Difference between revisions of "Report CN EN 02"

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(Originally published in the People's Liberation Army Literature and Art, No.5, 1985)
 
(Originally published in the People's Liberation Army Literature and Art, No.5, 1985)
  
−
==卷二：3.理论狂人==
+
==卷二：3.理论狂人 Volume 2: 3.Theory Fanatic==
  
 
理论狂人
 
理论狂人
  
−
ーー献给一位无名经济理论家
+
Theory Fanatic
 +
 
 +
——献给一位无名经济理论家
 +
 
 +
—To a Unsung Economic Theorist
  
 
陈祖芬
 
陈祖芬
 +
 +
Chen Zufen
  
 
这里就是罗陀斯,就在这里跳跃吧!
 
这里就是罗陀斯,就在这里跳跃吧!
 +
 +
Hic Rhodus, hic salta!
  
 
这里就有玫瑰花,就在这里跳舞吧!
 
这里就有玫瑰花,就在这里跳舞吧!
  
−
马克思
+
Here is the rose, here dance!
 +
 
 +
——马克思
 +
 
 +
—Karl Marx
  
 
夏时制与变革的强制性
 
夏时制与变革的强制性
 +
 +
Mandatory for Daylight Saving Time and Reform
  
 
“从北京开往西安的35次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间8点06分。
 
“从北京开往西安的35次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间8点06分。
 +
 +
"The No.35 train from Beijing to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 8:06."
  
 
“从成都开往西安的238次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间9点12分。
 
“从成都开往西安的238次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间9点12分。
 +
 +
"The No.238 train from Chengdu to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 9:12."
  
 
“从太原开往西安的425次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间9点52分。
 
“从太原开往西安的425次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间9点52分。
 +
 +
"The No.425 train from Taiyuan to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 9:52."
  
 
“从上海开往乌鲁木齐的53次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间11点16分。
 
“从上海开往乌鲁木齐的53次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间11点16分。
 +
 +
"The No.53 train from Shanghai to Urumqi has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 11:16."
  
 
“从广州开往西安的273次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间12点56分。
 
“从广州开往西安的273次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间12点56分。
 +
 +
"The No.273 train from Guangzhou to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 12:56."
  
 
“从郑州开往西安的4次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间4点14分。”
 
“从郑州开往西安的4次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间4点14分。”
  
−
每次播音员的话音一落,列车里便站起一个个激动不安、迫不及待的记者和学 者。1986年5月,从四面八方开往西安的列车和飞机上,突然冒出了这么多“心动 过速”的人们一他们的心,早就超越了火车和飞机的速度到达了西安。《人民日 报》的记者心急火燎地从北京开着皇冠车,星夜兼程地驰向古都西安。《羊城晚 报》的记者,ー听说我国20世纪以来发掘的最大的墓葬揭椁开棺,跳上小车去赶广 州开往西安的飞机。
+
"The No.4 trains from Zhengzhou to Xi'an have arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 4:14."
 +
 
 +
每次播音员的话音一落,列车里便站起一个个激动不安、迫不及待的记者和学者。1986年5月,从四面八方开往西安的列车和飞机上,突然冒出了这么多“心动过速”的人们——他们的心,早就超越了火车和飞机的速度到达了西安。《人民日报》的记者心急火燎地从北京开着皇冠车,星夜兼程地驰向古都西安。《羊城晚报》的记者,一听说我国20世纪以来发掘的最大的墓葬揭椁开棺,跳上小车去赶广州开往西安的飞机。
 +
 
 +
Every time when the announcer finished his words, excited journalists and scholars can’t wait to stand up in the train. In May 1986, on the trains and planes heading for Xi'an from all directions, so many people with "tachycardia" suddenly appeared—their hearts had already surpassed the speed of trains and planes to reach Xi'an. Reporters of People's Daily drove the Toyota Crown from Beijing anxiously to Xi'an, the ancient Chinses capital, all night. Hearing that the largest tomb excavated in China since the 20th century would be uncovered, reporters of Yangcheng Evening News jumped into a car to catch the plane from Guangzhou to Xi'an.
 +
 
 +
2600年前建造的这个秦公一号大墓,为研究中国奴隶社会的政治、经济、文化,提供了大量的实物资料。
 +
 
 +
The tomb of Duke Jing of Qin built 2,600 years ago provides a lot of materials for studying the politics, economy and culture of Chinese slave society.
  
−
2600年前建造的这个秦公一号大墓,为研究中国奴隶社会的政治、经济、文 化,提供了大量的实物资料。
+
按照马克思主义的历史观,铁器是封建社会生产力水平的一种标志。然而秦公一号大墓,一方面以180多个殉葬的棺椁把秦国的奴隶制社会无可辩驳地展现在我们面前,另一方面又以已经出土的十多件精良的铁器,撼动了关于铁器的标志说。难道秦人也要向马克思主义挑战?我夹杂在“发掘热”的人群里走进了西去的列车。不过我不是想去发掘秦俑的。我要去发掘一个也许是当今了不起的经济理论家。我相信这个人的探索可以为今天中国的经济体制改革提供一些理论依据。
  
−
按照马克思主义的历史观,铁器是封建社会生产カ水平的ー种标志。然而秦 公一号大墓,一方面以!80多个殉葬的棺椁把秦国的奴隶制社会无可辩驳地展现 在我们面前,另一方面又以已经出土的十多件精良的铁器,撼动了关于铁器的标志 说。难道秦人也要向马克思主义挑战?
+
According to the Marxist view of history, iron is a symbol of the production level in feudal society. However, the tomb of Duke Jing of Qin consisting of over 180 coffins, on the one hand, have irrefutably displayed the slave society of Qin in front of us. On the other hand, more than ten excellent ironware have been unearthed, changing the view of ironware. Do Qin people also challenge Marxism? I walked into the train going west in the crowd obsessed with "excavation rush". But I don't want to see Terracotta Army. I'm going to find a great economic theorist today. I believe this man's exploration can provide some theoretical basis for China's economic system reform today.
−
我夹杂在“发掘热”的人群里走进了西去的列车。不过我不是想去发掘秦俑 的。我要去发掘ー个也许是当今了不起的经济理论家。我相信这个人的探索可以 为今天中国的经济体制改革提供ー些理论依据。
 
  
−
5月4日。我搭乘的279次列车是晚8点多开车。我掐着时间走进列车,ー看 表,怎么オ7点多?是不是我家里那只钟走错了?还是我糊里糊涂地早走了一小 时?可我也不至于这么错乱呵!现在到底是7点还是8点?
+
5月4日。我搭乘的279次列车是晚8点多开车。我掐着时间走进列车,一看 表,怎么才7点多?是不是我家里那只钟走错了?还是我糊里糊涂地早走了一小时?可我也不至于这么错乱呵!现在到底是7点还是8点?
 +
 
 +
On May 4th, my No.279 train should leave at 8 o'clock in the evening. I calculated the time to walk into the train and look at my watch. Why was it only about 7 o'clock? Was the clock in my house going wrong? Or did I leave an hour early in a confused way? But I would not do it so unwittingly! Was it 7 o'clock or 8 o'clock?
  
 
车窗口的两位穿着蓝西服和灰西服的公民同时亮出表:8点。
 
车窗口的两位穿着蓝西服和灰西服的公民同时亮出表:8点。
 +
 +
Two citizens in blue suits and gray suits at the train window showed their watches: 8 o'clock.
  
 
但是蓝西服说:“我也搞不清几点了。”
 
但是蓝西服说:“我也搞不清几点了。”
 +
 +
But the one in blue suit said, "I don't know what time it is either."
  
 
灰西服也说:“我也搞不清几点了。”
 
灰西服也说:“我也搞不清几点了。”
 +
 +
The one in grey suit also said, "I also don't know what time it is."
  
 
表上明明显示着8点,为什么又说搞不清?莫非我走进了一个荒诞派小说的 规定情境?
 
表上明明显示着8点,为什么又说搞不清?莫非我走进了一个荒诞派小说的 规定情境?
 +
 +
The watch clearly showed 8 o'clock, but why did they say they can't figure it out? Had I entered a scene set in an absurd novel?
  
 
又有一个乘客满在行地说:“现在时间不是往前挪了一小时吗。”
 
又有一个乘客满在行地说:“现在时间不是往前挪了一小时吗。”
 +
 +
Another passenger seemed an expert, and he said, "Isn't the time moving forward for an hour now?"
  
 
挪前挪后?到底是挪前还是挪后?
 
挪前挪后?到底是挪前还是挪后?
  
−
“今天开始实行夏时制,”终于有了一个大致正常的人,“时针不是往前拨了一 小时吗,所以现在的8点就是原来的9点。”
+
Moving forward and backward? Was it moving forward or backward?
 +
 
 +
“今天开始实行夏时制,”终于有了一个大致正常的人,“时针不是往前拨了一小时吗,所以现在的8点就是原来的9点。”
 +
 
 +
"Daylight saving time has been implemented since today," finally we got a person who can figure out the current situation. "Isn't the hour hand set forward for an hour, so now 8 o'clock is the original 9 o'clock."
  
 
“不对,现在的8点是原来的7点。”
 
“不对,现在的8点是原来的7点。”
  
−
对了!我的表没有拨过,所以オ7点。我自己清醒过来后,这オ注意到乘客们 愕然不解的眼神,迷乱惶恐的眼神,忧烦木讷的眼神,而在这些眼神的后面,是ー种 不愿意适应、又不能不适应夏时制而无所适从、无可奈何的被动心理。
+
"No, the current 8 o'clock is the original 7 o'clock."
 +
 
 +
对了!我的表没有拨过,所以才7点。我自己清醒过来后,这オ注意到乘客们愕然不解的眼神,迷乱惶恐的眼神,忧烦木讷的眼神,而在这些眼神的后面,是一种不愿意适应、又不能不适应夏时制而无所适从、无可奈何的被动心理。
 +
 
 +
That's right! My watch hadn't been reset, so it was seven o'clock. After I figured it out, I noticed the passengers' startled, confused and worried eyes. And behind these eyes, there was a kind of passive psychology that they were unwilling to adapt to, but had to adapt to daylight saving time, so they were at a loss and helpless.
 +
 
 +
夏时制真是一个“不受欢迎的人”。
 +
 
 +
Daylight saving time is really an "unwelcome person".
 +
 
 +
又有人喊了一嗓子:“每天得提前一小时起床,乱了套了！反正,活的活,死的死吧!”
 +
 
 +
Another person shouted: "I have to get up one hour in advance every day, which is a mess! Anyway, we will live or die!"
  
−
夏时制真是一个“不受欢迎的人” 〇
+
有那么严重吗?实行夏时制,又不会像长工资似的,谁多长一级,谁少长一 级——谁也不会因此而亏了一小时。绝对的平均主义！明明谁也没有吃亏。明明谁也不用为此付出多大代价。明明按照日、地运动的规律办事,就可以节约能源, 所以夏时制又叫经济时制。明明在1916年,德、法、英、意等等国家就已采用夏时制了,但是1986年中国的夏时制,还是招来了那么多的惶惶然和愤愤然。
  
−
又有人喊了一嗓子:“每天得提前一小时起床,乱了套了！反正,活的活,死的 死吧!”
+
Was it that serious? The implementation of daylight saving time will not be like the increase of salary, and no one will lose or get the hourly wage—no one will lose an hour. Absolute egalitarianism! Clearly, no one suffered losses. Clearly no one had to pay much for it. Clearly, according to the law of the movement of the sun and the earth, we can save energy, so daylight saving time is also called money saving time. It was clear that in 1916, Germany, France, Britain, Italy and other countries had adopted daylight saving time, but in 1986, China's daylight saving time still attracted so much panic and indignation.
  
−
有那么严重吗?实行夏时制,又不会像长エ资似的,谁多长ー级,谁少长ー 级一谁也不会因此而亏了一小时。绝对的平均主义！明明谁也没有吃亏。明明 谁也不用为此付出多大代价。明明按照日、地运动的规律办事,就可以节约能源, 所以夏时制又叫经济时制。明明在1916年,德、法、英、意等等国家就已采用夏时 制了,但是1986年中国的夏时制,还是招来了那么多的惶惶然和愤愤然。
+
“我独不解中国人何以于旧状况那么心平气和,于较新的机运就这么疾首蹙额;于已成之局那么委屈求全,于初兴之事就这么求全责备?”对我重复着这句话的,自然是鲁迅了。
  
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“我独不解中国人何以于旧状况那么心平气和,于较新的机运就这么疾首蹙 额;于已成之局那么委屈求全,于初兴之事就这么求全责备?”对我重复着这句话 的,自然是鲁迅了。
+
"I don't understand why the Chinese people are so calm in the old situation, but they frown at new opportunities; they compromise on something written in the stars but blame for new things?" It was Lu Xun who repeated this sentence to me.
  
 
车厢里响起了很新潮的歌:
 
车厢里响起了很新潮的歌:
  
−
阿里,阿里巳巳,
+
A very trendy song played in the carriage:
 +
 
 +
阿里,阿里巴巴,
 +
 
 +
Ali, Ali Baba,
  
 
阿里巴巴是个快乐的青年。
 
阿里巴巴是个快乐的青年。
  
−
不管阿里是不是快乐的青年,反正听这种歌就是感受一种情绪。感受到这种 情绪的,便都成了快乐的青年。
+
Ali Baba is a happy young man.
 +
 
 +
不管阿里是不是快乐的青年,反正听这种歌就是感受一种情绪。感受到这种情绪的,便都成了快乐的青年。
 +
 
 +
Whether Ali was a happy young man or not, listening to this song was to feel an emotion. Those who can feel this emotion became happy young people.
 +
 
 +
实行夏时制的中国,也正像一个快乐的青年,一个处在思想活跃期的青年。
 +
 
 +
China, which had implemented daylight saving time, was just like a happy youth, a youth in an active period of thinking.
 +
 
 +
车厢里的灯突然全黑了。怎么这么早就黑灯了?我跑到车厢过道的灯下看 表,可不,才9点嘛,应该10点熄灯的嘛。哦,对了,我到现在还没有拨过手表,我 以为反正知道夏时制就行了,连表都懒得拨一下。结果是一下熄了灯,连上床的思想准备都没有。我摘下手表,乖乖地往前拨快一小时。看来变革往往带有强制性,不可能都有了思想准备才变革的。
  
−
实行夏时制的中国,也正像ー个快乐的青年,一个处在思想活跃期的青年。
+
All the lights in the carriage suddenly went dark. Why was it dark so early? I ran to the car aisle under the lights to look at my watch, ehh, it was only 9 o'clock. It should have turned off the lights at 10 o'clock. Oh, I haven't set my watch yet. I thought I only need to know daylight saving time, so I didn't even bother to set my watch. As a result, the lights went out at once, and there was no mental preparation for going to bed. I took off my watch and moved forward one hour obediently. It seemed that reform was often mandatory, and it was impossible to reform after we prepare for it.
  
−
车厢里的灯突然全黑了。怎么这么早就黑灯了?我跑到车厢过道的灯下看 表,可不,才9点嘛,应该10点熄灯的嘛。哦,对了,我到现在还没有拨过手表,我 以为反正知道夏时制就行了,连表都懒得拨一下。结果是一下熄了灯,连上床的思 想准备都没有。我摘下手表,乖乖地往前拨快ー小时。看来变革往往带有强制性, 不可能都有了思想准备オ变革的。
+
不过,等我结束了在西安的采访回到北京以后,并没有发现任何因为时间的拨动而引起的汽车误点、火车脱轨、飞机相撞或者神经错乱。人们按部就班,安定团结,再也没有人谈起夏时制。好像夏时制不是从1986年5月4日开始的,而是在公元前就开始了。
  
−
不过,等我结束了在西安的采访回到北京以后,并没有发现任何因为时间的拨 动而引起的汽车误点、火车脱轨、飞机相撞或者神经错乱。人们按部就班,安定团 结,再也没有人谈起夏时制。好像夏时制不是从!986年5月4日开始的,而是在 公元前就开始了。
+
However, when I returned to Beijing after my interview in Xi'an, I didn't find any car delays, train derailments, plane collisions or insanity caused by the ticking of time. People followed the prescribed order, calm and united, and no one talked about daylight saving time anymore. It seemed that daylight saving time was not from May 4, 1986, but began B.C.
  
 
只要能下决心变革,中国人的适应能力也是非同一般的。
 
只要能下决心变革,中国人的适应能力也是非同一般的。
 +
 +
As long as we can make up our minds to change, Chinese people's adaptability is extraordinary.
  
 
我在变革的时间和时间的变革里,到达了西安站。
 
我在变革的时间和时间的变革里,到达了西安站。
 +
 +
I arrived at Xi'an Station in the time of change and the change of time.
  
 
到底怎么写改革
 
到底怎么写改革
  
−
ー个逃犯。
+
How to Write Reform in the End
 +
 
 +
一个逃犯。
 +
 
 +
A fugitive.
 +
 
 +
我走出西安站,看到一个高人一等的黑大汉,高举着一块“接陈”的牌子。这是我们的“联络暗号”。因为我不认识他,但又希望一到西安就能见到他。应该说一切都很顺利。凯撒大帝有句名言:我来了,我看见了,我战胜了。现在我来了,我看见了,但是我失望了。
  
−
我走出西安站,看到ー个高人一等的黑大汉,高举着ー块“接陈”的牌子。这 是我们的“联络暗号”。因为我不认识他,但又希望一到西安就能见到他。应该说 一切都很顺利。凯撒大帝有句名言:我来了,我看见了,我战胜了。现在我来了,我 看见了,但是我失望了。
+
When I walked out of Xi'an Station, I saw a very tall man with dark skin holding up a sign of "picking up Chen". This was our "contact code". Because I didn't know him, but I hoped to see him as soon as I arrived in Xi'an. It should be said that everything was going well. Julius Caesar has a famous saying: I came; I saw; I conquered. Now I came; I saw, but I was disappointed.
  
 
我觉得我看见了一个逃犯。
 
我觉得我看见了一个逃犯。
  
−
我的第一感觉是害怕。那张长脸好像从来也没洗干净过。他50岁。可我觉 得他大概从来也没有年轻过,他大概一生下来就这么老了。那莫测高深的三角眼, 那阴沉的高鼻。鼻翼两旁像刀刻石凿似的有两道深沟直通向嘴的两旁。而嘴,直 接地就像平放着的两把刀。
+
I thought I saw a fugitive.
 +
 
 +
我的第一感觉是害怕。那张长脸好像从来也没洗干净过。他50岁。可我觉得他大概从来也没有年轻过,他大概一生下来就这么老了。那莫测高深的三角眼,那阴沉的高鼻。鼻翼两旁像刀刻石凿似的有两道深沟直通向嘴的两旁。而嘴,直接地就像平放着的两把刀。
 +
 
 +
My first feeling was fear. It seemed that that long face had never been washed clean. He was 50 years old. But I thought he was probably never young. He was probably born so old. That unfathomable triangular eyes, that gloomy high nose. There were two deep ditches on both sides of the nose like a knife carving stone chisel, which led straight to both sides of the mouth. And the mouth was like two knives lying flat.
 +
 
 +
他的布鞋上打着皮革的补丁。我有几年没见到这样打着大补丁的鞋了。我也愈来愈少地见到他这样黄的眼白,或者压根儿就应该叫作眼黄。这补丁,这眼黄,立刻使我想起贫困、拮据、坚韧、过去。不过他穿着过去不穿的西装。但这西装质地之差,之软绵绵,之皱巴巴,都使人败胃。倒好像是仓促之间从哪儿借来套在身上乔装打扮的。干脆那种油污的旧工作服倒能给人带来一种粗犷的美。
 +
 
 +
His cloth shoes were patched with leather. I haven't seen shoes with big patches like this in years. I also saw less and less this yellow sclera, or it should be called yellow of the eye. This patch and this yellow eye immediately reminded me of poverty, tenacity and the past. But he was wearing a suit that he didn't use to wear. However, the poor texture, softness and wrinkles of this suit made people sick. It seemed that he borrowed it from somewhere in a hurry and put it on in disguise. Simply that kind of oily old overalls can make people think him rugged.
 +
 
 +
他的头发所剩无几地徒劳地盖在秃秃的头顶上。后来听他说这是染黑的,要不都白了。我想又何必染呢?这么几根头发也值得染吗?
 +
 
 +
His hair was left a little to cover his bald head, but it was in vain. Later, I heard him say it was dyed black, or it was all white. I thought why dyed it? Were these hairs worth dyeing?
 +
 
 +
但他说这事儿的时候是自信的,很值得的样子,就如他自信他干的一切都是值得的。
 +
 
 +
But when he said it, he was confident and showed that it was worthy, just as he was confident that everything he did was worth it.
 +
 
 +
我3月份收到这个陌生人的第一封信的时候,就决定写完手头一篇报告文学后就去找他。我相信不会虚此西行。他给我的信,一开头就使我预感到我将要经受一种新的思想的撞击:“不管在文学作品中和宣传报道中树立多少光辉的改革者形象,都不会使无所作为和反对改革的领导变为果敢锐敏的改革者。改革者的形象只会鼓舞那些希望并赞成改革的人。然而具有彻底改革思想的人并不一定就会是改革家,原因在于他们无权左右局势。因此不在于号召占据领导地位的人成为改革者,而在于使改革者走上领导岗位。……”
  
−
他的布鞋上打着皮革的补丁。我有几年没见到这样打着大补丁的鞋了。我也 愈来愈少地见到他这样黄的眼白,或者压根儿就应该叫作眼黄。这补丁,这眼黄, 立刻使我想起贫困、拮据、坚韧、过去。不过他穿着过去不穿的西装。但这西装质 地之差,之软绵绵,之皱巴巴,都使人败胃。倒好像是仓促之间从哪儿借来套在身 上乔装打扮的。干脆那种油污的旧工作服倒能给人带来ー种粗犷的美。
+
When I received this stranger's first letter in March, I decided to go to him after writing the non-fiction novel at hand. I believed the westward journey wouldn’t be made in vain. At the beginning of his letter to me, I had a premonition that I would be hit by a new idea: "No matter how many images of brilliant reformers are set up in literary works and propaganda reports, leaders who do nothing and oppose reform will not become bold reformers with a sharp mind. The image of reformers will only inspire those who hope for and agree with reform. However, people with radical reform ideas are not necessarily reformers, because they have no right to control the situation. Therefore, it is not to call on those who occupy leading positions to become reformers, but to make reformers take leadership positions…"
  
−
他的头发所剩无几地徒劳地盖在秃秃的头顶上。后来听他说这是染黑的,要 不都白了。我想又何必染呢?这么几根头发也值得染吗?
+
但我对这个人毕竟一无所知。他真值得我采访吗?他和常规的好人形象相距太远。我身上揣着《人民文学》的差旅费。我要是虚了此行,《人民文学》固然不会追究经济责任,可是我也得讲究时间效益呵。
  
−
但他说这事儿的时候是自信的,很值得的样子,就如他自信他干的一切都是值 得的。
+
But after all, I didn't know anything about this person. Was he worth my interview? He was too far from the conventional image of a good man. I carried the travel expenses of the People's Literature with me. If this trip was in vain, the People's Literature will not pursue economic responsibility, but I had to pay attention to time efficiency.
  
−
我3月份收到这个陌生人的第一封信的时候,就决定写完手头ー篇报告文学 后就去找他。我相信不会虚此西行。他给我的信,ー开头就使我预感到我将要经 受一种新的思想的撞击:“不管在文学作品中和宣传报道中树立多少光辉的改革者 形象,都不会使无所作为和反对改革的领导变为果敢锐敏的改革者。改革者的形 象只会鼓舞那些希望并赞成改革的人。然而具有彻底改革思想的人并不一定就会 是改革家,原因在于他们无权左右局势。因此不在于号召占据领导地位的人成为 改革者,而在于使改革者走上领导岗位。……”
+
他接过我的旅行包:“这个包,我不用叮嘱你不要毁坏,不要丢失,你自然会爱护的,因为你拥有这个包的所有权、使用权和支配权,你是这个包的主人。根本用不着对你进行主人翁思想的教育。我们三十多年来一直对国营企业职工进行主人翁思想教育这件事,恰恰证明了国营企业的职工还不是企业的主人。”
  
−
但我对这个人毕竟ー无所知。他真值得我采访吗?他和常规的好人形象相距 太远。我身上揣着《人民文学》的差旅费。我要是虚了此行,《人民文学》固然不会 追究经济责任,可是我也得讲究时间效益呵。
+
He took my travel bag and said, "I don't have to tell you not to destroy or lose this bag. You will naturally take care of it, because you have the ownership, use and control of this bag, and you are the owner of this bag. There is no need to educate you on the idea of being a master at all. We have been educating the state-owned enterprises about the sense of ownership for more than 30 years, which just proves that employees in state-owned enterprises are not the masters of the enterprises."
  
−
他接过我的旅行包:“这个包,我不用叮嘱你不要毁坏,不要丢失,你自然会爱 护的,因为你拥有这个包的所有权、使用权和支配权,你是这个包的主人。根本用 不着对你进行主人翁思想的教育。我们三十多年来一直对国营企业职エ进行主人 翁思想教育这件事,恰恰证明了国营企业的职エ还不是企业的主人。”
+
我立时精神起来了,我想起他那封长信的内容——改革的关键,关键的改革, 是所有制问题。
  
−
我立时精神起来了,我想起他那封长信的内容一改革的关键,关键的改革, 是所有制问题。
+
I immediately refreshed, and remembered the content of his long letter—the key to reform and the key reform are the ownership problem.
  
 
他这个人,执拗地叫你想起过去,过去。他又顽强地站立在现在,现在。
 
他这个人,执拗地叫你想起过去,过去。他又顽强地站立在现在,现在。
 +
 +
He is a man who stubbornly reminds you of the past. But he stands stubbornly in the present.
  
