japanese guest reported a leak in his heating pipe, and a hotel staff quickly brought two pots of boiling water. The guest exclaimed in frustration, “I don't need water!” 

在ー次宴会上,端上来ー盆“人参母鸡汤” 〇

During a banquet, a pot of “Ginseng Chicken Soup” was served. 

日本客人问:“这是什么?”

A Japanese guest asked, “What is this?” 

翻译忘了“母鸡”这个词日语该怎么说。灵机ー动,指着盆里的母鸡,笑着对 客人介绍:“这是公鸡太太和人参做成的汤。”

The interpretor forgot how to say 'hen' in Japanese. Thinking on his feet, he pointed to the chicken in the pot and humorously introduced it to the guests as, “This is a soup made of Mr. Rooster's wife and ginseng.” 

客人们听后全都捧腹大笑。

Everyone at the table burst into laughter upon hearing this. 

有些不懂外语的服务员,见了外宾能躲就躲,能避就避,溜之大吉。不敢主动 和外宾接触,怕外宾提问题自己听不懂,出洋相,外宾ー按电铃就发怵。有的宾馆 为应急,把仅有的几个会外语的服务员调来借去,非常被动。

Some service staff, not understanding foreign languages, would avoid foreign guests whenever possible, dodging out of sight. They were reluctant to initiate contact with foreign guests for fear of not understanding their questions, and making a fool of themselves; they would be filled with dread at the sound of a doorbell. Some hotels, in a desperate response, shuffled around the few multilingual staff members they had, leaving them in a very passive situation. 

国旅杭州分社想出救急办法,编写了 56句短小的日常用语,用英文、中文和汉 语拼音分别印在56张状如扑克牌的卡纸上。当双方因语言障碍陷入窘境时,就可 找出卡片中表达其意的那ー张,解决问题。

The Hangzhou branch of CITS came up with an emergency solution. They compiled 56 common phrases, each printed in English, Chinese, and Pinyin on playing card-sized paper. When a language barrier led to an awkward situation, they could find the card that expressed their meaning and solve the problem. 

更好的办法是突击学外语。许多宾馆掀起了学外语高潮,服务员虽然文化水 平都不高,但学习相当刻苦。利用一切空余时间,练ロ语,听外语广播。有个服务 员已是两个孩子的母亲,东方刚放亮就起身学习,晚上躺在床上也念念不忘背 单词。

But a better solution was to learn foreign languages intensively. Many hotels kicked off a fervor for learning languages. Although the educational background of the service staff was not good, they studied quite diligently. They took advantage of every spare moment to practice languages and listen to foreign language broadcasts. One of the service staff, a mother of two, would get up to study as soon as the day broke, and she would not forget to memorize words even when lying in bed at night. 

冬季是旅游淡季,全国旅游行业掀起了冬季练兵热潮,餐厅服务员练端盘子基本功,客房服务员练清理房间卫生的速度,晚上又上夜校学外语。

Winter is the off-season for tourism, and a fervor for training swept across the tourism industry nationwide. Restaurant servers practiced their skills in carrying trays, room attendants honed their speed in cleaning rooms, and in the evenings they attended night school to learn foreign languages. 

三、破冰之旅

Chapter 3 The Ice-Breaking Journey 

ー个变革的时代,各种观念可以来自四面八方,但富有成效的行动,总是出自 那些颠沛跋涉的实践者。谁曾想到,旅游业在开放初会如此艰难地为突破旧观念、 旧体制,充当着开路先锋的角色……过去的年代,问题恐怕不在于观念陈旧,多少 人应有的独立思考功能受损,就无法创造性开展工作。旅游业的破冰之旅不唯发 展了旅游,在改变社会营造新风诸方面,可以用一句著名的诗来表述:“沉舟侧畔千 帆过,病树前头万木春。”

In an era of transformation, various ideas can come from all directions, but effective actions always come from those who have journeyed through hardships. Who would have thought that the tourism industry, at the beginning of its opening up, would play the role of a pioneer in breaking through old concepts and systems... In days past, the problem was not so much that ideas were archaic, but that the capacity for independent thinking in many people had been subtly eroded, leaving them unable to bring creativity to their work. The ice-breaking journey of the tourism industry not only developed tourism but also changed society and created a new atmosphere. This can be expressed with a famous line of poetry: While the sunk boat lies submerged, thousands of sails pass by; at the sick tree's front, ten thousand trees spring. 

1.传奇局长卢绪章

1. Legendary Director Lu Xuzhang

卢绪章这个名字你也许不熟悉,但提起电影《与魔鬼打交道的人》,许多人会 想起影片中的男一号张公甫。张公甫的形象,就是依据卢绪章的传奇经历塑造的。

The name Lu Xuzhang might not ring a bell for you, but mention the film “The Man Who Dealt with the Devil”, and many will recall the leading male character, Zhang Gongfu. Zhang Gongfu's character was sculpted based on Lu Xuzhang's legendary journey. 

卢绪章曾经长期从事共产党的地下秘密联络工作,公开身份是大老板。他与 国民党上层人物陈果夫、陈立夫等打得火热,并取得了国民党少将参议的头衔,通 过孙科等头面人物与苏联做生意,为共产党挣取了数十万港币的活动经费,国民党 高官蒙在鼓里,中共也只有周恩来等极少数人知道他是“红色资本家” 〇中华人民 共和国成立后,卢绪章出任中国第一任进出口公司经理,后担任外经贸部常务副部 长,人们敬佩卢绪章,常在他面前拿电影《与魔鬼打交道的人》说事。他自己并不 喜欢这个称呼,一切都已过去,他再也不是“与魔鬼打交道的人” 〇

For a long time, Lu Xuzhang was engaged in the secret underground liaison work of the Communist Party, publicly appearing as a prominent businessman. He was on excellent terms with senior figures of the Kuomintang like Chen Guofu and Chen Lifu, earning himself the title of Major General of the Kuomintang. He conducted business with the Soviet Union through leading figures like Sun Ke, raising hundreds of thousands of Hong Kong dollars in operational funds for the Communist Party. While high-ranking officials of the Kuomintang were kept in the dark, only a very few, like Zhou Enlai, knew that he was a "Red Capitalist". After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Lu Xuzhang became the first manager of the China Import and Export Company and later served as the Executive Deputy Minister of Foreign Economic Trade. People admired Lu Xuzhang, often referring to the film “The Man Who Dealt with the Devil” in his presence. He didn't like this moniker, everything was already in the past, and he was no longer "the man who dealt with the devil.” 

1978年10月17日,卢绪章走马上任。这时旅游面临的困难重重,他可说是 “受命于艰难之际” 〇贯彻对外开放、对内搞活的政策,搞好旅游业,是他的重任。 我国有发展旅游业的丰富资源,首先要搞好铁路、机场、码头、电讯等基础设施,还 要动员各方面力量来办旅游,大胆利用外资、侨资来办旅游。

On October 17, 1978, Lu Xuzhang assumed his new position. At this time, the tourism industry was facing numerous difficulties, and he could be said to have been "appointed at a time of hardship." His major responsibility was to implement the policy of opening up to the outside world and invigorating the domestic economy, and to do a good job in the tourism industry. China has abundant resources to develop the tourism industry. The first step is to improve basic facilities such as railways, airports, docks, and telecommunications, and also to mobilize all forces to run tourism, boldly utilizing foreign and overseas Chinese investments to manage tourism. 

为加快引进外资步伐,小平授意国务院成立“利用侨资、外资建设旅游饭店领 导小组” 〇由国务院副总理谷牧任组长,陈慕华、廖承志等人具体分管,办公室设在 国家旅游总局内。

To accelerate the pace of introducing foreign investment, Deng Xiaoping instructed the State Council to establish a "Leadership Group for Building Tourist Hotels Using Overseas Chinese and Foreign Investment." The group was headed by Deputy Prime Minister Gu Mu, with Chen Muhua and Liao Chengzhi in charge of specific tasks. The office was located within the CNTA. 

“小组”于1978年11月成立。名为“小组”,实为国家部级的机构。小组成员 有国家计委、国家建委、外交部、轻工部、商业部、外贸部、铁道部、交通部、民航总 局、财政部、中国人民银行等有关部门的负责人。可外商不理解,经常问:“你这个 小组是什么级的?”为此还得费一番口舌。

The “group” was established in November 1978. Despite being called a “group”, it was actually a state department-level institution. The members of the group included the heads of relevant departments such as the National Development and Reform Commission, the National Construction Commission, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Light Industry, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Foreign Trade, the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Transportation, the Civil Aviation Administration, the Ministry of Finance, and the People's Bank of China. However, foreign businessmen did not understand this and often asked: “What level is your group?” This question often required some explanation. 

小组下设办公室,简称“侨外资办”,卢绪章兼任办公室主任。卢绪章熟谙市 场经济经营之道,举止沉稳,丝毫没有“大干部”的派头。上任伊始,卢绪章动用自 己的“老关系”,以国家旅游总局的名义,邀请ー批实业家、旅游专家组成海外旅游 考察团到中国考察,目的就是请他们了解中国改革开放的好机遇,吸引他们前来中 国投资,对中国旅游设施的改进提建议。考察团成员有美国波士顿财务公司、凯悦 国际酒店集团等机构的负责人,夏威夷大学的校长和旅游学院的院长,还有世界著 名的美籍华裔建筑师贝聿铭,香港企业家杨元龙、车家骐、朱民康、杨敏德及旅馆、 酒店专业人士。

The “group” had an office, commonly referred to as the “Office of Overseas Chinese and Foreign Investment”, and Lu Xuzhang concurrently served as the director of the office. Lu Xuzhang, who was well-versed in the operation of the market economy, was calm and composed without any airs of a “senior official”. At the beginning of his tenure, Lu Xuzhang used his “old connections” and, in the name of the CNTA, invited a group of industrialists and tourism experts to form an overseas tourism inspection team to visit China. The purpose was to have them understand the great opportunities of China's reform and opening up, to attract them to invest in China, and to provide suggestions for the improvement of China's tourism facilities. The members of the inspection team included the heads of institutions such as Boston Financial Company and Hyatt Hotels Corporation, the president of the University of Hawaii and the dean of the School of Tourism, as well as the world-renowned Chinese-American architect I.M. Pei, Hong Kong entrepreneurs Yang Yuanlong, Che Jiaqi, Zhu Minkang, Yang Minde and other professionals from the hotel industry. 


