Critical Review of Chinese Literature

FRI 9:45-11:15 sal. 413 Critical Review of Chinese Literature Krytyczny przeglad literatury chinskiej SIN m I (1) 30, fall 2023, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan

Please follow this link to the final paper page. Please list your topics there and start writing as soon as you get the ok by the teacher.

Session 1: Organizational Things and Self-Introduction

• 教学助理 - AKR Teaching assistant
• 维基管理员 - LML Wiki admin

Student roll (1st year Master)

1. WMF 大學老師和教育 翻譯 電腦游戲本地化
2. TXL 外交官 對亞洲、歷史感興趣，因爲瞭解到日本的歷史責任轉到對中國感興趣 喜歡讀書 23，畢業以後參加外交部的考試
3. WYX 新疆 語言政策 筆譯翻譯 喜歡文學
4. JL 中国人觉得他们的精英怎么样？ 古代和20世紀的中國人 翻譯波蘭文學翻譯成漢語，數學 數據分析
5. KMJ 在中國文學裏翻譯成中文的西方外文名稱，外語，老師
6. LML 對中國文化感興趣，外語，翻譯
7. ZYX 外語（俄語、烏克蘭語、波蘭語、漢語、英語）
8. YSY 外語（俄語、英語、漢語、波蘭語、韓文）、lgbt的詞語、語言分析
9. AHY 中國文化，文學，歷史 中國農村宗教 （武俠電影）
10. YL 动物象征，对仙侠电视剧的影响 外语（英語老師、波蘭語、漢語）以後要學韓語、泰語 西哈(Hip Hop)跳舞
11. AKR 華沙大學、中醫：氣功的發展
12. FMJ 翻譯 粵語、中國方言和文字
13. AX 從小對中國文化感興趣，要儅漢語老師 成都方言（語法）
14. WXT 中國文化和文學、喜歡看文學、相當筆譯，翻譯小説，奇幻小説（Fantasy） 中國長篇小説的兩種英文翻譯
15. AD 外語、俄語、學西班牙語 營業代表 喜歡音樂，自己創造音樂 跳舞（Dance Hall）美國和中國在天空的比賽
16. SSM

現在：文學題目

课程安排 Schedule of Literary Works (schedule, topics and presenters - please add your name)

Please write your names behind the topics

• 1 Oct 6, 2023 9:45-11:15 424 Organizational things
• 2 Oct 13 9:45-11:15 Song Poems (ci): Su Dongpo: "Trampled Green"
• 3 Oct 27 9:45-11:15 Yuan Drama (Zaju): Guan Hanqing: “The Injustice to Dou E”
• 4 Dec 1 9:45-11:15 Ming novels I (Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West) KMJ, AX
• 5 Dec 7 8:00-9:30 Ming novels II (The Scholars, Outlaws of the Marsh) YSY
• 6 Dec 8 9:45-11:15 Qing novels (Cao Xueqin: Red Chamber Dreams) FMJ
• 7 Dec 14 8:00-9:30 Late Qing dystopian literature (Liang Qichao: The Future of New China) LML, (Kang Youwei: Datong shu) WXT
• 8 Dec 15 9:45-11:15 Republican literature (Lu Xun, Guo Moruo) WYX
• 9 Jan 12 9:45-11:15 Modern literature (Underground poets, Mo Yan) AHY, （Wang Meng） SSM
• 10 Jan 26 9:45-11:15 Contemporary literature (Zhang Wei) ZYX (teacher: Han Han, Xu Zechen)
• 11 Jan 30, 2024 8:00-9:30 Web literature (excerpts live on http://qidian.com) WMF
• 12 Jan 30 9:45-11:15 Han Shaogong JL
• 13 Feb 1, 2024 8:00-9:30 Web Literature YL
• 14 Feb 1 9:45-11:15 Science fiction I (Liu Cixin: The Three Body Problem) AD
• 15 Feb 2 8:00-9:30 , Science Fiction II (Liu Cixin: The Wandering Earth) TXL
• Final Paper (homework) - new submission deadline Feb 8

Session 2: Su Dongpo - Families on a Spring Outing

和子由踏青 Go on a Spring Outing with [my little brother] Ziyou

朝代：宋朝|作者：蘇軾

春風陌上驚微塵，遊人初樂歲華新。

The spring wind surprisingly whirls small dust onto the paths

Strollers enjoy the new season for the first time,

人閑正好路旁飲，麥短未怕遊車輪。

For the idle people there are rightly prepared (?) drinks at the roadside,

the grain sprouts fearless of the wheels of the strollers' vehicles.

城中居人厭城郭，喧闐①曉出空四鄰。

The city inhabitants detest the city walls

at daybreak, the voices' and drums' noise drives out all the neighbors from the city.

歌鼓驚山草木動，簞②瓢散野烏鳶馴。

The sound of songs and drums alarm the mountains and the plants tremble,

baskets are scattered on the fields, crows and milans pick without fear.

何人聚眾稱道人？③遮道④賣符色怒嗔：

WXT: Who is he who calls himself a Taoist among the crowd gathered around him? He blocks the way and sells talismans with an angry expression.

YSY: Who’s the one that claims to be a Taoist? Everyone gathers around him as he’s blocking the pathway, selling talismans with an angry expression.

LWL: Who gathered the crowd and calls himself a Taoist? The one that is blocking the road, who sells talismans with angry expression.

YL: Who is gathering a crowd, calling himself a Taoist? Blocking the road and selling Taoist charms in anger:

AD: Who draws the crowd? The taoist, who is blocking the road and is selling talismans with an angry frown.

JL: Who is there that claims to be a Taoist, attracting everyone around to watch? I saw him blocking the road to sell talismans, blushing and boasting about them

ZYX: Who calls himself a Taoist, gathering crowds of people to watch? He is blocking the road and selling talismans with an angry expression on his face:

FMJ: Who is that person, this Taoist priest? Blocking the way and selling talismans - with an angry expression he proclaims:

AX: Who is the person who calls himself a Taoist? The crowd gathering among him covers the road. He sells talismans with an angry expression saying:

“宜蠶使汝繭如甕，宜畜使汝羊如麇。”⑤

WXT: “It should cause your silkworms to make cocoons as big as urns, it should cause your sheep to become as big as deer.”

YSY: „It will make your silkworm cocoons as big as clay jars and your sheep as meaty as deer .”