 
精神取代物质和意识决定存在
 
精神取代物质和意识决定存在
  
−
天安门前站着一个高大黝黑的光头青年。上穿蓝粗布衣,下穿用家染的黑粗 布做的抽带肥腿裤。那裤带偏是白的,又偏偏捣乱似的从腰部溜了下来,大模大样 地突出在黑裤子中间。但这个光头青年的神情是那么自信、自豪。本来嘛,那 年—-1954年的《群众日报》登了陕西省考上高校的全部考生的名单。第一名,韩 城县中学的党治国,考上了清华大学。党治国到清华报到后的第一件事,就是到天 安门前照这张像。
+
Spirit Replaces Materials and Consciousness Determines Existence
 +
 
 +
天安门前站着一个高大黝黑的光头青年。上穿蓝粗布衣,下穿用家染的黑粗 布做的抽带肥腿裤。那裤带偏是白的,又偏偏捣乱似的从腰部溜了下来,大模大样地突出在黑裤子中间。但这个光头青年的神情是那么自信、自豪。本来嘛,那年—-1954年的《群众日报》登了陕西省考上高校的全部考生的名单。第一名,韩城县中学的党治国,考上了清华大学。党治国到清华报到后的第一件事,就是到天安门前照这张像。
 +
 
 +
In front of Tiananmen Square stood a tall, bald young man with dark skin. He wore blue coarse cloth on the top and wide leg pants with strings made of black coarse cloth dyed at home on the bottom. The strings were white, but they just slipped down from the waist causing trouble, and protruded in the middle of the black trousers obviously. But the bald young man looked so confident and proud. It turned out that Qunzhong Daily published the list of all the candidates admitted to colleges and universities in Shaanxi Province in 1954. The first place, Dang Zhiguo in Hancheng Middle School, was admitted to Tsinghua University. The first thing Dang did after registering was to take this picture in front of Tiananmen Square.
 +
 
 +
只是那两条白裤带,使照片上的党治国在威风中透着滑稽。这也没什么。清华大学一年级新生党治国就不信还会有什么事情难得住他。白裤带吗,用墨水一抹不就黑了?行了。很好。不能更好了。至于留头发是不是比光头更好看,制服裤是不是比家织抽带裤更好看,他没想过。他从来不注意服饰。32年后,他知道我要专程到西安去找他时,他才为没有一件过得去的外衣而有些不安。于是就匆匆添置了那身使我一看就败胃的西装。
 +
 
 +
Only those two white strings made him look funny in front of imposing Tiananmen Square. It was nothing. Dang Zhiguo, the Tsinghua University freshman didn't believe that there would be anything hard to live with. As for white strings, he just blacked them with ink. That was enough. That was good. It couldn't be better. As for whether head with hair was better than bald head, and whether uniform pants were better than home-woven pants with strings, he never thought about it. He never paid attention to clothes. Thirty-two years later, when he knew that I was going to Xi'an to find him, he was a little upset that he didn't have a decent coat. So he hurriedly bought the suit that made me sick.
 +
 
 +
一个从青少年时代就以为精神万能的人,最后连购置一套像点样的西装的物质基础都没有。
  
−
只是那两条白裤带,使照片上的党治国在威风中透着滑稽。这也没什么。清 华大学一年级新生党治国就不信还会有什么事情难得住他。白裤带吗,用墨水一 抹不就黑了?行了。很好。不能更好了。至于留头发是不是比光头更好看,制服 裤是不是比家织抽带裤更好看,他没想过。他从来不注意服饰。32年后,他知道 我要专程到西安去找他时,他オ为没有一件过得去的外衣而有些不安。于是就匆 匆添置了那身使我ー看就败胃的西装。
+
A person who thought that the spirit was omnipotent from his youth didn't even have the material basis to buy a decent suit.
  
−
ー个从青少年时代就以为精神万能的人,最后连购置ー套像点样的西装的物 质基础都没有。
+
党治国16岁的时候,有一天和同学们在韩城中学连夜排节目。三九天的夜 晚,不生火就过不去。但教室外是半尺厚的雪,想搞点煤吧,又觉得冷得出不去——来回得走2里雪地呢!怎么去扛煤呵!多厚的棉鞋陷进雪地里也是冻脚。同学们倒抽着冷气往后缩了。
  
−
党治国16岁的时候,有一天和同学们在韩城中学连夜排节目。三九天的夜 晚,不生火就过不去。但教室外是半尺厚的雪,想搞点煤吧,又觉得冷得出不 去一来回得走2里雪地呢!怎么去扛煤呵!多厚的棉鞋陷进雪地里也是冻脚。 同学们倒抽着冷气往后缩了。
+
When Dang Zhiguo was 16 years old, he and his classmates arranged programs overnight in Hancheng Middle School one day. On the coldest nights, you can't get through without a fire. But there was half a chi of snow outside the classroom. Even if you wanted to get some coal, you would feel cold and had to walk, because you had to walk 2 li back and forth! How to carry coal! No matter how thick the cotton shoes were, your feet would be frozen when you got stuck in the snow. The students gasped and drew back.
  
 
党治国叭叭地扔下他的棉鞋,又扒掉他的两只袜子。
 
党治国叭叭地扔下他的棉鞋,又扒掉他的两只袜子。
 +
 +
Dangzhuo threw down his cotton shoes and stripped off his two socks.
  
 
“哎,你脱鞋袜干什么?”
 
“哎,你脱鞋袜干什么?”
 +
 +
"Hey, why do you take off your shoes and socks?"
  
 
“为了证明在雪地里走路不冷。”
 
“为了证明在雪地里走路不冷。”
 +
 +
"To prove that walking in the snow is not cold."
  
 
“你快穿上吧！我们跟你去扛煤就行了。”
 
“你快穿上吧！我们跟你去扛煤就行了。”
 +
 +
"You should put them on quickly! Let's go with you to carry coal."
  
 
“我说出话就要算数。”
 
“我说出话就要算数。”
  
 +
"I am a man of my word."
 +
 +
党治国光着两脚走向无情的雪地。不过他连雪地的无情也感觉不出,因为他的双脚很快就冻木了。当然,这毕竟只是2里地,所以他的双脚还能存活。如果是20里地,200里地,16岁的他怕也是会光脚走去的。那么,他的一双脚当然要为他的无视客观物质存在而付出代价了。
 +
 +
He walked to the ruthless snow barefoot. But he couldn't even feel the ruthlessness of the snow, because his feet soon froze. Of course, this was only 2 li after all, so his feet can still survive. If it were 20 li or 200 li, the 16-year-old boy might still walk barefoot. Then, of course, his feet would pay the price for his disregard of objective material existence.
  
 +
20世纪50年代初的中国,商品经济不发达,物质不充足,但人们的精神状态是安适的。中国人,自我需求总有所节制。不过用精神补充物质的不足,把思想作为物质的代替品,只能在一定的时期,一定的限度内。长此以往,乐此不疲,便可能从以精神取代物质发展到以为思想意识可以决定物质存在。一些“彻底的唯物主义者”抛却了唯物主义的基本观点:存在决定意识。30年后,党治国在他的一篇文章中写道:"……用社会意识来解释各种社会现象。好的社会现象是好的社会意识的产物,坏的社会现象是坏的社会意识的产物,于是全部问题被归结为对一种思想的宣传和对另一种思想的批判。”
  
 +
In China in the early 1950s, the commodity economy was underdeveloped and the material was insufficient, but people's mental state was comfortable. Chinese people always control their self-needs. However, it can only be within a certain period and a certain limit to supplement the material deficiency with spirit and take thought as a substitute for material. In the long run, if you enjoy it, you may develop from replacing material with spirit to thinking that ideology can determine material existence. Some "thorough materialists" have abandoned the basic viewpoint of materialism: existence determines consciousness. Thirty years later, Dang Zhiguo wrote in his article: "…explaining various social phenomena with social consciousness. Good social phenomena are the product of good social consciousness, while bad social phenomena are the product of bad social consciousness, so all the problems are attributed to the promotion of one kind of thought and the criticism of another."
  
−
党治国光着两脚走向无情的雪地。不过他连雪地的无情也感觉不出,因为他 的双脚很快就冻木了。当然,这毕竟只是2里地,所以他的双脚还能存活。如果是 20里地,200里地,16岁的他怕也是会光脚走去的。那么,他的一双脚当然要为他 的无视客观物质存在而付出代价了。
+
1957年,这种批判像火灾似的在清华大学里蔓延开来,烧向钱伟长,烧向黄万里……党治国走上台辩论:他们不是“右派”!党治国走进校党委办公室：他们不是“右派”！
  
−
20世纪50年代初的中国,商品经济不发达,物质不充足,但人们的精神状态是 安适的。中国人,自我需求总有所节制。不过用精神补充物质的不足,把思想作为 物质的代替品,只能在一定的时期,一定的限度内。长此以往,乐此不疲,便可能从 以精神取代物质发展到以为思想意识可以决定物质存在。ー些“彻底的唯物主义 者”抛却了唯物主义的基本观点:存在决定意识。30年后,党治国在他的ー篇文章 中写道:"……用社会意识来解释各种社会现象。好的社会现象是好的社会意识的 产物,坏的社会现象是坏的社会意识的产物,于是全部问题被归结为对ー种思想的 宣传和对另ー种思想的批判。”
+
In 1957, this kind of criticism spread like a fire in Tsinghua University, burning to Qian Weichang and Huang Wanli... Dang came to the stage to debate: they are not rightists! He entered the office of the school party Committee: they are not rightists!
  
−
1957年,这种批判像火灾似的在清华大学里蔓延开来,烧向钱伟长,烧向黄万 里……党治国走上台辩论:他们不是“右派” !党治国走进校党委办公室：他们不
+
“正是为了真正拥护党的方针政策,”他在会上说,“可以允许人们先怀疑一下。怀疑以后再把自己驳倒,这才是真正的信任,真正的拥护。”
  
−
是“右派”！
+
"It is precisely in order to truly uphold the Party's principles and policies," he said at the meeting, "that people can be allowed to doubt first. Doubt and then refute yourself later, which is true trust and true support."
  
−
“正是为了真正拥护党的方针政策,”他在会上说,“可以允许人们先怀疑一 下。怀疑以后再把自己驳倒,这オ是真正的信任,真正的拥护。”
+
党治国讲话没有一点顾虑。他这个来自黄河边的人,像黄河一样古朴。他对党的感情、对党的忠诚,连一点杂质也没有,自然用不着担心自己说“错”话而成为“右派”。
  
−
党治国讲话没有一点顾虑。他这个来自黄河边的人,像黄河ー样古朴。他对 党的感情、对党的忠诚,连ー点杂质也没有,自然用不着担心自己说“错”话而成为 “右派”。
+
Dang had no worries. He was a man from the Yellow River, as simple as the Yellow River. His feelings and loyalty to the party didn't even have any impurities, so he naturally didn't have to worry about saying something wrong to be a rightist.
  
 
但是,根据意识决定存在的“原理”,有“右派言论”的人,就是“右派”分子。
 
但是,根据意识决定存在的“原理”,有“右派言论”的人,就是“右派”分子。
  
−
无限制地强调意识的作用,结果必定是走向反面一取消思想自由。党治国 步他的老师们的后尘,也成了“右派”,而且是“极右”。他的一个同窗好友是个结 巴,原先ー见他老远就叫“党、党、党、党一治国!”憋上半天才憋出“治国”两个 字,实在累人。结巴老弟就把他的名字简化成一个字:“党!”现在自然不敢再叫他 “党”了。当着人连话也不敢说。只在没人注意时不用称呼地对他说上一句:“浪 子回头金不换。”两个月后,没想到结巴老弟也成了“浪子右派”。浪子二号见了浪 子一号,只能摇着头说一句:“往事不堪回首。”
+
However, according to the principle that consciousness determines existence, those who have rightist remarks are rightists.
 +
 
 +
无限制地强调意识的作用,结果必定是走向反面——取消思想自由。党治国步他的老师们的后尘,也成了“右派”,而且是“极右”。他的一个同窗好友是个结巴,原先一见他老远就叫“党、党、党、党——治国!”憋上半天才憋出“治国”两个字,实在累人。结巴老弟就把他的名字简化成一个字:“党!”现在自然不敢再叫他“党”了。当着人连话也不敢说。只在没人注意时不用称呼地对他说上一句:“浪子回头金不换。”两个月后,没想到结巴老弟也成了“浪子右派”。浪子二号见了浪子一号,只能摇着头说一句:“往事不堪回首。”
 +
 
 +
Unlimited emphasis on the role of consciousness must lead to the opposite—abolition of freedom of thought. Dang Zhiguo followed in the footsteps of his teachers and became a "rightist" and an "ultra-rightist". One of his classmates was a stutter. When he saw him far away, he would shout "Dang, Dang, Dang, Dang—Zhiguo!" It was tiring to suppress the word "Zhiguo" for half a day. The stammer reduced his name to one word: "Dang!" Now naturally, he dared not call him "Dang" any more (In Chinese, Dang党 means the Party). He dared not speak in front of Dang Zhiguo. Only when no one noticed, he said to Dang Zhiguo without saying his name: "A prodigal who returns is more precious than gold." Two months later, no one expected that this stammer should become a "prodigal rightist". When the prodigal no.2 saw the prodigal no.1, he could only shake his head and say, "My past is unbearable to recall."
 +
 
 +
党治国成了“极右”后,三天没吃饭。他怎么会是“右派”呢?不过,党是不会错的。绝对。那么只有从自己身上找原因了。实在无法想通,只好先接受这个结论——是自己错了,再慢慢去想。
 +
 
 +
After Dang became the "ultra-rightist", he didn't eat for three days. How can he be a "rightist"? However, the party can't be wrong. Absolutely. Then he had to find the reason from himself. He really can't figure it out, so he had to accept this conclusion first that he was wrong and then think about it slowly.
  
−
党治国成了“极右”后,三天没吃饭。他怎么会是“右派”呢?不过,党是不会 错的。绝对。那么只有从自己身上找原因了。实在无法想通,只好先接受这个结 论ーー是自己错了,再慢慢去想。
+
1957年的“右派”里边,有多少人恰恰是先进生产力的代表。1956年党中央提出了“百花齐放、百家争鸣”的方针,到1957年先进生产力就急切爆发出来了。但是,对不起,请君入瓮吧。你们不应该有思想的自由,因为用不着你们思想。
  
−
1957年的“右派”里边,有多少人恰恰是先进生产力的代表。1956年党中央提 出了“百花齐放、百家争鸣”的方针,到1957年先进生产カ就急切爆发出来了。但 是,对不起,请君入瓮吧。你们不应该有思想的自由,因为用不着你们思想。
+
Many of the "rightists" in 1957 were representatives of advanced productive forces? In 1956, the CPC Central Committee put forward the policy of "letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend", so in 1957, advanced productive forces popped up eagerly. But, I'm sorry, treating someone in your own ways. You should not have the freedom to think, because you don't need your thoughts.
  
 
有计划的盲目生产
 
有计划的盲目生产
  
−
西安郊区有个新丰砖瓦厂。该厂取土制砖时发现了舍利精室。舍利,是指佛 的骨灰。迎舍利,供舍利,是佛家,也是朝廷的大事。释迦牟尼火葬后,八国争夺舍 利,百姓求分舍利,分不到的,用金、银、水晶、玛瑙等制作舍利。砖瓦厂发现的舍利 精室,就是用水晶做的舍利代用品,水晶舍利装在玻璃瓶里,玻璃瓶装在饰有鎏金 狮子、珍珠团花的金棺里。金棺置于饰满翡翠、玛瑙、珍珠、猫儿眼等等的银椁里。 释迦如来涅槃后,他的骨灰的代用品都能住进造价这么高的圣地,足见百姓对佛的 虔诚。
+
Planned Blind Production
 +
 
 +
西安郊区有个新丰砖瓦厂。该厂取土制砖时发现了舍利精室。舍利,是指佛的骨灰。迎舍利,供舍利,是佛家,也是朝廷的大事。释迦牟尼火葬后,八国争夺舍利,百姓求分舍利,分不到的,用金、银、水晶、玛瑙等制作舍利。砖瓦厂发现的舍利精室,就是用水晶做的舍利代用品,水晶舍利装在玻璃瓶里,玻璃瓶装在饰有鎏金狮子、珍珠团花的金棺里。金棺置于饰满翡翠、玛瑙、珍珠、猫儿眼等等的银椁里。释迦如来涅槃后,他的骨灰的代用品都能住进造价这么高的圣地,足见百姓对佛的虔诚。
 +
 
 +
There is a Xinfeng brick and tile factory in the suburb of Xi'an. The Buddhist relics room was discovered when the factory took soil to make bricks. Buddhist relics refer to the ashes of Buddha. It is a great event for Buddhism and the imperial court to welcome and offer Buddhist relics. After the Buddha's cremation, eight countries competed for the relics, and the people asked for sharing the relics. If they couldn't get them, they made Buddhist relics with gold, silver, crystal and agate. The Buddhist relics room discovered by the brick and tile factory is a relic substitute made of crystal. The crystal relic was packed in a glass bottle, which was put in a gold coffin decorated with gold lions and pearl flowers. The gold coffin was placed in a silver coffin decorated with jadeite, agate, pearl, chrysoberyl and so on. After the Buddha's nirvana, the substitutes of his ashes can live in the holy land with such high cost, which shows the people's piety towards Buddha.
 +
 
 +
把自己的命运系在对佛的信仰上,这大约也是中国人的一种祖传吧。“右派分子”党治国看到报上关于亩产水稻6万斤,亩产红薯120万斤的报道后,不禁对党心悦诚服——国家现在能取得这么大的成绩,自然和清除“右派”有关系。自己成了“右派”,也值得了。
 +
 
 +
It is probably the ancestral tradition of Chinese people to tie their own destiny to their belief in Buddha. After reading the newspaper saying 60,000 jin of rice per mu and 1.2 million jin of sweet potatoes per mu, the "rightists" can't help but be convinced that the reason why the country can achieve such great achievements now was because of the elimination of the "rightists". It was worthwhile to become a "rightist".
 +
 
 +
就是买东西很不方便。以前可以招呼售货员:同志,请你给我称点什么。现在怎么可以叫人家同志呢?你已经不是人家的同志了。可是,上去就没头没脑地说, 你给我称点什么,又觉得不礼貌。
  
−
把自己的命运系在对佛的信仰上,这大约也是中国人的ー种祖传吧。“右派分 子”党治国看到报上关于亩产水稻6万斤,亩产红薯120万斤的报道后,不禁对党
+
It was just that shopping was very inconvenient. He used to greet the salesman: Comrade, please weigh something for me. How can he call someone a comrade now? He was no longer a comrade. However, when he said, "You, weigh something for me" without previous thinking, it was impolite.
−
心悦诚服ーー国家现在能取得这么大的成绩,自然和清除“右派”有关系。自己成 了“右派”,也值得了。
 
  
−
就是买东西很不方便。以前可以招呼售货员:同志,请你给我称点什么。现在 怎么可以叫人家同志呢?你已经不是人家的同志了。可是,上去就没头没脑地说, 你给我称点什么,又觉得不礼貌。
+
其实售货员谁知道你是“右派”？你自己干吗老给自己念紧箍咒？问题是党治国的确相信了自己是“右派”。因为他至诚地相信党,相信党的每一项运动,不再相信自己。
  
−
其实售货员谁知道你是“右派”?你自己干吗老给自己念紧箍咒?问题是党 治国的确相信了自己是“右派”。因为他至诚地相信党,相信党的每ー项运动,不 再相信自己。
+
In fact, how can a salesman know that you are a "rightist"? Why do you always read yourself the Band-tightening Spell? The problem was that Dang Zhiguo really believed that he was a "rightist". Because he sincerely believed in the party, believes in every movement of the party, and no longer believed in himself.
  
 
既然相信自己是“右派”,就应该保持当“右派”的自觉性,丝毫马虎不得。
 
既然相信自己是“右派”,就应该保持当“右派”的自觉性,丝毫马虎不得。
  
−
清华大学的“右派”师生们被送到北京木城涧煤矿改造。打风钻。放炮。挖 煤。背煤。1960年底,被开除了学籍的党治国回到家乡韩城县。这就是他的家乡 吗?棉花掉了一地没人拣;红薯地里,农民们只拣面上的,不管地下的;干活不记エ 分;吃饭不要钱。每家的小锅都砸了大炼钢铁了。1959年的誓师会上已经喊出了 小麦亩产100万斤。1960年的韩城人每天的粮食却不够半斤。西安火车站挤满了 从各地逃荒来的人。
+
Since he believed that he was a "rightist", he thought that we should keep our consciousness of being "rightists", and we should not be careless at all.
 +
 
 +
清华大学的“右派”师生们被送到北京木城涧煤矿改造。打风钻。放炮。挖煤。背煤。1960年底,被开除了学籍的党治国回到家乡韩城县。这就是他的家乡吗?棉花掉了一地没人拣;红薯地里,农民们只拣面上的,不管地下的;干活不记工分;吃饭不要钱。每家的小锅都砸了大炼钢铁了。1959年的誓师会上已经喊出了小麦亩产100万斤。1960年的韩城人每天的粮食却不够半斤。西安火车站挤满了从各地逃荒来的人。
 +
 
 +
The "rightist" teachers and students in Tsinghua University were sent to Muchengjian Coal Mine in Beijing for reeducation, using the pneumatic drill and gunpowder, digging for coal and pulling coal. At the end of 1960, Dang, who was expelled from school, returned to his hometown, Hancheng County. Was this his hometown? Cotton fell all over the ground and no one picked it; In the sweet potato field, farmers only picked the one on the surface, regardless of those underground; Work points were useless; There was no need to pay money for dinner. Every small pot has been smashed to manufacture steel. At the pep rally in 1959, it was shouted that the yield per mu of wheat was 1 million jin. In 1960, however, Hancheng people didn't have half a jin of food every day. Xi'an railway station was crowded with people fleeing from all over the country.
  
 
这就是亩产多少万斤的结果?
 
这就是亩产多少万斤的结果?
  
−
人有多大胆,地有多大产。思想有多好,产量有多高。这些荒谬的事,为什么 没有人出来提意见? “反右”的损失首先不是把几十万人打成“右派”,而是否定了 ー个民主原则一让人讲话的原则。
+
This was the result of thousands of jin per mu?
 +
 
 +
人有多大胆,地有多大产。思想有多好,产量有多高。这些荒谬的事,为什么 没有人出来提意见? “反右”的损失首先不是把几十万人打成“右派”,而是否定了一个民主原则——让人讲话的原则。
 +
 
 +
The bolder people are, the more productive the fields will be. The better the ideological awareness is, the higher the production will be. Why didn't anyone come out to give advice on these absurd things? First of all, the loss of "anti-rightist" is not to label hundreds of thousands of people as "rightists", but to deny a democratic principle—the principle of making people speak.
  
 
唐代长安诗人写过一首有名的《宫词》:
 
唐代长安诗人写过一首有名的《宫词》:
 +
 +
A poet living in Chang'an in Tang Dynasty wrote a famous Gong Ci (a kind of poetry depicting daily trivia of emperors in the imperial court):
  
 
“寂寂花时闭院门,美人相并立琼轩。含情欲说宫中事,鹦鹉前头不敢言。”
 
“寂寂花时闭院门,美人相并立琼轩。含情欲说宫中事,鹦鹉前头不敢言。”
  
−
面对“鹦鹉前头不敢言”的局面,党治国认真地开始了他的怀疑。一天吃不到 多少东西,所以也干不了多少活。他开始大量读书,尤其是读马列著作。三十多年 后他在ー篇文章里写道:“当不承认重力规律的人从高山上往下跳的时候,重力规 律不因为得不到这个人的承认而退避三舍。同样,当个人意志、国家意志以至全社 会意志不承认某ー经济规律的时候,这ー经济规律不仅仍然要发生作用,而且发生 作用的方式是相当无情和揶揄的。”“有计划的盲目生产比之生产的无政府状态对 生产的破坏更大。”
+
"Many doors of the palace are closed, and people feel lonely even when flowers bloom. Before the gorgeous window, beauties stand side by side. They want to tell the story of the palace with tender affection, but don’t dare to speak easily as a parrot is in front."
 +
 
 +
面对“鹦鹉前头不敢言”的局面,党治国认真地开始了他的怀疑。一天吃不到多少东西,所以也干不了多少活。他开始大量读书,尤其是读马列著作。三十多年后他在一篇文章里写道:“当不承认重力规律的人从高山上往下跳的时候,重力规律不因为得不到这个人的承认而退避三舍。同样,当个人意志、国家意志以至全社会意志不承认某一经济规律的时候,这一经济规律不仅仍然要发生作用,而且发生作用的方式是相当无情和揶揄的。”“有计划的盲目生产比之生产的无政府状态对生产的破坏更大。”
 +
 
 +
Faced with the situation that "don’t dare to speak easily as a parrot is in front", Dang Zhiguo seriously doubted something. As he can't eat much in one day, he can't do much work. He began to read a lot of books, especially Marxist-Leninist works. More than 30 years later, he wrote in an article: "When a person who does not recognize the law of gravity jumps down from a high mountain, the law of gravity will not be invalid even if it is not recognized by this person. Similarly, when the will of the individual, the state and even the whole society do not recognize a certain economic law, this economic law not only still has to work, but also the way it works is quite ruthless and embarrassing." "The planned blind production is more destructive to production than it in a state of anarchy."
 +
 
 +
计划经济要是违反了经济规律,就不是个别的、偶然的违反,而是整体的“有计划”地违反,后果自然严重。
 +
 
 +
If the planned economy violates economic laws, it is not an violation individually or accidentally, but an overall "planned" violation, so the consequences are naturally serious.
 +
 
 +
党治国在发生一种变化:由当“右派”的自觉性向做人的自觉性变化。他那长自黄河边的古朴而青春的体内,自信心正在恢复。他写了一副对联:
  
−
计划经济要是违反了经济规律,就不是个别的、偶然的违反,而是整体的“有计 划”地违反,后果自然严重。
+
A change was taking place in Dang Zhiguo: from the consciousness of being a "rightist" to the consciousness of being a man. His self-confidence was recovering in the simple and youthful body that grew from the Yellow River. He wrote a couplet:
  
−
党治国在发生一种变化:由当“右派”的自觉性向做人的自觉性变化。他那长 自黄河边的古朴而青春的体内,自信心正在恢复。他写了一副对联:
+
常保数百卷书千载不做小人 时缺几十斤粮一身仍是大汉
  
−
常保数百卷书千载不做小人时缺几十斤粮一身仍是大汉
+
If you can keep hundreds of books regularly, you will not be reduced to a lowly profession for thousands of years; Even though you lack dozens of jin of food sometimes, you is still a man
  
 
“文化革命”的经济根源
 
“文化革命”的经济根源
  
−
胸挺腰直,血液畅通,大脑能得到丰富的血液供应,人的思维能力便能达到最 佳点。党治国为了获得思维的最佳点,每天劳动回来,必定端坐在床前读《资本 论》。或者说,是因为需要啃下《资本论》,他オ找到这个最佳点。
+
The Economic Root of the Cultural Revolution
 +
 
 +
胸挺腰直,血液畅通,大脑能得到丰富的血液供应,人的思维能力便能达到最佳点。党治国为了获得思维的最佳点,每天劳动回来,必定端坐在床前读《资本论》。或者说,是因为需要啃下《资本论》,他才找到这个最佳点。
 +
 
 +
When the chest is straight, the blood is unblocked, the brain can get rich blood supply, so people's thinking ability can reach the best point. In order to get the best point of thinking, Dang must sit upright in front of the bed and read Capital: A Critique of Political Economy after he came back from work every day. In other words, because he needed to understand this book, he found this best point.
 +
 
 +
这是1970年2月,“右派”党治国在理所当然地历经批斗、游街等等“文革”系列把戏之后,被判了20年徒刑。
  
−
这是!970年2月,“右派”党治国在理所当然地历经批斗、游街等等“文革”系 列把戏之后,被判了 20年徒刑。
+
In February 1970, the "rightist" Dang Zhiguo was sentenced to 20 years in prison after the series of tricks of the Cultural Revolution, such as struggle session and street parading.
  
 
“我说老党,”同室关押的犯人问他,“你判刑最长,怎么不见你发愁呢?”
 
“我说老党,”同室关押的犯人问他,“你判刑最长,怎么不见你发愁呢?”
 +
 +
"Hey, old Dang," asked the inmate in his room, "you have been sentenced the longest. Why don't you worry?"
  
 
“愁什么?”
 
“愁什么?”
 +
 +
"Worry about what?"
  
 
“等你20年刑满释放出来,你都50多岁了!”
 
“等你20年刑满释放出来,你都50多岁了!”
 +
 +
"When you are released from prison for 20 years, you are in your 50s!"
  
 
“不会的。”
 
“不会的。”
 +
 +
"It won't happen."
  
 
“怎么不会?你现在35岁,再过20年,不是55岁?”
 
“怎么不会?你现在35岁,再过20年,不是55岁?”
  