广州、上海、南京、扬州、无锡、苏州,夏威夷旅游学院院长朱卓任每到ー地,都 向旅游同行们介绍世界旅游业的发展情况。朱民康先生从凯悦国际酒店集团选来 了 !8套有关旅游接待、酒店管理和旅游从业人员训练等方面的影片,沿途放映,使 各地的旅游业人员大开眼界。

In Guangzhou, Shanghai, Nanjing, Yangzhou, Wuxi, and Suzhou, the Dean of the University of Hawaii School of Tourism, Zhu Zhuoren, would introduce the development of the world tourism industry to his colleagues at every location. Mr. Zhu Minkang selected 18 sets of films related to tourism reception, hotel management, and tourism staff training from Hyatt International Hotel Group. These were screened along the way, greatly enlightening the local tourism industry personnel. 

经卢绪章牵线和实地考察,国旅总社和香港侨美旅游事业有限公司于1978年 11月!3日签订了投资协议书。主要内容是在北京、上海、广州、杭州、南京、苏州、 无锡、扬州等地分两期合作建造五万间房间的旅馆,全部利用外资,待旅馆建成后 以部分房租逐年偿还。

Through Lu Xuzhang's facilitation and on-site inspection, the CITS and Overseas American Tourism Corporation Ltd. in Hong Kong signed an investment agreement on November 13, 1978. The main content of the agreement was to jointly build hotels with 50,000 rooms in two phases in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi, and Yangzhou. The project would be entirely funded with foreign capital, and the room rent would be used to repay the investment annually after the hotels were built. 

“老去又逢新岁月,春来更有好花枝”,这是多好的开端,卢绪章兴奋得睡不好 觉,恨不得马上付诸行动。

“Facing new times as one ages, and encountering beautiful flowers when spring comes,” was a great start. Lu Xuzhang was so excited that he couldn't sleep well, wishing to put this into action immediately. 

可是这时党的十一届三中全会还没召开,投资软环境还没形成。姓“社”姓 “资”还是个敏感的话题。什么能干,什么不能干,大家心中都没底。这ー协议在 北京实施时就遇到阻碍,包括征集土地、税收标准、拆迁政策等等,当时都是一片空 白。国家旅游总局碰到了难题,ー时无法进ー步商谈。

However, at that time, the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party had not yet been convened, and the soft environment for investment had not been formed. Whether to follow a socialist or capitalist model was still a sensitive topic. What could be done and what couldn't be done, no one was really sure. The agreement encountered obstacles when implemented in Beijing, including land acquisition, tax standards, relocation policies, etc., all of which were then a blank slate. The CNTA encountered difficulties and was unable to proceed with further discussions for a time.

外宾来了,不是来上“五七干校”的。得让人家住好、吃好、玩好,他们オ愿意 来。这就需要搞活旅游业,需要把旅游业作为ー种重要的产业来抓。

Foreign guests weren't coming to enroll in "May 7th Cadre Schools." We had to ensure they had good accommodations, food, and entertainment so they would want to come. This required revitalizing the tourism industry and treating it as an important industry to focus on. 

为了争取时间,卢绪章当机立断,干不了大的干小的,建不了新的改旧的。马 上促成侨美公司和北京市第一服务局合作,签订了北京香山、西苑两饭店的建设和 民族饭店的加建、改造工程的合同。民族饭店率先请香港的名设计师改造装修了 两间富有民族风味的样板房,供参观仿效,同时开始兴建燕京饭店。

In order to save time, Lu Xuzhang made a decisive move: if he couldn't work on large projects, he would focus on smaller ones; if he couldn't build new ones, he would renovate old ones. He immediately facilitated a cooperation between the Overseas Chinese American Company and Beijing's First Service Bureau, signing contracts for the construction of the Xiangshan and Xiyuan hotels in Beijing and the expansion and renovation project of the Minzu Hotel. The Minzu Hotel was the first to invite a famous designer from Hong Kong to remodel and decorate two sample rooms with ethnic flavor for observation and emulation, and at the same time began to build the Yanjing Hotel. 

广东珠海最先展示出“大手笔”。自1979年以来,珠海先后引进ー亿五千多万 港元的资金,以合作或合资、独资的形式兴建宾馆、酒店、游乐场、度假村等。1980 年1〇月最早建成的珠海石景山旅游中心,是国内第一家外资独资的饭店。

Zhuhai, Guangdong, was the first to display a big move. Since 1979, Zhuhai has introduced over 150 million Hong Kong dollars in funds, and built hotels, amusement parks, and resorts in the form of cooperation, joint ventures, or sole proprietorships. In October 1980, the earliest completed Zhuhai Shijing Mountain Tourist Center became the first wholly foreign-owned hotel in China. 

1978年底,船王包玉刚先生提出要来观光。 当年参与接待的袁宗堂先生,如今已是76岁的古稀老人,先后担任过国家旅 游局企业管理司、资源司司长兼北京兆龙饭店第一任总经理。如今他已是中外酒 店业内的知名人士,如同“酒店活神仙”〇 2007年获得了 “中国酒店业终身成就 奖”,中国获此殊荣的只有两人,另一位是侯锡九先生。

At the end of 1978, shipping tycoon Pao Yue-kong proposed to come for sightseeing. Yuan Zongtang, who participated in the reception that year, is now a 76-year-old elderly man who has served as the Director of the Enterprise Management Division and the Resource Division of the CNTA and the first general manager of the Beijing Zhaolong Hotel. He is now a well-known figure in the hotel industry at home and abroad, like a “hotel living god”. In 2007, he was awarded the "Lifetime Achievement Award of China's Hotel Industry". Only two people in China have received this honor, the other being Mr. Hou Xijiu. 

袁宗堂回忆当年,说包玉刚要来的三天前,卢绪章就叫他去北京饭店要住房, 要不到,袁宗堂就坐在那儿等,还是没有。到晚上只好打电话向国务院反映,经过 国务院同意,好不容易调整出ー间单人房。结果与包玉刚同来的妹夫李伯忠只能 在他的房内打了个地铺。

Yuan Zongtang recalled that three days before Pao Yue-kong's arrival, Lu Xuzhang asked him to go to the Beijing Hotel for a room, but he couldn't get it. Yuan Zongtang had to sit there and wait, but still couldn't get a room. By evening, he had no choice but to report to the State Council. After the State Council's approval, a single room was finally arranged. As a result, Li Bozhong, Pao Yue-kong's brother-in-law who came with him, could only make a makeshift bed in his room. 

包玉刚是世界船王包兆龙的接班掌门人,与卢绪章是姑舅亲,又都是宁波老 乡,两人私交甚深。这对30多年未见面的亲戚加老乡见面时,没有“泪汪汪”。包 玉刚直言不讳:“你这个旅游局长是怎么当的?连我来,房间还要加塞,如果传出 去,岂不是天大笑话?”

Pao Yue-kong is the successor to the world shipping king Pao Shao-long and is a close relative and fellow Ningbo native of Lu Xuzhang, so they had a deep private relationship. There were no tears when these relatives and old friends, who hadn't seen each other for more than 30 years, met. Pao Yue-kong was blunt, "How are you being the director of this tourism bureau? Even when I come, the room has to be crowded. If this gets out, isn't it a big joke?" 

卢绪章为人忠厚朴实,不善辞令。他充满歉意。

Lu Xuzhang is a man of integrity and simplicity, not good at eloquence. He was full of apology. 

几天后,包玉刚了解到当时国内旅游宾馆出奇地困难,国家旅游总局办公场所 也特别小,几十个人挤在ー起,两个人才ー张办公桌。两个副局长共一个办公室, 来个人谈事,另ー个还得主动回避一下。包玉刚表示,我出1000万美金,800万盖 个饭店,200万给你们盖楼。此行他还捐资给上海交通大学建图书馆。 应该说这是“天上掉馅饼”的好事,但还是有人反对。

A few days later, Pao Yue-kong learned about the surprisingly difficult situation with the domestic tourist hotels at the time. The office space of the CNTA was also exceptionally small. Dozens of people were squeezed together, with two people sharing one desk. The two deputy directors shared one office. When someone came to talk about things, the other had to actively avoid it. Pao Yue-kong said, “I will give 10 million US dollars, 8 million to build a hotel, and 2 million for you to build a building.” During this trip, he also donated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University to build a library. One might consider this as a windfall, yet some still voiced opposition. 

因为包玉刚提出,饭店的名字要用“兆龙饭店”。兆龙是包玉刚父亲的名字。 反对者说:“这不是为资本家树碑立传吗?”

This was because Pao Yue-kong proposed to name the hotel “Zhao Long Hotel”. Zhao Long is the name of Pao Yue-kong’s father. The opponents said, “Isn't this erecting a monument and writing a biography for the capitalist?”

包兆龙为包拯第28代嫡孙,也是个爱国华侨,曾屡捐巨资赞助祖国建设。对 那些反对者,我们今天能说什么呢?只能说,为什么总有些人的思想如此僵化、不 开窍?

Pao Zhao Long, the 28th direct descendant of Bao Zheng, was also a patriotic overseas Chinese who had repeatedly donated huge sums of money to support the construction of the motherland. To those who opposed, what can we say today? Only that, why are some people's thinking so rigid and inflexible? 

卢绪章很高兴,他说包玉刚的爱国不是挂在口头上,而是实实在在表现在行动 上。他是继承中国传统美德的国际企业家。卢绪章直接想办法把消息报告给邓小 平。邓小平明确表示支持,并说,人家要表示孝心,用父亲的名字,有什么不好?后 来小平不仅会见了包玉刚,还亲自为“兆龙饭店”题写店名,亲自参加了 “兆龙饭 店”开业庆典,此为后话。

Lu Xuzhang was very pleased. He said that Pao Yue-kong's patriotism was not just lip service, but was truly manifested in action. He is an international businessman who inherits Chinese traditional virtues. Lu Xuzhang directly found a way to report the news to Deng Xiaoping. Deng Xiaoping clearly expressed his support, saying, what's wrong with someone wanting to express filial piety by using their father's name. Later, Deng Xiaoping not only met with Pao Yue-kong, but also personally inscribed the name of the “Zhaolong Hotel”, and personally attended the opening ceremony of the "Zhaolong Hotel", but that's another story. 

2.第一批旅游饭店

2. The First Batch of Tourist Hotels

李玉莺曾陪同宋庆龄访问苏联,见过斯大林。她还担任过郭沫若的外事秘书, 曾是国家旅游局的ー支“笔杆子”,人称才女,改革开放初期许多文件出自其手。 她参与了建国饭店、长城饭店、金陵饭店、白天鹅饭店等涉外饭店的谈判,对中国引 进外资建设的进程,可说是了如指掌。

Li Yuying, who once accompanied Song Qingling on a visit to the Soviet Union and met Stalin, also served as Guo Moruo's foreign affairs secretary. She was once one of the “penholders” of the CNTA, known as a talented woman, and many documents in the early stage of reform and opening up were written by her. She participated in the negotiation of foreign-related hotels such as the Jianguo Hotel, the Great Wall Hotel, the Jinling Hotel, and the White Swan Hotel, and can be said to have a thorough understanding of the process of China's introduction of foreign investment for construction. 