LWL: “It will cause the cocoons of your silkworms to be as big as urns, your sheep to be as big as deer.”

YL: "Suitable for silkworms, their cocoons will be like urns, suitable for livestock, it will be like elk."

AD: “It will make your silkworms build cocoons as firm as a jar and will make your sheep grow as big as a stag”

JL: “My talisman can make your domestic silkworm cocoon as big as an urn, and your sheep as round as a roe.”

ZYX: "My talisman will enable you to raise silkworms with cocoons as big as urns, and sheep as round as deer."

FMJ: „Your silkworm cocoons will be as solid as urns, your sheep will be as vital as stags.”

AX: "My talismans will provide silkworms with cocoons as large as clay jars, and sheep the size of deer."

路人未必信此語，強⑥為買服禳新春。

WXT: Passers-by may not believe in these words. Still, they reluctantly buy talismans to wear them for good luck in the New Year.

YSY: The people walking by don’t necessarily believe these words, but they reluctantly buy the talismans for good luck in the New Year anyway.

LWL: People walking by may not necessarily believe his words,but they still reluctantly buy the talismans to wear them for good luck in the New Year.

YL: Passers-by may not believe his words, but they reluctantly buy the charms to celebrate the New Year.

AD: The crowd does not really trust these words, yet they buy the talismans to pray for blessings with the New Year.

JL: People may not believe what he said, but they reluctantly bought it and wore it on their bodies just to show their good luck in the New Year.

ZYX: Passers-by on the street may not necessarily believe his words, but they reluctantly bought and wore it just for the sake of good luck in the New Year.

FMJ: The people on the streets may not believed the Taoist’s words, yet still they reluctantly bought his talismans – just to secure good fortune for this New Year.

AX: Passers-by may not be entirely convinced of the truth of the Taoist's words, but reluctantly bought his talismans in order to protect good fortune in the New Year.

道人得錢徑沽酒，醉倒自謂吾符神⑦！

WXT: The Taoist earns the money and goes directly to buy some wine. Drunk, he says to himself: “My talismans truly are effective!”

YSY: When the Taoist earns enough money from the sale, he goes and buys some wine. Drunk, he says to himself: „My talismans really are working!”

Malwina：When the Taoist earned enough money, he went straight to buy himself some wine, in a drunken state he declared himself a talisman god!

YL: After obtaining the money, the Taoist buys wine straight away, drunkenly calling himself a charm god!

AD: After collecting the money, the taoist goes straight to buy wine. He collapses drunkenly and calls himself the talisman god.

JL: When the Taoist could finally afford it, he went to buy wine and drink it by himself. After he got drunk, he ensured himself that his talismans were really spiritual.

ZYX: The Taoist earned money from the sale and went to buy wine to drink, got drunk and said to himself: "My talisman can really work!"

FMJ: When the Taoist obtained the money, he directly went to buy some wine, and then in a drunk state, he called himself the god of talismans.

AX: When the Taoist had earned enough money, he went to buy some wine. After he got drunk, proudly called himself the god of talismans!

何人聚眾稱道人？③遮道④賣符色怒嗔：

KMJ: Who in the crowd is a Taoist? The one blocking the road that sells talismans, visibly angry:

“宜蠶使汝繭如甕，宜畜使汝羊如麇。”⑤

KMJ: "It suits the silkworms - cocoons of your silkworms will be as thick as an urn, It suits the livestock, your sheep will be as big as deer."

路人未必信此語，強⑥為買服禳新春。

KMJ:Passers-by may not believe these words, yet they reluctantly buy talismans to wear them for protection from bad luck in the New Year.

道人得錢徑沽酒，醉倒自謂吾符神⑦！

KMJ: The Taoist earns the money and goes straightaway to buy some wine, Drunk, he says to himself: "My talismans are working!". 和子由踏青

AHY: Treading the green

YL：Green spring outing

朝代：宋朝|作者：苏轼

春风陌上惊微尘，游人初乐岁华新。

AHY: East wind stirs fine dust on the pathways,

fine opportunity for strollers to enjoy the new spring

YL: Eastern spring wind flutters fine dust on paths, wanderers can enjoy the first taste of the new season.

人闲正好路旁饮，麦短未怕游车轮。

AHY: Season of idleness, just right for drinking by the side of the road,

to be crushed by carriage wheels - too short is the grain,

YL: Idleness period, just in time for drinks by the roadside, even the short grain does not fear the carriage wheels.

城中居人厌城郭，喧阗①晓出空四邻。

AHY: City people detest the walls which surround them,

they bustle loudly at the break of day and leave the whole town empty,

YL: Residents of the city loathe the surrounding walls, thundering at daybreak, vacating the town.

歌鼓惊山草木动，箪②瓢散野乌鸢驯。

AHY: Songs and rhythms shake the hills, grass and trees tremble,

picnic baskets scattered in the fields where crows pick them over,

YL: Songs and drums rattle the mountains, flora trembles, baskets and ladles scattered on the fields where crows batten.

何人聚众称道人？③遮道④卖符色怒嗔：

AHY: Who is the one who draws the crowds there? A Taoist priest,

blocking the pathway, selling charms and frowning,

YL: Who is the one known as the Taoist priest gathering the crowds? Blocks the way, selling talismans and scowling:

“宜蚕使汝茧如瓮，宜畜使汝羊如麇。”⑤

AHY: "It is good for silkworms - cocoons will be just like pots of water,

it is good for livestock, your sheep will be as big as a deer",

YL: "Ideal for silkworms, your cocoons will be as urns, ideal for livestock, you sheep will be as deer."

路人未必信此语，强⑥为买服禳新春。

AHY: People passing by are not sure they believe his words,

yet they buy these charms in order to consecrate the spring,

YL: Passing people do not necessarily trust those words, yet reluctantly buy the talismans to bless the new spring.

道人得钱径沽酒，醉倒自谓吾符神⑦！

AHY: The Taoist priest takes their money, and goes to a winehouse,

completely drunk he mumbles: "The charms, they really work!"

YL: The Taoist priest takes the money, directly goes to buy the wine, and drunkenly proclaims himself a talisman god!

Hé zǐ yóu tàqīng

Cháodài: Sòngcháo | zuòzhě: Sū Shì

Chūnfēng mò shàng jīng wēichén, yóurén chū lè suìhuá xīn.