−
“不会关这么长。20年是他们的意志。但社会的发展不是以他们的意志为转 移的。我相信规律。我相信我最多坐1〇年牢。”
+
"Why not? You're 35 now, 20 years from now, not 55?"
 +
 
 +
“不会关这么长。20年是他们的意志。但社会的发展不是以他们的意志为转移的。我相信规律。我相信我最多坐10年牢。”
 +
 
 +
"I won't be locked up for so long. Twenty years is their will. But the development of society is not transferred by their will. I believe in laws. I believe I need to be in prison for 10 years at most."
  
−
“嘿!那你整天看《资本论》,演算数学题干什么?瞧瞧,什么价值、增长额、エ 资、劳动目的!”
+
“嘿!那你整天看《资本论》,演算数学题干什么？瞧瞧,什么价值、增长额、工资、劳动目的!”
 +
 
 +
"Hey! Then why do you read the Capital: A Critique of Political Economy and calculate math problems all day? Look, value, growth, salary and labor purpose!"
  
 
“我要研究资本家有多少钱,”党治国狡黠地一笑,“将来我好管理这些钱。”
 
“我要研究资本家有多少钱,”党治国狡黠地一笑,“将来我好管理这些钱。”
  
−
自然这是一句戏言。不过他在潜意识里认定自己只要不死,就要研究经济问 题,研究尚被忽略、但非解决不可的经济问题。因为问题已经愈来愈清晰地显示出 来了:一切社会变革的后面,都有经济规律的作用。他党治国落到20年在押犯的 地步,中国落到全国上下“脱产闹革命”的地步,绝不仅仅是错误思想的产物,而是 有深刻的经济根源的。
+
"I want to study how much money capitalists have," Dang said with a sly smile. "I can manage this money in the future."
 +
 
 +
自然这是一句戏言。不过他在潜意识里认定自己只要不死,就要研究经济问题,研究尚被忽略、但非解决不可的经济问题。因为问题已经愈来愈清晰地显示出来了:一切社会变革的后面,都有经济规律的作用。他党治国落到20年在押犯的地步,中国落到全国上下“脱产闹革命”的地步,绝不仅仅是错误思想的产物,而是有深刻的经济根源的。
 +
 
 +
Naturally, this is a joke. However, he subconsciously thought that as long as he did not die, he would study economic problems, which were still neglected but must be solved. Because the problem has become more and more clear: behind all social changes, there are economic laws. It was not only the product of wrong ideas, but also had profound economic roots that he became a prisoner for 20 years and people all over the country left their company to work for a revolution.
 +
 
 +
（当然,那时的党治国还不知道中国有个“四人帮”——本人侧重谈经济。）
 +
 
 +
(Of course, at that time, Dang did not know that there was a Gang of Four in China. I focused on the economy.)
  
−
（当然,那时的党治国还不知道中国有个“四人帮”ーー本人侧重谈经济。）
+
经过三年困难时期,我们汲取了一些教训,采取了一些措施。经济得到发展后,必然要求上层建筑有相应的变革。发展了的生产カ必然要求生产关系有相应的变革。这就激化了变革的力量和反变革的力量的斗争。于是批“三自一包”,批“修正主义”。于是高呼“无产阶级专政万岁”。
  
−
经过三年困难时期,我们汲取了一些教训,采取了一些措施。经济得到发展 后,必然要求上层建筑有相应的变革。发展了的生产カ必然要求生产关系有相应 的变革。这就激化了变革的力量和反变革的力量的斗争。于是批“三自ー包”,批 “修正主义”。于是高呼“无产阶级专政万岁”。
+
After three difficult years, we have learned some lessons and taken some measures. After the development of economy, it is inevitable to require corresponding changes in superstructure. Developed production inevitably requires corresponding changes in production relations. This intensifies the struggle between the forces of change and the forces against change. Therefore, we criticized the agricultural economic policy including managing our own land, free market and taking responsibility for our own profits and losses and household responsibility system. We also criticized revisionism. So we shouted "Long live the dictatorship of the proletariat".
  
 
热昏的头脑是无从知道自己的疯狂行为后边的真实原因的。党治国知道。不 是因为他的头脑比人家清醒,而是因为他的经历和感受为他提供了他需要弄清的 思想。1957年他在“清华”眼睁睁地看到那些代表先进生产カ的专家、教授被专了 政。他自己本是满怀着到祖国最艰苦的地方去的理想而报考了清华水利系。他受 了《远离莫斯科的地方》这本小说的影响。他要远离大城市。艰苦的环境本身就 是ー种吸引力。与困难做斗争本身就是ー种吸引力。去做别人做不到的事就是ー 种吸引力。为伟大理想献身就是ー种吸引力。一个全省第一的学生满怀献身的热 情出现在清华水利系,这在50年代自然也是先进生产カ的ー个分子,因此也难逃 被专政的命运。
 
热昏的头脑是无从知道自己的疯狂行为后边的真实原因的。党治国知道。不 是因为他的头脑比人家清醒,而是因为他的经历和感受为他提供了他需要弄清的 思想。1957年他在“清华”眼睁睁地看到那些代表先进生产カ的专家、教授被专了 政。他自己本是满怀着到祖国最艰苦的地方去的理想而报考了清华水利系。他受 了《远离莫斯科的地方》这本小说的影响。他要远离大城市。艰苦的环境本身就 是ー种吸引力。与困难做斗争本身就是ー种吸引力。去做别人做不到的事就是ー 种吸引力。为伟大理想献身就是ー种吸引力。一个全省第一的学生满怀献身的热 情出现在清华水利系,这在50年代自然也是先进生产カ的ー个分子,因此也难逃 被专政的命运。

Revision as of 10:20, 7 May 2023

Please translate from Chinese to English and use the Report_CN_EN#List_of_Common_Terms. Also, you can jump back to the course homepage here: Chinese_Classics_Translation_Spring_2023

Contents

1. Translator 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《岭南万户皆春色》Lingnan Englisch Proofreader: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi (translated until here: https://bou.de/u/wiki/Lingnan_Englisch#.E6.9D.8E.E6.A2.93.E7.8E.89_Li_Ziyu), rest: 76000 characters

2. Translator: 陈彦希 Chen Yanxi《金银潭抗疫纪事》Goldbank Englisch Proofreader: 李心田 Li Xintian (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters

3. Translator: 李心田 Li Xintian Report_CN_EN_01 Proofreader: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia (currently being translated by professionals), 120000 characters

4. Translator: 廖璐佳 Liao Lujia Report_CN_EN_02 Proofreader: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

5. Translator: 谢佳玉 Xie Jiayu Report_CN_EN_03 Proofreader: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan 《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

6. Translator: 张玉燕 Zhang Yuyan Report_CN_EN_04 Proofreader: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

7. Translator: 周晓兰 Zhou Xiaolan Report_CN_EN_05 Proofreader: 陈婧 Chen Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

8. Translator: 陈婧 Chen Jing Report_CN_EN_06 Proofreader: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

9. Translator: 梁昕璐 Liang Xinlu Report_CN_EN_07 Proofreader: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

10. Translator: 张文琦 Zhang Wenqi Report_CN_EN_08 Proofreader: 付静 Fu Jing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

11. Translator: 付静 Fu Jing Report_CN_EN_09 Proofreader: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

12. Translator: 夏玲珑 Xia Linglong Report_CN_EN_10 Proofreader: 李彦 Li Yan《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

13. Translator: 李彦 Li Yan Report_CN_EN_11 Proofreader: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

14. Translator: 刘雨晴 Liu Yuqing Report_CN_EN_12 Proofreader: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

15. Translator: 王芳玲 Wang Fanglin Report_CN_EN_13 Proofreader: 胡欣怡 Hu Xinyi《大记录》 1087 pp., 1176110 characters

Liao Lujia

卷一：4.船长 Volume1: 4.Master

Master,直译是船长或主人。那么,对他,贝汉廷,怎样译更确切呢?

Master is literally translated as 船长 or 主人. However, how can we translate it more accurately for him, Bei Hanting?

我站在“汉川号”的驾驶台甲板上凭栏远眺,深深地思索着。海风迎面扑来, 新鲜而又湿润。远处,是神秘莫测的大海;近处,海鸥在我的脚下飞翔……

I stand on the bridge deck of the Hanchuan and look out from the fence, thinking deeply. The sea breeze comes head-on, fresh and moist. In the distance, it is the mysterious sea; nearby, seagulls fly under my feet...

刚才,在和海员们的谈话中,有什么搅动了我的心,为了掩饰我的泪水,我才离开船舱。但现在,在这蓝天与大海之间,我仍然不能平静,思绪的波涛追逐着海水,去得很远很远……（I change 冈才 with 刚才）

Just now, in the conversation with the seafarers, something stirred my heart. I leave the cabin in order to hide my tears. But now, between the blue sky and the sea, I still can't calm down. The waves of thoughts chase the sea and go far away…

不知怎么,我ー下子离开主题,忽然想起二十多年前我给小读者写的一首诗, 告诉他们什么叫作海员。

Somehow, I digress from the subject and suddenly remember a poem I wrote to young readers more than 20 years ago, telling them what a seaman was.

我不禁噙泪而笑了。那时我是那样年轻,在生活的海洋里几乎未经沉浮,我懂得海员吗?那时的小读者今天应该也是三十多岁的人了,他们怕也有自己的孩子了。经历过十多年的狂飙巨浪,他们还像儿时那样天真地向往海洋吗?天真,也许 是消失了,但向往——还应该向往。那么,就让我再给他们讲一个海员的故事吧!（I change 嚙 with 噙）

I couldn't help laughing with tears. At that time, I was so young and hardly experienced ups and downs in the ocean of life. Did I know seafarers? The young readers at that time should be in their thirties today, and I guess they have had their own children. After experiencing more than ten years of surging waves, do they still yearn for the ocean as naively as they did when they were children? Innocence may have disappeared, but yearning should still exist. Then, let me tell them another story about a seaman!

讲ー个海员,ー个水手,ー个船长,ー个master的真实的故事吧……

I will tell a true story of a seaman, a sailor, a captain and a master...

汉堡港的变奏

Variations on the Port of Hamburg

汉堡港是美丽的。岸上,一幢幢红色和黄色的建筑物;港口,碧蓝的海水翻卷着银白的浪花……

Port of Hamburg was beautiful. On the shore, red and yellow buildings could be seen. In the port, the turquoise sea water rolled over the white waves...

汉堡港是忙碌的。每天来来往往,穿梭着各国的船舶,码头上吊杆起落……但工人的脚步是稳重的,德国人原是出名的有秩序。ー百多年来,汉堡港早就形成了 自己的节奏ーー有条不紊,按部就班,寓丰富于单纯,多变化而又精密……就像成熟的乐队演奏熟悉的乐曲。

The Port of Hamburg was busy. In it were ships shuttling from all over the world, and the suspenders on the docks rising and falling... But the workers' footsteps are steady, because the Germans were famous for their order. For more than 100 years, Port of Hamburg has formed its own rhythm in an orderly manner, which was content-rich but simple, varied but precise… Just like a mature band playing familiar music.

但,有一次,汉堡港竟改变了它正常的节奏:港口、码头、装卸公司、服务公司频 繁来往,电话不断;货主、代理、大小工头、理货组长和工人们都激动不已,甚至连正 好停泊在港口、有尊严而又自信的十几个老船长也打破常规,开了一条小艇,集体下海去了。

However, on one occasion, Port of Hamburg changed its normal rhythm: ports, docks, loading and unloading companies and service companies frequently came and went, and telephone calls continued; shippers, agents, foremen, chief tallymen and workmen were so excited that even a dozen dignified and confident old masters, who happened to moor their ships in the port, broke the routine and sailed a small boat and went to the sea.

是什么引起了这骚动呢?台风吗?惊涛骇浪吗?都不是。一百多年的港口了,任何风浪都改变不了它的节奏。

What caused the commotion? Typhoon? The stormy waves? Neither. A port with more than 100-year history was not susceptible to any wind or waves.

使得汉堡港变奏的,说也奇怪,是一条船,就是中国远洋公司上海分公司的这艘远洋货轮——“汉川号”。

What made it change, strange to say, was a ship. That was the ocean-going freighter Hanchuan belonging to Shanghai Branch of China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company.

码头上人头攒动,指指点点,“汉川”“汉川”之声不绝。有的人还特地带了老婆孩子来参观,说是让他们见见世面。明媚的阳光,彩色的裙衫,童声稚气的欢笑, 一下子使得汉堡港这支一百多年的古曲,焕发出青春的明丽,奏出了奇异而动人的旋律。

The dock was jam-packed with people, who were pointing and shouting "Hanchuan" endlessly. Some people even brought their wives and children to see the elephant. Bright sunshine, colorful skirts and childish laughter suddenly made Port of Hamburg, an ancient song for more than 100 years, glow with youthful beauty and play a bizarre and moving melody.

这是1978年4月的一个星期天。

It was a Sunday in April 1978.

故事却要从3月说起……

But the story begins in March...

3月21日,“汉川号”在驶欧途中接到公司电报,返航时在汉堡港装运天津化纤厂成套设备,国内急用!

On March 21st, the Hanchuan received a telegram from its company on its way to Europe, and it was asked to ship complete sets of equipment for Tianjin Chemical Fiber Factory in Port of Hamburg when returning home, because it was urgently needed in China!

但抵港之后,港口却给安排了一些杂货。原来代理认为中国船根本运不了这套设备,因为这套设备极不规则,很多都是超长、超高、超重件,且又贵重,其中任何 ー个部件有任何一点损坏或漏运,都会误工误时,造成严重损失。何况按照惯例, 港口从来都把贵重的成套设备交给他们认为工效最高的德国船运。当然,这些话并未直说,说的是:“这套设备任何一条船也装不下,‘汉川号’尽可以运别的货嘛。”

But after arriving in the port, they were arranged some groceries. Originally, the agent thought that Chinese ships could not transport this set of equipment at all, because it was extremely irregular, and many of them were super-long, super-high, overweight and expensive. Any damage or missed shipment of any parts would cause serious losses. Besides, by convention, ports always hand over valuable complete sets of equipment to German ships that they think are the most efficient. Of course, agents did not say that directly, but said: "This set of equipment can't be put in any ship. Why doesn’t Hanchuan transport other goods?"

但是,以贝汉廷为首的“汉川号”还认准了非装这批货不可!理由嘛:一是国内急需;二是成套设备运输费高;三是你外国人能做的,我们中国人就也能做,凭什么小看人！当然,这话也没直说,说的是：“谢谢你们的好意,但是我们可以一船装走。我们行!”

However, the Hanchuan headed by Bei Hanting held that this batch of goods must be loaded! Reasons are as follows: First, it is urgently needed in China; Second, the transportation cost of complete sets of equipment is high; Third, what you foreigners can do, we Chinese can also do, so why underestimate people! Of course, these words were not spitted out. They were: Thank you for your kindness, but we can load it in one boat. We can do it!"

行不行,这可不像国内搞大批判、揪“走资派”那么容易。只要戴上袖章,抢过话筒,哇里哇啦喊一通,谁帽子大、上纲高,谁就胜利。这可是国际港口,面对的都是专家,ー张嘴就知道你有多少斤两,空话、大话引来的只有讪笑。何况这是航海, 是科学,大海可不是被剥夺了一切权利的“走资派”,大海是要发言的,稍有一点儿 不实事求是,不科学,它就要惩罚你！就会让你船覆货沉,葬身鱼腹。因此,这个“行”字可是一字千金,开不得半点儿玩笑！

It was not as easy as criticizing others massively and finding capitalist roaders in China. As long as you put on your armband, grab the microphone, shout loudly, have great power and regard the problem as class conflicts, you will win. However, this was an international port, and all of them faced experts. They would know your ability when you said something. Empty talk and big talk only attracted laughter. Besides, this was about navigation and science. The sea was not a capitalist roader deprived of all rights. The sea wanted to speak. If you didn’t think of the real situation and science, it will punish you! It will make your ship sink and the goods fall in the belly of a fish. Therefore, the sentence "We can do it" was full of pearls of wisdom, which couldn’t be a joke!

贝汉廷是有名的老船长了,他坚持说“行”,外国人也不得不掂量掂量,于是ー 伸手说:“拿来！”“什么？”“配载图。”贝汉廷微笑着摊开了图纸。行家搭眼一看就愣住了,不由得脱口说了一个“好”！

Bei Hanting was a famous old master. He insisted on saying "yes", and foreigners had to ponder it, so they reached out and said, "Give me!", "What?" "Cargo plan." Bei Hanting smiled and spread out the drawing. The experts were stunned when they looked at it, and couldn't help blurting out "good"!

这是一幅何等详尽的配载图啊!图上布满了密密麻麻的图形和数字,成千上万个部件,不仅各有各的装载部位,而且件件有尺码,有重量,有体积,件件有标号。

What a detailed cargo plan this was! The drawing was full of figures and numbers, and thousands of parts. It not only had their own loading parts, but also had sizes, weights, volumes and labels.

可怎么有几件甲板货高出了船舱,伸出了船舷?这可是不安全的吧?……

But how can several deck cargo be higher than the cabin and extend out of the port and starboard? This was not safe, was it?

谁知贝汉廷笑嘻嘻地说出了到达、离港及航行中最佳、最差稳心的全部计算数据,同时还分析了4月的沿途气候:英吉利海峡怎样,直布罗陀海峡如何;比斯开湾及北大西洋的冬季风暴已过,地中海也如此;印度洋虽长期平均六七级风,但此刻 西南季风盛行的季节还未开始……沿途均属无风暴间隙,正是一年里航海的黄金季节。当然,也可能出现最坏情况,那就是印度洋阿拉伯海南部东经60度以东提前开始西南季风,可能出现八九级大风,那也没关系,我们可以采取改变航向、变更 航速、减轻正面迎风及开慢车等ー系列技术措施嘛!

It was surprised that Bei Hanting smiled and said all the calculation data of the best and worst metacenter in arrival, departure and navigation, and also analyzed the climate along the way in April: what is the English Channel and the Strait of Gibraltar; Winter storms have passed in the Bay of Biscay and the North Atlantic, as have the Mediterranean; Although the Indian Ocean has a long-term average of strong breeze and near gale, the season when the southwest monsoon prevails has not yet started... There is no storm gap along the way, which is the golden season of sailing in a year. Of course, the worst case may occur, that is, the southwest monsoon starts ahead of schedule to the east of 60 degrees east longitude in the southern Arabian Sea of the Indian Ocean, and there may be fresh gale or strong gale. It doesn't matter. We can take a series of technical measures such as changing course and speed, reducing frontal windward and sailing slowly!

好一个贝汉廷!这哪里是什么配载图及其注释,简直是一份科学报告!德国 人不由得伸出手拍着贝汉廷的肩说:“祝贺你有个好大副。”贝汉廷彬彬有礼地躬 了一下身说:“谢谢。”

What a knowledgeable man! This was not a cargo plan and its annotations, but a scientific report! The German couldn't help reaching out and patting Bei Hanting on the shoulder and saying, "Congratulations on having a good chief officer." Bei Hanting bowed politely and said, "Thank you."

德国人哪里想得到,这张配载图早已超出了大副的业务范围,它是船长、政委、大副和所有技术力量27个不眠之夜的结晶。是他们,利用卸货期每天拿着尺子跑 码头,将货物一件件量了过来,并根据船舱甲板所有部位的不同形状、结构及负荷, 经过反复的核算和排列,求出了这种最合理的配载方案。

The Germans can’t figure out that this cargo plan has long been beyond the business scope of the chief officer. It is the fruit of 27 sleepless nights of master, the secretary of the commissar, chief officer and all technical forces. It was they who ran to the dock with a ruler every day during the unloading period, measured the goods one by one, and worked out the most reasonable stowage scheme after repeated accounting and arrangement according to the different shapes, structures and loads of all parts of the cabin deck.

那些日子里,全船像要参加国际棋赛ー样,把货舱、甲板的布置图纸（1：100）贴在木板上,把货物按比例缩小做成硬纸模型,反复组合,这盘特殊的“棋”足足对弈了几百次……

In those days, workers in the whole ship seemed to participate in the international chess game. They pasted the layout drawings of the cargo hold and deck (1: 100) on the wooden board, and the cargo was scaled down to make a cardboard model, which was repeatedly combined. This special chess was played hundreds of times...

代理不知道,但他被科学说服了,于是开始装货。

The agent didn't know, but he was persuaded by science, so he started loading up.

一号工头吉亚特是个有几十年工龄的行家里手,两撇小胡子,矮小而精明,极有本事又看不起中国人。“汉川号”的大副根本指挥不动他。

Gyatt, a lead foreman, was an expert with decades of length of service. He was short and shrewd, with a moustache on his face, and despised Chinese people. The chief officer of Hanchuan couldn't command him at all.

在装第三舱时,吉亚特自作主张将其中两个大件不按配载图装。贝汉廷接到 报告后匆匆赶到现场与他理论时,エ头满不在乎地拍着胸脯说:“我有把握!”

When loading the third cabin, Gyatt took the initiative to load two large pieces without following the cargo plan. When Bei Hanting hurried to the scene to argue with him after receiving the report, he patted his chest carelessly and said, "I am sure!"

贝汉廷再三劝阻他:“这样你会被动的。”

Bei Hanting repeatedly dissuaded him: "Then you will be in a dilemma."

吉亚特翘着小胡子说:“我从来没有被动过。”

Gyatt said with his moustache cocking, "I have never been in a dilemma."

“如果最后装不下,由你重装,误エ误期一切损失由你负责。”

"If it can't be installed in the end, you will reload them, and you will be responsible for all the losses caused by the delay."

“那是自然。”吉亚特说。

"Of course." Gyatt said.

一天过去了,两天过去了,第三天吉亚特满头大汗地来找贝汉廷:果然,ー个 16米的大件放不下去了,硬放下去也关不上舱盖,而不关舱盖是不能启航的,何况舱盖上早已计划好了配载别的货物呢！贝汉廷早已有话在先,这一下,骄傲的工头可卡了壳啦!支部动员了全船的技术力量,重新修正部分配载,在中德两国工人的 共同努力下,最后把一个大件的包装木箱锯掉了一个角,用四个铲车斜着铲了进去,稳稳当当地盖上了舱盖。在场的工人都拍手称好,大叫“精彩”。小胡子吉亚特摊开双手,耸了耸肩说：“太奇妙了 !这些货简直是按你们船舱的尺码定做的!”从此他客气得不得了,工人装货尺寸稍有出入,他立即纠正说：“不,不,请按配载图!”

One day passed. Two days passed. And on the third day, Gyatt, sweating profusely, came to Bei Hanting. Without doubt, a 16-meter-long piece could not be put down, and the hatch cover could not be closed if it was put down forcefully, and it was impossible to set sail without closing the hatch cover, not to mention that other goods had already been planned on the hatch cover! Bei Hanting had already said something first, so the proud foreman was in a dilemma! The branch mobilized the technical force of the whole ship and revised part of the stowage. With the joint efforts of Chinese and German workers, it finally sawed off a corner of a large packing wooden box, shoveled it in obliquely with four forklifts, and covered the hatch cover firmly. All the workers on the scene clapped their hands and shouted "wonderful". Moustache Gyatt spread out his hands, shrugged his shoulders and said, "It's fantastic! These goods are simply customized according to the size of your cabin!" From then on, he was extremely polite, and when the loading conducted by workers was different, he immediately corrected and said, "No, no, please load according to the cargo plan!"

货装妥了。代理等人纷纷上船祝贺,一致说：“像这样的货,我们德国有经验的 老水手也绑不好,何况贵船海员多是新手。这么娇贵的货,弄坏一件可不得了哇!这船货,你们公司发财了,光运费就200多万外汇。花几个绑扎费也值得。”

After the goods had been loaded, agents and others boarded the ship to congratulate one after another, and unanimously said, "We experienced old sailors in Germany can't tie goods like this, not to mention that most sailors on your ship are novices. It's terrible to break one of such delicate goods! With this cargo, your company has made a fortune, and the freight alone is more than 2 million foreign exchanges. It is worthwhile to spend more binding fees."

但是,“汉川号”仍然决定自己来绑扎:一是自己绑的货心中有数,便于途中检查;二是我国远洋事业在飞速发展,正好借此锤炼海员;三呢,绑扎费用要好几万马克,船员们舍不得。于是ー场绑扎大战开始了。

However, workers in the Hanchuan still decided to bind themselves. First, the goods tied by themselves are familiar for them, which is convenient for inspection on the way; Second, China's ocean-going industry is developing rapidly, so it’s a good chance for seafarers; Third, the binding fees is tens of thousands DM, and the crew are short of cash. So a binding war began.

有的同志背拉着50多米的钢丝绳爬上了6米高的圆锅炉;有的钻到货物下面仰身安装克莱姆;有的在装得满满的、侧身难行的货物间来回运送绑扎材料;有的用墨线一一记下货物位置,以便在风浪中随时检查有无移位……手勒肿了,不哼一声;人累瘦了,不肯休息;年轻的小泮磕掉了门牙也在所不惜。这一切的一切,都是为了在“四化”的储蓄罐里投下一枚枚外汇!

Some workers climbed the 6-meter-high round boiler with more than 50 meters of wire rope on their backs; Some squeezed through the goods and installed Clem by laying upon their backs; Some transported binding materials back and forth between full goods that were difficult for people to walk sideways; Some used ink lines to write down the position of the goods so as to check whether there was displacement at any time in the wind and waves... Although their hands were swollen, they didn’t complain ; Although they lost weight because of tiredness, they refused to rest. Young Pan knocked out his front teeth for binding regardless of the cost. All this was to cast foreign exchanges in the piggy bank of the "Four Modernizations"!

绑扎前验货师曾再三威胁说:绑扎不合格绝不发证书。第一天,贝船长陪他检验一遭,共同找出了几处毛病,他摇了摇头,大不以为然。但是,从第二天起,他就再也找不出毛病了。第三天,他竟然未等绑扎完毕就开来了检货证明,并且声称他已不必再到船上来了,因为贝船长的要求比他更严格。他说:“这样的绑法在海上 船摇三四十度也不会出问题,我相信我的眼睛。”

Before binding, the inspector repeatedly stressed that the certificate would never be issued if the binding was unqualified. On the first day, Master Bei accompanied him to inspect and found out several problems together. He shook his head and disagreed. However, from the next day, he couldn't find anything wrong. On the third day, he sent the inspection certificate before the binding was finished, and claimed that he didn't have to come to the ship again because Captain Bai was more strict. He said: "This binding method will not cause problems even when the ship tilts 30 or 40 degrees at sea. I believe my eyes."

“汉川号”就是这样引起了汉堡港的变奏,为我国的海员,为我们的祖国争得了荣誉。

This is how the Hanchuan caused the variation of the Port of Hamburg, and won honor for our seafarers and our motherland.

于是就来到了 4月的那个明媚的星期天。在妇女和孩子的欢呼声中,那个交通小艇坐得满满的,绕着“汉川号”转,为的是让行家的眼睛记下“汉川号”甲板配 载的各个角度。他们不断地发出赞叹之声,好像着迷的观众围在舞台四周对心爱的艺术家喝彩一样。

So it came to the bright Sunday in April. Amid the cheers of women and children, the traffic boat was full and turned around the Hanchuan, so that the experts could remember the various angles of the deck stowage of the Hanchuan. They kept making sounds of admiration, as if fascinated audience gathered around the stage to cheer for their beloved artists.