2008年她78岁了,两鬓如霜,依然オ思敏捷。李玉莺大姐向我们敞开记忆之 门,讲起了 30年前引进外资建饭店的艰辛故事。

In 2008, she is 78 years old, with frosty temples, but her mind was still sharp. Li Yuying opened the door to her memories and talked about the difficult story of introducing foreign investment to build hotels 30 years ago. 

“第一个引进外资建造旅游饭店的意向书,是在北京饭店签订的。时间是 1978年10月8日。”李玉莺说。

“The first letter of intent to introduce foreign capital to build a tourist hotel was signed at the Beijing Hotel. The date was October 8, 1978,” said Li Yuying. 

外方谈判代表是泛美航空所属的洲际饭店公司董事长保罗・希莱恩。小平同 志对这次谈判非常关注,外方到达的第二天上午就亲自会见了泛美航空公司董事 长西威尔和洲际饭店公司一行客人。

The foreign negotiation representative was Paul H. Schlein, the chairman of the Intercontinental Hotel Company, which belonged to Pan American World Airways. Comrade Xiaoping was very concerned about this negotiation. On the second morning after the arrival of the foreign party, he personally met with the chairman of Pan American World Airways, Mr. Westwil, and a delegation from the Intercontinental Hotel Company.

西威尔提出拟建5000个房间的饭店。

Mr. Westwil proposed to build a hotel with 5,000 rooms. 

小平说:“我们要积极努力创造更多的条件,建5000个房间的旅馆是可以商量 的,也可以再多一点。先建5000间,还要看建在什么地方。”

Xiaoping said, “We must actively strive to create more conditions. It is negotiable to build a hotel with 5,000 rooms, and it can be a bit more. First, build 5,000 rooms, but it also depends on where to build.”

小平还说:“这里边有些具体问题,建房条件要研究。”

Xiaoping also mentioned, “There are some specific problems in this that need to be studied regarding building conditions.” 

但小平同志亲自过问的这个项目,却因种种原因再无进展。此后,最先谈成, 又经国务院批准的中外合资项目是北京建国饭店,接着有北京长城饭店和中日航 空食品公司,这三个合资项目都是旅游企业。

However, this project that Comrade Xiaoping personally cared about had no further progress due to various reasons. Afterward, the first joint venture project to be negotiated and approved by the State Council was the Jianguo Hotel Beijing, followed by the Great Wall Hotel Beijing and the Sino-Japanese Aviation Food Company. These three joint ventures were all tourism enterprises. 

李玉莺大姐说:“我说说建国饭店从审批到施工建成的过程,你们就会知道,开 始引进外资的时候,有多么艰难。”

Li Yuying said, “If I talk about the process from the approval to the completion of the construction of the Jianguo Hotel, you will know how difficult it was to start introducing foreign investment.” 

建国饭店外资方是美籍华人陈宣远,他是廖承志的远房表亲。廖承志举贤不 避亲,动员他来中国投资。陈先生是个爱国的建筑师,在美国经营ー个建筑事务 所,在美国加州旧金山拥有帕萨迪娜等四家假日饭店。他对投资中国充满信心, 1979年2月就到北京考察,有关建国饭店的谈判进展相对顺利。陈宣远真心诚意 想为国家做点贡献,许多条款都做了让步。他甚至表态:饭店经营1〇年后,把他的 股权以1美元价格,卖给中方。

The foreign investor of the Jianguo Hotel was Chen XuanYuan, an American Chinese who was a distant relative of Liao Chengzhi. Liao Chengzhi didn't avoid relatives when promoting virtuous people, so he mobilized him to invest in China. Mr. Chen was a patriotic architect who ran an architectural firm in the United States. He owned four Holiday Inns in places like Pasadena, San Francisco, California. Chen XuanYuan was full of confidence in investing in China. He came to Beijing for inspection in February 1979, and the negotiations concerning the Jianguo Hotel proceeded relatively smoothly. Chen XuanYuan sincerely wanted to make some contributions to the country and made many concessions in the terms. He even stated that after the hotel had been operated for ten years, he would sell his shares to the Chinese side at a price of one US dollar. 

既然只卖1美元,那为什么不干脆白送呢?

If it's only sold for one dollar, why not just give it away? 

陈宣远说,不能白送。按照美国的法律,在国外投资白送就是违法。但可以 卖,至于卖多少钱由业主说了算。

Chen XuanYuan said that it couldn't be given away. According to US law, giving away overseas investments is illegal. But it can be sold, and the owner decides how much it is sold for. 

如此说来,外方的条件是相当优惠了。可是,当时许多人,包括有些国家部委 办的领导都不理解,对建国饭店建与不建的问题各持己见。国家某部委负责人说: “合资饭店都是亏本赔钱的,怎么能借钱干赔本的买卖?”

So it seems that the terms from the foreign side were quite favorable. However, at that time, many people, including some leaders from national ministries and commissions, did not understand and held their own opinions on whether to build the Jianguo Hotel. A person in charge of a certain national ministry said: “Joint venture hotels are all loss-making, how can we borrow money to engage in loss-making business?” 

有人还拿出“可行性分析”,认为建国饭店经营22年后,要还清借贷的本息,还差2万美金。

Some people also brought out a feasibility analysis, suggesting that after 22 years of operation of the Jianguo Hotel, there would still be a deficit of 20,000 US dollars to clear the principal and interest of the loan. 

这个“可行性分析”被作为ー种“科学论据”,有人据此反对上马

This feasibility analysis was used as a kind of "scientific argument", and some people opposed the project based on this. 

反对呼声强烈!

The opposition was strong! 

小平同志还是在关于同意建造建国饭店合资酒店的批文上签了字。今天我们 仍能看到,在这份批文上,有国务院总理、14位副总理和全国人大常委会副委员长 廖承志等共16位国家领导人的批字或圈阅,对建造ー个饭店如此慎重,是很少 见的。

Still, Deng Xiaoping personally signed the approval for the construction of the Jianguo Hotel joint venture. Today, we can still see the approval from 16 national leaders, including the Prime Minister of the State Council, 14 deputy prime ministers, and Liao Chengzhi, the vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. The unusual level of caution shown for the construction of a hotel is rare to see. 

李玉莺大姐清楚地记得,审批的时间是!979年6月12日。批语中还强调: “这是我国与外资合作建造和经营的第一个旅游饭店,可以作为试点,创造点经验, 请各有关部门积极给予支持配合,争取尽快动エ建成。”

Li Yuying clearly remembers that the approval was given on June 12, 1979. The approval emphasized: “This is the first tourist hotel in our country to be constructed and operated in cooperation with foreign capital. It can be used as a pilot project to create some experience. Please actively support and cooperate with all relevant departments to strive for starting and completing the construction as soon as possible.” 

有了“尚方宝剑”,事情看来可以一帆风顺地进展下去,哪知道阻カ依然很大。 在设计、选址、拆迁、贷款、施工等过程中,依然困难重重,几乎每走ー步,都遇到 阻カ。

With this “imperial sword,” it seemed that things could progress smoothly, but there were still substantial obstacles. During the process of design, site selection, demolition, loans, construction, etc., there were still numerous difficulties. Almost every step encountered resistance. 

陈宣远本人就是建筑师,由他设计是顺理成章的事。反对意见来了 :“中国的 饭店,为什么要外人来设计?”

Chen Xuan Yuan was himself an architect, so his design was a natural choice. Yet, opposition came: “Why should a Chinese hotel be designed by foreigners?” 

庄炎林是归侨,时任国家旅游总局副局长,又是“侨外资办”常务副主任,许多 具体事务得跑上跑下,忙前忙后,常常到下半夜オ进家门。多干事者多受气,种种 飞短流长向他袭来:

“请客的钱加起来,就可以盖一座大楼了!”

Zhuang Yanlin, a returning overseas Chinese, was the Deputy Director of the CNTA at the time and also the Executive Deputy Director of the “Overseas Capital Office”. He had to run around handling many specific affairs, often not arriving home until midnight. Those who do more often face more criticisms, and all kinds of rumors came at him: “The money spent on treating guests could have built a tower by now!”

“建合资饭店是与外国资本家联盟,ー起赚中国人民的钱。”

“Building joint venture hotels is forming an alliance with foreign capitalists to make money off the Chinese people.”

“咱们卫星都能上天,还怕盖不成饭店?”

“We can send satellites into space, so why can't we build a hotel?” 

“这点事,要去求洋人,岂不是丢中国人的脸吗！”

“Isn't it humiliating for us Chinese to seek help from foreigners for such a matter?” 

还有人写匿名信,用语从“崇洋媚外”到“卖国主义”,还有“丧失阶级立场” “丧 失民族气节”等等,引进外资建饭店,简直就是罪大恶极了。

Some people even sent anonymous letters, with phrases ranging from “worshipping foreigners and fawning over foreign things” to “traitorism”, as well as “losing class standing” and “losing national integrity”, etc. To them, bringing in foreign capital to build hotels was simply an egregious crime. 

李大姐说,现在看来十分明白的道理,在那年月却是说不清。引进外资建饭 店,面对四面八方的反对意见,有些声音可以置之不理,有些意见你还一定得去 解释。

As Li said, what now seems so clear was so hard to explain back then. In the face of opposition from all directions to the introduction of foreign capital for hotel construction, some voices could be ignored, but some opinions had to be explained.

1980年9月五届人大三次会议期间,建国饭店已经开エ了,一些全国人大代表 就引资建饭店提出质疑。庄炎林只得带着李玉莺等人去向人大代表作解释,就饭 店的合作方式、建筑设计、材料装修、偿还能力等问题ーー作说明,并强调旅游住宿 如何困难,争取人大代表的理解与同情。

During the Third Session of the Fifth National People's Congress in September 1980, the Jianguo Hotel had already started construction, and some National People's Congress delegates raised doubts about the hotel project funded by foreign capital. Zhuang Yanlin had no choice but to take Li Yuying and others to explain to the NPC delegates about the hotel's cooperation method, architectural design, material decoration, repayment ability, and other issues. They also stressed the difficulty of accommodation in tourism to gain the understanding and sympathy of the NPC delegates. 

建设建国饭店的批文!979年6月就批了,到!980年6月20日オ正式破土动 工。我们整整失去了一年宝贵时间。

The approval for the construction of Jianguo Hotel was issued in June 1979, but construction did not officially begin until June 20, 1980. We lost a full year of valuable time. 

