Difference between revisions of "Machine Trans EN 3"

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-'''3 肖毅瑶(On the Realm Advantages And Symbiotic Development of Machine Translation And Human Translation)'''
-[[Machine_Trans_EN_3]]
-===Abstract===
-Machine translation has achieved great advancement since its appearance in 1947, and plays an increasingly significant role in translation market. Then it gives rise to a intense argument among the scholars on the relationship between machine translation and human translation. Does the emergence of machine translation exactly pose a huge challenge or bring incredible opportunities to the human translation market? What might be going on between the two kinds of translation? Will they replace each other or develop hand in hand? How should translators cope with such a competitive situation?
-The author consider that along with the continuous improvement of science and technology, although machine translation indeed has occupied a dominant position in some specific fields, it  still exists certain defects and is improbable to displace human translation.Therefore, based on the distinctive characteristics of machine translation and human translation, this paper intends to briefly analyze their respective advantages in different fields and to explore the possibilities and approaches for their symbiotic development.
-===Key words===
-Machine Translation; Huamn Translation; Realm Advantages; Symbiotic Development
-===题目===
-论机器翻译与人工翻译的领域优势及共生发展
-===摘要===
-机器翻译自1947年问世以来不断发展，并逐渐在翻译市场发挥着举足轻重的作用，随之而至的便是人们对于机器翻译与人工翻译之间关系的思考与研究。机器翻译的应运而生给人工翻译市场带来的究竟是巨大的冲击还是无限的机遇呢？二者的关系走向将会如何，是取而代之还是并驾齐驱？译者该如何应对机器翻译的挑战？
-笔者认为随着科学技术的不断完善，人工翻译和机器翻译在不同的领域各自都具备一定主导地位，但机器翻译仍旧存在一定缺陷，永远不可能取代人工翻译。本文立足于机器翻译与人工翻译的不同特点，浅析二者各自的领域优势，探究其共生发展的可能性以及途径。
-===关键词===
-人工翻译；机器翻译；领域优势；共生发展
-===1. Introduction===
-From the dawn of time, translation has always been of great necessity in every aspects, such as in political, economic and daily life. With countries around the world becoming more inter-linked, it demands much more amounts of translators. Nevertheless, human translators are quite expensive but limited by time and space. Then machine translation comes into being for higher efficiency and lower cost. Machine translation, also called computer aided translation, refers to using a computer to translate the source language into target language. It is completely automatic without any human intervention. Currently, machine translation has hold a great position in the translation market and has caused certain impact on the employment of human translators. Thus many scholars are concerned about whether human translators could be totally displaced by machine translation. If not, how could translators get along with machine translation in harmony and complementarily?
-This paper aims to through a comparative analysis between machine translation and human translation to figure out their respective advantage as well as the existing defects. The author believes that machine translation can be both a challenge and an opportunity, which depends on how human translators deal with such a situation. Therefore, in this paper, the author attempts to present some advice on how could human translation and machine translation achieve a cooperative development.
-===2. The emergence and development of machine translation ===
-The Origin of machine translation can be traced back to 1949，when Warren Weaver first proposed what is machine translation. In 1954, the first translation machine IBM-701 was co-invented by IBM and the George University in the United States, which can translated Russian into English. In the following several decades, America had played a leading role in the research of machine translation, while this situation ended in an accuse of uselessness to the whole society by American government. Then machine translation research entered into a stagnation. While in 1960s, with the increasing communication among nations, the amount of literature and other materials in different languages surge out around the world. Then, the explosion of information requires much more translation, in which the translators can hardly met the demand for their own limitation of efficiency. Thus people’s interest on machine translation was raised again, and it achieved a considerable development. With the continuous advancement of science technology in China, machine translation gradually gained more and more attention. Many researchers and companies began to realize the great value and profit in it, for which various systems and softwares emerged one after another. These inventions did bring a lot convenience to human life, which enjoys much more preferment from people for its high efficiency and economical essence compared to human translators.