而引起如此轰动的“汉川号”船长贝汉廷不但没有频频谢幕,反而连面也没露,他满头大汗地躲在船舱里和政委、大副们ー起商量怎样婉谢一定要上船拍照的报社和电视台的记者。

Bei Hanting, the master of the Hanchuan, who caused such a sensation, not only did not show his gratitude frequently, but did not even appear. He hid in the cabin sweating profusely and discussed with the secretary of the commissars and chief officer how to decline the reporters of newspapers and TV stations who must take pictures on board.

“今天想起来,是多么愚蠢啊!拒绝人家给我们免费宣传。”贝汉廷笑着对我说可那会儿,思想就是没解放嘛!当然,后来在我们离港时,他们还是从雷达站上进行了拍照,而且登在报上说:‘这是汉堡港ー百多年没有过的……’”

"How stupid it is to think of it today! Refuse them to promote us for free." Bei Hanting said to me with a smile, “but at that time, we don’t emancipate the mind! When we left the port later, however, they took photos from the radar station and published them in the newspaper, saying, ‘This is not seen in the Port of Hamburg for more than 100 years...' "

他挥挥手,不肯说那些赞美之词,怎么也不肯。

He waved his hand and refused to say those compliments, not at all.

从南市来的孩子

Children from Nanshi District

人们说:搞远洋航行的人,应该像大海一样渊博,应该既是航海家,又是科学家,还是艺术家……

People say that those who sail in the ocean should be as knowledgeable as the sea, and should be navigators, scientists and artists...

在没有见到贝汉廷时,我曾猜测过他的相貌。见了面之后,我觉得他——也像,也不像。像,他确实有点科学家的味道,讲起话来有根有据,像计算机一样精确,又像水银一样灵敏。不像嘛,那么小小的个子,穿着一件破衬衫、一条短裤（据说要一直穿到下雪）,待人彬彬有礼,哪里像个威严的船长呢!

Before I saw Bei Hanting, I guessed his appearance. After meeting him, I think he is like a scientist, and is not like a scientist. For the former one, he does have the temperament of a scientist. His words hold water and are as accurate as a computer and as sensitive as mercury. For the latter one, he is such a small man, wearing a broken shirt and shorts (which are said to be worn until it snows), and is polite to others, which has no relationship with a master living in dignity!

我知道他受过很好的教育,是老交通大学航海系的学生,是我们最早的几艘远洋轮的船长之一,有很丰富的航海知识,能说很流利的英语,但他是怎样,又是为什么走向大海的呢?

I know that he is highly educated, and a student of the navigation department of the old Shanghai Jiao Tong University, as he is one of the captains of our earliest ocean-going ships. He has rich navigation knowledge and can speak fluent English. But how and why did he go to the sea?

“我生在上海,从小在南市长大。南市,晓得吗?”

"I was born in Shanghai and grew up in Nanshi. Do you know it?"

南市吗?晓得的。那是共和国成立前上海比较贫困的商业区。小商小贩很多,文化比较落后……随着他的叙述,我想起了那里泥泞的街道,狭窄的店铺,流里流气的白相人,还有衣衫褴褛、面有菜色的黄包车夫和苦力……

Nanshi? I know. It was a poor business district in Shanghai before the founding of the People’s Republic of China. There were many small business hawkers, and the culture was relatively backward... With his narration, I think of muddy streets, narrow shops, frivolous white people, peaky rickshaw drivers and coolies with rags...

“我最小,哥哥姐姐都只上过ー两年小学。后来哥哥做工了,他拼命要让我上学,为这,母亲十分不愿意呢!小学毕业了,在南市就不得了啦,还要上中学!亲戚 朋友都没听说过。可是哥哥坚持,他后来在一个研究院工作,看见过科学家,他认定了科学和文化会给人光明。他一定要让我考中学,而且必须考有名的上海中学。”于是这个从南市来的瘦小而机灵的孩子就这样跨进了中学的大门。上海中学当时是大名鼎鼎的,来上学的多是书香门第和名流的子女。这些孩子学习基础好, 文化素养高。小贝汉廷是多么惊奇地看着有的同学大笔一挥就写出那样优美的作文,老师拿来就在全班朗读。他又是那样羡慕那些数学动不动就拿120分、年年考第一的同学。但是他,贝汉廷,惊奇而不泄气,羡慕而不妒忌。因为哥哥告诉他:身边老有需要追赶的人,就好像道路上老有遥远的路标。它永远召唤你,提醒你——人,是有潜力的,有使你自己都惊奇的潜力呢！于是,小贝汉廷ー步步地追赶着,后来简直是奔跑起来了。

"I am the youngest, and my brother and sister have only attended primary school for one or two years. Later, my brother find a job, and he tried his best to let me go to school. For this, my mother was very reluctant! The graduation from a primary school is a big deal in Nanshi, and I will go to middle school! No relatives or friends have heard of it. But my brother insist that, because he later work in a research institute and saw scientists. He believe that science and culture would give people a bright future. He must let me take an examination of middle school, and the examination of famous middle schools in Shanghai." So this thin and clever child from Nanshi stepped into the gate of middle school. Shanghai Middle School was famous at that time, and most of the students who came to it were children of scholarly families and celebrities. These children have a good learning foundation and high cultural accomplishment. Little Bei Hanting was surprised to see some students write such beautiful compositions, and the teacher took them to read aloud in the whole class. He really admired those students who easily got 120 points in mathematics and got the first place in the exam every year. But he, Bei Hanting, was surprised but not discouraged, envious but not jealous. Because his brother told him: There are always people around who need to catch up, just like there are always distant road signs on the road. They will always call you and remind you that people have potential, and the potential will even surprise yourself! So he chased them step by step, and then he ran to catch up with them.

到了高中,学校分理、工、商科了。妈妈多么希望自己的小儿子能去学商啊！上海中学的商科,各大写字间都抢着要呢。ー个从南市来的孩子能坐进任何一个写字间都是难以想象的幸福啊!因为那就意味着温饱解决了。

In high school, there were science, engineering and business. How a mother wished her little son could study business! Students learning business in Shanghai Middle School were needed in many office buildings. It was unimaginable happiness for a child from Nanshi to sit in any office building! Because that meant he was free from the worries of food and clothing.

但小贝汉廷又一次违背了母亲的意愿,毅然地选择了理科。因为奔跑得越快, 视野就越开阔,知识给人以信心和力量。为什么飞机会飞、火车会跑?为什么瓦特要追求蒸汽机,哥伦布要寻找新大陆?为什么李斯特的《革命挽歌》那样悲怆,契诃夫的《海鸥》忧郁得那样令人窒息,而高尔基的《母亲》却又那样的有力?原来世界上除了老板和学徒、掠夺者和奴才之外还有一种人,这种人不断地追求光明,使人类摆脱愚昧,为生活插上彩色的翅膀,给历史创造奇迹……

But Little Bei Hanting once again went against his mother's wishes and resolutely chose science. Because the faster you run, the wider your vision is, and knowledge gives people confidence and strength. Why do planes fly and trains run? Why did Watt pursue the steam engine and Columbus seek the New World? Why is Liszt's Revolutionary Elegy so sad, Chekhov's The Seagull so suffocating, and Gorky's Mother so powerful? It turns out that in addition to bosses and apprentices, predators and slaves, there is another kind of person in the world, who constantly pursues light, makes human beings get rid of ignorance, inserts colorful wings for life, and creates miracles for history...

世界因有这样的人而更加美好,人类因有这样的创造性劳动者而拉开了和低级动物的距离。小贝汉廷是多么希望也成为这样的人啊!既然生活还有另ー个 界,他就要顽强地向那里迈步,拼了命也要飞跃到那里……

The world is better because of such people, and there are differences between human beings and animals because of such creative workers. How little Bei Hanting wished to be such a person! Since there is another realm in life, he will go there tenaciously and run to there at any cost...

是的,生活和感情都是有不同的境界的,而攀登的每ー步都要付出汗水、心血和力气。小贝汉廷那时是多么恨他的英文老师啊,每星期要背ー课（不是读,而是背）,那么一年就要背52课,真是头也背晕了。可是一年、两年、三年过去,等他能直接阅读莎士比亚和惠特曼时,生活在他面前又展示了一个多么瑰丽的天地……

Yes, life and feelings have different realms, and every step of going forward requires sweat, painstaking efforts and strength. How much Little Bei Hanting hated his English teacher at that time. He had to recite a lesson every week (not reading, but reciting), so he had to recite 52 lessons a year, which was really dizzy. But after one year, two years and three years, life showed him what a magnificent world when he can read Shakespeare and Whitman directly...

而到了现在,当他能用流利的英语、法语在各个港口向外国友人表达中国人民 的情意,同德国人谈歌德、贝多芬、舒曼,同俄国人谈契诃夫、托尔斯泰、柴可夫斯基,同英国人谈拜伦、莎士比亚,同意大利人谈帕格尼尼……看着那些外国人的脸由淡漠变得凝重,由凝重转成钦佩,这个从南市来的孩子是多么高兴、多么满意。这时他是多么感激他的老师,又多么怀念那些顽强攀登的艰辛岁月啊!

And now, when he can express the feelings of Chinese people to foreign friends in various ports in fluent English and French, talk to Germans about Goethe, Beethoven and Schumann, Russians about Chekhov, Tolstoy and Tchaikovsky, British about Byron and Shakespeare, Italians about Paganini... How happy and satisfied this child from Nanshi is to watch those foreigners' faces change from indifference to dignified and to admiration. At this time, how grateful he was to his teachers and how he missed those hard times of going forward tenaciously!

吐血的水手

A Sailor Vomiting Blood

俄国一代名将苏沃洛夫有一句名言:“不想当将军的士兵不是好士兵。”我们的船长贝汉廷有一句与他互为表里的大实话:“没有了水手的船长就不是船长。”

Suvorov, a famous Russian Generalissimo, had a famous saying: "A soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier." Our captain Bei Hanting had a similar sentence: "A captain who doesn’t have sailors is not a captain."

贝汉廷是尊重水手、懂得水手的。他也是从一个水手开始他的海上生活的。当他在东北那艘小泵泵船上实习时,他不但领略了东北零下四十摄氏度那凛冽的严寒,也深切感受到伟大祖国那彻骨的贫寒……

Bei Hanting respected and understood sailors. He also started his life at sea as a sailor. When he was an intern on a small “pump boat” in Northeast China, he not only experienced the cold of minus 40 degrees Celsius in Northeast China, but also deeply felt the poverty of the great motherland...

上海临近解放,这一百多个航海系的学生迅速分化了:有钱有势的去了美国等地。大部分穷学生在隆隆的炮声中最关心的一件事就是跑到外滩,看看可还有船, 如果没有了船,他们可怎么办啊!

When liberation in Shanghai was around the corner, more than 100 students in the navigation department were rapidly divided: rich and powerful one have gone to the United States and other places. The biggest concern for most of the poor students in the rumbling sound of guns was to run to the Bund and see if there was a boat. If there was no boat, what can they do!

而外滩,那熟悉的、桅杆林立的外滩,果真是一片寂静。滔滔的流水映着空空的蓝天,国民党把所有的船都迫驶去运送“撤退”人员和物资,把不能行驶的船都炸沉了。

And the Bund, the familiar Bund with many ships, was really silent. The surging water reflects the blue sky. Kuomintang forced all the ships to transport "evacuated" personnel and materials, and sank all the ships that could not sail.

什么都没有留下啊,留下的只是毁灭性的灾难……

Nothing was left behind, only a devastating disaster...

有的同学改了行,而贝汉廷上了东北这艘小泵泵船。

Some students changed their careers, but Bei Hanting got on this small “pump boat” in Northeast China.

为什么叫泵泵船呢?因为一共不到一百吨,蒸汽机整天泵泵、泵泵地响着,一条小船上只有六个人,还是条漏水的船。每天吃的是咸菜、高粱米,却要日夜轮班用水泵把漏进来的水从船上抽出去。海上的风浪是颠簸的,贝汉廷先是吐食物,后是吐白沫,继而吐苦胆水,最后吐血,但他一边和同志们面对面地、一下一下啪嗒、 啪嗒地压着水泵,一边吐了吃、吃了吐地延续着自己的生命,并把生命交给船……

Why was it called a pump boat? Because it was less than 100 tons in total, the steam engine sounded all day like a pump. There were only six people in a small boat, which was still leaking. They ate pickles and sorghum rice every day, but they had to pump the leaked water from the boat in shifts day and night. The boat flipped because of terrible wind and waves. Bei Hanting first spitted food, then foams at the mouth, then bile, and finally vomited blood. However, he and his partners pumped water out of the boat again and again, while vomiting, eating and spitting to extend their life, and giving it to the boat...

“是日本人吧?”

"You are a Japanese, right?"

大地回春,乍暖还寒。新中国大规模的建设开始了。贝汉廷开始到一艘大船上当实习二副了。船长是个老派的船长,十分严格,每天板着面孔,不苟言笑,穿一身笔挺的制服,右手捏着一副雪白的手套。无论多么大的风雪,见习生也只许站在驾驶台外巡视海面,不许拿望远镜,又不许漏掉一个目标,否则就骂得你狗血喷头。姿势嘛!必须按照条例,手绝对不许插在兜里。零下二十摄氏度也不许吗？是的,不许!零下三十摄氏度呢？也不许!

Spring returned with temperatures fluctuating between warm and cold. The large-scale construction of the People’s Republic of China began. Bei Hanting began to work as an intern Senior Officer on a big ship. The captain is old-school, strict, and discreet with a straight face every day. He was immaculately dressed with a pair of white gloves in his right hand. No matter how heavy the wind and snow were, trainees were only allowed to stand outside the bridge and patrol the sea. They were not allowed to take binoculars, and miss any targets, otherwise the captain would scold you. As for posture, you must never put your hands in your pockets, according to the regulations. Was it not allowed to do this below minus 20 degrees Celsius? Yes! What about minus 30 degrees Celsius? Nor was it allowed!

冬季里只穿一条单裤的贝汉廷有一次实在受不住啦,回头看看没人,刚悄悄把手放进兜里暖暖,后边啪的一脚就踢过来了。

Bei Hanting, who only wore a pair of trousers in winter, once couldn't stand it. Finding no one was in the back, he quietly put his hands in his pocket to warm up, and then the captain kicked his feet behind him.

“打人当然是不对的。”贝汉廷笑着说,“可我也真从他那里受到了严格的训练,学会了一丝不苟。”

"It is certainly wrong to beat people." Bei Hanting said with a smile, "But I really got strict training from him and learned to be meticulous."

俗话说“严师出高徒”,而严师也多半是爱高徒的。那个老船长从来没正眼看过贝汉廷一眼,但在挑选二副时,他点名要贝汉廷。他遭到了反对,但他力排众议：“贝汉廷。”又是一阵反对的浪潮。他却仍然是三个字:“贝汉廷!”

As the saying goes, "A strict teacher nurtures a high-level apprentice", and a strict teacher mostly loves a high-level apprentice. The old captain never paid attention to Bei Hanting, but when selecting the Senior Officer, he named Bei Hanting. He was opposed, but he tried hard to refute and eliminate opposing opinions to maintain his stance: "Bei Hanting." It was another wave of opposition. He still said that name: "Bei Hanting!"

贝汉廷就这样当上了二副,然后就来到了广远公司,开始了远洋航行的那一天。

Bei Hanting became the Senior Officer in this way, and then came to Guangyuan Company and started the ocean voyage.

当船长的幸福贝汉廷今天已记不清了。他记得最清楚的却是当船长的痛苦, 那就是:只要他在海外显示出一点文化教养和科学水平,外国人就要问他:“是日本人吧?”

Bei Hanting has lost count of the happiness of being a captain today. What he remembers most clearly is the pain of being a captain, that is, as long as he shows a little educational background and scientific knowledge overseas, foreigners will ask him: "You are a Japanese, right?"

有一次,在鹿特丹港,一个领港员因为船上一水是中国人而有意刁难,把舵令用英语说得又快又流利,贝汉廷就迎上去和他用英语对话。领港改用法语,贝汉廷也改用法语,然后有意识地用意大利语和西班牙语向领港员问话。

On one occasion, in Port of Rotterdam, a pilot deliberately created difficulties because the able seaman (AB) on board was Chinese. He spoke rudder orders quickly and fluently in English, so Bei Hanting talked with him in English. The pilot changed to French, Bei Hanting also changed to French, and then he consciously questioned the pilot in Italian and Spanish.

这个领港员回答不上来了,却说：“你的一水不行。”

The pilot couldn't answer, so he said, "Your able seaman is not good."

贝汉廷装没听见,他连说三次,贝汉廷火了,说：“你怎么知道他不行?”

Bei Hanting pretended not to hear. He said it three times in a row. Bei Hanting became angry and said, "How do you know he is not skilled?"

“反应太慢。”

"His reaction is too slow."

“那是你没有必要地说得太快,舵令叫得不清楚。”

"That's because you speak too fast, which is not necessary at all, so the rudder orders don't sound clear."

“我要求你换人。”

"I ask you to change your able seaman."

“他是我船上最好的水手。”

"He is the best sailor on my ship."

“中国人没ー个操舵操得好的。”

"All Chinese people don't steer well."

“各国港口的领港员都说他好,只有你一个人说他不行。”

"The pilots of ports in various countries say he is good, and you are the only one who says he can't do it."

“我要求下船。”

"I demand to disembark."

“可以。三副!立即送他下去。拿来!”

"Yes. Junior Officer! Send him down at once. Bring it!"

“什么?”

"What?"

“你的派司。我要在你的引水单上注明,你是一个不合格的引水员,不能给船舶提供良好的协作,从此以后不欢迎你到任何一条中国船上领港。我很遗憾,但看来只好如此了,派司,请!”

"Your pass. I want to indicate on your application for pilot that you are an unqualified pilot and can't collaborate well with ships. From now on, you are not welcome to pilot any Chinese ship. I'm sorry, but it seems that we have to do so. Your pass, please!"

面对如此强硬的船长,那个领港员咕噜了几句,再也不响了。

Facing such a tough master, the pilot muttered a few words and never did this again.

船进了港口,贝汉廷签证了引水单,并没有加任何批注,那位傲慢的引水员十分感激;而那个被船长保护过来的一水,噙着泪水咬着牙,从此日夜念英文……（I changed 嚙 with 噙）

When the ship entered the port, Bei Hanting signed the application for pilot without any comment, and the arrogant pilot was very grateful. For the able seaman protected by the captain, he bit the bullet and read English day and night after that...

蓝色的梦

Blue Dreams

正当我国海员在全世界各个港口赢得尊敬,我国远洋事业蓬勃发展的时刻,“文化大革命”开始了。林彪、江青等人互相勾结,从文艺界杀出来,砸烂公检法之 后,开始有步骤、有计划地在各条战线夺权。

Just when our seafarers won respect in various ports all over the world and our ocean-going business flourished, the Cultural Revolution began. Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and others colluded with each other, caused many deaths in literary and art circles, destroyed the public security inspection law, and began to seize power on all fronts step by step and in a planned way.

贝汉廷在休假中突然被通知到广州集合。他以海员的速度按时到达,去接受新的任务。

Bei Hanting was suddenly informed to gather in Guangzhou during his vacation. He arrived on time at the speed of seafarers to accept new tasks.

但是,并没有任务,却让他进了学习班。

However, there was no task. He was forced to attend classes learning the Maoism.

学习班都是熟人,我国开创远洋事业的不少老船长、老大副都来了。老朋友久 别重逢,十分开心,各路兵马摩拳擦掌,准备大干ー场。可是一笑容慢慢冻结在脸上了。怎么?走路要排队,吃饭也要排队,寄信要请假,说话还有人监督……军宣队宣布全面接管,难道变成了国民党俘虏?

There were all acquaintances in this class, like many old captains and Chief Officers who started the ocean-going business in China. Old friends were glad to meet again after a long separation, and they were gearing up for a big fight. But a smile slowly froze on their faces. What happened? You had to queue up when you walk, when you eat. You had to take a personal day off when you sent a letter, and there were people to supervise when you speak... The propaganda team promoting Maoism claimed that it will manage them. So, did they become Kuomintang’s captives?

唉！贝汉廷哪里知道,林彪、“四人帮”的革命理论就是:越是有功越要整,越是有成绩越是修正主义。他们所谓的革命就是要革革过命的人的命。

Alas! Bei Hanting didn’t know that the revolutionary theory of Lin Biao and the Gang of Four was that the more achievements you have, the more revisionism you have. What they called revolution was to kill those who had great contributions to our country.

现在看来,真是比绕口令还绕口令!迷信、愚昧到了令人抬不起头的程度。但那时,贝汉廷也像中国大多数革命者一样,十分虔诚地检查自己的不足,俯首赎罪……

Now, it seems that it is ironic! Superstition and ignorance have made people so embarrassed. But at that time, Bei Hanting, like most Chinese revolutionaries, examined his shortcomings very piously and bowed his head to atone for his sins...

首先出来抵制的又是我们的总理。总理说:“如果我们开创远洋事业的骨干都修了,远洋事业的大好形势从哪里来的?”多么无可辩驳,多么义正词严!可是林彪、江青那一伙人哪里听总理的,总理正是他们要打倒的主要目标哩!

It was our prime minister who came out to oppose first. The prime minister said: "If the backbone of our ocean-going business has been fired, how does the bright future of ocean-going business come from?" How irrefutable, how righteous! But Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and their gang members didn’t listen to the Prime Minister, because he was the main target they want to overthrow!

于是读语录,谈话;谈话,读语录;逼供,诱供;进隔离室,出隔离室……从追“拍照”到“送情报”,最后发展到追他“里通外国”。本来嘛,搞远洋运输的还能不里通外国?

So they had to read quotations and have a conversation with the propaganda team again and again; they had to experience forced confessions or be trapped to make a confession; they had to be isolated in a room... From Bei’s pictures in the radar station, they thought he gave intelligence to other countries, and finally they thought he conspired with foreign countries. Originally, can those who engage in ocean transportation not communicate with foreign countries?

但世界上的事就是这么不可思议,事物的规律就是这样不可抗拒,他们纲上得越高,贝汉廷就越轻松,到追查里通外国的什么“照片”时,他早已从晕眩到清醒, 由虔诚而呼呼大睡起来了……

But things in the world were so strange, and the laws of things were so irresistible. The more they talked about politics, the easier it is for Bei Hanting. By the time they traced the photos of conspiring with foreign countries, he has already gone from dizziness to sobriety, and fell asleep from piety...

总理毕竟是他们夺权不可逾越的障碍。就像文艺界的大批骨干被总理保护下来送到部队农场“改造”一样,远洋事业的这批骨干也被保护下来,送到航道局看航标、挖河泥去了。

After all, the prime minister was an insurmountable obstacle to their seizure of power. Just as a large number of backbones in the literary and art circles were protected by the Prime Minister and sent to the army farm for the Down to the Countryside Movement, these backbones in the ocean-going business were also protected and sent to the Waterway Bureau to monitor navigation marks and dig river mud.

挖河泥,上海人叫“闌河泥”,贝汉廷和他的伙伴们带着流血的心和解除隔离的欣慰,看起航标,罱起河泥来……（I changed 闌 with 罱）

Digging (挖) river mud is called digging (罱) river mud by residents in Shanghai. Bei Hanting and his friends monitored navigation marks and dug river mud with bleeding hearts and relief from isolation...

贝汉廷毕竟是贝汉廷,在看航标罱河泥的小船上当三副,专管伙食事务,仍然年年被评为先进。（I changed 闌 with 罱）

Bei Hanting, after all, was capable. He was the Junior Officer in the boat monitoring navigation marks and digging river mud, and was responsible for food affairs. And he was still rated as advanced Individual every year.

他从来没过过这样清闲的日子,用他爱人的话说:结婚二十年,在家的日子加 起来ー共不到两年。现在,每天开开单据,报报账,下了班就可以回家,骑着脚踏 车,从路边上买点螃蟹鱼虾,晚上和妻子儿女ー起听听音乐……

He has never lived such a leisurely life. In the words of his lover, he has been married for 20 years, but his days at home added up to less than two years. Now, he invoiced people and reported accounts every day. He can go home after work, ride a bicycle, buy some fish from the roadside, and listen to music with his wife and children at night...

这在一般人看来是求之不得的幸福啊！可是,他哭了。这个从来没哭过的汉子,他哭了。

This was a desirable happiness in the eyes of ordinary people! However, he cried. Before that, this man who has never cried.

他哭了,不是因为邻居的眼色,这个从南市来的孩子从小见惯了各种各样冷漠和怀疑的眼色。

He cried, not because of the neighbors’ dirty looks. The boy from Nanshi was used to all kinds of indifferent and dubious looks.

他哭了,不是因为路人的歧视,这个在各国港口为中国争取到荣誉的海员,有的是对付歧视的办法。

He cried, not because of the discrimination of passers-by. This seaman who won honor for China in ports of various countries had plenty of ways to deal with discrimination.

他哭了,不是因为亲人们一妻子儿女,特别是哥哥,那个一心一意支持他走上这条路的哥哥的质问。虽然他们疑虑的视线在他心上织起了灰色的和有罪的雾似的迷网……

He cried, not because of the questioning of his relatives, his wife and children, especially his brother, who wholeheartedly supported him to be a seaman. Although their suspicious eyes woven a gray and guilty mist-like puzzle in his heart...

但,他不是为这些哭的。他哭,是为了他的梦,他的蓝色的梦。

But that's not why he cried. He cried for his dreams, his blue dreams.

他是这样思念大海,他的梦也尽是蓝色的。当他坐在小船三副的办公桌前想起他的波涛汹涌的大海时,他心如刀绞。

He missed the sea so much, and his dreams were all blue. When he sat at the desk of the Junior Officer of the boat and thought of his rough sea, his heart was torn out.

他仍然喜欢独自在黄埔滩头倚栏沉思。每当他看见自己驾驶过的“桂林”“友好”“九江”号从他眼前驶过时,他的心狂跳,他像孩子ー样大哭了。他感到它们是那么的漂亮,真是美极了。在他当它们船长的时候,他从来没像今天看它们那样感到漂亮。而今天,当他被活活地从它们身上撕开,目送着它们仪态万方地姗姗远去时,他怎能不泪如雨下……

He still liked to meditate alone on the beachhead of Huangpu. Whenever he saw the Guilin, the Friendship and Jiujiang he had driven passing by his eyes, his heart beat wildly and he cried like a child. He felt that they were so beautiful. When he was their captain, he never thought them so beautiful when he saw them today. Today, when he had to separate with them and watch them go away with great grace, how could he not burst into a flood of tears...

他的泪水在羞辱的愤怒中干涸了。那是当他听见“四人帮”改朝换代后派出 的有的船员竟在外国人面前把“twelve”说成“ onetwo”的时候;是当他听说“四人帮”派出的“小兄弟”有失国体地在外国百货公司偷人一双袜子的时候;是知道那些打砸抢的“英雄”们竟在外国港口的垃圾箱里拾破烂的时候……

His tears dried up in a rage that was triggered by humiliation. That was when he heard that some crew members sent by the Gang of Four after the regime change said "twelve" as "onetwo" to foreigners; It was when he heard that sidekicks sent by the Gang of Four stole a pair of socks from foreign department stores, which tarnished the honor of our country; It was when he knew that the "heroes" who smashed and looted actually picked up junk in garbage bins in foreign ports...