谷牧副总理当时分管旅游工作,他曾在国家旅游局情况汇报中批示:“我很同情旅游业,现在谁也没有否决权。”

Vice Premier Gu Mu, who was in charge of tourism work at the time, once commented during a report on the status of the CNTA, “I sympathize greatly with the tourism industry; at present, no one has the right to veto.” 

施工期间又遭人为阻挠。原来建国饭店后面是国务院某部的宿舍楼,他们怕 建成后会遮挡阳光,不让建。

During the construction period, there was deliberate obstruction. The dormitory building of a certain department of the State Council was behind the site of the Jianguo Hotel. They feared that once the hotel was built, it would block their sunlight, so they opposed the construction. 

其实,原定方案已做了修改,在后面有宿舍的一方只建四层半楼房,以保证阳 光能照到ー楼窗户。但有些人白天公然到工地吵闹,晚上把笨重的搅拌机掀翻,拆 毁施工围墙。施工受阻,“侨外资办”只好向国务院求助。

In reality, the original plan had already been modified. On the side where there were dormitories, only four and a half floors of buildings were to be constructed to ensure that sunlight could reach the first floor windows. However, some people caused disturbances on the construction site during the day, and at night they overturned heavy mixers and destroyed the construction fences. When the construction was hindered, the Overseas Capital Office had to seek help from the State Council. 

邓小平在百忙中批示:“有理也不能闹,何况无理ド’

In the midst of his busy schedule, Deng Xiaoping instructed, “One should not make trouble even when they're in the right, let alone when they're in the wrong.” 

这オ平息事端。

This resolved the dispute. 

与此同期,另一合资项目长城饭店,经过5次艰苦的谈判オ算成功。从立项到 开エ建设,共有8位副总理先后做出重要指示或批示,最后是谷牧副总理批示:“我 主张继续干。”

During the same period, another joint venture project, the Great Wall Hotel, was successful after five tough negotiations. From the initiation of the project to the start of construction, a total of 8 vice premiers successively gave important instructions or instructions, and finally Vice Premier Gu Mu instructed: “I advocate continuing.” 

长城饭店的施工时间也延误了一年之久。

The construction time of the Great Wall Hotel was also delayed for a year. 

北京丽都饭店是与新加坡侨商罗新权合作的项目。对方按照协议在国外设计 和订购材料,花了不少美元,我方因此想告吹。罗新权没办法,写信给邓小平求助, 诉说情况。小平接信后立即批示:必须守信。当时有许多行将夭折的项目在小平 的亲自关怀和支持下救活了。

Beijing Lido Hotel is a project in cooperation with Singaporean overseas Chinese businessman Luo Xinquan. The other party spent a lot of US dollars on design and material orders abroad according to the agreement, which made our side want to back out. Luo Xinquan had no choice but to write a letter to Deng Xiaoping for help, explaining the situation. Upon receiving the letter, Xiaoping immediately instructed that promises must be kept. At that time, many projects on the verge of failure were revived with Xiaoping's personal care and support. 

李玉莺大姐说,建国饭店后来的事实,让反对者鸦雀无声,更重要的是为后来 引进外资树起了榜样。饭店1982年4月开业,当年开业当年受益,全店员工人均 创汇超过2万美元。此后,利润一年年往上翻。仅仅用了 4年时间,就连本带息全 部还清了汇丰银行2000万美元贷款。10年所创的税利等于7.6个建国饭店的 投资。

Li Yuying said that the subsequent facts of the Jianguo Hotel silenced the opposition, and more importantly, it set an example for the introduction of foreign capital later. The hotel opened in April 1982, and it made a profit in the year it opened. The per capita exchange rate for the entire hotel staff exceeded 20,000 US dollars. After that, the profit increased year by year. It took only 4 years to repay all the principal and interest of the 20 million US dollar loan from HSBC. The taxes and profits created in 10 years are equivalent to the investment in 7.6 Jianguo Hotels. 

当初的改革开放基本是两个大思路:一个是农村家庭联产承包责任制,还有一 个就是开始引进外资。“京字第一号”的建国饭店,其意义不仅是建了个饭店,而 是开启了新时期中外合资的先河,为全国各行各业引进外资树起一个鲜明的标杆。

The initial reform and opening up were basically two major ideas: one was the rural family joint production contract responsibility system, and the other was the start of introducing foreign capital. The significance of the “Jianguo Hotel”, the first of its kind in Beijing, is not just a hotel, but the pioneering of Sino-foreign joint ventures in the new era, setting a distinct benchmark for various industries across the country to introduce foreign capital. 

之后,北京长城饭店、兆龙饭店,广州白天鹅宾馆,南京金陵饭店,各地引进外 资新建饭店如雨后春笋拔地而起。

After that, hotels newly built with foreign investment sprouted up like bamboo shoots after a rain, including the Great Wall Hotel and Zhaolong Hotel in Beijing, the White Swan Hotel in Guangzhou, the Jinling Hotel in Nanjing, and others across the country. 

1988年3月,陈宣远在美国寓所渍然病逝。

In March 1988, Chen Xuanyuan passed away from illness at his residence in the United States. 

国家旅游局发了唁电。大家没有忘记这位海外赤子。是他不惧风险,开拓了 中国引进外资之路。人生一世,草木一秋。我们不知道他是否早有生命的预感,在 1979年的谈判桌上就提出“10年”这个限期,以“ 1美元”的价格把饭店股权卖给祖 国。在这个圆满的句号画上后,他オ放心地离开人世,而他为中国旅游业发展所做 的贡献,永载青史。

The CNTA sent a telegram of condolences. Let us not forget this devoted son of China from overseas. Fearless of risks, he paved the way for China to welcome foreign investment. A human life is as ephemeral as a season of growing grass or falling leaves. We can’t be sure whether he had some premonition of his life's timeline, when he proposed a ten-year limit in the negotiations of 1979, selling his hotel's equity back to his homeland for a symbolic ‘one dollar’. With this graceful conclusion, he peacefully departed from this world, his contributions to the development of China’s tourism industry forever etched in history. 

往事已成历史,但大量的记忆令我们深思:为什么当初那么多饭店的建设都需 要邓小平亲自过问、亲自批示,要总理和副总理,还有全国人大常委会副委员长批 示、画圈,才能做成?国家领导人以下的不少干部,也是职权不小的领导干部,而且 应该是具体担当职责的干部,为什么不敢担当,有的人还积极地成为阻碍者呢?仅 仅用“当时人们思想观念不解放”来描述,是否真实?


The past has become history, but a wealth of memories provoke deep reflection. Why was it that the construction of so many hotels required the personal involvement and approval of Deng Xiaoping? Why did it require the signatures and approval of the Prime Minister and Vice Prime Minister, and even the Deputy Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress to get things done? There were numerous officials below the national leaders, many of whom held significant powers and duties - why did they hesitate to take responsibility? Why did some even actively hinder progress? Is it truly accurate to describe this merely as ‘people’s mindset at the time was not liberalized enough’? 


问题恐怕不在观念陈旧,也不是不聪明,而是作为ー个人、ー个领导者,在过去 的年代中,应有的独立思考功能受损,无法创造性开展工作。


The issue likely isn't about being stuck in old ways of thinking or lacking intelligence. Instead, as individuals and leaders in those years, their capacity for independent thinking had been compromised, hindering their ability to work creatively. 


邓小平为什么那么明智、高瞻远瞩?有一个重要因素是他能够独立思考。ー 个民族,需要许许多多富有责任感且能够独立思考的人,オ可能大踏步地开展创造 性工作,オ会复兴。


Why was Deng Xiaoping so wise and far-sighted? One key factor is his ability to think independently. A nation needs a multitude of responsible individuals capable of independent thought. Only then can they stride confidently in creative endeavors, leading to a renaissance. 


3.韩克华走马上任


3. Han Kehua Took Office


1981年春,原任外交部副部长的韩克华调任国家旅游局局长兼党组书记,面 对的首要问题是“局社分家”,这是在开放实践中悟出的必要变革。此前,从国家 旅游局局领导到各司司长,经常担任“消防队”的角色,被住宿、机票等问题搞得焦 头烂额,接待任务也主要在北京,因此被戏称为“管天子脚下” 〇

In the spring of 1981, Han Kehua, previously the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, was appointed as the Director and Party Group Secretary of the CNTA. His primary challenge was the separation of administrative and business operations within the Bureau, a crucial reform conceived from experiences with openness and reform. Before this, from the leaders of the CNTA to each department head, they often had to play the role of a “fire brigade”, constantly putting out fires caused by issues with accommodations, air tickets, and the like. They were so swamped that they had little time for anything else. Most reception tasks were mainly in Beijing, thus they were jokingly referred to as those “managing the land under the emperor’s feet”.

局社分家后,国旅总社统ー经营外国旅游者来华旅游业务,实行企业化管理; 国家旅游局作为管理全国旅游事业的行政机构,不再直接经营组团和接待任务,统 ー管理全国旅游工作,就被称为“管天下” 了。

After the separation of administrative and business operations, the CITS took over the business of managing inbound tourism for foreign travelers, implementing a corporate management style. The CNTA, as the administrative body managing national tourism, no longer directly operated group tours and reception tasks. Its role transformed into overseeing national tourism affairs, which was colloquially referred to as “managing the world”. 

这是ー项难度颇大的重要改革。经一年努力,1982年7月,国家旅游总局与国 旅总社分开办公,各司其职,结束了自1964年以来长达18年的局社合一格局。8 月,中国旅行游览事业管理总局更名为中华人民共和国国家旅游局,由外交部代管 局升格为国务院直属局。

This marked a significant reform that was challenging to implement. After a year of hard work, in July 1982, the office of the CNTA and CITS, each taking on its respective duties. This ended the 18-year-long model of unified management since 1964. In August, the General Administration of China Travel and Tourism was renamed the National Tourism Administration of the People's Republic of China, upgrading from being under the purview of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to being directly subordinate to the State Council. 

从“管脚下”到“管天下”,标志着中国旅游业新的飞跃。韩克华感到肩上的担 子重了。“天下”那么多问题,从何入手?如何才能运筹帷幄,决胜千里?

The shift from “managing the land under the emperor’s feet” to “managing the world” symbolized a new leap for China’s tourism industry. Han Kehua felt the weight of the responsibility on his shoulders. With so many issues in the entire tourism sector, where should he begin? How could he strategize and achieve success on such a grand scale?