Rén xián zhènghǎo lùpáng yǐn, mài duǎn wèi pà yóu chēlún.

Chéngzhōng jū rén yàn chéngguō, xuāntián xiǎo chū kōng sìlín.

Gē gǔ jīng shān cǎomù dòng, dān piáo sàn yě wū yuān xùn.

Hérén jùzhòng chēngdào rén? Zhēdào mài fú sè nù chēn:

“Yí cán shǐ rǔ jiǎn rú wèng, yí xù shǐ rǔ yáng rú jūn.”

Lùrén wèibì xìn cǐ yǔ, qiáng wèi mǎi fú ráng xīnchūn.

Dàoren de qián jìng gūjiǔ, zuìdǎo zì wèi wú fú shén!

和子由踏青

Hé zǐ yóu tàqīng

朝代：宋朝|作者：苏轼

Cháodài: Sòngcháo | zuòzhě: Sū Shì

春风陌上惊微尘，游人初乐岁华新。

Chūnfēng mò shàng jīng wēichén, yóurén chū lè suìhuá xīn.

人闲正好路旁饮，麦短未怕游车轮。

Rén xián zhènghǎo lùpáng yǐn, mài duǎn wèi pà yóu chēlún.

城中居人厌城郭，喧阗①晓出空四邻。

Chéngzhōng jū rén yàn chéngguō, xuāntián xiǎo chū kōng sìlín.

①喧阗——形容人声、鼓声相杂。

歌鼓惊山草木动，箪②瓢散野乌鸢驯。

Gē gǔ jīng shān cǎomù dòng, dān piáo sàn yě wū yuān xùn.

②箪，食器；瓢，炊具。这句形容郊游的人有许多在那儿野餐，乌鸢也来捡食，并不避人。

何人聚众称道人？③遮道④卖符色怒嗔：

Hérén jùzhòng chēngdào rén? Zhēdào mài fú sè nù chēn:

③何人聚众称道人 这句是倒装句，意思是说：那称道人的是什么人，众人都聚观他。

④遮道——拦路。

“宜蚕使汝茧如瓮，宜畜使汝羊如麇。”⑤

“Yí cán shǐ rǔ jiǎn rú wèng, yí xù shǐ rǔ yáng rú jūn.”

⑤瓮——瓦坛子。麇（jūn）——野獐子。这两句是说道人吹嘘他的符十分灵验；能使你的蚕茧像坛子那样粗大，羊饲得像獐子那样肥、那样健、那样活泼。

路人未必信此语，强⑥为买服禳新春。

Lùrén wèibì xìn cǐ yǔ, qiáng wèi mǎi fú ráng xīnchūn.

⑥强——勉强。服——佩带在身上。禳——祈福除灾。

道人得钱径沽酒，醉倒自谓吾符神⑦！

Dàoren de qián jìng gūjiǔ, zuìdǎo zì wèi wú fú shén!

⑦神——灵验。这句是说道人自己相信自己的符，颇有骗钱买酒的“灵验”。

此诗为公元1063年（嘉祐八年）正月苏轼在凤翔所作。苏轼弟苏辙时在京师侍父，当看到北方新年之初的异域风俗，不由想起了家乡眉山岁首乡俗，便写下了《踏青》、《蚕市》诗二首。苏轼应弟之作也和诗二首。这是其中之一。 此诗描写了苏轼青少年时在家乡新春之际，与家人及“城中居人”游春踏青的盛况，具有浓郁的乡情。后四句刻化了一位骗钱道人的生动形象，增添了郊游的喜庆气氛。故乡的风俗民情令人倍感亲切，耐人回味。

译文：东风微排的田间小路上惊起了微尘，游人们开始来到野外感受春天的喜悦与温馨。人们难得清闲，正好停车在路旁小饮，麦苗短而柔韧，不怕那辗轧过来的车轮。城里人厌倦了高高的城墙，向往着郊外的景致，许多人家一大早就爬起来，用腾腾地涌出城来踏青。鼓乐声惊醒了冬眠的山岭，草木在欢歌笑语中摇动。野餐用的箪瓢遍野都是，前来捡食的乌鸢像列养熟了一样全不避人。那边是个什么人在自称道人，引得众人都来围观？ 只见他挡在路上卖符，脸红脖子粗地夸说它是多么灵：我这符能使你家养蚕结茧似瓮大，养羊如獐圆滚滚。路上的人未必就信他的话，只是为了图个新春吉利，才勉强买下佩带在身。道人卖得了钱就径自去买酒喝，醉倒后还自言自语说我这符可真灵。

Su Dongpo / Su Shi:

Trampled green

East wind whirls fine dust onto the streets:

First possibility for walkers,

to enjoy the new spring.

Season of idleness, just right

for refreshment at the roadside

The grain is still too short,

to be crushed by agricultural machinery.

City people sick through the walls around them.

Noisy start at daybreak,

leaving the whole city empty.

Songs and rhythms measure the hills,

Grass and trees shake,

Picnic baskets scattered in the fields,

where crows peck them out.

Su Shi: Trampled Green

Session 3: Oct 27 9:45-11:15 Yuan Drama (Zaju)

Original Text: Guan Hanqing: “The Injustice to Dou E”

See also the Reader.

Session 4: Ming novels I

Dec 1 9:45-11:15 Ming novels I (Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West)

Journey to the West

Presentation and homework Journey to the West by KMJ

The novel is extremely popular among children in Asia. This novel is one of the 4 Outstanding Novels 四大名著, and especially in Japan and Korea a best seller, next to the Three Kingdoms. The novel "Red Chamber Dreams" is more popular in Europe. One of the reasons may be, that the novel has animal characters and especially animals which are not so famous like monkeys and pigs.

The historical background of the novel is that from the 1st Century AD buddhism came to China. In Tang Dynasty, Buddhist religion flourished in China and among the first monks who travelled from China to India to collect Buddhist scriptures was 玄奘 Xuánzàng (600-664) n. 〈hist.〉 Budd. priest, also known as San Zang or Tripitaka. He visited India 629-645 and returned with many Buddhist scriptures, so called "sutra". The novel uses this historical setting, but one of the legendary accompaniers, Sun Wukong, the monkey king, becomes the new protagonist.