愤怒把泪水烧干了,但蓝色的梦依然是蓝色的。他怀着钢铁的意志,钢铁的决心,他要回到大海上去。他会回到大海上去的!于是他咬着牙在自己的航海笔记的扉页上写下“勤笔密思”四个字。他重新挺起了胸,点燃了深夜的灯,通宵达旦地啃起《海上保险》《国际海商法》《海上救助》和各种国际航运法规、各国港口资料来了……

Anger burns tears dry, but blue dreams are still blue. Having nerves of steel, he wanted to go back to the sea. He will go back to the sea! So he gritted his teeth and wrote the words " Writing Diligently and Thinking Usually" on the title page of his sailing notes. He stood up again, lit the lights in the middle of the night, and read Marine Insurance, International Maritime Law, Maritime Rescue and various international shipping laws and regulations, and port information of various countries all night...

伦敦港的友谊

Friendship in the Port of London

"Who is the captain?”

"I 'm the master."

他果然回到了大海,但这已是一个新的贝汉廷。

He really returned to the sea, but this is a new Bei Hanting.

如果说过去他只是一个业务熟练的船长,那么,今天他是一个满怀信心的主人。Master的含意在十年政治风暴的锤炼中,重心有了令人欣喜的转移,而这双重含意在他身上竟是如此和谐、统一。

If he used to be just a skillful captain, today he is a confident master. The meaning of Master has been richer due to the political storm in the past ten years, and the focus has a happy shift, but the two meanings is so harmonious and unified in him.

这里,我只想讲一个小故事,那就是——伦敦港的友谊。

Here, I just want to tell a short story, that is, the friendship in the Port of London.

有一次,“汉川号”配载200吨滑石粉到伦敦港卸货,途中收到了公司电报:伦敦港最近规定,不卸滑石粉。为什么?不知道,这是新规定。

On one occasion, the Hanchuan loaded 200 tons of talcum powder to the Port of London for unloading, but received a telegram from the company on the way: the Port of London recently stipulated that talcum powder should not be unloaded. Why? They don't know. It's a new rule.

公司远隔万里,可以不知道。但200吨滑石粉压在贝汉廷的冷藏舱盖上,舱里还有送到伦敦的各种冷冻货。滑石粉不让卸,别的货也取不出来,到前边中转,运费要超过货物本身的价值。贝汉廷决定,船仍直驶伦敦港。船一到港,他立即彬彬有礼地去拜访代理、卸货组长、工头、工人……摸清了不卸滑石粉的由来。原来是一个工人看报时偶然发现了一篇化学家署名的文章,分析滑石粉的结构,如此这般,这般如此,作用于人体,就要引起癌症。这个工人在他的工班一说,癌症,这还了得!几个工班一商议,向工会提出:从此不卸滑石粉。特别是中国的,因为包装不好,运输时又马虎,纸袋压得尽是裂缝,卸起来粉末飞扬,不要说卸,工人连手都不愿摸……

The company was thousands of miles away, so it was reasonable. However, 200 tons of talcum powder was pressed on the cover of the refrigerated hatch, and there were various frozen goods sent to London in the hatch. Talcum powder was not allowed to be unloaded, and other goods can't be taken out. If you sail to the stopping point, the freight will exceed the value of the goods themselves. So, Bei Hanting decided that the ship would still go straight to the Port of London. As soon as the ship arrived in port, he courteously visited the agent, the unloading team leader, the foreman, workers... By doing so, he found out the reason of not unloading talcum powder. It turned out that a worker accidentally discovered an article signed by a chemist while reading a newspaper, analyzing the structure of talcum powder. If it acts on human body, it will cause cancer. The worker said this in his work class, which caused a great sensation! After several rounds of deliberation, it was proposed to the trade union that talcum powder should not be unloaded from now on. Especially that from China, because the packaging was not good, and the transportation was sloppy, the paper bags were full of cracks, so the powder would fly when unloaded. Workers were unwilling to touch it, not to mention unloading...

啊!原来如此!贝汉廷立即请代理到船上做客。畅叙别情,举杯问候夫人健康,谈英国绘画的新发展,从背诵莎士比亚的片段谈到流行的扭摆舞对青年的影响……谈得十分融洽。代理告别时说:“在港口,有什么困难,只管找我。”贝汉廷长叹一声:“困难是有哇,可不能告诉别人。”代理马上伸过手来,与贝汉廷紧握: “绝不,到我为止。”

Ah! That was the reason! Bei Hanting immediately invited an agent to be a guest on board. He talked freely, from greeting his wife's health, the new development of English painting, reciting Shakespeare's excerpts to the influence of popular twist dance on young people. When the agent left, he said "If you have any difficulties in the port, just ask me." Bei Hanting sighed: "There are difficulties, but you can't tell others." The agent immediately reached out and clasped his hands: "No, I will help you."

“我带来了滑石粉。”

"I brought talcum powder."

“知道,不就200吨吗?”

"I know. Isn't it just 200 tons?"

“可我因为怕压坏,装在了冷藏舱盖上。”

"But I put it on the refrigerated hatch cover because I am afraid of crushing it."

“糟糕！这可怎么办?”

"Oops! What can I do?"

“我想和工头谈谈。”

"I want to talk to the foreman."

“交情深吗?不深——这样吧,我先和工会的负责人谈谈,请他来看你。”

"Are you on intimate terms with him? No? Let me talk to the person in charge of the trade union first and ask him to come to see you."

“我去拜访他!”

"I'll visit him!"

工会的负责人把头摇得像拨浪鼓一样:“这是工人的权利,工会坚决支持。”

The head of the trade union shook his head like a rattle: "This is the right of workers, and the trade union firmly supports it."

“别的港口都没这项规定呢!”

"There is no such rule in other ports!"

“本港对工人劳动保护特别注意。”

"Our port pays special attention to the labor protection of workers."

贝汉廷承认确实如此,并且列举了伦敦港工会的种种成绩。他是那样如数家珍,说得工会负责人心里热乎乎的,至于卸滑石粉的劳动保护吗,“汉川号”愿意提供一切条件,口罩、面具……工会负责人说:“那么……也许……我试ー试!”

Bei Hanting admitted that and listed the achievements of the Trade Union of the Port of London. He was so familiar with these achievements that the person in charge of the trade union was touched. As for the labor protection for unloading talcum powder, workers in the Hanchuan were willing to provide all equipment, like masks and respirators... He said: "Then... maybe... I will try!"

贝汉廷说:“只要先生愿意帮忙,一定成功。先生知道伦敦的商人为什么远程购买滑石粉吗?”

Bei Hanting said: "As long as you is willing to help, you will succeed. Do you know why businessmen in London buy talcum powder remotely?"

“为什么?”

"Why?"

“因为我国青岛出产的滑石粉质量好,包装也好。我又装在舱盖上,一点没有破裂……先生知道滑石粉是做什么的吗?是做化妆品的。香粉,脂粉,高级化妆品呀！贵国的妇女那么美丽,从古到今都擦粉,但她们是多么健康!”

"Because the talcum powder produced in Qingdao has good quality and good packaging. And I put it on the hatch cover, so it doesn’t break at all... Do you know what talcum powder is made for, sir? It can make cosmetics. Rouge and powder are high-grade cosmetics! Women in your country are so beautiful because they use this products from ancient times to the present, but how healthy they are!"

工会负责人紧板的面孔开始有了一丝笑意。

The tight expression of the head of the trade union changed, and he cracked a smile.

“贵国亲友相会,都有接吻的习惯。算算,你们一天要接触多少香粉——多少滑石粉,而你们又是多么健康！”

"When friends and relatives meet in your country, they all have the habit of kissing. Think about it. How much fragrant powder and talcum powder you need to touch every day. But how healthy you are!"

“哈哈……”在场的人不由得都哈哈大笑了。

"Haha..." All the people on the scene couldn't help laughing.

“那么,允许我去找工人们谈谈?”贝汉廷说。

"So, do you allow me to talk to the workers?" Bei Hanting asked.

“不,我去,还是我去好。”工会负责人匆匆走了。

"No, I'll go. It’s better if I talk to them." The head of the union hurried away.

贝汉廷提心吊胆地从窗口望着甲板,看见工会负责人到工人群中拍肩打膀地说着,说着……突然,从工人中爆发出那样舒心的大笑,他们简直笑得前仰后合了。贝汉廷这一颗心才落到了胸膛里。

Bei Hanting looked at the deck from the window nervously, and saw the head of the trade union clapping others’ shoulders and talking among the workers... Suddenly, such a comfortable laughter broke out from the workers, and they almost laughed their heads off. Seeing this, Bei Hanting was at ease.

代理对他跷起大拇指:“真行啊,Captain贝!”

The agent gave him a thumbs up: "Really good, Captain Bei!"

他说:“全靠你们老朋友。”

He said, "It's all up to your old friends."

“为什么你还不高兴?”

"Why are you still unhappy?"

“我还有事求你帮忙,又不好开口。”

"I still have something to ask you for help, and it is difficult to speak."

“说!”

"Just say it!"

“我们还有好多艘船都载着滑石粉呢!”

"We still have many ships carrying talcum powder!"

代理双手齐摇:“就你这一船,我的脑袋差点没裂开。”

The agent waved his hands: "Even if there is only one ship with talcum powder, my head almost crack."

“但道理不是一样吗?”

"But it makes sense for all ships."

“你何必管别人的船呢?”

"Why do you care about other people's ships?"

“因为都挂着五星红旗呀!”

"Because they all hang the National Flag of the People's Republic of China!"

代理挠挠头:“那……我去试试。”

The agent scratched his head: "Then... I'll try it."

“一定成功,英国工人是最讲道理的。”

"It must be successful. British workers are the most reasonable."

经过反复磋商,终于成功了。从此,凡是挂着五星红旗船上的滑石粉,只要包装不破,伦敦港一律管卸。

After repeated consultations, it finally succeeded. From then on, all talcum powder on ships with the National Flag of the People's Republic of China will be unloaded in the Port of London as long as the packaging is not broken.

我在这里不想叙述因此每条船每个航次为国家节约了多少外汇,因为读者们比我算得更清楚,那是数以万计十万计……我只想说:十年的政治风浪怎样使贝汉廷完成了从一个船长到一个主人的飞跃。因为他时时想着我们的人民——在各条战线上的每个主人十年沉思的伟大力量。正是它,在推动他不断地向前,向前……

I don't want to describe how much foreign exchange has been saved for the country by each ship and voyage, because readers know better than me. That is more than tens of thousands... I just want to say: How did Bei Hanting make a leap from a captain to a master after ten years of political storms. Because he always thinks about our people. This is the great power of ten years' meditation of every master on all fronts. It is this power that pushes him forward...

“邓小平式的船长”

"A Deng Xiaoping-style Captain"

中美建交,邓小平同志访问美国引起了巨大的轰动。

When the diplomatic relations between China and the United States was established, Comrade Deng Xiaoping's visit to the United States caused a great sensation.

中美航线打通了。好钢用在刀刃上,公司把首航美国的任务交给了贝汉廷,把他调到“柳林海号”。

The Sino-US air route has been developed. Just like good steel should be used to make blades, talents should also be dispatched to do indispensable things. So the company gave Bei Hanting the task of sailing across the United States the first time and transferred him to the LIULINHAI.

但在“汉川号”的航线上,几乎各个港口都打听Captarn贝。有的转达港口的问候,有的诉说朋友的思念,有的跷起大拇指,有的说:“你们中国的船长都像他就好了。”

However, on the route of the Hanchuan, almost people in every port inquired about Captarn Bei. Some conveyed greetings from the port; some told friends' longing for him; some raised their thumbs, and some said, "I wish you Chinese captains are like him."

“汉川号”实习船长、大副甄永祥同志告诉我:汉堡港的理货组长库克和装卸公司的威利先生干脆说贝汉廷是“邓小平式的船长” 。

Comrade Zhen Yongxiang, the intern captain and Chief Officer of the Hanchuan, told me that Cook, the tally leader of the Port of Hamburg, and Mr. Willie of the Stevedoring Company even said that Bei Hanting was a "Deng Xiaoping-style captain".

为什么库克先生们给他这样高的评价?只是因为邓小平首访美国,他首航美国的偶然机缘吗?当然不是!

Why did Mr. Cook think highly of him? Is it just because of Deng Xiaoping's first visit to the United States and his maiden voyage to the United States by chance? Of course not!

大副和水手们津津有味地给我讲开了故事:

The Chief Officer and the sailors told me the story with relish:

有一次,“汉川号”将到亚历山大港卸货。这个港口在苏伊士运河入口处,经常停泊着上百条等待泊位的各国船只,搞不好一等就得几十天。于是,贝汉廷在途中就接二连三地给港口代理打电话,以便让“汉川号”这三个字一再冲击所有有关人员的脑细胞,加深他们的印象。并且他翻检了自己记忆的仓库和笔记本,理清了这个港口必须打交道的一系列人物的姓名、年龄、脾气秉性、特殊爱好、办事方式……

On one occasion, the Hanchuan unloaded at Alexandria, situating at the entrance of Suez Canal, where hundreds of ships from all over the world waited for berths, which may take several days. Therefore, Bei Hanting called the port agent many times on the way, so that the word "Hanchuan" could be remembered. And he went through his memory storehouse and notebook, and sorted out the names, ages, tempers, special hobbies and ways of doing things of many people that he must deal with in this port...

抵港后,他就直奔港务局,拜访港务局长。他是那样熟悉地称呼着局长的名字,顺利地通过了门岗,又那样亲密地和港务局长谈着家常。当他最后提出要求快速装卸时,局长说:“怎么这样急?你们中国人从来不在乎船期。”他说:“谁说的? 我们现在要搞四化,分秒必争哩!”港务局长像老朋友似的望着他笑。于是他熟练地和所有打交道的人交往着,尽快地办好一切手续,穿过各国彩色缤纷的泊船,用 一句古话说:“扬帆远航” 了,节约了二十多天船期。多么灵活,闪电也似的进击,不像个船长,倒像个军事家。

After arriving in the port, he went straight to the Port Authority to visit the Director of Port. He called the director's name deftly, so he passed the gate smoothly, and talked with the port director so intimately. When he finally asked for quick loading and unloading, the director said, "Why is it so urgent? You Chinese never care about the shipping schedule." He said, "Who said that? We must carry out the Four Modernizations now, so every minute counts!" The director looked at him like an old friend and smiled. So he skillfully interacted with all the people he dealt with, completed all the formalities as soon as possible, and went through colorful berthing ships of various countries. As an old saying goes, "Setting sail for a long voyage", which saved more than 20 days of sailing. How flexible he was! He took actions like lightning, which made him like a strategist, not a captain.

同“汉川号”一起,我们从国外一共买了四条船。保修期间,发现冷藏舱上有“汗水”,浸湿了货物。贝船长拍下了现场的照片,又请各个港口的验货师签署了证明,还用油漆在船上标出了“汗水”的位置,要回厂求返修。

We have bought four ships from abroad, including the Hanchuan. During the warranty period, it was found that on the refrigerated compartment was "sweat", which soaked the goods. Captain Bei took photos of the scene, asked the inspectors of various ports to sign the supporting materials, and marked the position of "sweat" on the ship with paint, so he could go back to the factory for repair.

船厂工程师抱着几尺厚的设计资料翻给他看,满嘴数字、专用名词,就是不肯返修,并说已有两条船来过厂,他们在冷藏舱内侧打了200个洞,找不出问题,已签字同意不返修了。

The shipyard engineer turned over the design data several Chi (Chi is a unit of length in China) thick to him, full of numbers and special terms, but he refused to repair it. He said that two ships had been to the factory, and they had made 200 holes in the inside of the refrigerated cabin, but could not find any problems, so they signed and agreed not to repair ships.

“请你看我的船。”

"Please look at my ship."

“你的船,绝缘体是举世无双的优质品。”

"The insulator in your ship is unparalleled quality products in the world."

“举世无双的优质品却搞出了前所罕见的’汗水’。”

"The unparalleled quality products in the world have produced a rare 'sweat '."

“理论上找不出任何错误。”

"No mistakes can be found in theory."

“实践上就是‘汗水’浸坏了货物。”

"In practice, 'sweat 'soaked the goods."

工程师有成百上千条理论根据,但贝汉廷有一叠ー叠的现实照片,证人签单。

Engineers had hundreds of theories, but Bei Hanting had stacks of photos and bills signed by witnesses.

工程师火了:“找不出理论根据,就是不给修,这是国际惯例做法,合同上规定的。”

The engineer was angry: "If you can't find a theoretical basis, I won't repair it. This is an international practice and stipulated in the contract."

贝汉廷也火了:“放下你那几尺厚的资料!我拼上几夜不睡也要查出根据来,你吓唬不住我!”

Bei Hanting was also angry: "Put down your data a few Chi thick! I will find out the basis even if I don't sleep for a few nights. You can't scare me!"

工程师像海水一样莫测高深,但是贝汉廷却像礁石一样坚硬,于是海水退潮了,留下了资料。

Engineers were as unfathomable as seawater, but Bei Hanting was as hard as a reef, so the seawater ebbed, leaving behind information.

于是贝汉廷顽强地用血肉之躯去迎战冷冰冰的数据。这毕竟是专而又专的船舶冷藏业务啊！热学、力学、钢铁、绝缘……几十门学科。但血肉之躯也自有它的好处,那就是它有主观能动性。贝汉廷分析着各个不同的数据,寻找着规律,终于抓住了矛盾的牛鼻子。为什么在冷冻舱的各个部位绝缘体都是!80毫米厚,而横梁部分的绝缘体只有90毫米?差距有一倍,这合理吗?贝汉廷一下子跳了起来, 跑到冷藏舱实地对照,油漆的印痕条条排列。果然,“汗水”出在横梁部位……

So Bei Hanting stubbornly confronted the cold data with his flesh and blood. After all, this was a ship refrigeration business, which was difficult for a layman to understand! Heat, mechanics, steel, insulation... dozens of disciplines. But a person also had its own advantages, that was, he had subjective initiative. Bei Hanting analyzed different data, looked for laws, and finally found the problem. Why were insulators in every part of the freezer 180 mm thick, while the insulator of the beam part was only 90 mm? Was it reasonable? Bei Hanting jumped up at once and ran to the refrigerator for field comparison. The marks of paint were arranged in strips. Sure enough, "sweat" came out of the beam...

把工程师请了回来,工程师先是点头后是摇头:“没想到啊！没想到问题出在这里!”

When the engineer was invited back, he first nodded and then shook his head: "I didn't expect it! I didn't expect the problem to be here!"

怎么办?返修呗！船厂工人连续开了几个夜班,加铺了一层绝缘体,加铺了一层甲板。

What to do? Repair it! Shipyard workers worked several night shifts in succession to lay an insulator and a deck.

这条船修好了,其他的呢?工程师听也不要听。于是,贝汉廷去见总经理。

This ship has been repaired. What about the others? Engineers didn’t even think about them. So Bei Hanting went to see the general manager.

总经理说:“那两条船已经双方签过字,免修了。”

The general manager said, "The two ships have been signed by both parties and are exempted from repair."

贝汉廷说:“但道理不是一样吗?”

Bei Hanting said: "But it makes sense for all ships?"

总经理说:“你知道你这一条船返修用了我多少美金?上20万哩!”

The general manager said, "Do you know how many dollars I spent on repairing your ship? Up to 200,000 dollars!"

“我很抱歉,”贝汉廷说,“我知道四条船索赔,工厂损失是很大的。但如果不修好,那三条船在全世界航行,等于给你的厂做活广告。那样,你的损失不就更大了吗?”

"I'm sorry," said Bei Hanting, "I know that if four ships claim compensation, the loss of the factory is very great. But if they are not repaired, those three ships will sail all over the world, which is equivalent to advertising your factory. Then, wouldn't your loss be even greater?"

总经理先是摇头,后是点头,最后抬起头来打量这个个子小小的Captain贝,欣赏起这个好当家人来了。真是:第一流的头脑,外加一副铁腕,好一个铁腕人物啊! 四条船冷藏舱设备返修共花了船厂72万美金哩！

The general manager shook his head first, then nodded, and finally looked up at the small Captain Bei and appreciated the good expert. He had excellent mind, powerful control. What a strong person! It costed the shipyard 720,000 US dollars to repair the refrigerated cabin equipment of the four ships!

水手们还十分钦佩地讲起了大吊的故事:

The sailors also told the story of the cargo handling gear with great admiration:

在意大利,好像是热那亚港,港口当时正好没岸吊。过去都是借用船上的大吊,喏,用就用呗！好像是已成惯例了。但贝汉廷反复研究各港口的资料,发现那是不合理的。

In Italy, it seems to be the Port of Genoa, which happened to have no shore tackle at that time. In the past, people in the Port of Genoa used to borrow the cargo handling gear on board. Well, it didn’t matter! It seemed to have become a routine. However, Bei Hanting repeatedly studied the data of various ports and found that it was unreasonable.

于是他向代理提出:应由货主付费。代理说:“过去都不付呀!”

So he proposed to the agent that the owner of goods should pay. The agent said, "They didn't pay in the past!"

贝汉廷说:“但那是不合理的。”

"But that doesn't make sense," Bei Hanting said.

“为什么?”

"Why?"

“你想,买这条船时,大吊是船价的十分之一。用了我的大吊,使了我的人工,磨损了我的钢缆……难道不付费是合理的吗?”

"Think about it. When you buy a ship, the cargo handling gear is one tenth of the price of the ship. They used my gear, needed my seamen and worn my steel cable... Is it reasonable not to pay?"

“是不够合理。那好,我去和货主谈谈。”第二天代理来讲,货主同意了,因为 他如不同意付大吊费,他就得到港口申请岸吊,同样得付费用,而且还得等着调配。

"It’s not reasonable enough. Well, I'll talk to the owner." The next day, the agent said, the owner agreed, because if he didn't agree to pay the fee, he had to go to the port to apply for shore tackle, so he had to pay the same fee, and wait for the deployment.

第一次大吊费拿到了,有好几万外汇呢!拿到之后,贝汉廷立刻要求以书面形式,将它作为制度固定下来。

For the first time, they got the fee of using cargo handling gear, which brought them tens of thousands of foreign currencies! After that, Bei Hanting immediately demanded that this had to be fixed as a system in writing.

拿到书面材料之后,贝汉廷代表公司和代理谈判,要求所有的中国船以后一律 按此办理。

After receiving the written materials, Bei Hanting, on behalf of the company, negotiated with the agent and asked all Chinese ships to follow this procedure in the future.

代理说:“你的船,我保证每次如此,但别的船……”

The agent said, " I can promise your ship’s fees every time, but as for other ships..."

贝汉廷说:“道理不是ー样的吗? ”

Bei Hanting said: "But it makes sense for all ships."

谈判的结果,是拿到了港方的书面合同。贝汉廷立即把这份材料寄回上海,由公司报总公司,向世界其他港口交涉,一律照此办理。

As a result of the negotiation, a written contract from the port was obtained. Bei Hanting immediately sent this material back to Shanghai, so the company reported it to the head office who negotiated with other ports in the world that all of them should do it.

多么精细,多么科学!完全是科学家的逻辑!然而又多么灵活,多么有办法, 简直像个出色的外交家。

How delicate and scientific! It's entirely the logic of scientists! However, how flexible and resourceful he is! he is like an excellent diplomat.

有一次……

One time...

还有一次……

There was another time...

可惜,无法在这里写下政委、大副、水手们向我讲述的所有的故事,我只能记下他们那钦佩的眼光、赞叹的话语——

Unfortunately, I can't write down all the stories told to me by the political commissar, the Chief Officer and the sailors here. I can only write down their admiring eyes and words of admiration.

在海里,贝汉廷像一块冲不动的礁石。

In the sea, Bei Hanting is like a rock that cannot be washed.

在岸上,贝汉廷是ー块千锤百炼的钢铁。

On the shore, Bei Hanting is a piece of steel that has been hammered and tempered many times.

开起船来,又多么潇洒。“汉川号”在他手里不像条船,倒像个芭蕾舞演员,是那样迷人的优美……

How cool he is when sailing. The Hanchuan is not like a ship when he navigates it, but like a ballet dancer, charming and beautiful...

水手们都习惯了,多大的风浪也没有人去向他报告。因为你报告:“九级风呢, 船长!”他会不动声色地看看海面:“有九级吗?我看还好嘛！”“八级浪了,船长!” 他仍不动声色地看看:“有八级吗?我看还好嘛!”贝汉廷懂得一个船长镇定自若的意义,于是再也没有人和他谈风浪问题了。

Sailors were familiar with him, so no one reported to him about the storm. Because when you reported, "Strong gale, captain!" He would look at the sea calmly: "Is there a strong gale? I think it doesn’t matter" “The waves are very high, captain! "He still looked calmly:" “Are they very high? I think it doesn’t matter!” Bei Hanting understood the meaning of a captain's composure, so no one talked to him about wind and waves anymore.

只有我这个外行,反复问他:“你老是’还好,还好‘,可几级风浪船就会沉呢?”他沉思地看着我说:“多大的风浪也不会让万吨轮沉的,只有船本身的损坏才会沉船。而只有不懂得船也不懂得大海的船长才会把船搞坏,把船搞沉。”

Only I, a layman, repeatedly asked him: "You always say ‘It doesn’t matter’, but what kind of storms will sink the ship?" He looked at me thoughtfully and said, "They won’t sink the over 10,000-ton ship. Only the damage of the ship itself will sink a ship. And only the master who doesn't know the ship or the sea will break the ship and sink it."

好一个“只有不懂得船也不懂得大海的船长オ会把船搞沉”!而船长,master,在做形容词用时,又意味着熟练、精通。

His words surprised me! And master, when used as an adjective, means skilled and proficient.

“He is master of his business。”可以这样说:作为国家领导人之一的邓小平和作为船长的贝汉廷,对自己的业务都是那样熟练、精通;面对各自的风浪又都同样镇定自若,勇于驾驭;偏偏在他们各自的航程中,又都具有那种百折不挠、鞠躬尽瘁的主人翁态度。这就难怪贝汉廷有了这样ー个光荣的称号——“邓小平式的船长”。谁能说库克先生们没有眼力呢?

"He is master of his business." It can be said that Deng Xiaoping, one of the national leaders, and Bei Hanting, a master, are so skilled and proficient in their own business. In the face of their own storms, they are equally calm and brave in controlling things. It happened that in their respective voyages, they all had the attitude of being masters with perseverance and dedication. It is no wonder that Bei Hanting has such a glorious title as "a Deng Xiaoping-style Captain". Who can say that Mr. Cook doesn’t know how to find a talent?

海员风度

Seamanship

"SOS”！ “SOS”！！ “SOS"! ! !

塞浦路斯商船“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”不断发出紧急呼号。

Eleyna's Hope, a merchant ship of the Republic of Cyprus, kept sending out emergency calls.

船长伊柯优斯眼看这艘28年的超龄船,在九级大风袭击中主机不能运转,全船失去控制,海底阀裂损,大量海水涌入机舱,已齐人脖颈,决定发出弃船求救信号。

Captain Ikeus saw that the 28-year-old ship could not be operated in a strong gale, the whole ship lost control, the submarine valve was cracked, and a large amount of seawater poured into the engine room, leading to neck-deep sea water. He decided to send out a distress signal for abandoning the ship.

"SOS”！ “SOS”！！ “SOS"! ! !