国务院提出,今后一个时期发展旅游事业的方针是:“积极发展,量カ而行,稳 步前进。”要做的事情很多,但韩克华没有料到,有一个亟待解决的问题是厕所 问题。

The State Council proposed that the future policy for tourism development should be: “To actively develop, proceed according to capacity, and advance steadily.” There were numerous tasks to handle, but what Han Kehua hadn't anticipated was that a pressing issue needing resolution was the condition of public toilets. 

今天有人说,旅游业在开放中抓了最难的两头建设,ー是冲击头脑的保守观 念,二是管了最脏的厕所卫生。当年国外媒体则批评:“中国人只讲究进口（餐 饮）,不讲究出口（厕所卫生）。”厕所的脏臭不改善,不仅直接影响旅游业发展,更直接损害礼仪之邦的文明形象。

Today, some say that in its evolution, the tourism industry tackled the two most challenging areas: shattering conservative mindsets, and managing the cleanliness of the most unsanitary places - public toilets. Foreign media at the time criticized, “Chinese people only care about importing (catering), but not exporting (toilet hygiene).” Without improving the unclean and smelly toilets, it would not only directly affect the development of the tourism industry, but also damage the civilized image of our nation, once known as a land of etiquette. 

厕所非小事。修建公厕,成为当务之急,重中之重!

Public toilets were no trivial matter. Constructing public restrooms became a priority of priorities! 

当年的旅游厕所,是个什么状况?

But what was the situation with public toilets in tourism back then? 

旱厕居多,异味明显,无人看管。许多景区厕所年久失修。有的屋顶渗漏,蛛 网盘结;有的厕门损坏,内墙剥离;有的地流黄水,难以插足。有些卫生状况好些 的,又全是蹲坑,老年外宾很不习惯,特别是胖老太太,根本蹲不下去。

The majority of toilets were pit latrines, emitting a strong stench, with no one to maintain them. Many public restrooms at tourist sites had been neglected for years. Some had leaky roofs and were filled with cobwebs, others had broken doors and peeling inner walls, while others had dirty yellow water flowing across the floor, making them practically unusable. Even the relatively clean ones were all squat toilets, which were uncomfortable for elderly foreign tourists, particularly overweight older women who found it impossible to squat. 

某些景区没有厕所,只是简陋至极的小“茅坑”,脏得简直无处踏脚,臭气冲 鼻,坑下蛆虫蠕动,硬着头皮进去方便一下,能叫你恶心半天。京旅211团菲律宾 籍的官女士在某风景点上厕所,刚进去就跳了出来,没走多远,在树下直吐。她的 丈夫气得挥舞双臂说:“再也不能来这里了。”

Certain scenic spots didn't have proper restrooms, only rudimentary pit latrines that were so filthy it was hard to find a place to step. The overwhelming smell, the sight of maggots writhing at the bottom of the pit, and the mere thought of having to use these facilities were enough to turn one's stomach. A Filipino lady from the Beijing Tour 211 group had a particularly unpleasant experience. After using a restroom at a tourist site, she rushed out and didn’t get far before she started vomiting under a tree. Her husband, furious, waved his arms around and declared, “We can never come here again.” 

在浙江某些区域,当地厕所都是“敞篷式”的,甚至建在街旁的厕所,无门无遮 挡,ー览无余,外宾望而生“羞”〇当地彼此熟悉的男女上厕所时,还挺自然地互相 说话,传递手纸。

In certain regions of Zhejiang, local toilets were of an “open-air” design, even those built beside the streets, completely exposed without doors or any form of screening. Foreign tourists blushed at the sight of such openness, while locals, familiar with one another, naturally chatted and passed toilet paper among themselves while using the facilities. 

当时有个广为流传的笑话,说ー个外国游客,好不容易凭嗅觉找到了公厕。ー 进门,只见坑槽污迹斑斑,气味刺鼻,赶紧跑出来“打的”往下榻的五星级宾馆,以 解内急。许多地方都出现不同版本、内容相似的笑谈。报刊时而冒出“公厕臭名远 扬”“如厕难于上青天”的批评文章。

A widely circulated joke at the time told of a foreign tourist who, after much difficulty, managed to locate a public toilet by its smell. Upon entering, he was greeted by a filthy pit and an overpowering stench. He hastily fled and hailed a taxi to return to his five-star hotel to relieve himself. Similar anecdotes abounded, with different versions popping up in many places. Criticisms such as “public toilets with a stinky reputation” and “going to the toilet is harder than ascending to the sky” occasionally appeared in newspapers. 

再ー个问题是公厕严重不足。这种情况在热门风景名胜区和全国重点旅游城 市尤为突出。厕所门口排队等候是许多风景区一道令人尴尬的“风景”。排队上 厕所的窘况,比排别的队难堪。

Another issue was the serious shortage of public toilets. This was especially prominent in popular scenic spots and major tourist cities nationwide. Queuing up to use the toilet became an embarrassing “sight” at many tourist sites. Queuing for the toilet was more embarrassing than queuing for anything else. 

上海冒出个新行当一“导厕”,因为在上海繁华街市找不到厕所的问题尤其 突出,游客内急找不到厕所,没有人“导”,这事不得了。七转ハ弯,带到了游客的 “向往之地”,看到的是一列长队,还得等!这时刻游客往往满头大汗,女士化的妆 也被汗水冲得容颜复杂,等啊等……经过万般着急难堪的等待,当你大气长舒走出 厕门时,方觉天下什么是幸福。

A new profession even emerged in Shanghai called a “toilet guide”, as it was especially difficult for tourists to find public restrooms in Shanghai's bustling streets. When tourists urgently needed to find a toilet and no one was there to guide them, the situation was dire. After winding their way through seven turns and eight bends, they were led to their “desired destination,” only to be met by a long queue, and they had to wait! At these moments, tourists were often sweating profusely, with ladies' makeup smeared by the sweat, forming complex patterns on their faces as they waited... After enduring all this anxiety and embarrassment, the sense of relief when you finally walked out of the restroom made you realize what true happiness felt like. 

韩克华下决心要解决厕所问题。

Han Kehua was determined to solve the toilet issue.

厕所问题并非难登大雅的话题。

Toilet issues were not an unseemly topic. 

古有欧阳修构想文章来自“马上、枕上、厕上”之说,想其厕所必是洁净如居。 康有为在《大同书》中就大谈理想之厕:“以机激水,淘荡秽气,花露喷射,花香扑 鼻,有图画神仙之迹,令人超观思玄;有音乐微妙之音,令人和平清静。”

Ouyang Xiu, a famous Chinese literati of the Song Dynasty, once said that his essays originated from three places: horseback, pillow, and toilet. It’s clear that his toilet must have been as clean as his living space. Kang Youwei, in his book “The Book of Great Harmony”, described his ideal toilet: “With mechanisms triggering water, eliminating foul air, flower dew spraying, and floral fragrance striking the nose, the sight is like the footprint of an immortal, leading people to contemplate the profound; the sound of subtle music brings peace and tranquility.” 


清末苏州人外出旅行,都要带便桶。因苏州人不习惯上厕所蹲坑,客栈又无马 桶。讲究的人还带夜壶箱,四四方方像ー只小书箱,上面刻有诗句:“诗清只为饮茶 多。”这诗句中的“诗”和“尿”,在吴方言里是同音。


In the late Qing Dynasty, people from Suzhou would carry portable toilets with them when they traveled. People from Suzhou were not accustomed to squatting in the toilet, and there were no chamber pots in the inns. Some refined individuals would even bring along a portable chamber pot box, square like a small book box, with a poem inscribed on it: “The clear poetry comes from drinking lots of tea.” In the Suzhou dialect, poetry and urine are homonyms.


厕所是人类日常生活的必备设施,也是人类社会文明进步的标志之一。法国 设有电脑厕所,发行厕所报纸。日本有“厕所节”,每年举办一次“全国公厕日”,届 时议员要亲临公厕现场办公。美国、新加坡等国定期评选“名厕”。

Toilets are an essential facility in human daily life and are also one of the signs of human societal progress. In France, there are computerized toilets and newspapers are distributed in toilets. Japan has a Toilet Festival, and there’s an annual “National Public Toilet Day”, during which lawmakers go to work in public toilets. In the United States, Singapore and other countries, there are regular competitions to elect the best toilets. 

过去厕所常被说成“茅房”“茅坑”。开放后,我们也习惯称厕所为“洗手间”

In the past, toilets were often referred to as “straw huts” or “straw pits.” After opening up, we also got used to calling toilets “washrooms" or "bathrooms.”


“卫生间” 〇国内姑娘们早就把上厕所称为“上一号”“上高楼” 〇

Girls in China have long been referring to using the toilet as “going up to No.1” or “going up to the high-rise.” 

国外对上厕所的说法更为艺术化。

Foreign expressions for using the toilet are even more artistic. 

在人民大会堂宴会间,一位绅士派头十足的英国人走到导游跟前,俯下身子耳语:“May I answer the call of the nature?"（我能去响应一下大自然的召唤吗?）

During a banquet at the Great Hall of the People, a British man full of gentlemanly charm walked up to the tour guide, leaned down and whispered, “May I answer the call of the nature?” 

一位澳大利亚人问:“Where is the hap-py-room?”（快乐的房间在哪里?）

An Australian asked, “Where is the hap-py-room?” 

你要能听懂,就会忍不住快乐地笑出声来。

If you understand these euphemisms, you can't help but laugh with joy. 

港澳同胞习惯把如厕称为“唱歌”,他们把这种说法传进国内,现在大部分导 游带团时常说:“下车有唱歌的地方,唱完歌我带你们到更美的地方去游览。”

Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macau are accustomed to referring to going to the toilet as “singing.” They brought this expression to the mainland, and now most tour guides often say when leading groups, “There is a place to ‘sing’ when you get off the bus, and after you 'finish singing', I'll take you to more beautiful places to visit.” 

当年兴致勃勃而来的中外游客,常因内急而兴致全无,内急心如焚,哪还有心 情观美景?不少游客摇头说:“中国公厕不改善,我们再也不敢来了。”

Back in the day, tourists who came full of excitement often had their enthusiasm completely extinguished by the urgency of needing a restroom. In such distress, who would be in the mood to enjoy the beautiful scenery? Many tourists shook their heads and said, “If public toilets in China do not improve, we dare not come again.” 

ー个外宾在批评信中尖刻地说:“你们中国可能有最好的大炮,但你们的厕所 像这样,你们还是得不到世界的尊重。”

One foreign visitor pointedly said in a critique letter, “You Chinese may have the best artillery, but with toilets like this, you still won't get the world's respect.” 