Three Kingdoms

Presentation and homework Romance of the Three Kingdoms by AX

Explanations to prepare ppt and texts:

Every student preparing a topic in class is asked to find the original Chinese text (they are all available on the internet), create a link under the respective session with a second page (the wiki admin can help with it), copy the full text there (if the text is too long, you will have to be split it in several websites (the wiki admin can help) or you simply select only extracts from it which you find worth reading. Please also select a part of the text, which the wiki admin can split again into small sections, each student only needs to read a small section and write a short summary in English beneath (as you know from the Yuan zaju). The Wiki admin then makes another link from the course homepage to the homework section of the text.

The presentations should be in powerpoint format, be uploaded to the course website in advance and should introduce the text, embed it in its social-historical context including relevant information about the author etc. You should also take some examples from the text and explain them, so that the fellow students understand your approach to the text. This presentation can be about 15 minutes. I will continue to present the text after the powerpoint, but the student should stay in front in order to develop the teaching sometimes in dialogue form. For the 2nd part of the class, the presenting student should prepare something interactive, e.g. hand out paper sheets with short texts and ask fellow students to enact the story with the help of the paper sheets. You should also use mentimeter.com to make a short survey or get feedback etc.

You cannot read so many books in just a few days. Don't forget that you still have other courses and homework. So please just provide summaries to read for the students and small extracts which the students should actually read to get an impression of the original text.

Every student should do a presentation. If there are less sessions than students, two students will have to present in the same session. However, every student should still have his/her own topic. In some sessions, there are more works in one session, and then two students can pick one work each.

There are not many sessions covered with the Reader. You will have to look for most of the texts online, but they are easy to find.

Grades for translaltion homework "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" text

• WMF
• TXL
• WYX
• JL (+100)
• KMJ
• ZYX
• YSY
• AHY (+100)
• YL
• FMJ
• AX (+100)
• WXT (+100)
• AD
• SSM
• ABE (+100)

Grades for translation homework - "The Journey to the West" text

• WMF
• TXL
• WYX
• JL (+100)
• KMJ (+100)
• ZYX
• YSY
• AHY
• YL
• FMJ
• AX (+100)
• WXT (+100)
• AD
• SSM
• ABE (+100)

Session 5: Ming novels II

Dec 7 8:00-9:30 (This is session no. 5 Ming novels II (Outlaws of the Marsh, The Scholars) YSY

Outlaws of the Marsh

Dec 7, 2023, 8:00-9:30, room 413

Presentation and homework Outlaws of the Marsh by YSY

Outlaws of the Marsh is a long heroic legend and it is one of the long masterpieces in ancient China. The story is created on the basis of Song Jiang uprising as the clue. The novel is one of the classical long vernacular novels loved mostly by Chinese. It is written in the Ming Dynasty. On the basis of stories, colloquial stories and dramas about the Marsh since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the author processed stories and created the novel. The book takes the peasant uprising led by Song Jiang as the main subject and presents an artistic reproduction of moving and tragic picture of ancient Chinese fighting against oppression to carry out heroic struggles. It fully exposes corruption and brutality of the feudal ruling class, revealing sharp and opposing social conflicts and the cruel reality that "people are forced to rebel by officials ".

Grades for translation homework - "Outlaws of the Marsh" text

• WMF (+100)
• TXL
• WYX (+100)
• JL
• KMJ
• ZYX (+100)
• YSY (+100)
• AHY (+100)
• YL (+100)
• FMJ
• AX
• WXT (+100)
• AD (+100)
• SSM (+100)
• LML (+100)
• AKR (+100)

The Scholars

儒林外史 Inofficial History of Confucian Scholars

Session 6: Qing novel I

Dec 8 9:45-11:15 Qing novel I (Cao Xueqin: Red Chamber Dreams I) FMJ

See Reader.

Dream of the Red Chamber

Presentation and homework Dream of the Red Chamber by FMJ

Short introduction: "Dream of the Red Chamber" is one of the most important classical novels in the history of Chinese literature (one of the 四大著名). It was written in the 18th century (during the reign of the Qing dynasty) by Cao Xueqin. The author's approach shattered conventions in traditional Chinese fiction, setting a new standard for literary expression, as the characters created by him, are neither fully good nor fully bad. The whole number of characters that appeared in the novel is almost 400 (with 40 major characters). The main plot of this book is focused on 贾宝玉 and his affection towards 林黛玉, however, we can not overlook the fact that it also presents a detailed portrayal of Chinese culture and Chinese society during that time.

Grades for translation homework - "Dream of the Red Chamber" text

• WMF (+100)
• TXL
• WYX (+100)
• JL
• KMJ
• ZYX (+100)
• YSY (+100)
• AHY (+100)
• YL
• FMJ (+100)
• AX
• WXT (+100)
• AD (+100)
• SSM
• LML (+100)
• AKR (+100)

Session 7: Dec 14 8:00-9:30 Dystopian literature

• 7 Dec 14 8:00-9:30 Late Qing dystopian literature

1. Liang Qichao: The Future of New China LML
2. Kang Youwei: Datong shu WXT

The Book of Great Unity

Presentation and homework: Datong Shu by Wiktoria 王晓彤

Short introduction: In the early twentieth century, the great Chinese thinker and reformer Kang Youwei wrote a book entitled Datong shu (The Book of Great Unity) in which he put forward an original and radical interpretation of “datong”. The book describes the long march of mankind from division to unity, while defying any strict categorization. It describes the “world of tomorrow” with its technological, political, and social wonders, it also includes significant pieces of historical, political, religious, and scientific literature dealing with the past and the present.

The Future of New China

Presentation and homework:

The Future of New China ૮ ・ﻌ・ა by LML

The Future of New China is a political novel by Liang Qichao. The novel was published in the year 1902 and predicts the prosperity of the "New China" 60 years later. One of the main characters Huang Keqiang (黃興) advocates a constitutional monarchy, and on the other hand, his son Li Laijie (李去病) advocates a french-style revolution. The two sides engage in a heated debate!