全体船员及一名家属已下到救生小艇,小艇被巨浪颠簸得直上直下,完全没有行驶能力。在望远镜里看见远远一只船影,水手们用全部生命凝视着,但黑影渐渐消失。可能是风浪太大,他们自己也在危险之中,不能靠近。

The crew and a family member have got off the life-saving boat, which was bumped up and down by huge waves and completely incapable of being driven. The sailors saw a distant ship shadow in the telescope, and they pinned all their hopes on it and stared at it, but the shadow gradually disappeared. It may be that the wind and waves were too strong, and they were also in danger, so they can't get close.

又是一个黑影远远驶去,又是一个远远的黑影……也可能那只是自己希望的幻影吧,船员们已失去获救的信心……

Another dark shadow was far away, and another... Maybe it was just an illusion of their hope, so the crew has lost confidence in being rescued...

“滴滴滴,答答答,滴滴滴厂’“汉川号”的一个年轻报务员在呼啸的风暴声中突然收到了“SOS”的求救信号。贝汉廷一跃而起,到海图室查明了难船失事位置,他立即命令:“全体船员进入岗位准备抢救厂’“满舵！全速进!”超高频无线电话从此不断呼叫:“艾琳娜斯霍浦号！我是中国船’汉川号’！前来救助,请回答,请回答！！”

"Beep, beep, beep!" A young radio operator of the Hanchuan suddenly received a distress signal of “SOS” in the howling storm. Bei Hanting jumped up and went to the chart room to find out the location of the shipwreck. He immediately ordered: "All crew members prepare to rescue another ship!" "Hard rudder! Go forward at full speed!" The UHF wireless telephone has been called all the time since then: "Eleyna's Hope! I am the Chinese ship Hanchuan! We come to rescue you, please answer, please answer!!"

一片静默。遇难船早已失去全部通讯能力。

There was silence. The wrecked ship has long lost all communication capability.

当“汉川号”驶近难船时,只见它船身已右倾三十多度,船尾下沉。在十分危险的状态里,正在狂风暴雪中哑然下沉,下沉……当“汉川号”好不容易驶近救生 艇时,一个压顶巨浪把它打回遇难船的舷旁去了。四次驶近,四次打开,贝汉廷下令在它周围游弋等待。直到ー个多小时后,第五次驶近时,老水手王敬元一直捏在手中的粗尼龙撇缆绳,オ好像脱弦之箭顶风穿雪疾飞过去,被难船水手接住……

When the Hanchuan approached the shipwreck, its hull had turned more than 30 degrees to the right and its stern sank. In a very dangerous state, it was sinking in the storm and a blizzard... When the Hanchuan finally approached the lifeboat, a huge wave slapped against it back to the side of the wrecked ship’s starboard. They had tried four times, but they failed, so Bei Hanting ordered to wait around it. After more than an hour later, when they approached for the fifth time, the thick nylon cable in the hands of the experienced sailor Wang Jingyuan was thrown, as if it was an arrow taking off the string and flying through the snow against the wind and it was caught by sailors of the shipwreck...

这时,只有这时,贝汉廷才腾出空儿来回答整个地中海东部塞得港、马耳他、雅典、塞浦路斯电台及附近船舶的互相呼号:“我是中国’汉川号’,现在’艾琳娜斯霍浦号’的船员已安全登上我船,请放心,谢谢……”

At this time, and at this time, Bei Hanting answered the calls of all the eastern Mediterranean, Port Said, Malta, Athens, Cyprus radio stations and nearby ships: "I am the Chinese Hanchuan, and now the crew of the Eleyna's Hope have safely boarded my ship. Please rest assured, thank you...”

但是,“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”船长伊柯优斯却迟迟不肯上到“汉川号”。他和三个船员留在他的小艇中一再坚持靠拢难船。贝汉廷在风浪中再三向他疾呼:“危险! 危险! !”但看到他那样坚持,考虑到他仍坐在自己的救生艇上,他还是“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”的船长,有权做出自己的决定。因此只能劝慰他:“作为一个船长,我很了解你的处境和心情。我一定在旁守护,在旁守护!在旁一守护!！”小艇时起时伏 地在巨浪的峰波间摇晃着离去!“汉川号”始终在旁边巡回游弋……

However, Ikeus, the captain of the Eleyna's Hope, refused to get on the Hanchuan. He and three crew members stayed in his boat and insisted on getting close to the shipwreck again and again. Bei Hanting repeatedly cried to him in the wind and waves: "Danger! Danger!!" But seeing his insistence, Bei considers that he is still sitting in his lifeboat, and he is still the captain of the Eleyna's Hope and has the right to make his own decisions. Therefore, he can only comfort him: "As a captain, I know your situation and mood very well. I will guard you, guard you! Guard you by the side!!" From time to time, the boat swayed away between the huge crested waves! The Hanchuan was always touring around...

17点多,夜幕即将降临,九级的西北风把浪和雪卷上阴暗的高空,风在白茫茫的海上打转,海浪呼啸怒吼,贝汉廷开始忧虑地用汽笛和高音喇叭招呼那位守职的船长。17点24分,小艇终于再次靠近“汉川号”。贝汉廷特地到甲板上去迎接这位不幸的希腊同行。当伊柯优斯得知“汉川号”正在驶往伦敦途中时,他一再要求:

At more than 17 o'clock, night was about to come, and the strong northwest gale swept the waves and snow up into the dark sky. The wind swirled in the white sea, and the waves roared. Bei Hanting began to greet the captain who kept his duty anxiously with his whistle and loudspeaker. At 17:24, the boat finally approached the Hanchuan again. Bei Hanting went to the deck to meet the unfortunate Greek counterpart. When Ikeus learned that the Hanchuan was on its way to London, he repeatedly asked:

“请继续留在遇险船边,因为我必须守候它沉没。在它沉没后,请把我和我的 船员送到希腊克里特岛登岸。”

"Please stay by the ship in distress, because I must wait for it to sink. After it sinks, please send me and my crew to Crete, Greece."

贝汉廷,这位在他的航海日志上没有误过一天航期的船长,抢船期抢得没有一次是在港口休息日停泊记录的精细至极的船长,这时却毫不迟疑地答应了。考虑到这艘没有灯光漂泊在国际航线附近的遇难船,对附近的船只是个极大的威胁,他不但答应了伊柯优斯的要求,而且立即命令把甲板灯全部打开,守候在它旁边,并反复高声呼号:“航行中的船舶,我是中国’汉川号’！请注意！在你的左舷三浬处有艘不点灯的遇难船,请注意远行,请注意不要碰撞……”就这样通宵守护,防止了一切可能发生的事故,直到难船最后沉没。他整整两天两夜没有合眼！

Bei Hanting, the captain, who had not missed a day's voyage in his log book, and had occupied the shipment date so he wouldn't moor on the port’s rest day, was considerate of these things, but then he agreed without hesitation. Considering that the wrecked ship drifting near the international route without lights was a great threat to the nearby ships, he not only agreed to Ikeus's request, but also immediately ordered all the deck lights to be turned on, and the ship waiting beside it, and he repeatedly shouted loudly: "The sailing ship, I am China's' Hanchuan '! Attention, please! There is a shipwreck without lighting three miles to your Port side. Please pay attention when you are sailing. Please pay attention not to collide..." In this way, all possible accidents were prevented until the shipwreck finally sank. He didn't sleep a wink for two days and nights!

Seamanship,直译“船艺”,意译时,水手们却惯于把它称作海员风度。是啊! 人有人的风度,船有船的风度,国有国的风度。“外国人不可能个个到我们国内来认识我们的国家,”贝汉廷常常对他的船员说,“他们就是通过我们每一个海员来了解中国的。中国,是五千年的文明古国,解放了三十年,有着崇高的威望……我们要牢牢记着这点,时时刻刻记住。”

Seamanship, literally translated as "the art of navigating a ship", is used to being called seafarers' graces when translated freely. Yeah! People have graces, ships have graces, and countries have graces. "Foreigners can't all come to our country to know our country," Bei Hanting often said to his crew, "They know China through every seaman. China, an ancient civilization of 5,000 years, has been liberated for 30 years and has high prestige... We must keep this in mind and remember it all the time."

他是这样说的,也是这样做的。因此无怪乎在“艾琳娜斯霍浦号”船员遇救后个个都感到了中国的风度。巴基斯坦船员穆罕默德说:“当我们完全绝望时,看见远远驶来一条船,但直到看见船上Mark是波纹五星时才又重燃起希望之火……”三个到过中国的船员说:“中国人会来救我们的！你们果然来了。而且在那样的风暴中整整守护了两天两夜,多危险啊……”斯里兰卡船员比雷说:“我回去后,要告诉我的家人亲戚朋友,是中国人救了我！在你们围着我们游弋时,我们都明白不用怕了。中国人在等待和保护我们！我ー辈子不会忘记,而且子子孙孙也不会忘记。”希腊轮机长阿松年底斯•康诺是全船年龄最大的船员,他要求用我们船上的无线电话和家中通话,当他从电话中听到他妻子的声音时,哭得讲不出话来,十几分钟后才断断续续讲出:“你一定听到我遇难了……放心……中国人救了我们……并且船长、政委和我们……同桌吃饭……”

That's what he said and did. So it is no wonder that after the rescue of the crew of the Eleyna's Hope, everyone felt Chinese graces. Muhammad, a Pakistani crew member, said: "When we were completely desperate, we saw a ship coming far away, but until we saw the Mark on board was five stars, the hope like fire was rekindled..." Three crew members who had been to China said: "The Chinese will come to save us! You did come. And it's dangerous to guard our ship for two days and two nights in such a storm... " A crew member Burey of Sri Lankan said:" When I go back, I want to tell my family, relatives and friends that it was the Chinese who saved me! When you tour around us, we all know it’s unnecessary to be afraid. The Chinese are waiting and protecting us! I will never forget it in my life, and neither will my children and grandchildren. " Greek Chief engineer Asong Sikono was the oldest crew member of the whole ship. He asked to use our ship's wireless phone to talk to his family. When he heard his wife's voice on the phone, he cried and couldn't speak. After more than ten minutes, he said intermittently: "You must have heard that I met with misfortune... rest assured... the Chinese saved us... and the captain, political commissar and us... ate at the same table..."

希腊大管舱佛来季・本德里斯说:“你们不仅救了我,还救了我的妻子。她还有八天就要生育了,这次如果生个儿子,一定要取名’汉川‘，’汉川’！……”

Just like seamanship, people have graces, ships have graces, and countries have graces! I hope each of us can remember it all the time!

"You not only saved me, but also saved my wife," said Friedrich Bendris, a Greek Second engineer. She will give birth in eight days. If she gives birth to a son this time, he must be named 'Hanchuan'..."

Seamanship, seamanship,人有人的风度,船有船的风度,国有国的风度！但 愿一但愿我们每个人也能时时刻刻记住这ー点吧！

船长的苦恼

The Master's Worries

我望着贝汉廷开朗的面容,他是多么幸福啊!这个精通自己业务、善于驾驭大海的能手,这个在国际远洋航线上有着很高威望的船长,他,可也有什么苦恼吗?

I looked at Bei Hanting's cheerful face. How happy he was! He was an expert who was proficient in his own business and was good at controlling the sea, and a master who had high prestige on international ocean-going routes, can he also have any worries?

他沉吟了一阵,竟叹了一口气说:“我53岁了,正当年,正该大干一场啊,可有时,却不得不睁着一只眼,闭着一只眼过……”

He pondered for a while, sighed and said: "I am 53 years old. I’m in my prime, so I should make more contributions, but sometimes I have to turn a blind eye to something..."

旁边的同志一船员们,还有工作组的同志,纷纷补充说:“现在,谁不想甩开膀子大干一场啊!可掣肘的事就那么多!”

The comrades next to him, the crew members and the comrades of the working group, added one after another: "Now, who doesn't want to roll up our sleeves! However, there are so many things constraining us!"

比如:什么呢?

Like what?

什么吗?大家也七嘴八舌地说开了。比如什么吗?俯拾皆是啊!就比如吧……

What? There were lively discussions with everybody trying to get a word in. Like what? We could see everywhere! Just like that—

有的船员不合格,要求不听,严格一点吧,他就拿出打派仗的办法去反映你,而掌权的居然仍是他的“哥们儿”。

Some crew members were unqualified and didn't listen to their demands. If you were strict, he would show the way of fight among factions to report you, and it was still his "buddy" who was in power.

“X X号”不就有这么一位水手到处拍着胸脯讲吗:“哼!船长批评我,叫我下 船……三天后,下船的是他。闲话一句嘛!”

In the "X X" ship, there was such a sailor patting his chest and saying to everyone, "Humph! The captain criticized me and told me to disembark... Three days later, it was he who disembarked. I only need to say something to my buddy!"

再比如:X X省海运局通过香港招商局买了两条船,得招商局雇用外国水手接回来。这,要花多少外汇啊!而且人还不好找。贝汉廷和“汉川”正在香港,听说这事立即提出:把“汉川”的62个船员分出28个来,替他们把船接回来。报告打上去,联系了再联系,请示了又请示,研究了再研究,最后终于拖过了时日……

Another example: A Shipping Bureau in X X Province bought two ships through Hong Kong Merchants Group, so Hong Kong Merchants Group had to hire foreign sailors to pick them up. How much foreign exchange will it cost! And it was difficult to find qualified people. Bei Hanting and the Hanchuan were in Hong Kong at that time, so when he heard about this, he immediately proposed to divide 28 of the 62 crew members of the Hanchuan and took the ship back for them. He reported to his superiors, contacted them again and again, studied and studied again, and finally time was up...

又比如:我们每天运的货,人人都明白这是全国人民省下来的口中食、身上衣……“汉川号”因此也千方百计地为国家挣取外汇,节约外汇,像小泮那样磕掉门牙照样拼命的事多得很。可我们挣回来的外汇呢,是每一枚都用到“四化”上了吗?为什么有的人浪费起来那样潇洒,那样满不在乎呢?

Take another example: Everyone know that the goods we ship every day are the food and clothes saved by the people of the whole country... Therefore, the Hanchuan has tried its best to earn and save foreign exchange for the country, and there are many things people have done arduously like Young Pan who have knocked out his front teeth. But what about the foreign exchange we earned back? Have these earning been used in the Four Modernizations? Why do some people waste them so indifferently?

又比如,又比如……哎,何必再说下去呢!难道每个要干点儿事的人,不都经过盖上十七八个图章,也解决不了一点问题的事例吗?

Another example... Alas, why do we have to continue this topic! Isn't it a case that everyone who wants to do something but fail in the end even if receiving seventeen or eighteen stamps?

人民多么希望我们能少几个扯皮的干部,而多一些勇于承担重担的master啊!

People really wish we could have fewer cadres who are not responsible or shift blames to others and more masters who are brave enough to bear heavy burdens!

因此,我讲了这个故事。

Therefore, I told this story.

我讲了一个成长的青年的故事,可绝非只为了青年;我讲了一个海员的故事,可绝非只为了海员;我讲了一个船长的故事,可绝非只为了船长……

I told the story of a growing youth, but it is not just for youth; I told the story of a seafarer, but it was not just for seafarers; I told the story of a master, but it was not just for masters...

那么,我是为了谁呢?是你啊,我的祖国!啊,我的亲爱的,经历了巨大欢乐和痛苦的祖国;我的正在向四个现代化前进,而又困难重重的祖国！我是为你而讲的,你听见了吗?你听见了吗?啊,我的祖国,生我养我的祖国啊……

So, who am I for? It's you, my motherland! Ah, my dear, the motherland that has experienced great joy and sorrow; My motherland, which is advancing towards the Four Modernizations and is facing many difficulties! I'm speaking for you, do you hear me? Ah, my motherland, the motherland where I was born and raised...

（原载《人民文学》1979年第11期）

(Originally published in People's Literature, No.11, 1979)

卷二：1.目录

卷ー

序李炳银/001

哥德巴赫猜想 徐 迟/001

船长柯岩/021

痴情理由/040

中国姑娘鲁光/ 086

三门李逸闻乔迈Z 138

胡杨泪孟晓云/ 150

原野在呼唤 王兆军/ 163

热血男儿李士非/ 183

卷二

中国农民大趋势（节选）李延国/219

理论狂人 陈祖芬/261

神圣忧思录 张 敏/283

强国梦（节选）赵瑜/315

伐木者,醒来!（节选）徐 刚Z358

步鑫生现象的反思 周嘉俊Z397 昆山之路杨守松/ 425

飞向太空港（节选）李鸣生/465

东方风来满眼春 陈锡添/526

好梦将圆时 江永红/539

智慧风暴（节选）王宏甲/573

卷四

4万:400万的牵挂 张雅文/ 625

香港回归祖国10周年回眸 长 江/ 670

木棉花开李春雷/695

休息的革命（缩写本）王宏甲 刘 建/716

闪着泪光的事业 蒋 巍/758

让百姓做主朱晓军李英/ 777

难回故里郭冬Z 817

卷五

国家何建明/855

蛟龙探海（节选）许 晨/ 915

袁隆平的世界（节选）陈启文/950

“神舟”天路 兰宁远/ 1011

智慧之翼李青松/ 1044

附录 改革开放四十年优秀报告文学存目Z 1060

卷二：2.中国农民大趋势 Volume 2: 2.General Trend for Chinese Farmers

中国农民大趋势

General Trend for Chinese Farmers

胶东风情录（节选）

Stories in Jiaodong (excerpt)

李延国

Li Yanguo

第一章 相会在北京（I changed オ目 with 相）

Chapter One Meeting in Beijing

初春。北京电影制片厂。

In early spring. In Beijing Film Studio.

我住在这个厂招待所的一间斗室里,正没完没了地修改ー个电影文学剧本。 一天,值班室的服务员用扩音器通知我:有客人来找。

I lived in a small room in this factory’s guest house, where I was constantly revising a film literature script. One day, the attendant in the duty room informed me through a megaphone that some guests came for me.

我走下楼去。几个身穿呢料制服的男子汉正等候在那里。

I went downstairs. Several men in woolen uniforms were waiting there.

“弟弟!”我一下把他从人群中辨认出来,他那黝黑的、已经被岁月的犁铮犁出了沟痕的面孔,刚经修饰,显得容光焕发。他彬彬有礼地上前来同我握手,向我介绍同来的人们。他们的神采和装束使我大为惊讶,要知道,他们是文学概念中的“庄稼汉”呀!

"Brother!" I recognized him from the crowd at once. His dark face, which had been furrowed by the plows of years, had just been taken good care of, so he looked radiant. He came politely to shake hands with me and introduce me to the people who came with him. Their looks and costumes surprised me greatly. You know, they are "plowmen" if you describe them with the words in literature!

“你们怎么来的?”

"How did you come?"

“自己带的车!”他指指外面的“吉普”。

"My own car!" He pointed to the Jeep outside.

两千多里路,他们竟然坐上了“专车”。

There were more than 2,000 miles, but they should enjoy the tailored taxi service.

“你们要去哪里?”

"Where are you going?"

“深圳!”

"Shenzhen!"

“到深圳做什么?”

"What are you doing in Shenzhen?"

“考察!”

"Investigation!"

故乡,在我的情思里,那是黄昏的茅屋上一缕淡淡的炊烟,那是黎明的原野上一声悠长的牛叫,那是父亲头上一顶破了边的草帽,那是母亲褪色的衣襟上一块杂色补丁,那是弟弟一双饥饿的眼睛,那是妹妹辫子上一根粗糙的头绳……眼前的景象,使我无法和过去联系起来。

I had a lingering affection for my hometown. When the thought of it came to me, a faint wisp of smoke from kitchen chimneys on the hut at dusk, a long cow bark on the plain at dawn, a straw hat with a broken edge on my father's head, a variegated patch on my mother's faded skirt, a pair of eyes of my younger brother showing his hunger, and a rough head band on my sister's braid sprang to my mind... But the sight before me made me unable to connect it with the past.

“你们办好去边境的手续了吗?”

"Have you completed the formalities for going to the border?"

“办好了！”

"Yes!"

“坐火车去吗?”

"Will you go by train?"

“不,坐飞机去!”

"No, we’ll go by plane!"

“你们是怎样买到飞机票的?”

"How did you get air tickets?"

“作家协会的一位同志帮忙买的。”

"A comrade of the China Writers Association helped us to buy it."

我从一个农民走上文坛,足足用了二十多年的工夫,那是一条漫长的路,我仿佛觉得,这条路已经离开家乡很远很远,不料想,兄弟们斜刺里从青纱帐杀了出来, 竟一下子冲进了这个世界的核心部位。

It took me more than 20 years to walk into the literary world from a farmer. It was a long road, on which I seemed to feel that I had left my hometown for a long time. Unexpectedly, my brothers ran from a field suddenly and rushed into the core of the world at once.

他们这一行,是由年轻的镇委书记谢玉堂带领的,其中包括已经声名大震的农民企业家李德海等。他们去深圳不仅是为了开开眼界,原来家乡在那里是投了资的,一甩手拿出几十万、上百万元,现在他们将以“股东”的身份走在深圳繁华的街市上,从那个窗口去瞭望世界!

They are led by Xie Yutang, a young Township Committee secretary, and they are accompanied by Li Dehai, a famous farmer entrepreneur. They go to Shenzhen not only to widen their horizons. Originally, our hometown invested hundreds of thousands and millions of yuan there, so now they will walk in the bustling Shenzhen as shareholders and look at the world from that window!

我不知该怎样招待他们这些“天外来客”。

I didn't know how to entertain these "men who fell to earth".

我忽然想到了我的优势:“我领你们去看看摄影棚吧,里面在拍电影,挺好玩的。”

I suddenly thought of a things I was good at: "Let me show you the studio, where movies are being made, which is quite fun."

他们一行人顿时变成了“中国农民电影考察团”,随我向摄影棚走去。艺术对他们曾是遥远的、朦胧的,今天他们要走近前去看个仔细。

They suddenly turned into a "Chinese Farmers Film Investigation Group" and followed me to the studio. Art used to be far away and obscure to them. Today they should come closer and take a closer look.

我们被挡在摄影棚巨大的铁门外边,这里的制度是严格的,参观的人需经厂保卫科批准。

We were kept out of the huge iron gate of the studio. The system here was strict, and visitors need to be approved by the factory security department.

“中国农民电影考察团”被尴尬地晒在那里。

The "Chinese Farmers Film Investigation Group" was embarrassed there.

我忽然又想起了另ー个优势:“去看看'北影一条街’吧！”

I suddenly remembered another place I was familiar with: "Let’s visit the Beijing Film Studio Street!"

“北影一条街”是ー个半永久性的露天布景,坐落在厂院后区,巧夺天工的美工师们在这里搭起了具有古典风格的店铺、楼阁、墙垒。走在这里,像走进了陈旧的岁月之中。《垂帘听政》《海囚》《双雄会》《骆驼祥子》等等许多撼动人心的历史场面都是在这里拍摄出来的,中国农民在这里扮演了屈辱和失败的角色！

It was a semi-permanent open-air set, which was located in the back area of the factory yard, where wonderful art designers set up shops, pavilions and walls with classical style. Walking here was like walking into the past. Many shocking historical scenes, such as Holding Court from behind a Screen, Captives, Shuang Xiong Hui and Camel Xiangzi, were filmed here, where Chinese farmers played the role of humiliation and failure!

农民兄弟们巨大的步幅,很快把这一条小小的街道丈量完了,他们好奇地转到布景的后面,ー个个不禁哑然失笑:“都是假的呀!”

They made huge strides so that they quickly visited this small street. They turned curiously to the back of the set, and all of them couldn't help laughing: "It's all fake!"

没有什么事情能唤起他们的兴趣。我决意尽主人之道,把他们领到北影小食堂狠狠来上一顿,花个三十二十的！

Nothing can arouse their interest. I was determined to do the honors, and lead them to our canteen to have a good meal, which will cost twenty or thirty yuan!

“不,跟我们去吧！”他们反客为主。

"No, come with us!" They turned passivity into activity.

“去哪里?”

"Where?"

“小洞天,西餐!”

"Xiaodongtian, which sells western food!"

我简直是五体投地！我想象不出来,他们是怎么睁大寻觅的眼睛,在偌大的北京城找到了那个藏在地缝里的“小洞天”的。

I swept my feet by them! I couldn't imagine how they kept their eyes wide open to find it hidden in the crevice of the ground in the vast Beijing.

我的兄弟们在我面前变得陌生了,这一切变化是怎样开始的?是谁给了他们这新的风采、新的气质?

My brothers have become strangers before me. How did all this change begin? Who gave them this new style and temperament?

他们似乎在追赶着什么一乘上飞机,用超音速……

They seem to be chasing something by plane at supersonic speed...

文学,将仰首注视他们!

Literature will look up at them!

中国,是世界上拥有农民最多的国家,谁不了解当代的中国农民的变化,谁就不了解当代的中国。

China is the country with the largest number of farmers in the world. Whoever does not understand the changes of contemporary Chinese farmers will not understand contemporary China.

传统的农民观念在我的头脑里发生了动摇。

The traditional concept about farmers has shaken in my mind.

到胶东去!

Go to Jiaodong!

到故乡去!

Go to hometown!

第二章故乡之门

Chapter 2 The Gate of Hometown

烟台,我的故乡。

Yantai is my hometown.

据说,这是一个没有待业青年的城市。一位空军战斗英雄在这里担任副市长; 一位从北京招聘来的硕士研究生被委任为市委宣传部长（他们都是胶东的儿子）；留职停薪的教师开办旅游开发公司,市政府领导亲临剪彩;上海交通大学的几位校 友创办烟台思源新技术开发公司,经济学家于光远发来贺电;新建的电视台将于7月1日开播;集资兴办的综合性的烟台大学正在开挖地基;现代化的海上游乐园正在崆峒岛上破土动工;东郊的飞机场、西郊的高速公路正在筹建之中；那些农民办的饭店、旅馆、商场、烤鸭店、运输公司更是兴隆昌盛……真个是:昨梦乘风破浪去, 满山灯火是烟台。（I changed 啞桐 with 崆峒）

It is said that this is a city without unemployed youth. An Air Force hero served as deputy mayor here. A graduate student recruited from Beijing was appointed as municipal party committee propaganda department minister (they are all residents of Jiaodong). Teachers who stayed without pay set up tourism development companies, and leaders of the municipal government cut the ribbon in person. Several alumni of Shanghai Jiaotong University founded Yantai Siyuan New Technology Development Company, and economist Yu Guangyuan sent a congratulatory message. The newly built TV station will start broadcasting on July 1. The comprehensive Yantai University, which received funds, is excavating the foundation. The modern sea amusement park is breaking ground on kongtong island. The airport in the eastern suburbs and the expressway in the western suburbs are under construction. Those restaurants, hotels, shopping malls, roast duck stores and transportation companies run by farmers are even more prosperous... No matter how rich they are, all they dream, miss and think about are Yantai.

当天晚上,市委书记王济夫同志来到宾馆。凡来烟台的学者、作家、画家、书法 家、记者、编辑、科学家,他总要抽空来看望。他身上兼有军人的敏捷和学者的优雅,讲话却又充满诗人的激情,那浓重的乡音,又使我如见故里。

That evening, Comrade Wang Jifu, Party Secretary, came to the hotel. He always takes time to visit scholars, writers, painters, calligraphers, journalists, editors and scientists who come to Yantai. He has the agility of a soldier and the elegance of a scholar, but his speech is full of the passion of a poet. When hearing his strong local accent, I feel like I’m in my hometown.