国家旅游局前所未有地郑重召开全国“涉外厕所会议” 〇随即分两批拨款458 万元,在长城、泰山、黄山、苏州园林等主要景区修建167座符合卫生标准的旅游地 厕所,使厕所紧缺问题有所缓解。

The CNTA solemnly convened the unprecedented nationwide “Foreign-Related Toilet Conference”. Subsequently, it allocated 4.58 million yuan in two batches to build 167 tourist toilets in major scenic spots such as the Great Wall, Mount Tai, Huangshan, and Suzhou Gardens that meet hygiene standards, alleviating the problem of toilet shortage. 

北京颐和园、天坛、碧云寺等处新建成一批卫生厕所。新建厕所有专人管理、 合乎卫生标准,厕所内设有抽水马桶、单人小便池、洗手池、梳妆镜、挂衣钩,还提供 卫生纸、香皂等,并有冬季供暖设备。

A batch of new sanitary toilets have been built in places such as Beijing's Summer Palace, Temple of Heaven, and Biyun Temple. The newly built toilets are managed by dedicated personnel and meet hygiene standards. The toilets are equipped with flush toilets, single urinals, sinks, makeup mirrors, coat hooks, and provide toilet paper, soap, etc., and have heating equipment for the winter. 

颐和园是北京热点景区之一,日游客量多达数万人次,园内26个厕所,每天游 客流量少的上千人次,多的达几千人次。保洁员已经有了一个崭新的意识:管理厕 所要像管理客房那样精心。

The Summer Palace is one of the hotspots in Beijing, with a daily tourist volume of tens of thousands of people. There are 26 toilets in the park, with a daily passenger flow of a few thousand at the least, and several thousand at most. The cleaning staff have developed a brand new understanding: managing toilets should be as meticulous as managing guest rooms. 

此后,国家旅游局采取出部分资金、地方财政配套的方式,促使各地旅游区都 开始大抓厕所建设与改造。

Afterwards, the CNTA adopted the method of allocating some funds and matching local finance to prompt tourist areas across the country to pay great attention to the construction and renovation of toilets. 

今天回头看30年前,我们确实还不知旅游业中有个多么大的世界。不懂要 学,我们毕竟已经有很大的改善。1983年1月,全国旅游系统先进集体先进工作者 表彰大会隆重开幕,这是国家旅游局召开的第一次群英会。时值隆冬,出席大会的304名代表心里都暖乎乎的,他们来自29个省、市、自治区和5个直属单位。

Looking back 30 years ago today, we really didn't know how big the world of the tourism industry was. We need to learn what we don't understand, but we have indeed made a lot of improvements. In January 1983, the grand opening of the commendation meeting for advanced collectives and advanced workers in the national tourism system took place. This was the first gathering of talents convened by the CNTA. In the midst of a severe winter, the 304 representatives attending the conference from 29 provinces, cities, autonomous regions, and 5 directly affiliated units felt warm inside. 

广东 深圳西沥水库度假村、苏州市旅游汽车公司、杭州饭店、国旅无锡支社等单位受到 表彰。在受表彰的226名先进工作者中,有翻译导游人员、服务员、厨师、汽车驾驶 员和后勤人员等。

Units such as Guangdong Shenzhen Xili Reservoir Resort, Suzhou City Tourism Automobile Company, Hangzhou Hotel, and CITS Wuxi Branch were commended. Among the 226 commended advanced workers were interpretors, tour guides, waiters, chefs, car drivers, and logistical personnel. 

同年2月,国家旅游局首次在北京举办了中国国际旅游会议。大会将使用中、 英、日、德、法、西班牙六种语言,需要安装国际电传、电话以及同声传译等设备,大 家常常忙得连吃饭的时间都没有,几个烧饼就算是午餐。这是中国旅游界与世界 旅游界首次在中国握手。

In February of the same year, the CNTA held the China International Tourism Conference in Beijing for the first time. The conference used six languages: Chinese, English, Japanese, German, French, and Spanish. International telegraphy, telephones, and simultaneous interpretation equipment needed to be installed. Everyone was often so busy that they didn't have time for meals, and a few baked buns were considered lunch. This was the first handshake between the Chinese tourism industry and the world tourism industry in China. 

来自45个国家和地区的700多名代表中,有各国旅游部长、旅游局长、民航局 长和其他高级官员,还有各国旅游协会和旅行社的负责人以及旅游记者。世界旅 游组织秘书长罗伯特・洛纳蒂参加了大会,国内有关部门和各省、市、自治区有关 方面的负责人和代表200多人也出席了会议,与会总人数超过千人。

Among the more than 700 representatives from 45 countries and regions, there were ministers of tourism, heads of tourism bureaus, heads of civil aviation bureaus, and other high-ranking officials from various countries, as well as the heads of various national tourism associations and travel agencies, and tourism journalists. Robert Lonati, Secretary-General of the World Tourism Organization, attended the conference. More than 200 representatives and officials from domestic departments and provinces, cities, and autonomous regions also attended the meeting, and the total number of participants exceeded a thousand. 

中国与世界的交往从此更加频繁。驻外办事机构从无到有,先后开设了东京、 纽约、洛杉矶、伦敦、巴黎、法兰克福、悉尼7处。至今,增加到17处。

Contact between China and the world has become more frequent since then. Foreign offices were established from scratch, successively setting up in Tokyo, New York, Los Angeles, London, Paris, Frankfurt, and Sydney, totaling seven. Now, the number has increased to seventeen. 

1986年1月,经国务院批准成立“中国旅游协会”,这是第一个全国综合性旅 游全行业组织,其英文名称为China Tourism Association( СТА) 〇

In January 1986, the China Tourism Association was established with the approval of the State Council. This was the first comprehensive national tourism industry organization, its English name being the China Tourism Association (CTA). 

但在发展过程中,旅游业出现了一些陆续冒出来的新问题,如收取回扣、索要 小费、套汇倒汇等现象开始出现。国家旅游局开始抓旅游行业的道德规范教育。 在体制改革方面,还存在许多运行不畅、管理不善的问题。要把中国旅游业搞得红 红火火,还有许多难题。

However, in the process of development, the tourism industry encountered some emerging problems, such as receiving kickbacks, demanding tips, and phenomena like foreign currency manipulation began to appear. The CNTA began to focus on moral education within the tourism industry. However, in terms of systemic reforms, there were still many problems with inefficient operations and poor management. There were still many challenges in making China's tourism industry prosperous. 


四、马超龙雀 


Chapter 4. Ma Chao Long Que 

“马超龙雀”是中国旅游业的图形标志。原形取自甘肃武威出土的东汉青铜 马。昂首扬尾,四蹄腾空,自由奔放,马的速度超过天上的龙雀。此马也是个性的 象征。旅游业由原来只有国家涉足,变为国家、地方、部门、集体、个人“五个ー起 上” 〇最关键是开放了对“个人”的限制,纠正了对“个人”长达30年的偏见,这是 思想观念开放的伟大变革。《周易》说:“挠万物者,莫疾乎风。”开放之风多又从旅 游业刮起,推动、带动相关行业风起云涌。

"Ma Chao Long Que" is the graphic symbol of China's tourism industry. The original design is based on a bronze horse unearthed from Wuwei, Gansu during the Eastern Han Dynasty. With its head raised and tail pointed upwards, its four hooves galloping in the air, it is free and unrestrained. The horse's speed surpasses the dragon sparrow in the sky. This horse is also a symbol of individuality. Tourism has transitioned from being only state-involved to “five working together”: the state, localities, departments, collectives, and individuals. The most critical change is the opening of restrictions on "individuals", correcting the prejudice against “individuals” that had lasted for 30 years. This represents a great shift in open-mindedness. The “Book of Changes” says: “Among all things that stir, none is more swift than the wind.” The wind of opening up often blows from the tourism industry, pushing and driving related industries to surge forward. 

1.花龙盘盘上紫云

1. A Purple Cloud with Winding Dragon 

1986年,“七五计划”把旅游业列在第三十七章之内,这是旅游业第一次在国 家计划中出现,旅游的产业地位首次得到确认,这是旅游产业发展的ー个重要 标志。

In 1986, the Seventh Five-Year Plan included the tourism industry in Chapter 37, marking the first appearance of the tourism industry in a national plan. The status of tourism as an industry was recognized for the first time, which was an important milestone for the development of the tourism industry. 

邓小平南方讲话,引发中国第二轮改革。中共中央、国务院《关于加快发展第 三产业的决定》进ー步明确旅游业是第三产业的重点,旅游业的产业地位进ー步 提升。

Deng Xiaoping's speeches in southern China sparked the second round of reform. The “Decision on Accelerating the Development of the Tertiary Industry” by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council further specified that tourism is a key sector within the tertiary industry, thus further raising the industry's status within the economy. 

回首新时期30年对各产业的认识,变化最大的恐怕是旅游业。早先没人知 道,旅游业每增加1人就业,可促进相关产业增加5人就业;接待一位外国游客的 创汇,相当于出口 4台电视机;且是永远的朝阳产业,是最优秀的出口产业。旅游 业不断超乎人们预料的发展,促使国家有关部门把它从接待型机构变成企业,又从 确定为旅游产业到定位为支柱产业。

Looking back at the understanding of various industries over the past 30 years in the new era, the tourism industry might have undergone the most significant changes. It was initially unknown that every new job created in the tourism industry could lead to the addition of five jobs in related industries; and that the foreign exchange income from hosting a foreign tourist was equivalent to exporting four televisions. Moreover, tourism is an ever-growing sunrise industry and an outstanding export industry. The development of the tourism industry, which constantly exceeds expectations, has prompted the relevant national departments to transition it from a reception-oriented institution to an enterprise, and to position it from merely a tourism industry to a pillar industry. 

下面这些数字有些枯燥,显示的快速发展却也一目了然。

The following numbers might seem dry, but they clearly illustrate rapid development. 

1978年全国的“入境旅游”人数180万,2007年这一数据为1.3亿人次, 是1978年的73.3倍,中国成为全球第四大入境旅游接待国。

In 1978, the number of inbound tourists nationwide was 1.8 million; this figure rose to 130 million in 2007, which was 73.3 times that of 1978. China has become the fourth largest inbound tourist receiving country globally. 

1978年中国旅游外汇收入2.62亿美元，1996年外汇收入超过100亿美 元,2007年旅游外汇收入达419亿美元,是1978年的159倍。

In 1978, China's tourism foreign exchange income was 262 million US dollars; by 1996, the foreign exchange income exceeded 10 billion US dollars; and by 2007, the tourism foreign exchange income reached 41.9 billion US dollars, which was 159 times that of 1978. 