Teacher information: Liang Qichao

Liang Qichao, An account of the Future of New China, 1902

Liang Qichao, offered an alternative reading of the stages China would take on the road to Great Harmony in an unfinished work on the future, composed in 1902, entitled An Account of the Future of New China (Liang, 1902). The centrepiece of the story is a series of speeches on 'China's History these Sixty Years Past' delivered to an international assembly in Shanghai, 'on the first day of the first month in the Year of Confucius 2513 ... or 1962 on the Western calendar'. The fictional speaker was Kong Juemin, a descendant of Confucius (Kong) whose given name (Juemin) meant 'awaken the people'. The fictional occasion was the 50th anniversary of the birth of New China, an anniversary that fortuitously marked the founding of the International Peace Congress in 1962 following the 'Hungarian Conference' some years before. The event marked the birth of Great Harmony on earth.

By Liang's account, world leaders selected New China to host the launch of the new international body in recognition of that country's role in planning and creating the new global order. Leaders and dignitaries from all major countries gathered in China in January 1962 to attend the two ceremonies, one commemorating the achievements of New China and the other the birth of the new global order. Visiting dignitaries included the King and Queen of Britain, the Emperor and Empress of Japan, and the Presidents (take note: "presidents" predicts Liang) of Russia, Hungary and the Philippines. Lesser dignatories, including religious leaders of all persuasions ('this is known as Great Harmony') met in Shanghai along with thousands of scholars and tens of thousands of university students from around the globe (Liang, 1902: 2-3).

Among the men and women who crowded into Kong's lectures on the history of the past 60 years were 1000 foreigners, all fluent in Chinese. Since the start of the reform era, the author points out, thousands of American and European students had come to learn the language in order to keep up with developments in China. By 1962, some 30,000 foreign students were enrolled in local universities and colleges. Most preferred to stay in China. To the time in question (1962) fewer than 1200 students had returned to their home countries to work. The West had a serious brain-drain problem on its hands.

Kong began his lectures reflecting on the qualities that had made China a great power, specifically patriotism, selflessness and democracy. China succeeded because its people had learned to put their country before themselves (Liang, 1902: 5). This marked a radical break with 'Old China': 'Our China died long ago ... in fact this is the point [of departure] for the continuation of New China'. By 1962, China had become a liberal democracy with three major parties competing for ascendancy: a centralist State Power Party (guoquandang), a decentralist Patriotic Self-Government Party (Aiguo zizhidang) and a party committed to the well-being of the individual, the Liberal Party (ziyoudang). Each of these parties had its origins in an earlier Constitutional Party (xianzhengdang), founded in 1902, consisting of a grand alliance of all existing reformist, revolutionary and secret society organisations which combined forces to introduce constitutional government to China. Three core principles governed the organisation of this seminal political alliance: first, that the choice of a monarchical, republican or federalist constitution should be determined by public plebiscite. That is to say, all members' agreed to implement constitutional rule according to the wishes of the people, irrespective of their differences over the form that the constitution should take.

Second, the party's rules and procedures for dealing with internal matters should reflect those that an enlightened government would employ in governing a country. Third, party membership was open to all who shared the constitutional aims of the party, and conferred equality on members regardless of their social status, profession or gender (Liang, 1902: 7-8).

This brief narrative history of New China to 1962 occupies only a small part of Kong Juemin's talks. By far the longest section of the lectures is devoted to a verbatim account of an old debate between two founding members of the Constitutional Party about China's future. One was Huang Keqiang, son of a noted Cantonese scholar. Old Mr Huang despatched his son and another student, Li Yunbing, to Britain to study English and learn the ways of the West. He prepared them for their departure by exposing them to the works of Kang Youwei (Liang Qichao's own teacher, and the author of Great Harmony Philosophy, 1902 [1935]), and by introducing them to Tan Sitong, who was just completing his Renxue (1896, noted above). They were among the first to read the work.

On reaching England they gained entry to Oxford. They graduated around the time of the 'Hundred Days Reform', in 1898, an actual historical event associated with Kang Youwei and Tan Sitong and a party of their supporters and students, including the author of the story himself, Liang Qichao.

The tragic outcome of the reforms forced the two students to delay their return to China.

Their return was precipitated by the discovery that the universal truths they had been seeking in Europe were compromised by the Europeans themselves.

The prevailing mood in Europe soured against China around the time of the Boxer Uprising in 1900. The two young men observed that Kaiser Wilhelm II, author of the Yellow Peril scare, now 'said many things that were not in keeping with human morality' and that the German press resorted to terms such as 'pigtails' and 'yellow monkeys' in referring to the Chinese people. This encounter with racism in Europe inaugurates their journey home, and launches them into their dialogue on the future of China (Liang 1902: 17).

'Which country will be China's future master?', they ask on their journey home. And what of the 'future of New China'? Their disagreements centre on what was to be done to ensure that the Chinese people achieved mastery over their own national destiny - Huang arguing that the best solution lay in working with the present Manchu court, and Li that the Manchu court was part of the problem. Their contrasting positions reflected the reformist and revolutionary positions of the day. Liang Qichao gave each side a fair hearing over 25 pages of his 40-page story but came down strongly on the side of the reformers who wished to preserve the Manchu Dynasty under a form of constitutional rule. On the question of how to involve China's 'four hundred million citizens' in the struggle they were in basic agreement. Both conceded that the majority of the Chinese people were 'asleep, living in dreams' [emphasis added], and that it was the responsibility of the awakened few such as themselves ('people who already know') to wake them up.

Original

Liang Qichao (1902 [1936]) 梁啓超 Liang Qichao, 新中國未來記 An account of the Future of New China, 1902, in Liang Qichao, Yinbingshi zhuanji [Monographs from the Ice Drinker's Studio]. Shanghai: Zhonghua shuju.