他也是胶东当代的一个传奇人物。他一会儿身穿西服登上党代会的主席台,一会儿在宾馆和外商洽谈大型旅游服务系统的投资,一会儿又拉着商业局长深入个体饮食店解决原料供应,一会儿又到新成立的画院和画家们评论新作,一会儿又到某郊区县为农民企业家发表辩护演说……此刻为迎接对外开放,他刚刚从海湾对面的姊妹城市一大连考察回来,毫无倦意地坐在沙发上。

He is also a contemporary legend in Jiaodong. He wore a suit and boarded the rostrum of the National Congress of the Communist Party of China. He discussed the investment of large-scale tourism service system with foreign businessmen in hotels. He took the commercial director to deeply understand individual restaurants to solve the supply of raw materials. He went to the newly established painting academy to comment on new works with painters. He went to a suburban county to give a defense speech for farmer entrepreneurs... At the moment, in order to embrace the opening to the outside world, he investigated in Dalian, a sister city across the bay, and just now he came back, sitting on the sofa without tiredness.

“最近写些什么作品了?”他拍拍我刚送给他的《在这片国土上》的单行本,“你很少回家,应该回来看看我们这片乡土。这是一片烈士洒过鲜血的土地,今天发生了翻天覆地的变化。你应该看看农民怎样变成企业家的。”他边说边挥动手臂,仿佛这不是在屋里,而是在ー个视野开阔的制高点上,“'牟平七雄’’蓬莱八仙’’黄县五杰’’栖霞三能’……他们都是一窝子一窝子的。英雄无独有偶,都是竞争出来的。三中全会造就了一大批英雄,你应该去看看他们怎样跟着三中全会的旗帜, 改变了自己的命运。现在的家乡,可不是昔日的家乡了;现在的农业,可不是传统的农业了;现在的农民,可不是当年鲁迅笔下的阿Q、赵树理笔下的李有才,也不是高晓声笔下的陈奂生了。就是说,这个深刻变化不仅发生在地貌上、生产关系上, 也发生在人的灵魂深处,动摇了很多传统的东西……”

"What have you written recently?" He patted the offprint In This Motherland I just gave him. "You seldom go home, so you should come back and see our native land. This is a land where martyrs have sacrificed their life, and the changes are beyond recognition today. You should see how farmers become entrepreneurs." As he spoke, he waved his arms, as if this was not in the house, but on a commanding height with a wide field of vision. "Seven Heroes in Muping, Eight Immortals in Penglai City, Five Heroes in Huang County and Three Advantages in Qixia... They all occur in our hometown. There is not only one hero. They are nurtured because of competition. The Third Plenary Session brought up a large number of heroes. You should see how they followed the directions of the Third Plenary Session and changed their own destiny. The present hometown is not the former one. Today's agriculture is not traditional agriculture. Today's farmers are not Ah Q written by Lu Xun, Li Youyu written by Zhao Shuli, or Chen Huansheng written by Gao Xiaosheng. That is to say, this profound change occurs not only in landform and production relations, but also in the depths of people's souls, changing many traditional things..."

来也匆匆,去也匆匆。他走下楼去,站到汽车门前,海风掀起他黑色的衣襟,像鼓起的船帆。他回头说:

He comes and goes in a hurry. He went downstairs and stood in front of the car. The sea breeze lifted his black clothes like a bulging sail. He turned back and said:

“人是复杂的,文学也应该是复杂的。唱改革者之歌的时候,不要忘记他们的辛酸、他们的磨难。任何一项改革都不是在笔直的路上走的……”

"People are complex, so should literature. When we are in the process of reform, we should not forget their bitterness and hardships. No reform is easy..."

车走了,仲夏的海滨卷起一阵旋风。

The car left, and a whirlwind rolled up on the seashore in midsummer.

好有力的旋风啊!

What a powerful whirlwind!

第三章走进蓬莱仙境

Chapter 3 Walking into Penglai Wonderland

蓬莱阁上

Penglai Pavilion

——神话今说

—Talking about Myth Today

蓬莱,民族英雄戚继光的故乡,八仙过海传说的发祥地,你把魂魄凝聚在小小的蓬莱阁上。不是吗?要不,在这里只做过五天知府的苏东坡为什么留下了“东方云海空复空,群仙出没空明中”的诗句?为什么远离热土的老华侨要登临神堂烧上一炷香烛?为什么那些蓝眼睛的异国人要在参天的古柏前留一帧小照?

Penglai City, the hometown of national hero Qi Jiguang and the place producing the legend of The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea, you condense your soul on the small Penglai Pavilion. Isn't it? Otherwise, why did Su Dongpo, who has only been a magistrate of a prefecture here for five days, leave the poem "I imagine clouds in the Eastern Sea is empty, but the immortals appear in quietness"? Why do old overseas Chinese who are far away from motherland go to the temple to burn incense? Why do those blue-eyed foreigners leave a small picture in front of ancient towering pine trees?

在我登上这座建筑在民族心理上九百余年的仙阁时,适逢ー批外国友人乘兴游览,导游员刘妍,一位端庄聪颖的农民女儿（她爱好田径,学过武术,酷爱外语）,带领他们穿行在神话传说的历史中。

When I stood in this fairy pavilion, which has been built for more than 900 years, it coincided with a group of foreign friends enjoying the tour. The tour guide Liu Yan, a dignified and intelligent woman whose father is a farmer (she loves athletics and foreign languages, and has studied martial arts), led them through the history of myths and legends.

“请问刘小姐,这里为什么叫蓬莱呢?”

"Excuse me, Miss Liu, why is this place called Penglai?"

“据说,当年秦始皇为了求长生不老药,曾来到这里,他突然发现海里有一片赤色,就连忙问随行的方士:’那是什么?’方士答道:'那是仙岛。’秦始皇又问:'那仙岛叫什么名字?’方士回答不上来,慌乱中发现海水里有一片海草,'蓬’和'莱’都是草名,方士就顺ロ应付说:'蓬莱。’从此,蓬莱仙岛这个名字就流传开了……”

"It is said that Qin Shi Huang came here in order to seek elixir of life. He suddenly found that there was red color in the sea, so he quickly asked the accompanying alchemist: 'What is that?' The alchemist replied, 'That's an island for immortals.' Qin Shihuang asked again, 'What's the name of it?' The alchemist couldn't answer that. In panic, he found that there was a piece of seaweed in the sea. 'Peng' and 'Lai' were both grass names, so the alchemist responded, 'Penglai.' Since then, the name Penglai Immortal Island has spread..."

“刘小姐,您刚オ说,八仙过海中的八位神仙,是在蓬莱阁上喝醉了酒之后飘然过海……请问,他们过海到哪里去了?”

"Miss Liu, you just said that the eight immortals who crossed the sea were drunk on Penglai Pavilion and flew above the sea... Excuse me, where did they go after crossing the sea?"

“传说很多。不过,今天的蓬莱农村,发生了翻天覆地的变化,我想,八位仙人 一定是留恋人间的新生活,投胎为农民企业家、专业户、个体户。如果先生和女士们有兴趣,不妨到蓬莱农村一游……”

"There are many legends. However, great changes have taken place in Penglai's rural areas today. I think the eight immortals must be nostalgic for the new life in the world and reborn as farmer entrepreneurs, family which engages in a specialized trade and self-employed entrepreneurs. Gentlemen and ladies, if you are interested in these changes, why not visit rural areas in Penglai?"


刘妍莞尔一笑,博得一阵喝彩! 一位外宾说:

Liu Yan smiled and got a big round of applause! A foreign guest said:

“刘小姐,你可以做何仙姑了!”

"Miss Liu, you can be He Xiangu (one of the Eight Immortals)!"

伊甸园的葡萄熟了

Grapes in Garden of Eden are Ripe

——商品生产观念的形成

—The formation of the commodity production concept

今天,庄户人的自给自足的传统观念像雪山一样崩塌了!

Today, the traditional concept of self-sufficiency of farmers has been greatly changed!

大姜家大队的300亩葡萄园,就曾经是一个和传统观念搏斗的战场！

The 300-mu (a unit of measurement in China) vineyard of the Jiang family was once a battlefield, on which people fought against traditional ideas!

开始,28岁的支部书记姜世谭,决定根据三中全会精神调整农业内部结构,拿出西南洼110亩水浇地改种葡萄,立时受到围攻,上面点名,下面咒骂,连老父亲也质问他:“现在国家提高粮价,你去种什么葡萄?”

At first, Jiang Shitan, the 28-year-old Party branch secretary, decided to adjust the internal structure of agriculture according to the spirit of the Third Plenary Session, and took out 110 mu of irrigated cropland in the southwest area to replant grapes. He was immediately besieged. His superiors named and shamed him and the ordinary people cursed him out. Even his old father questioned him: "Now the country has raised food prices, why do you plant grapes?"

为了使葡萄园方方正正,还要耕掉50亩漫脚面的麦苗,于是老队长姜世希领着四个生产队长和姜世谭滚打在ー起:

In order to make grapes grow vertically, it was necessary to remove 50 mu of wheat seedlings that had grown a little, so the old captain Jiang Shixi led four production captains to fight with Jiang Shitan:

“败家子儿！这是四五万斤麦子呀!”

"You black sheep! This is 40,000 to 50,000 jin of wheat!"

“老祖宗撇下这么点好地,你穷作!”

"The ancestors left such a good place, but you miss this opportunity!"

“你不是吃人饭长的……”

"Didn't you grow up eating rice?"

姜世谭被逼成个“红眼狼”,鞭子一甩:“耕!”他推着雪亮的犁刀,绿生生的麦苗被翻到地下去了！

Jiang Shitan was forced into a "red-eyed wolf" (a person who is greedy) and whipped: "Plow!" He pulled the sharp plow, and the green wheat seedlings were buried!

1983年秋天,葡萄熟了,一嘟噜一串地压满了架子,听听那些名字吧:龙眼、泽香、白茹、枣晶、贵人香、赤霞珠……姜世谭把全村老少六百口子请了来:

In the autumn of 1983, the grapes were ripe, and the trellises were filled with grapes. Listen to those names of grapes: Longyan, Zexiang, Bairu, Zaojing, Guirenxiang, Chixiazhu... Jiang Shitan invited 600 people from all over the village:

“今天请乡亲们来吃葡萄！一百多个品种管尝！大家边吃,边算一笔账,按市价这一嘟噜葡萄能卖一块钱,大家可以数数有多少嘟噜……”

"Today, I want to invite you villagers to eat grapes! There are more than 100 varieties for you! You can eat and calculate the accounts. According to the market price, a bunch of grapes can sell for one yuan. You can count how many bunches of grapes..."

数得过来吗?

Can you count them all?

最后的账目还是由会计算出来的,一亩葡萄的收益相当于1万斤小麦,100多亩葡萄超过了全村1500亩粮田的总收入！

The final account was calculated by the accountant. The income of 1 mu of grapes was equivalent to 10,000 jin of wheat, and the income of more than 100 mu of grapes exceeded the total income of 1,500 mu of grain fields in the village!

伊甸园的葡萄熟了,大姜家人的思想飞跃了！

The grapes in the Garden of Eden were ripe, and the Jiang family had progressive thoughts!

姜世谭又来了第二个惊险的跳跃:建立食品加工厂,生产葡萄罐头,增值！

Jiang Shitan met the second thrilling challenge: setting up a food processing factory and producing canned grapes so as to increase the value of grapes!

食品厂在斗争中建起来了,开工40天,产值就达14万元。

The food factory was built in a struggle. The output value reached 140,000 yuan after 40 days of operating.

“凡是要改革ー项事情,总是有阻力。毛主席去世后,两个’凡是’听得多顺溜? 一说毛主席有错误有缺点,农民根本不承认这个事。搞大包干、责任制,可又舍不得丢掉大锅饭;要搞商品生产,阻力更大,这次改革是农民改行呀!农民做工, 书记当经理。过去是春天捅一棍,秋天吃一顿,现在像《霍元甲》主题歌里唱的: ’沉睡百年,国人渐已醒,睁开眼吧,抬头看吧’,和几千年的小农生产方式决裂了。”

"There are always obstacles whatever things we want to reform. After Chairman Mao's death, we are used to listening to 'Two Whatevers' (it refers to the statement that we will resolutely uphold whatever policy decisions Chairman Mao made, and unswervingly follow whatever instructions Chairman Mao gave). When Chairman Mao is said to have made mistakes and shortcomings, farmers simply refuse to admit it. When we introduce the household responsibility system, farmers still want to mess together to eat food prepared in a large canteen. It’s more difficult if we want to carry out commodity production. This reform will push farmers to change their careers! Farmers do the work, and secretaries are managers. In the past, farmers worked in spring and harvested in autumn. Now, as the theme song of Fearless sings: 'After a hundred years of sleeping, Chinese people have gradually woken up. Open your eyes and look up'. Now it is totally different from the peasant mode of production for thousands of years. "

草店流行红裙子

Red Skirts are Popular in Forage Store

——生活秩序、审美心理一见

—Life Order and Aesthetic Psychology can be Found

一走进草店大队,不时地看到ー些穿红裙子的姑娘,那么惹目。

As soon as I walk into the production brigade of forage store, I see some girls in red skirts from time to time, who catch my eye.

她们来自何方?

Where do they come from?

两年前,党支部书记王明福六进天津请来ー个病休的女工程师,一下子给她涨了20级工资（月工资300元,路费、生活费全包）,建起了一个染线厂。结果是:请了一个人,办了一个厂,富了一个村。后来又在染线厂的基础上办起了羊毛衫厂。整个草店的生活秩序改变了,实行生产责任制后的两个“剩余”（剩余劳力、剩余时间）变成了两个“紧张”,又从外村雇用了 500多劳力,都是年轻的农村姑娘。

Two years ago, Wang Mingfu, the Party branch secretary, hired a female engineer on sick leave in Tianjin, suddenly gave her a 20-fold increase in salary (her monthly salary was 300 yuan, and travel expenses and living expenses are all included), and set up a dyeing factory. As a result, a person was hired, a factory was set up, and a village was rich. Later, a wool sweater factory was set up thanks to the dyeing factory. The life order of the whole forage store has changed. After the implementation of the production responsibility system, the two "surpluses" (surplus labor and surplus labor time) have become two "tensions", so more than 500 laborers have been employed from other villages, all of whom were young rural girls.

这些来自南庄北疃的姑娘们,一开始是带着一些羞涩和矜持走上草店那带有路灯的、25米宽的大路的。可是织布机很快改变了老一辈留给她们的旧有的生活节奏。她们不再像父辈们那样,日出而作,日落而息。这个“不夜村”里,她们见面不再用父辈的“上山下山”,而是互相招呼着:“你夜班?”“你白班?”“你上班?”“你下班?”每当说着的时候,你可以看出她们内心的自豪和欢悦。她们也像城里人ー 样,提兜里装上一个铝饭盒,吃饭的时候聚在ー起,说着班上的一些事情。她们织出的羊毛衫印上蓬莱阁图案,运到了东北、陕北、山西、河南……她们的审美观已不满足于过去的头上插一朵野花、扎一根红头绳,现在她们用自己挣的工资买来了最时兴的红裙子。（I changed 瞳 with 疃）

These girls from villages across China started to walk on the 25-meter-wide road with street lamps in the forage store with some shyness and reserve. However, the loom quickly changed the old life rhythm left by the older generation. They no longer worked at sunrise and rest at sunset like their parents. Instead, in this "sleepless village", they no longer said "going up and down the mountain" like their parents when they meet, but greeted each other: "Do you work night shifts?" "You work the day shift?" "You go to work?" "You're off duty?" Whenever they talk, you can see their inner pride and joy. Like people in the city, they carry an aluminum lunch box in their buckets, gather together when eating, and talk about some things in the workshop. The wool sweaters they knitted were printed with Penglai Pavilion patterns and shipped to Northeast China, Northern Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan... They were no longer satisfied with putting wild flowers and tying red ropes on their heads in the past, but now they have bought the most fashionable red skirts with their own wages.

去访问一个穿红裙子的姑娘吧!

Let’s go and interview a girl in a red skirt!

她叫姜利华,是附近上口姜家大队社员,今年21岁,她胖乎乎的,生着一个端正的小翘鼻子,头发梳成两个“把把”,发梢是烫过的,显得很有韵致。

She is Jiang Lihua, a member of the nearby Jiang’s production brigade. She is 21 years old. She is chubby, has a straight, wide flat nose, and two braids. Her hair tips are permed, which makes her look very charming.

“你为什么到这里来?”

"Why do you come here?"

“不愿意在家种地。”她爽直地向我笑笑,胖胖的手来回搓着。

"I don't want to cultivate land at home." She said with a frank smile, rubbing her plump hands back and forth.

“家里分那么几亩地,也用不着闺女家,还有她哥,她爹。”陪伴我的离职老队长在一边插言。

"A family with a few mu of land doesn’t need the help of daughters. Her brother and her father will do it." The departing captain who accompanied me interjected at the side.

“你打算在这里干到什么时候?”

"How long are you going to work here?"

“干到工厂’黄’了的时候……不’黄'就在这里干!”

"When the factory is bankrupted... if it runs well, I will work here!"

“你去年收入了多少?”

"How much did you earn last year?"

“1010块,年底开支一大摞,没敢往家喊（拿）,公社信用社在这里,存了活期, 存折交给俺爹……”

"1010 yuan. Because there were a lot of expenses at the end of the year, I didn't dare to take home. The rural credit cooperative is here, so I saved money in a savings account, and handed the passbook to my father..."

“你花钱怎么办?”

"What will you do if you want to spend money?"

“问俺爹要……哎呀,你记这些干什么?让人家笑话。”

"Ask my dad to... Oh, why do you write down these? People will laugh at me."

“你爹妈高兴吧?”

"Are your parents happy?"

老队长:“他们当然高兴,她一个人挣的顶他们全家!”

The old captain said: "Of course they are happy. She alone earns more money than the whole family combined!"

姑娘抿嘴一笑:“以前俺上下班骑俺二姐的自行车,今年俺爹托人上北沟买了辆'金鹿’。他说:’华,这辆车子就是你的了,好好骑。’俺回家一干活他就说:’不用不用,你去睡觉吧。’大姐二姐都不如我。上夜班带饭,俺妈都非给两个鸡蛋拿着。”

The girl chuckled: "I used to ride my second sister's bicycle to commute. But this year, my father asked someone to go to Beigou to buy a 'Jin Lu' (it is a famous bicycle brand at that time). He said, 'Hua, it is yours, so take good care of it.' As soon as I got home to do housework, he said, 'No, no, you can go to bed.' The oldest sister and the second sister are not as good as me. When I take meals on the night shift, my mother insists on giving me two eggs."

老队长:“你看看那些上夜班的闺女,哪个不拿鸡蛋?早先还有她们的?都是 早晨打给她爹她哥吃了。”

The old captain said: "Look at those girls who work the night shift. Which one doesn't take eggs? In the past, it was impossible. These eggs belonged to her father and brother in the morning."

“明天王绪庙会,俺妈说给俺和嫂子一人20元钱,再添些夏天衣裳。”

"Tomorrow it's the Wangxu Temple Fair, so my mother said she will give me and my sister-in-law 20 yuan so that we can buy summer clothes."

老队长:“还添衣裳！如今的姑娘家,哪个的衣裳都是一身一身的。也不嫌衣裳多了生虫子!”（I changed 氏 with 长）

The old captain said: "Buy more clothes? Today's girls have too many clothes. They do not worry about more clothes will attract bugs?"

“出去旅游过吗?”

"Have you ever traveled?"

“还没有!”

"Not yet!"

老队长:“可不喜去,一点好处也没有。招远的一帮子坐拖拉机上蓬莱阁,车翻沟里去了,一下子死了俩！再说听景有景,看景没景。逛一趟泰山来回得花一百多,还不如在家里喝100斤酒!”

The old captain said: "Travelling is not preferred. It's no good at all. Some people in Zhaoyuan City went to Penglai Pavilion on a tractor, which turned over the ditch, and two of them died at once! Besides, listening to other’s introduction of the scenery is better than watching the scenery. It takes more than 100 yuan to visit the Mount Tai. It is better to drink 100 jin of wine at home!"

姑娘没有吭声,也许她自有主张。

The girl didn't say anything. Maybe she had her own ideas.

回到招待所里,我思绪不能平息。过去这个村子是蓬（莱）黄（县）公路上的一个马车店,因兼卖草料而得名“草店”。至今老人们还能背下流传几辈子的歌谣: “草店穷,穷草店,吃水要走二里半,去时穿花鞋,回时露鸭蛋（后脚跟）,有女不嫁穷草店。”从歌谣中的“花鞋”二字猜测,这歌谣一定是受尽了苦楚的妇女们编出来的。而今妇女们进草店也不是那么容易了。王明福规定,来草店做工的姑娘除了要经过考试外,模样不耐看的不要,个头不高的不要——来记者照相没有机器高那还行吗?以后不光要会说中国话,还要会说外国话的——这里常有外宾来。

After I returned to the guesthouse, my thoughts couldn't calm down. In the past, this village was an inn on Peng Huang (or Lai County) Highway, which was named forage store because it also sold forage. Up to now, the old people can still recite the ballad that has been passed down for several generations: "The forage store is poor. So poor the forage store is. It takes two and a half li to drink water. You wear beautiful shoes when you go there, but expose your heel when returning back. If you have a daughter, you won’t let her marry the guy in the poor forage store." From the words "beautiful shoes" in the ballad, it is guessed that this ballad must have been made up by women who suffered a lot. Nowadays, it is not so easy for women to be hired in this forage store. Wang Mingfu stipulates that girls who come to work here should not only pass the exam, but should be tall and easy on the eyes. After all, the reporter can’t take picture of her if she is not as tall as a camera. In the future, they should not only speak Chinese, but also speak foreign languages, because foreign guests often come here.

在我门ロ一边,有一个卖杂货的摊贩,五十多岁年纪,戴着一副眼镜,一条眼镜腿断了,是用麻线拴在耳朵上的。在那些杂七杂八的货摊上,竟还摆放着一本《性的知识》,书的后面被老汉用钢笔把“0.32元”改为“0.45元”。黄昏,一个穿红裙子的姑娘匆匆走过我的窗前,她向四周瞥了一眼,丢下一元钱,拿起那本书,就红着脸跑开了。

Near our door was a grocery vendor, who was in his fifties and wore a pair of glasses. One of his glasses legs was broken, so it was tied to his ears with a hemp rope. On those stalls with all kinds of matters, there was Knowledge of Sex, which was surprising. At the back of the book, the old man changed 0.32 yuan to 0.45 yuan with a pen. At dusk, a girl in a red skirt hurried past my window, glanced around, dropped one yuan, picked up the book, and ran away with her face turning red.

她们渴望了解世界,也渴望了解自身!

They are eager to know the world and themselves!

尽管还带着一点羞涩。

Although they are a little shy.

我看到老汉并未打算给姑娘找零钱,而是从屁股下的木箱里又拿出了一本《性的知识》,摆在原处,好像是唯一的一本。

I saw that the old man did not intend to give the girl change, but took out another Knowledge of Sex from the wooden box under his ass and placed it on the original place. It seemed that this was the last one.

文明,又被蒙上了不文明的尘埃。生活中的ー些事情,往往是这样以多种色调出现的。

Civilizations get buried under layers of dust again. Some things in life often appear in various colors.

村庄里的都市

A City in the Village

——金钱观念一瞥

—The Introduction of Their concept of Money

解放上海的时候,在广东同乡会门口的马路上,露天睡着我27军81师24I团 的一个年轻的机枪手,他有一米八的个子,打着绑腿,怀里抱着一挺“歪把子”。早晨醒来,他看到那高大的楼门上挂着一块牌子:“XX股份有限公司”。他好奇地问班长,那是干什么的?班长答不上;问排长,排长也答不上。后来得知,那是资本家集资做买卖......

During the liberation of Shanghai, a young autorifleman from the 241 Regiment of the 81st Division of our 27th Corps fell asleep in the open air on the road at the entrance of Guangdong Townsmen Association. He was 1.8 meters tall, wearing puttees and holding a Type 11 light machine gun in his arms. When he woke up in the morning, he saw a sign hanging on the tall building door: "XX Co., Ltd.". He asked the monitor curiously. The monitor can't answer him and neither can the platoon leader. Later, he learned that it was capitalists who raised funds to do business...

现在这个机枪手已经65岁了,他是孙陶大队“蔚阳农工商联合公司”总经 理——孙陶是烟台地区最早改为“公司”的大队。他毕竟不是当年的机枪手了,牙齿脱落,嘴巴瘪瘪的,有点像画中的“太上老君”,而他的改革的某些方面也带有封 建家长制的色彩。在“农工商联合公司”的牌子旁边,还挂着一块“村政府”的大牌子。他的穿戴也是几个时代混合着:上身着旧蓝布褂,下身穿军裤,脚上却跋拉着 泡沫拖鞋。左右上衣兜甩齐插ー支钢笔,显得不伦不类。窗外则同时传来机耕声和豆腐梆子声。

Now this autorifleman is 65 years old. He is the general manager of Weiyang Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Joint Company of Sun Tao Brigade. Sun Tao was the first brigade to transform to company in Yantai City. After all, he was not the autorifleman of that year. His teeth fell out and his mouth was flat, which made him like the Daode Tianzun in the painting. Some aspects of his reform also had the color of feudal patriarchal system. Next to the sign of "Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Joint Company" was also a big sign of "Village Government". His dressing style was also a mixture of several times: he wore an old blue cloth jacket on the top, military trousers on the bottom, but wore foam slippers with his heels crushing the back of them. It was neither fish nor fowl to put a pen in the left and right upper pockets respectively. Outside the window, there was the sound of tractor ploughing and using wood blocks to sell tofu.

“老李呀,一句话,我抓钱!过去咱总怕钱烧手,现在重点搞经济建设,这个观 念不转不行!我现在四个经理部:农业经理部、エ副业加工经理部、商业经理部、供 销经理部。农业经理部下设机械、饲养、技术队、林业队、二林队、鸡场、菜园子、花 场……エ副业加工部下设木业、石子场、预制件厂、面粉厂、挂面厂、铸造厂、刀具 厂、酿造厂……商业经理部下设中医、缝纫、塑料厂、冷食店、浴池、饭店、商店、糕 点、面包厂、水果、牙科诊所、照相馆……应有尽有,我要把孙陶建成个小城市,小上海。”我赞同地说:“你这里成了村庄里的都市了 !”

"Old Li, in a word, I make money! In the past, we were always afraid that money burns a hole in our pocket, but now we focus on economic development. As a result, we have to change our concept! Now I have four management departments: agricultural management department, sideline processing management department, commercial management department, and supply and marketing management department. Agricultural management department consists of machinery, feeding, technical team, forestry team, chicken farm, vegetable garden, flower farm... The sideline processing department consists of wood industry, gravel field, prefabricated parts factory, flour factory, fine dried noodles factory, foundry, tool factory and brewery... The commercial management department consists of Chinese medicine, sewing, plastic factory, cold food shop, public bath, restaurant, shop, pastry, bread factory, fruit stalls, dental clinic and photo studio... I have everything. I want to transform Sun Tao into a small city like Shanghai." I agreed and said," It has become a city in the village! "

他接下去:“你刚オ去洗澡了,我那个浴池怎么样?比你们济南不差吧!花了9万块!全是瓷砖铺地,从这里到黄县25里,到蓬莱40里,没有浴池!现在两毛五一个票,社员不用到河沟里洗澡了。青年妇女最愿意洗澡了,她们愿干净,过去都在晚上到河里洗一洗。凡来洗澡的人都说这是个好事!”