中国旅游业在世界上的排名一路飙升。1978年中国旅游外汇收入在全 世界排名第41位,2000年跃居世界第5位,2001年加入WTO后一直保持在 世界第4位。

China's tourism industry has been soaring in the world rankings. In 1978, China's tourism foreign exchange income ranked 41st in the world, leaped to the 5th place in 2000, and has maintained the 4th place globally since joining the WTO in 2001. 

2007年全国旅游业总收入出现历史性超越,突破1万亿元。这个“脚下 的事业”,在国民经济收入中的确已占有举足轻重的地位。

In 2007, the total revenue of the national tourism industry achieved a historic breakthrough, exceeding 1 trillion yuan. This "footwork business" indeed holds a significant position in national economic income. 

中国人出境游的发展速度,有人夸张地比喻为“像过山车”动人心魄。这“动 人心魄”是不算夸张的。改革开放初,中国出国的人寥寥无几。1950年至1978 年,中国出国总人次30万。2005年一年中,中国出境人次达到3100万,是开放前 28年出境人数总和的100倍。2007年中国公民出境旅游人数已达4095万,成为 亚洲最大的出境旅游客源国,出境人数跃至世界排名第3位。这是中国综合国力、 居民生活水平提高,社会开放的直接、生动的证据。仅旅游ー项,就让世界看到中 国改革开放的成就的确不小。

The development speed of Chinese outbound tourism has been exaggeratedly described as “like a roller coaster” - thrilling and exciting. The phrase “thrilling and exciting” is not an exaggeration. At the beginning of the reform and opening-up, very few Chinese citizens traveled abroad. From 1950 to 1978, the total number of outbound travelers from China was only 300,000. However, in 2005 alone, the number of outbound Chinese travelers reached 31 million, which is 100 times the total number of outbound travelers in the 28 years before the opening-up. By 2007, the number of Chinese citizens traveling abroad had reached 40.95 million, making China the largest source country of outbound tourists in Asia and ranking third globally in terms of outbound travelers. This serves as direct and vivid evidence of China's overall national strength, improved living standards of its residents, and the country's growing openness. Just for tourism alone, the world can see that China's achievements in reform and opening up are indeed not small. 

中国出境旅游市场的发展壮大,日益增加了中国在国际社会的影响カ。“出境 旅游”成为“官方外交”的一部分,签署旅游目的地（ADS ）仪式成为ー份“国礼”,也 是谈判桌上一个有分量的筹码,为国家的外交战略、区域化合作和两岸和平统一事业做出了重要贡献。

The development and growth of China's outbound tourism market have increasingly increased China's influence in the international community. Outbound tourism has become a part of official diplomacy. The signing of the Approved Destination Status (ADS) agreement has become a kind of "state ceremony" and also a significant bargaining chip at the negotiation table. It has made important contributions to the country's foreign policy strategy, regional cooperation, and the cause of peaceful reunification across the strait. 


中国在联合国世界旅游组织的影响迅速提高。2007年,中文正式成为世界旅 游组织官方语言。中国被推举为世界旅游组织执委会成员国。

China's influence in the United Nations World Tourism Organization has rapidly increased. In 2007, Chinese officially became the official language of the World Tourism Organization. China was elected as a member country of the World Tourism Organization's Executive Council. 

2008年6月17日,中国公民赴美旅游首发团250人从北京、上海、广东三地启 程,飞往美国。这标志着中国公民赴美团队旅游正式启动。7月4日,中国大陆居 民直接赴台湾省旅游首发团启程,首批游客760余人分别从北京、上海、南京、厦 门、广州五地出发,搭乘两岸周末包机赴台。这是1949年以后,中国大陆居民首次 从大陆直接飞抵台湾省,被称为“世纪首航”“世纪圆梦之旅”,它跨越了近60年的 隔阻。

On June 17, 2008, the first group of 250 Chinese citizens departed from Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangdong, heading to the United States for tourism. This marked the official launch of Chinese citizens' group tourism to the United States. On July 4, the first group of Chinese‘s mainland residents directly traveled to Taiwan Province for tourism. Over 760 tourists from Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Xiamen, and Guangzhou departed, taking chartered flights between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait for a weekend trip to Taiwan. This is the first time since 1949 that mainland Chinese residents have directly flown to Taiwan Province, and it is called the “Century's First Flight” or the "Dream Trip of the Century," overcoming nearly 60 years of separation.

30年间,中国旅游业的总收入正以年均约12%的速度增长,高于同期国内生 产总值的平均增长率,也大大高于世界旅游业平均涨幅的速度。国外旅游同行对 中国“从俯视到仰视”。全国旅游业展现出的新景象,可以借用一句古诗来形容: “飞香走红满天春,花龙盘盘上紫云。”

During the past 30 years, the total revenue of China's tourism industry has been growing at an average annual rate of about 12%, higher than the average growth rate of the domestic gross domestic product during the same period and significantly higher than the average growth rate of the global tourism industry. Foreign counterparts in the tourism industry regard China with admiration and respect. The new landscape presented by the national tourism industry can be described using a line from an ancient poem: “Fragrance soars, redness fills the sky in spring, like a purple cloud with winding dragon.” 

2. ー业九鼎重千秋

2. Tourism's Enduring Significance 

直到今天,即使我们不再把旅游看作“享乐主义”,但旅游在ー个民族的发展 进步中,在每位“个人”的人生中,究竟占有多大的地位,仍未被充分认识。今天, 当我们获得“煮酒话当年”的良辰,还该看到旅游业的贡献远远不仅体现在经济效 益上。

Even today, even if we no longer see tourism solely as hedonism, the true significance of tourism in the development and progress of a nation and in the life of each individual is still not fully recognized. Today, as we reminisce about the past with a glass of wine, we should recognize that the contributions of the tourism industry go far beyond economic benefits. 

由于传统观念的影响,30年前,即使奉命搞旅游的人,自己也有点心虚气短。 但是,自开放以来,确实是这个让人“在休闲中玩ー玩”的行当最早引进外资,最早 中外合资,也最早经历打破“铁饭碗”,最早尝试改制……加入WT。后,旅游业对 外开放幅度更大。旅游业一路走来,一路担当着开路先锋的风险,其艰辛与业绩, 大多鲜为人知。

Due to traditional beliefs, even those tasked with promoting tourism felt somewhat uncertain and hesitant thirty years ago. However, since the opening up, it was indeed this industry that first introduced foreign investment, engaged in Sino-foreign joint ventures, and experienced the breaking of “iron rice bowls” and attempted restructuring. It also joined the World Tourism Organization. Subsequently, the tourism industry has opened up to a greater extent. Throughout its journey, the tourism industry has shouldered the risks of being a pioneer, with its hardships and achievements largely unknown to many. 

你可想过,新时期城市面貌的改变,多从建旅游饭店大厦开始。北京长城饭店 初建如“鹤立鸡群”,上海静安希尔顿、广州白天鹅……天津、西安、桂林、杭州等ー 批旅游城市都是从建涉外旅游饭店开始改观。直到今天,我们住过不少星级宾馆 了,但不一定清楚是他们冲破各种束缚,把中国大大小小的招待所变成星级宾馆, ォ使我们的城市像一座现代城市。

Have you ever considered that the transformation of urban landscapes in the new era often starts with the construction of tourist hotels and high-rise buildings? The Great Wall Hotel in Beijing stood out like a "crane among chickens," while the Hilton in Jing'an, Shanghai, and the White Swan in Guangzhou were notable landmarks. Many other tourist cities, such as Tianjin, Xi'an, Guilin, and Hangzhou, underwent transformations starting with the establishment of foreign-related tourist hotels. Even today, we have stayed in numerous star-rated hotels, but we may not always realize that it was their efforts that broke various constraints and transformed small guesthouses throughout China into star-rated hotels, making our cities resemble modern metropolises.

有了星级宾馆,仍然不够。城市的活力从哪里来?我们不能生活在钢筋水泥 的丛林中。缺少绿树、芳草、鲜花,就没有蝶飞鸟鸣。缺少上下几千年的文化风采, 也会缺少来自五洲四海的欣赏目光。国家旅游局启动创建优秀旅游城市工程,各 大城市党政主要领导亲自挂帅,“创优”工作纳入城市经济和社会发展总体格局, 许多与旅游不搭界的部门通过创优捆到ー起,“横向到边,纵向到底”,创优热潮波 及中小城市,强劲推动全国城市建设,ー个个城市神话改变着国家形象。

However, having star-rated hotels alone is not enough. Where does the vitality of a city come from? We cannot live in a concrete jungle. Without green trees, fragrant grass, and blooming flowers, there would be no butterflies fluttering or birds singing. Without the cultural splendor spanning thousands of years, we would also lack the appreciation from people all over the world. The CNTA initiated the project to create excellent tourist cities, with the top leaders of major cities personally taking charge. The "excellence" efforts were integrated into the overall framework of urban economic and social development. Many departments that were previously unrelated to tourism were brought together through this initiative, creating a cross-sector collaboration that reached all levels. This excellence trend extended to small and medium-sized cities, driving the overall construction of cities nationwide and transforming each city into a symbol of national pride. 

秦砖汉瓦,唐诗宋词。在中国,每ー块热土都有过波澜壮阔的历史乐章,每ー 种文化都有精神的故乡。遍布中国的古迹,多是旅游行业挖空心思地ー个个修复 或再造,过去被批判为“腐朽的封建主义”的东西,变成恢宏的数千年中华文明,温 情地回到了我们的山山水水,成为我们精神中辉煌的民族记忆。

From the Qin Dynasty's bricks and Han Dynasty's tiles to the poetry of the Tang and Song Dynasties, in China, every inch of land has witnessed grand historical chapters, and every culture has its spiritual homeland. The ancient sites scattered throughout China have been meticulously restored or recreated by the tourism industry, transforming what was once criticized as "decaying feudalism" into the magnificent thousands of years of Chinese civilization. They have warmly returned to our mountains, rivers, and become the glorious national memories in our hearts. 

旅游盘活的也远不只是古迹。单看艺术与旅游业“嫁接”,传统音乐、舞蹈,以 及56个民族色彩斑斓的文化在旅游中复苏与创新。凡此种种,对增强ー个国家的 文化软实カ,是沛然化雨渗透到亿万民众之中的。

The revitalization brought about by tourism is not limited to ancient relics. When we consider the fusion of art and the tourism industry, traditional music, dance, and the diverse cultures of the 56 ethnic groups experience revival and innovation within the realm of tourism. All of these endeavors enhance a country's cultural soft power, permeating through millions of people like nourishing rain. 