English summary

John Fitzgerald, The Unfinished History of China's Future, in: Thesis Eleven 1999 57:17, here pp. 21-23, http://the.sagepub.com/content/57/1/17

Foreword to the Publication of Political Novels in Translation

Liang Qichao

The genre of political novel originated in the West. It is human nature to dread the solemn and to take delight in the humorous. Hence, classical music puts us to sleep, whereas songs of the States of Zheng and Wei cause us to lose ourselves in lewdness and become oblivious to our fatigue. This is indeed a characteristic trait of human nature, and even the sages could not tamper with it. A.good teacher should guide his pupil in the direction that his temperament will naturally proceed. Thus, he sometimes resorts to subtle humour and sometimes uses parables to convey his meanings. Mencius, for instance, draws an analogy between King Xuan of Qi and the ancient wise men who were fond of wealth and women as banter to conceal his [p. 72] subtle remonstrations. and Qu Yuan compares the King of Chu to a beautiful lady and fragrant plants to express his loyalty to and love for the state of Chu. These two works in many ways yield a greater impact than solemn discourses and imposing argumentation; they should not be snubbed merely because they lack a satirical and tendentious edge. Although Chinese fiction is included in the nine schools of literature and philosophy, very few good works have been written since the time of Yu Chu. Stories about heroes are all patterned after The Water Margin, whereas those about love imitate The Dream of the Red Chamber. Taken as a whole, Chinese novels invariably teach us either robbery or lust. Lost in a vicious circle, the novelists are unable to rise above the quagmire. For this reason, knowledgeable men often scorn the mere mention of fiction. However, as human nature detests the solemn and finds delight in the humorous, even serious pedagogues read The Dream of the Red Chamber and talk about The Water Margin during their spare time. Works of fiction are, in the end, very difficult to ban. Instead of banning the reading of fiction, then, would it not be much better to allow people to follow their natural inclinations and guide them accordingly? There is indeed a great deal of truth in Mr. Kang Youwei's observation that people with low levels of literacy will often stay away from the classics but cannot do without fiction. Fiction should therefore seek to teach where the Six Classics have failed to teach, to convey lessons where the official histories have failed to convey, to illuminatewhere the recorded sayings are unable to illuminate, and to govern where laws have failed. In the world, experienced men are few, and the ignorant are innumerable; those well-versed in literature are few, and those who can barely read legion. The Six Classics are indeed elegant, but if they are not read and understood, they are just pearls cast before swine.

[p. 73]

A story goes that Confucius once lost his horse. His disciple Zi Gong failed in retrieving the horse, whereas the man who had reared the horse succeeded in recovering it. Does this mean that Zi Gong was intellectually inferior to the horseman? Things are grouped according to their kind and men according to their class. If the giant Dragon Earl spoke in his language to the dwarf of the Jiaoyao of Kingdom, he would not be understood. Now there are few people in China who can read, and those who are well versed in literature are even rarer. In view of this, fiction could be added to increase the numerical classifications of writing from seven to eight, or appended to the four bibliographic categories as a fifth component.

When the Reformation was first launched in the countries of Europe, men of great learning and dedicated scholars would often use fiction as a vehicle to record their political views. Serious pedagogues would read and discuss these works during their leisure. Novels were read and discussed by soldiers, merchants, peasants, artisans, cabmen, grooms, women, and young children. A newly published book could often influence and change the views and arguments of the whole nation. Indeed, political novels should be given the highest credit for being instrumental in the steady progress made in the political sphere in America, England, Germany, France, Austria, Italy, and Japan. A celebrated scholar in England once remarked that fiction is the soul of the people. How true! How true! It is precisely for this reason that we are now specially selecting works by celebrated foreign scholars that are relevant to the current situation in China and then translating and publishing them by installment in this newspaper. In so doing, we hope to make them accessible to our compatriots.

Translated by Gek Nai Cheng

Notes Liang Qichao "Yi yinzhengzhi xiaoshuo xu" [chin. characters] Qingyi bao [chin. characters] (1898); reprinted in ZGJDWLX 1:155-56. This essay was a "foreword to a projected series of political novels to be translated into Chinese and published in Liang s journal Qing yi bao (The China discussion).

Mencius, 1B.5. In a reply to King Xuan of Qi [chin. characters], who gives as excuses for not implementing the kingly government his weaknesses for wealth and women, Mencius cites the examples of Duke Liu [chin. characters], who was fond of wealth, and King Tai of Zhou [chin. characters], who was fond of women. Despite their weaknesses these two men could still practice kingly government. Hence Mencius admonishes King Xuanof Qi that if only he could give the people power to gratify the same feelings, there would be no difficulty in attaining the royal power.

According to the Bibliographic Section in Han shu [chin. characters], compiled by Ban Gu [chin. characters], there are ten schools of literature and philosophy (Confucian, Daoist, J?ivination, Legalist, Logician, Mohist, olitics, Miscellaneous, Agriculture, and Xiaoshuo [chin. characters]), although "only nine of them are worth reading" (qi keguanzhe jiu iia eryi; [chin. characters]). Fiction, thert,was not included in the nine schools.

According to the Bibliographic Section in Han shu, Yu Chu [chin. characters] (ca. 104 B.C.) compi1ed Zhou shuo [chin. characters]. (Tales of the Zhou dynasty) , a work in the tradition of Shal1 hai jing [chin. characters] and Mu tianzi zhuan [chin. characters]. The work is no longer extant.

Qilüe 七略 are the seven classifications of writing as compiled by Liu Xin 劉歆 (ca. 46 B.C. - A.D. 23) in he Han dynasty around 7 B.C. They are classics, arts, philosophy, poetry, divination and numerics, medicine and surgery. '.

Sibu 四部 are the four bibliographic classifications of classics, history, philosophy, an literature, devised by Xun Xu 荀勖 (d. AD. 289) to categorize all books.

Session 8: Republican literature I

• 8 Dec 15 9:45-11:15 Republican literature (Lu Xun, Guo Moruo) WYX

Presentation and homework A Madman's Diary by WYX

Grades for translation homework - Republican literature I

• WMF
• TXL
• WYX
• JL
• KMJ
• ZYX
• YSY
• AHY
• YL
• FMJ
• AX
• WXT
• AD
• SSM
• LML
• AKR

Grades for translation homework - Republican literature

• WMF

Session 9: Modern literature

• 9, Jan 12 9:45-11:15 Modern literature

Presentation and homework

1. Underground poets, Mo Yan, Mo Yan ppt by AHY
2. Wang Meng Wang Meng ppt SSM

Grades for translation homework - Modern literature

• WMF
• TXL
• WYX
• JL
• KMJ
• ZYX
• YSY
• AHY
• YL
• FMJ
• AX
• WXT
• AD
• SSM
• LML
• AKR

Session 10: Thursday Jan 26 9:45-11:15 Contemporary literature (Zhang Wei: The ancient ship) ZYX (teacher: Han Han, Xu Zechen)

Presentation and homework: The Ancient Ship by ZYX

Short introduction: Zhang Wei's novel “The Ancient Ship” is set during the first forty years after the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The main events of the novel take place with three generations of the Sui, Zhao and Li families living in the fictional city of Wali in Shandong province, who face the major campaigns from the late 1940s to the 1980s, beginning with the land reform and ending with the Cultural Revolution. The author, with the help of the characters in his story "The Ancient Ship", reveals to readers the circumstances in which people lived at that time, helping to provide a glimpse into the history of China during those days. The main setting is an old noodle factory, which has always been in the hands of one Sui family but has now been taken over by Zhao Duoduo, leading to a confrontation between Sui Jiansu and Zhao Duoduo. In addition, in the novel, the author describes to us the hard fates of the characters, as well as the idea that it is impossible to escape from paying for the atrocities, which of course leads to a terrible ending. Furthermore, one of the main themes of the novel is a person's moral values and how fragile they are when inhibitions are removed and a person's cruel side can be revealed.