-With the continuous improvement of machine translation research, various translation systems have come into being. Some people imitate the computer classification, machine translation system into three generations. The first generation: can only carry out simple word-to-word translation; The second generation: able to process grammar (syntax); Third generation: have strong semantic analysis ability. It can be seen from the development history of three generations of machine translation: the first generation of machine translation used a kind of "giant dictionary method", whose result is defective; Although the second generation of machine translation emphasizes syntactic analysis, it still has some limitations. Only the third generation of machine translation strengthens the means of semantic analysis on the basis of lexical and grammatical analysis, so that it can better understand and express natural language. Therefore, the third generation of machine translation system is called "intelligent translation system". At present, various machine translation systems in the world can not be completely counted as "intelligent system", but many systems have strong grammar and semantic identification ability to varying degrees. With the deepening of machine translation research, the problem of artificial intelligence becomes more prominent. Some scholars in some countries are considering using artificial intelligence to develop full semantic machine translation system.
-.The Application of Machine Translation
-At present, there are more than ten machine translation and machine-aided translation systems in the world. Among them, France, Canada, the United States more achievements. Take the famous SYSTRAN machine translation system in the United States as an example. It is a multilingual machine translation system that can translate Russian, French and German into English, and Russian is the most mature one. The system has been performed in many parts of the world and can translate 5,000 words a minute. The US Air Force is said to have been using the system. Another example is the SLC system of Oak Cen Laboratory in the United States. In a Russian-English translation, the output of 8000 ~ 10,000 English words takes 41 seconds. The system can accept user-specified translation tasks for scientific and technological materials and is planned to be used to translate Russian data databases in machine-readable form under the US-Russia Cultural Exchange Agreement. The TERMILM system at the University of Montreal in Canada is the world's first and largest machine-assisted translation system. The system, which stores about 4 million engineering and scientific terms in French and English, can be used online across the country to serve translators. In addition, the CULT Chinese-English machine translation system of the Chinese University of Hong Kong has been put into use. In 1975, the system officially published the computer translation of China's Bulletin of Mathematics, with more than 2500 subscribers. However,CUIT system involves more people in the working process and requires a lot of processing before translation.
-The research of machine translation in China started not very late. As early as 1956, the state included this research into the national scientific work development plan, the title of the topic is "machine Translation, the construction of natural Language Translation rules and the Mathematical theory of Natural Language". In 1957, China's machine translation research work officially began, and in 1959, the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, China announced the success of Russian-Chinese machine translation experiment. After the initial development stage (1957-1966) and the stagnation stage (1966-1975), China's machine translation industry ushered in the recovery development stage (1975-present), and achieved many gratifying achievements. In September 1980, the first national academic conference on machine translation was held in Beijing, at which 32 academic papers were read out and printed, and representatives were organized to visit two machine translation systems. In the late 1980s, the popularity of microcomputers strongly promoted the research and development of machine translation in China. Some scientific research institutions, especially information institutions, began to consider the application of machine translation system in information inspection. During this period, the research team jointly formed by The Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of China, the Institute of Linguistics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Institute of Computing of the Chinese Academy of Sciences launched the English-Chinese Capital record machine translation system. In the early 1990s, the Information Institute of the 1st Committee of the National Defense Science And Technology Cooperated with the Language Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences to develop the English-Chinese Machine Translation of GRA titles and put it into use. The system provides readers with hundreds of thousands of English and Chinese reference cards and has achieved obvious social benefits. This is a great feat of industrialized translation of large-scale scientific and technological literature databases using machine translation in China. Now, there are numerous machine translation products on the market, and varieties and types also emerge in an endless stream. There are electronic dictionaries, such as a variety of translation king, Ciba; There are also large-scale translation systems, such as Tianyu English-Chinese machine Translation System.
-===3.===
-===4.===
-===5. ===
-===Conclusion===
-===References===

Difference between revisions of "Machine Trans EN 3"

Latest revision as of 18:23, 15 December 2021

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