中国加入WTO,机遇与挑战犹如阳光和风雨同时降临。美、日、德、英、法、澳 等国的世界前十大旅游集团挺进中国,中国成为旅游企业全球化程度最高的地区 之一。改制、资产整合、企业重组、上市融资……促进中国旅游企业集团应时而出, 并促使旅游业从“各踞一方”到“连线成片”,典型如泰山、华山、恒山、嵩山、衡山, 成立“五岳联盟”。中国旅游产业集群开始走出国门。

China's accession to the WTO brought both opportunities and challenges, much like the simultaneous arrival of sunshine and rain. The world's top ten tourism conglomerates from countries such as the United States, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Australia entered China, making it one of the regions with the highest degree of globalization in the tourism industry. Restructuring, asset integration, corporate reorganization, and listing financing facilitated the emergence of Chinese tourism enterprise groups, leading the tourism industry from being fragmented to interconnected. An example of this is the establishment of the “Five Great Mountains Alliance” consisting of Mount Tai, Mount Hua, Mount Heng, Mount Song, and Mount Heng, which paved the way for Chinese tourism clusters to expand globally. 

各省市“旅游大篷车”吆喝到国外。中国大型旅游促销团赴美,在美国行程四 千多公里,沿途举行“中国之夜”演出推介会,不仅“营销”中国风情,还宣扬中国文 化。“魅力四川”倾倒巴黎,自贡市彩灯点亮多伦多,峨眉山全球卖风景,开中国景 区在外设旅游机构之先河。

Various provinces and cities in China are promoting tourism overseas like a “tourism caravan.” Large-scale tourism promotion groups from China travel to the United States, covering over 4,000 kilometers during their itinerary. Along the way, they hold "China Nights" showcasing performances and presentations, not only marketing the Chinese charm but also promoting Chinese culture. "Charming Sichuan" captivates Paris, Zigong City illuminates Toronto with colorful lanterns, and Mount Emei sells its scenery to the world, pioneering the establishment of Chinese scenic areas with tourism agencies abroad. 

“捧出古国的盛情,迎接你走进东方的锦绣,体会ー个真情的中国。不要说世 界太大,其实我们的心相距很近;不要说天涯太远,有意我们即刻就能相逢。”这是 唱响世界许多著名城市的歌。

"Offering the hospitality of an ancient country, welcoming you to experience the splendid beauty of the East, and feel the genuine affection of China. Don't say the world is too vast; in reality, our hearts are close. Don't say the end of the world is too far; with intention, we can meet instantly.” This is the song that echoes in many famous cities around the world. 

美国迈阿密市长号召市民:“请把到中国旅游立刻写在你的日程表上吧,这是 ー个人一生中一定要完成的一件事!”

The mayor of Miami, USA, called on citizens, saying, "Please immediately put traveling to China on your agenda. It is something that you must do in your lifetime!” 

2004年中国被评为全球最佳旅游目的地。中国已拥有世界文化遗产37处,中 国已从ー个旅游资源大国发展为世界旅游大国。

In 2004, China was recognized as the best global tourist destination. With 37 World Heritage Sites, China has evolved from a major tourism resource country to a world tourism powerhouse. 

把“旅馆”办到列车上,タ发朝至,节省时间和费用去旅游,火车提速促进中国 高速度发展。丰盛的“吃”,令外国游客叹息胃太小。旅游“六字真言”促进行、游、 住、食、购、娱六大经济文化领域全面发展。

Bringing "hotels" onto trains has saved time and costs for travel, and high-speed train development has facilitated China's rapid development. The abundant culinary offerings leave foreign tourists marveling at their small stomachs. The six-word mantra of tourism—travel, accommodation, dining, shopping, entertainment, and leisure—has promoted comprehensive development in the economic and cultural sectors. 

鼠标点击新旅游,网络在颠覆传统营销模式的同时,成为大众获取话语权的重 要途径。中国第一批互联网旅游企业诞生,如何通过资源共享,抑制过去的“竞 争”方式?如何通过“透明”营造信息时代的文明?诸多陌生经历在旅游界多有 “先行ー步”的体验,旅游界在为建设世界旅游强国,也为民族进步,探索新路。

With just a click of a mouse, new tourism opportunities emerge. The internet, while disrupting traditional marketing models, has become a crucial platform for the public to express their opinions and access information. The first batch of internet tourism enterprises emerged in China, focusing on resource sharing and suppressing the previous "competitive" approach. They aim to create a transparent environment in the information age. The tourism industry has often been at the forefront of new experiences, exploring new paths for building China into a global tourism powerhouse and contributing to national progress. 

世界上还没有一个产业,像旅游业这样与各国人们广泛接触,与民生休戚相 关,与百业相连,岂止是经济支柱,更养育精神,承载如此宽广的社会担当,可谓一 业九鼎重千秋。

There is no other industry in the world that has such extensive interactions with people from various countries, closely intertwined with people's livelihoods and connected to numerous sectors. It is not only an economic pillar but also nurtures the spirit and carries such a broad social responsibility. It can be said that tourism holds a significant position for ages to come. 

21世纪的书记、市长若不懂旅游,就不是合格的领导者一这已是新理念。

In the 21st century, if a secretary or mayor does not understand tourism, they are not qualified leaders. This has become a new concept and requirement.

结语:最重要的开放是思想的开放。

In Conclusion: The Most Important Openness is that of the Mind

今天看来,30年前处于十字路口的中国,正是有了开放国门的胆识和决心,才 复苏了旅游业,更迎来整个民族的新生。中国旅游业,一直是在开放中改革,在开 放中发展,在开放中创新。中国旅游业发生的巨变,是中国30年改革开放史的一 个缩影。

Looking back today, China at the crossroads 30 years ago was able to revive the tourism industry and experience a national rebirth because of the courage and determination to open its doors to the world. The Chinese tourism industry has consistently reformed, developed, and innovated through openness. The tremendous changes in the Chinese tourism industry are a microcosm of the 30-year history of reform and opening up in China. 

它贯穿着一条清晰主线,就是不断地解放思想,不断地赋予思想解放以新的内 容。因而最重要的开放是思想的开放,是人的解放和素质的提升。旅游业30年开 放发展史,实际上是一部波澜壮阔的思想解放史。

It follows a clear main theme, which is the continuous liberation of thought and the constant infusion of new content into the liberation of thought. Therefore, the most important form of openness is the openness of thought, the liberation of individuals, and the enhancement of their quality. The 30-year history of openness and development in the tourism industry is, in fact, a magnificent history of intellectual liberation. 

今天,面对国际金融危机和日益严峻的经济困境,国务院部署十大措施,以扩 大内需促经济平稳较快增长。我们还将不断听到“拉动消费”“促进消费”的声音。 人们可能认为,要是经济危机到来,大家将有过“紧日子”的思想意识,还怎么促进 消费?贫困群体又拿什么去消费?这里需要分清,“消费”和“发展消费型经济”是 两个概念。

Today, faced with the international financial crisis and increasingly severe economic challenges, the State Council has deployed ten measures to expand domestic demand and promote stable and rapid economic growth. We will continue to hear calls for boosting consumption and promoting consumerism. Some may think that during an economic crisis, people will have a mindset of tightening their belts, so how can consumption be promoted? And what will the impoverished groups have to consume? It is important to differentiate between "consumption" and "developing a consumer-driven economy." 

由于旅游业是第三产业的龙头,是典型的消费型经济、休闲经济,我们在撰写 本文中日益意识到:中国旅游业30年来以“马超龙雀”的发展速度营造出的巨大消 费市场,已然是拯救眼前经济困境的ー支宏伟力量。

As the leading sector of the tertiary industry and a typical consumer-driven and leisure economy, the tourism industry has played a crucial role in creating a vast consumer market with its rapid development over the past 30 years. We increasingly realize that this market is a magnificent force that can help overcome the current economic challenges. 

在开放的信息化时代,面对全球经济困境的挑战,中国旅游业正在谋求实现这 样的转型一从观光产业走向休闲产业。

In the open and information-driven era, facing the challenges of the global economic crisis, the Chinese tourism industry is seeking to achieve a transformation: moving from being a sightseeing industry to a leisure industry. 

就是说,从以往的参观游览型,转向生活休 闲型。

This means shifting from the previous focus on visitation and sightseeing to a focus on enhancing the quality of life and leisure experiences. 

从产业发展走向目的地提升。就是说,以往我们注重把旅游地搞起来,吸 引人来参观,今后不能满足于此,而要注重让人们身心度假,而不是跑得更累。

It also entails a shift from industry development to destination enhancement. In other words, it is not enough to simply develop tourist sites and attract visitors; the emphasis should be on providing people with opportunities for relaxation and rejuvenation, rather than exhausting them further. 

从规模时代走向质量时代。就是说,要让人在真正的“休养生息”中使人 生质量得到提升。旅游业也不只是“朝阳产业”,它对自然与人的生态保护,还是ー个可以找回蓝天的产业。

Additionally, there is a transition from the era of scale to the era of quality. Instead of solely focusing on the quantity of tourists, there is an increasing emphasis on providing high-quality experiences and services to ensure visitor satisfaction and promote sustainable tourism development The tourism industry is not just a sunrise industry; it plays a crucial role in the protection of nature and the ecology of both the environment and people. It is an industry that can help restore the clear blue skies.  

不能忽视这样的转型。在人类通过一次次“生产革命”“技术革命”营建生活 的历史上,人类觉悟到可以通过发展“休闲经济”来促进社会各业趋向平衡,这是 更高层面的可持续发展,并可望普遍地提升人类的生活质量。这无论从思想认识、 精神境界和经济形式上都是深具革命性的。


We cannot overlook this transformation. Throughout human history, marked by multiple industrial revolutions and technological advancements, humans have realized that promoting a balanced society can be achieved through the development of the leisure economy. This represents a higher level of sustainable development and holds the potential to universally improve the quality of human life. This transformation is revolutionary in terms of ideology, spiritual state, and economic form. This is deeply revolutionary in terms of ideological understanding, spiritual realm, and economic form. 


因此,“休息的革命”是个庄严的命题。它不只是对眼前全球性的经济困境而 言,它对自然与人文环境的良性塑造、对给每个普通人带来的深刻影响而言,都有 我们还想象不到的海阔天空。

Therefore, the “revolution of relaxation” is a solemn proposition. It goes beyond the current global economic challenges and holds immense potential for positively shaping the natural and cultural environment and making a profound impact on the lives of ordinary people that we can't even fully imagine. 

联合国世界旅游组织最新预测,中国到2015年将成为世界最大的旅游目的地 国家。中国旅游业至今方兴未艾,可谓“九万里风鹏正举”。

According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization, it is predicted that by 2015, China will emerge as the world’s largest tourist destination country. 

（原载《北京文学》2009年第3期）

(Originally published in “Beijing Literature”, Issue 3, 2009) 

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