Grades for translation homework - Contemporary literature I

• WMF
• TXL
• WYX
• JL
• KMJ
• ZYX
• YSY
• AHY
• YL
• FMJ
• AX
• WXT
• AD
• SSM
• LML
• AKR

Session 11 Jan 30, 2024 8:00-9:30 Web literature (excerpts live on http://qidian.com) WMF

You can find the homework two sessions below.

Session 12: 12 Jan 30 9:45-11:15 Han Shaogong: Maqiao Cidian, presented by JL

Presentation and homework: Maqiao Cidian by JL

Short introduction: From the daring imagination of one of China’s greatest living novelists comes a work of startling power and originality–the story of a young man “displaced” to a small village in rural China during the 1960s. Told in the format of a dictionary, with a series of vignettes disguised as entries, A Dictionary of Maqiao is a novel of bold invention–and a fascinating, comic, deeply moving journey through the dark heart of the Cultural Revolution. Entries trace the wisdom and absurdities of Maqiao: the petty squabbles, family grudges, poverty, infidelities, fantasies, lunatics, bullies, superstitions, and especially the odd logic in their use of language–where the word for “beginning” is the same as the word for “end”; “little big brother” means older sister; to be “scientific” means to be lazy; and “streetsickness” is a disease afflicting villagers visiting urban areas. Filled with colorful characters–from a weeping ox to a man so poisonous that snakes die when they bite him–A Dictionary of Maqiao is both an important work of Chinese literature and a probing inquiry into the extraordinary power of language.

Grades for translation homework - Contemporary literature II

• WMF
• TXL
• WYX
• JL
• KMJ
• ZYX
• YSY
• AHY
• YL
• FMJ
• AX
• WXT
• AD
• SSM
• LML
• AKR

Session 13: Feb 1, 2024 8:00-9:30 Web Literature 晏黎 YL, (excerpts live on http://qidian.com) WMF

Presentation and homework: The Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation by YL

Short introduction:The Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation is a web novel written by an anonymous writer with an alias MoXiang TongXiu. It is a fantasy historical novel with many plot lines and twists. It focuses on the story of the main character, Wei Wuxian, who after experiencing war, torture and loss begins his journey with the new cultivation method for which he was in the end killed. The story is divided into two parts: Wei Wuxian’s first and second life. The first one is focused on main character’s journey through moral dilemmas while facing an enemy. This storyline occurs when the main characters are still learning the ways of Cultivation as teenagers, and focuses on the Wen Sect growing in power and trying to control/dominate the other Sects. The second part which occurs after his reincarnation, 16 years after his death, shows the main character (after his reincarnation) along with his partner, Lan Wangji, solving a case of mysterious murder and uncovering sudden political and internal schemes. The novel is quite complex thanks to the huge amount of characters and plotlines, moral dilemmas and compelling villains.

Presentation and homework: I am this type of woman by WMF

Session 14 Feb 1 9:45-11:15 Science fiction I (Liu Cixin: The Three Body Problem, The Wandering Earth) AD

LINK TO THE PRESENTATION: https://www.canva.com/design/DAF60pzIAP4/vmQpzuhp-UiQi7Z-j1tmgg/view?utm_content=DAF60pzIAP4&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link&utm_source=editor

Text for translation and homework : [[1]] by AD

Introduction: "The Three-Body Problem" is a science fiction novel by Chinese author Liu Cixin, first published in 2008. It's the first book in the Remembrance of Earth's Past trilogy. The story begins during China's Cultural Revolution, when a young astrophysicist, disturbed by the humanity's capacity for destruction, sends a message into space, inviting alien civilizations to intervene and take over Earth. Centuries later, the narrative shifts to present-day China, where scientist Wang Miao is recruited to investigate a series of inexplicable deaths among physicists. His investigations lead him to a virtual reality game called "Three Body," which is deeply intertwined with the mystery of the deaths and a global conspiracy.

👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽

Session 14: Friday Feb 2 9:45-11:15 Science Fiction II, presented by 田小龙

Presentation (Yu Hua's literature) and homework China in ten words by TXL

Syllabus

Krytyczny przegląd literatury chińskiej

Educational subject description sheet

Basic information

<tbody> </tbody>

Field of study Sinologia Speciality - Department Faculty of Modern Languages and Literatures Study level Second-cycle programme Study form Full-time Education profile General academic	Didactic cycle 2023/24 Subject code 09SNLS.21K.05754.23 Lecture languages Chinese Mandatory Obligatory Block Major subjects
Subject coordinator	Kamil Burkiewicz
Lecturer	Kamil Burkiewicz

Period

Semester 1

Activities and hours

• Conversatory classes: 30, Graded credit

ECTS points

3
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_002.png" width="682" height="1">
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_003.png" width="681" height="55">

1 / 5

Goals

<tbody> </tbody>

Code	Goal
C1	The course aims to let students get an overview and understand certain characteristics of Chinese literature from 2,500 years ago until today by reading prominent examples and increasing reading ability in Chinese as a Foreign Language.
C2	The selection of works aims at displaying the continuity and development over 2,500 years and showing the great variety of genres, styles and forms.
C3	The course aims to let students understand research methods, compare literary works, learn the relevant terminology, understand challenges and topics of Chinese civilization, are able to trace back cultural roots of contemporary phenomena/beliefs, appreciate the work of experts in the field, critically evaluate their knowledge and update it.

Entry requirements

Chinese level of at least B2 of the European Framework of References for Languages (CEFR).

Subject's learning outcomes

<tbody> </tbody>

Code	Outcomes in terms of	Learning outcomes	Examination methods
Knowledge – Student:
W1	has a wide knowledge of Chinese literature from classical to modern	SNL_K2_W02, SNL_K2_W05	Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia presentation
W2	knows the theories and research methodology in the field of sinology in relation to literary studies	SNL_K2_W03	Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia presentation
W3	knows selected issues of comparative literature against the background of the ongoing processes of cultural exchange and globalization	SNL_K2_W04	Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia presentation
W4	knows the rich terminology in the field of sinology in the field of literary studies	SNL_K2_W05	Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia presentation
W5	knows and understand deeply the fundamental dilemmas and challenges of contemporary civilization related to the literature of East Asia/China	SNL_K2_W08	Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia presentation
Skills – Student:
U1	formulates and tests hypotheses related to simple research problems and tasks, as well as communicate their observations	SNL_K2_U01	Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia presentation
Social competences – Student:
K1	is ready to critically evaluate the acquired knowledge of Chinese literature and to constantly update it	SNL_K2_K01	Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia presentation
K2	is ready to deeply appreciate the importance of specialist knowledge in solving cognitive problems related to multiculturalism and intercultural communication	SNL_K2_K02	Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia presentation

<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_004.png" width="682" height="1">

2 / 5

<tbody> </tbody>

K3

is ready to critically consult problems that he/she is unable to solve on his/her own with experts in relevant scientific fields and to actively cooperate with them in search of appropriate solutions

SNL_K2_K03

Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia presentation

Study content

<tbody> </tbody>

No.	Course content	Subject's learning outcomes	Activities
1.	Song Poetry	W1, W2, W4, U1, K3	Conversatory classes
2.	Yuan Drama	W1, K3	Conversatory classes
3.	Ming Novels	W1, U1, K3	Conversatory classes
4.	Qing novels	W1, K3	Conversatory classes
5.	Late Qing literature	W1, K2, K3	Conversatory classes
6.	Republican literature	W1, W2, W3, W4, U1, K1	Conversatory classes
7.	Modern literature	W1, W2, W4, W5	Conversatory classes
8.	Contemporary literature	W1, W4, W5, K1	Conversatory classes
9.	Web literature	W1, W4, W5, K1	Conversatory classes
10.	Science fiction	W1, W5, K2	Conversatory classes

Course advanced

<tbody> </tbody>

Activities	Teaching and learning methods and activities
Conversatory classes	Conversation lecture, Discussion, Work with text, Problem-based learning, Work in groups, Creative writing and reviewing fellow students' work

<tbody> </tbody>

Activities	Credit conditions
Conversatory classes	Students are required to prepare for each class, including preliminary reading of indicated texts and checking of new words. The completion of this obligation will be checked through online multiple-choice tests. Each student will prepare one short oral presentation. The semester essay should contain at least 1000 Chinese characters.

<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_005.png" width="682" height="1">

3 / 5

Literature

Obligatory

1. Woesler Martin (ed.) 2023. Reader Chinese Literature – Selections, Bochum: European University Press [free e-book copies provided].

Optional

1. Song Poems (ci): Su Dongpo: “Autumn day in Kui Prefecture”
2. Yuan Drama (Zaju): Guan Hanqing: “The Injustice to Dou E”
3. Ming novels (Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West, Outlaws of the Marsh, The Scholars)
4. Qing novels (Cao Xueqin: Red Chamber Dreams)
5. Late Qing dystopian literature (Liang Qichao: The Future of New China, Kang Youwei: Datong shu)
6. Republican literature (Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Zhou Zuoren, Yu Dafu)
7. Modern literature (Underground poets, Wang Meng, Mo Yan)
8. Contemporary literature (Han Han, Zhang Wei, Xu Zechen, Han Shaogong)
9. Web literature (excerpts live on http://qidian.com)
10. Science fiction (Liu Cixin: The Three Body Problem, The Wandering Earth)

Calculation of ECTS points

<tbody> </tbody>

Activity form	Activity hours*
Conversatory classes	30
Preparation for classes	10
Reading the indicated literature	20
Preparation of a multimedia presentation	5
Other	10
Paper preparation	5
Preparation for the assessment	10
Student workload	Hours 90
Number of ECTS points	ECTS 3

* hour means 45 minutes
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_006.png" width="682" height="1">

4 / 5

Learning outcomes

<tbody> </tbody>

Code	Content
SNL_K2_K01	The graduate is ready to krytycznej oceny zdobywanej wiedzy o języku i literaturze chińskiej i ciągłego jej aktualizowania.
SNL_K2_K02	The graduate is ready to dogłębnego doceniania znaczenia wiedzy specjalistycznej w rozwiązywaniu problemów poznawczych i językowych związanych z wielokulturowością i komunikacją międzykulturową.
SNL_K2_K03	The graduate is ready to krytycznego konsultowania problemów, których nie jest w stanie samodzielnie rozwiązać, z ekspertami w odpowiednich dziedzinach naukowych i aktywnego współdziałania z nimi w poszukiwaniu właściwych rozwiązań.
SNL_K2_U01	The graduate can formułować i testować hipotezy związane z prostymi problemami badawczymi i realizowanymi zadaniami, a także komunikować swoje spostrzeżenia.
SNL_K2_W02	The graduate knows and understands w pogłębionym stopniu wybrane fakty, pojęcia i kluczowe zagadnienia z językoznawstwa, literaturoznawstwa i badań interdyscyplinarnych w obszarze sinologii.
SNL_K2_W03	The graduate knows and understands teorie i metodologie badań z wybranej dyscypliny (językoznawstwo bądź literaturoznawstwo sinologiczne) właściwe dla różnych szkół badawczych i paradygmatów, a także ich główne tendencje rozwojowe.
SNL_K2_W04	The graduate knows and understands wybrane zagadnienia komparatystyki językowej lub literackiej i translatoryki na tle zachodzących procesów wymiany kulturowej i globalizacji.
SNL_K2_W05	The graduate knows and understands bogatą terminologię z zakresu sinologii w obszarze badań językoznawczych, literaturoznawczych i interdyscyplinarnych.
SNL_K2_W08	The graduate knows and understands w pogłębionym stopniu fundamentalne dylematy i wyzwania współczesnej cywilizacji związane z językami, literaturą i kulturą Azji Wschodniej.