He went on: "You just went to take a bath. How about my public bath? It's not worse than that in Jinan, right? It costs 90,000 yuan! The rooms are all paved with ceramic tiles. There is no public bath 25 miles from here to Huangxian County and 40 miles to Penglai! Now, with a ticket of 25 cents, members don't have to take a bath in the river ditch. Young women are most willing to take a bath because they want to be clean. They used to take a bath in a river at night. Everyone who comes to take a bath says public bath is a good thing! "

“牙科、照相、水果这些小门面能盈多少利?”

"How much profit can these small stores like dental clinic, photo studio and fruit stalls make?"

“盈利不多,可碎金子也是金子呀!我的包子铺商号叫‘半分利’,它有吸引 力,喝茶水不要钱,都愿来。茶水喝多了,刮肚子,肚子空落落的,就要吃包子,不吃 包子,尿尿也是咱的肥料。别看这个小店,一年纯利润ー万四五千。”

"There is not much profit, but it doesn’t matter! My Baozi shop is called Half Profit, which is attractive. It’s free for drinking tea, so everyone wants to come here. If you drink too much tea, you’ll feel hungry, so you’ll buy our Baozi. Even though you don’t buy it, your urine is also our fertilizer. Don't ignore this small shop, the annual net profit is 14,500 yuan."

老经理好动,坐在沙发上讲着,不时探出身子拍打一下我的脚面:

The old manager was hyperactive, sitting on the sofa, talking, and leaning out from time to time to pat my feet:

“人是钱架的,鳖是水架的。过去是越穷越革命,老鹰拴在鳖脖子上,有能耐也 飞不起来！现在,为了抓钱,我还搞了个’集体入股’。最小十元一股,多者千元一股。农民攒钱怕人,这样入股,提高了集体主义思想,他觉得公司也有他的一份。 我带头入了一万元的股。股金分红按四六。彭真讲'把社会上资金集中起来,长期使用’,做事要有上面精神,打起官司来有说头。’肥水不外流’嘛！我还向你们牟平李德海介绍过这个法儿。”

"Water is to turtles what money is to people. In the past, we were poor but we worked hard to reform, just like the eagle who was tied to the neck of the turtle, could not fly though it was capable! Now, in order to raise fund, I also promote collective ownership. You can buy a stock with 10 yuan at the minimum, or you can buy a stock with over 1,000 yuan. Taking shares in this way improves collectivism for farmers saving money are worried that others will steal their money. They feels that the company also has their shares. I took the lead to become a shareholder by buying stocks with 10,000 yuan. We’ll split the money forty-sixty. Peng Zhen once said, 'Pool the funds in the society and use them for a long time.' We should have the spirit of superiors so that we can find excuses when we start a lawsuit. 'Every miller draws water to his own mill.'! I also introduced this method to Li Dehai, your home folks in Muping."

我说:“这种做法合适吗?”

I said, "Is this appropriate?"

他并不理会我:“上头财政把得那么死,我们自己为什么不能搞活点?反正在这个小村里我说了算。不宾（佩）服?谁的老婆在家干吗我都知道！我宾服李德 海这个人,有经济头脑。前ー阵子传谣言,说李德海被抓起来了,罪名是什么?’强奸妇女’!当时我就不信。”他忽然压低声音,“别说他那么大的家业忙得没有心思,就是有那个心思,像他这样的英雄还用强奸?……”

He didn’t answer this question: "The requirements of finance are so rigid, so why can't we be flexible?" Anyway, I have the final say in this small village. People all admire me! I even know what other’s wife is doing at home! I respect that Li Dehai knows how to make money. A while ago, rumors spread that Li Dehai had been arrested. The crime is sex assault! I didn't believe it at that time." He suddenly lowered his voice," He is too busy in managing his own company. Even if he wants to rape a woman, a person like him needs to do that?..."

对这话,我只能报以苦笑。

To this, I can only laugh bitterly.

神秘的登州商行

A Mysterious Trading Company in Dengzhou

——信息观念及其他

—Information Concept and Other Things

如果有人每年花3万元租金在城里租一层宾馆,你一定会感到不可思议,如果这个人是一个走出磨道的农民,那你更会惊奇不已！

If someone spends 30,000 yuan a year to rent a hotel in the city, you will feel incredible. If this person is a farmer who walks out of the mill, you will be even more surprised!

这是乡下农民进城办的ー个商行。宾馆门口“登州商行”四个钢铁铸的大字, 是花800元从青岛请了著名书法家写的。曾几何时,高晓声笔下的陈奂生在县城的宾馆里闹出了一通又一通的笑话,这个“登州商行”里是否还有陈奂生这样的农民呢?

This is a trading company run by rural farmers coming to cities. The four big characters of "Dengzhou Trading Company" at the entrance of the hotel were written by a famous calligrapher invited from Qingdao by spending 800 yuan. Once upon a time, Chen Huansheng, a character in a work written by Gao Xiaosheng, made a fool of himself again and again in hotels of county towns. Is there a farmer like Chen Huansheng in this trading company?

我在这个商行的总经理室见到的第一个人物是位20岁出头的姑娘,她叫吴鸿岩,圆胖胖的脸,扎两个把把,眉眼中带有农村姑娘的憨厚和灵秀。

The first person I met in the general manager's office of this trading company was a girl in her early twenties. She was Wu Hongyan, with a round chubby face and two braids. From her appearance, I could find the characteristics of a rural girl, simple and smart.

我进门时,她正俯在ー个大书案上从四十多份报刊中检索,把有关商品信息的 部分剪贴起来。有些报刊是我从来没见过的:《上海译报》《上海物资市场》《致富报》《市场周报》《经济预测》《农村金融》《深圳特区报》《湖南经济报》……

When I entered the door, she was leaning over a large desk, searching from more than 40 newspapers and periodicals, and cutting and pasting some information about commodities. Some newspapers and periodicals I have never seen before: Shanghai Translation Newspaper, Shanghai Material Market, Success Newspaper, Market Daily, Economic Forecast, Rural Finance, Shenzhen Special Zone Daily, and Hunan Economic Newspaper...

“你是秘书吗?”我发问。

"Are you the secretary?" I asked.

“没有那么大,是文书。”她赧然一笑。

"No, I’m not a high-ranking member. I’m a clerk." She smiled bashfully.

当知道我是职业创作员时,她竟和我从文学角度探讨起社会问题:“你说现在农民身上有没有阿Q精神?”

When she knew that I was a professional creator, she discussed social problems with me from a literary point of view: "Do you think there is Ah Q spirit in farmers now?"

我一下子回答不上来。

I can't answer it at once.

她认真地说:“我一直在想这个问题。阿Q精神是有的。农民和土地绑在一块儿,受了欺侮也走不出去,就得自己安慰自己。有时候没有阿Q精神就活不 下去。”

She said seriously, "I have been thinking about this question. I think they have Ah Q spirit. Farmers have strong relationships with the land, and they can't go to other places after being bullied, so they have to comfort themselves. Sometimes they can't live without Ah Q spirit."

这话不是在《文艺报》组织的农村题材座谈会上,而是出自一个穷乡僻壤的农村姑娘之口!

This was not at the symposium on rural themes organized by Wen yi bao (Literature and Art Newspaper), but from a rural girl in the backcountry!

她的哥哥吴鸿康走进来了,他是这个商行的副经理,也一起参与“农民政治经济学”的讨论:“农村有些干部很像’土皇帝’!责任制某种意义上就是分散他们的权力,冲破旧的组合!为什么责任制受到群众那么拥护?不值得干部思考吗?我们为什么进城?就是为了摆脱大队给我们的束缚！人挪活,树挪死。我们出来不是为挣钱的,为了干一番事业给他们看看!”

Her older brother Wu Hongkang, deputy manager of this firm, came in and also participated in the discussion of peasant political economy: "Some rural cadres are very similar to local tyrants! In a sense, the responsibility system is to disperse their power and break through old patterns! Why is the responsibility system so supported by the masses? Isn't it worth thinking about by cadres? Why are we in town? Because we want to get rid of the shackles given to us by the brigade! Trees will die when moved, but people will become more alive. We didn't come out to earn money, but to show them our achievements!"

吴鸿岩插话说:“农民进城办商行,免不了带有农民的痕迹。有了成绩容易满足,遇到挫折容易灰心丧气,办事不讲效率,拖拖拉拉。我们总经理对职员要求:农民进城必须去掉农民意识,搞商品流通,散漫不行。现在是信息时代,一些农民的旧习气不改,根本搞不好商品生产和商品流通。光蓬莱,我们这样的商行就有九 家,农民办的就有三家,竞争很厉害,不抓紧能行吗?我们搞正规化,每天五点半起床,跑步;六点钟回来,自学半个小时;七点开饭;七点半上班;中午十一点半下班……晚上九点又和全国各地办事处打电话,互通信息。”

Wu Hongyan interjected: "When farmers go to cities to run a trading company, they will inevitably show the characteristics of farmers. For example, It is easy for them to satisfy with achievements, to be frustrated when encountering setbacks, to be inefficient and procrastinating. Our general manager asked the staff that farmers must get rid of bad habits of farmers when entering the city, because being lax won’t help commodity circulation. Now it is the information age, so commodity production and circulation will not be possible at all, if some farmers' old habits will not be changed. In Penglai alone, there are nine trading companies like ours and three run by farmers. The competition is fierce. Can we do it without working hard? We establish routines for them. They should get up and run at 5:30 every day; Come back at six o'clock and self-study for half an hour; Dinner is served at seven o'clock; Go to work at 7:30; Get off work at 11:30 noon... and call offices all over the country at 9:00 p.m. to exchange information."

神秘的登州商行！

Mysterious Dengzhou Trading Company!

总经理侯日超出场了,夹着黑色皮包,穿着一身笔挺的西服,他40岁出头,方 方的额头,深深的眼窝,尖下巴,眼角有道道血丝,脸上表情淡漠,却隐示着ー种坚 毅。这个农民似乎是从地平线下突然冒出来的,不,确切地说,他是从土地里走出 来的,他大胆地割断了与土地的“脐带”,把承包的16亩责任田,全部转包给别人, 只要转包户每年向他全家每人提供200斤小麦、100斤花生,他用国家牌价购买,而 他和妻子都投身于这个商行的工作。他走出土地,同时也走出了自己的历史。作为ー个农民,他推过车,挑过担子, 整过“大寨田”,当过生产队长,还曾被评选为民兵“学习毛主席著作积极分子”。他好读书,好文娱,好搞创新性的玩意儿。当瓦匠,半年就掌尺,因为老瓦匠们舍不得花钱买工具,而他知道石家庄的泥板是最好的。村里搞剧团,他鼓鼓捣捣,组织起十来个人的小乐队。“文革”开始他又学会扎针,社员有个头痛脑热,不上公社医院,来找他。1983年承包橡胶厂,发了财,三个支部委员和一个大队长,天天去抢账,他一气之下走出了村庄……

Hou Richao, the general manager, wearing a black trim suit, came. He was in his early 40s, with a square forehead, deep eye sockets, pointed chin, bloodshot eyes, and indifferent expression on his face, which showed a kind of perseverance. The farmer seemed to have popped up from below the horizon. No, to be exact, he came out of the land. He boldly cut off the "umbilical cord" with the land and subcontracted all the contracted 16 mu of land to others. As long as the subcontractor provided 200 kg of wheat and 100 kg of peanuts to his whole family every year, he bought them at the national quotation, so he and his wife devoted themselves to the work of this company. He walked out of the land and also out of his own history. As a farmer, he pushed cars, shouldered burdens, learn from Dazhai in agriculture" Campaign, worked as a production captain, and was once selected as an "activist in studying Chairman Mao's works" as a militia. He likes reading, entertainment activities and engaging in innovative things. When he was a bricklayer, he knew how to know the size in half a year, because the old bricklayers were reluctant to spend money on tools, but he knew that the clay tablets in Shijiazhuang were the best. When the village set up a troupe, he organized a small band of about a dozen people. At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, he learned acupuncture. Members who had a headache or fever didn't go to the commune hospital but came to him for help. In 1983, he contracted a rubber factory and made a fortune, so three branch members and a team leader went to take his credit every day. As a result, he left the village in anger...


现在登州商行有四十多个职工,大都是在村里待得压抑的农民。侯日超一跃成为商行经理,下分经理办公室、供销科、总务科、财务科、信息科、工业科,现在分别在大连、沈阳、天津、北京、上海、青岛、哈尔滨等大城市派设有办事处和信息员。

At present, there are more than 40 employees in Dengzhou Trading Company, most of which are depressed farmers in the village. Hou Richao has become the manager of it, and the company is divided into manager's office, supply and marketing department, general affairs department, finance department, information department and industry department. Now he has offices and information officers in Dalian, Shenyang, Tianjin, Beijing, Shanghai, Qingdao, Harbin and other metropolises.

信息观念在他们身上的建立,使我惊叹不已。

I am amazed at their information concept.

“搞商品流通,必须到经济发达的地方去办,经济发达的地方文化也发达,文化 发达的地方,消费也发达,这样才能正确地了解市场。过去是秀才不出门,便知天下事,那是靠读书,现在光靠书本不行了,等书印出来,什么信息也晚了三秋。现在信息手段很多,电话、电报、广播、报纸、电视、联络网、社会交往。生产カ发展的历史,就是交往不断扩大的历史……马克思讲人与人之间的关系,是经济基础的核心,只有有了人与人之间的关系,才能去创造财富。现在我们采用了广泛联系的方针,在经济学上叫'广泛联合’,我们在这里是经营中心,在全国伸出了若干条腿, 借助各地大中心,发挥咱小中心的作用。这叫’经济横向联系’。”他随手撕下ー张 印刷的信息调查报告表,说,“在外的办事员、信息员、供销员定期ー个月寄回两 次。”这表上有物品种类、价格、规格型号、数量、信息编号、市场形势、预测分析,“我们还准备搞密码,考虑到经济信息要保密。我们还聘请了法律顾问、经济顾问、政策顾问。”

"To engage in commodity circulation, we must go to economically developed places, where culture is also developed, and in the places where culture is developed, there is higher consumption level. Therefore, in these places, we can correctly understand the market. In the past, scholars knew what was going on in the world without going out, which depended on reading. Now, reading books alone can't do it. When books are printed, any information will be late. Nowadays, there are many means of information, such as telephone, telegraph, radio, newspaper, television, contact network and social communication. The history of production development is the history of expanding communication... Marx said that the relationship between people is the core of economic foundation, and only with the relationship between people can wealth be created. Now we have adopted the policy of extensive ties, or extensive alliance in economics. We are the business center here, stretching out a number of legs throughout the country, and playing the role of our small centers with the help of big centers in various places. This is called lateral economic ties." He tore off a printed information investigation report and said, "The clerks, information officers and supply and marketing staff who are outside regularly send it back twice a month." This form contained the type, price, specification, quantity, information number, market situation and forecast analysis of goods. "Considering that economic information should be kept confidential, we are also going to study cryptography. We have also hired legal advisers, economic advisers and policy advisers."

在我面前的,绝不是“闰土”和“陈奂生”了 !

In front of me, it was by no means Run Tu and Chen Huansheng (they are two characters in novels)!

我顺手抓起一份信息剪报,在“山东莱芜羊里公社,可收获优质大蒜4万斤寻求销路”这一段文字下面有红笔标示。

I grabbed an information clipping conveniently, and there was a red pen mark under the paragraph "In Yangli Commune, Laiwu, Shandong Province, you can harvest 40,000 jin of high-quality garlic, which are waiting to be sold".

“你们准备买大蒜吗?”我问。

"Are you going to buy garlic?" I asked.

“香港八汇有限公司找我们订了 300吨,照国家外贸价。”

"Hong Kong Bahui Co., Ltd. ordered 300 tons of garlic from us and will pay us at the national foreign trade price."

“他们去莱芜联系过了吗?”

"Have they gone to Laiwu to ask this thing?"

“没有。大蒜价格还要落,现在去联系价格不好商量。”

"No. The price of garlic is still falling. It is not easy to determine the price now."

“你何以预测出大蒜要落价?”

"How did you predict that garlic would fall in price?"

“第一个信息,今年蒜薰多,蒜薰丰收,大蒜也必然丰收。现在买是我们求他,将来买是他来求我!”

"The first information is that this year's garlic scapes are abundant, so garlic will be abundant. If we buy it now, we will be at a disadvantage, but if we buy it in the future, they will be at a disadvantage! "

其机敏可见一斑。

His cleverness can be seen.

“我们搞的代购代销,是商品流通的一种形式,是市场调节的手段。现在我们 也考虑办工厂,先上纸箱厂、饮料厂、瓷雕厂、裘装厂——这个是和外商合办的。还 准备买专利……等到1985年可以打个漂亮仗,纯收入拿500万,向国家提供600 万元税收。蓬莱缺大旅馆,外国人来了还要回烟台去住。我们准备盖个十三层的高级旅馆,要有占地100亩的高尔夫球场,将来蓬莱以它特有的条件一蓬莱阁成 为烟台的贸易中心,吸引外商。他不了解你这些人,怎么投资?”

"Purchasing overseas products for others and consignment are forms of commodity circulation and a means of market regulation. Now we are also considering the establishment of factories, including carton factory, beverage factory, porcelain carving factory and fur factory. The fur factory is jointly organized with foreign businessmen. I'm also going to buy patents... By 1985, I can make great achievements, with a net income of 5 million yuan and a tax of 6 million yuan to the country. Penglai has no big hotels, so foreigners have to go back to Yantai to live when they come. Therefore, we are going to build a high-class hotel with 13 floors and a golf course covering an area of 100 mu. In the future, Penglai will become the trade center of Yantai with its unique building—Penglai Pavilion, attracting foreign businessmen. If they don't know you people, how can they invest money? "

他回身用拇指指指墙上的彩色挂历,那是一幅夏威夷海滩浴场的照片:“你看 这夏威夷海滨,我们蓬莱为什么不能搞成这样?”

He turned around and pointed to the colorful calendar, a photo of Hawaii a seaside resort, on the wall with his thumb: "Look at it. Why can't Penglai be like this?"

他的笑容中或有当年“乐队队长”的率直和快乐。

His smile may have the frankness and happiness of the band leader of that year.

“中国的革命,在某种意义上说是农民的革命,可是农民还没有得到应有的利 益。三中全会解决了这个问题,现在政策允许你的思维发展。过去在农村是智力 高的伺候智力低的。古话说:出头椽子先烂,烂也是ー辈子。不要珍惜你的生命, 一千岁又怎么样?要珍惜社会贡献……有人说我们吹牛X。随他!过去说吹牛X不纳税,现在吹牛X得纳税,不信试试!”

"China's revolution is the farmers’ revolution in a sense, but they have not yet got the benefits they deserve. The Third Plenary Session solved this problem, and now the policy allows you to think out of the box. In the past, people in the countryside with high intelligence served people with low intelligence. As the old saying goes, "If you stick your head out, you may be at a lifetime risk." Don't cherish your life. Who cares if you can live a very long time? We should cherish our social contributions... Some people say we are full of hot air. Who cares! In the past, it was said that bragging did not pay taxes, but now bragging has to pay taxes. If you don't believe it, just try it!"

第四章在历史的接合部上

Chapter 4 At the Junction of History

是的,无数个瞬间,组成了人类历史的长河。

Yes, countless moments constitute the long river of human history.

历史学家在研究历史的时候,没有忽视“瞬间”这个历史的“微粒”。战争的决胜,国家的兴衰,在某个瞬间所引起的质变:项羽鸿门宴却步于樊哙之勇,司马懿一念败退于诸葛亮的空城计,希特勒对盟军诺曼底登陆之失算……历史往往在某个瞬间悄悄地开始了一个时代。国家、民族的命运是这样,个人的命运也是这样。但历史毕竟是个记忆衰退的老人,它向后人叙述的,大都是些概念,而文学,却需要到光阴之河里去捕捞无数充满感情色彩的细节,组成它的艺术生命。趁历史还没有走远,我们还来得及去回首看一看那打着时代变革印记的无数个瞬间。

When historians study history, they do not ignore the moments, which constitute the long river of human history. The decisive victory of a war, the rise and fall of a country, and the qualitative changes caused by a certain moment can be seen in history. Xiang Yu's Feast at Swan Goose Gate was discouraged from Fan Kuai's courage. Sima Yi failed because of Zhuge Liang's Empty Fort Strategy. Hitler made mistakes about his allied forces’ Normandy landings... History often quietly started an era at a certain moment. This is the fate of a country and a nation, and so is the fate of an individual. However, history is an old man with declining memory, and most of what he narrates to future generations are concepts. But if we want to know literature, we need to go to the river of time to salvage countless emotional details to form its artistic life. While history has not gone far, we still have time to look back and see the countless moments marked by the changes of the times.

那一瞬间,他们像没娘的孩子

At That Moment, They Were Like Motherless Children

——困惑篇

—Confusion

“辛辛苦苦30年,一夜回到解放前！呜呜呜……”

"After 30 years of hard work, The situation is changed into that before liberation overnight! Boohoo..."

烟台地区责任制的巨大闸门终于被撬动起来之时,在栖霞县ー个山沟的野夼大队办公室里,7个党支部委员对着毛主席的画像伤心地哭了起来。

When the huge gate of the responsibility system in Yantai area was finally opened, seven Party branch members in the Yekuang brigade office of a ravine in Qixia County cried sadly at the portrait of Chairman Mao.

他们平均55岁,7个人中有6个当过八路军、3个二等残疾军人一个个是共 产党的忠诚战士。这里是革命老区,许世友司令员曾住在附近的东下布。他们给子弟兵缝过军装,养过伤员……是社会主义救了这个旧社会有名的“叫花子布”，今天有了果园,有了水库,有了马车,有了柴油机和拖拉机……

They were 55 years old on average. Six of the seven have worked in the Eighth Route Army, and three were second-class disabled soldiers. All of them were loyal fighters of the Communist Party. This was an old revolutionary base area, and Commander Xu Shiyou once lived in Dongxiabu nearby. They sewed military uniforms for their soldiers and raised the wounded... It was socialism that saved the famous backcountry in the old society. Today, there are orchards, reservoirs, carriages, diesel engines and tractors...

这些家业,都是他们听毛主席的话带领群众创出来的。今天毛主席订的某些章程要更改了,是在他老人家已经不在了的时候……

These possessions were created by them who led masses and followed Chairman Mao. Today, some constitutions made by Chairman Mao have to be changed when he has gone...

“呜呜呜……”老年人的哭声是悲怆的。

"Boohoo..." They wailed.

那一瞬间,他痛苦地否定了自己

At That Moment, He Painfully Denied Himself

——省悟篇

—Enlightenment

这是个倔老头儿!

This is a stubborn old man!

他很少服输。“文化大革命”中一连斗了他33次,在黄县,造反派都说他磨山 迟家是“小台湾”,而他迟本达,就是顽固不化的“蒋光头”。在批斗大会上,“造反派”踢他一脚,他当即回敬一拳,硬是把“造反派”给打散了。后来,他磨山迟家成了“红色革命根据地”,县里的老干部,干社会主义的“铁柱子”,每天有几百人在这里吃饭。现在他大小机械100多台,汽车3辆,拖拉机6台,果园!000亩,还搞不过你的“大包干”?他有空就悄悄往邻队地里一蹲,不是去学习,而是挑刺儿。

He seldom admitted defeat. During the Cultural Revolution, he experienced struggle sessions 33 times in a row. In Huang County, the rebels said that residents in the Moshanchijia village was Taiwanese, and he Chi Benda was the stubborn Chiang Kai-Shek. During the struggle session, when the rebels kicked him, he immediately responded with a punch, which dealt a blow to them. Later, this village became a revolutionary base; the Chi family became veteran cadre in the county and the backbone of socialism. Hundreds of people eat there every day. Now he has more than 100 machines, large and small, 3 cars, 6 tractors and 1000 mu of orchards. Isn’t it better than the household responsibility system? When he was free, he quietly appeared in the neighboring team, not to study, but to find fault.

和共和国同龄的县委书记杜世成,苦口婆心来劝说:“还是搞责任制好,700户社员,就有700个’队长’,专业化、社会化是今后的方向。”

Du Shicheng, secretary of the county party committee, was born in 1949, when the People’s Republic of China was found. He did his best to convince Chi and said: "It is better to engage in the household responsibility system. There are 700 captains for 700 households. Specialization and socialization are the future direction."

老头儿不服劲儿,又不得不做出样子,把大锅饭改成“中锅饭”,ー个大队分成 两个,12个生产队分成了 24个生产组,中央不是说“多种形式”吗?

The old man disagreed with him, but had to pretend to comply with his instructions, so he changed food prepared in a large canteen into food prepared in a medium-sized canteen. Besides, one brigade was divided into two, and 12 production teams were divided into 24 production groups. After all, the central government said they could introduce various forms.

年底公社列表张榜,挂到会议室正面墙上,迟本达不敢过去正视,因为磨山迟家这个一向当“领头雁”的,一下子变成了尾巴梢子,简直令人不敢相信,却又是千真万确的事实!

At the end of the year, the commune list was posted and hung on the front wall of the conference room. Chi Benda did not dare to face it up, because Chi's family, who has always taken the lead, suddenly performed bad, which was unbelievable, but was also real!

那一瞬间,老头子垂下了白花花的脑袋,却装着用手去搔头……

At that moment, the old man hung down his head with gray hair, but he pretended to scratch his head with his hands...

那一瞬间,他失明的双目透进了阳光

At That Moment, His Blind Eyes Feel Sunshine

——信仰篇

—Faith

掖县是烟台地区的“西南大门”,紧挨着责任制搞得较早的昌潍地区。当初有的领导同志曾提出:“掖县要挡住西南风!”

Ye County is the southwest gate of Yantai City, and it is next to Changwei area where the household responsibility system was established earlier. At the beginning, some leading comrades once said: "Ye County should block the southwest wind!"

一个双目失明的瘦小老人点着一根七尺长的竹竿走出来了,他是掖县过西乡徐家大队的当家人徐斌。这个双目失明的人当了30多年支部书记,他用一根竹竿探路,带着全村600多户人家,两千多口子人,从昨天走到今天。

A skinny old man who was blind came out with a seven-chi bamboo pole. He was Xu Bin, the head of Xu family brigade in Guoxi Township, Ye County. This blind man has been a branch secretary for more than 30 years. He used a bamboo pole to explore the way and took more than 600 households and more than 2,000 people in the village from the past to the present.

一切都是摸索过来的。这或许反映了中国农民在特殊条件下的历史进程!

He explored everything, which may reflect the historical process of Chinese farmers under special conditions!

他是怎样把徐家大队领成一个“先进”啊一竹竿上刻着尺寸,翻过的地,他 要逐块去量一量,看是否够深度。社员剜谷苗,他要去摸一摸稀疏。到后来,有的社员锄地光锄地头,糊弄他这个瞎汉,他检查生产,不得不点着ー根竹竿,向青纱帐深处走去。过去,这一些被当作先进事迹,在各种会议上介绍,那其实是ー种多么深刻的悲剧,一种多么令人痛心的象征! !

How did he lead the Xu family brigade into an advanced brigade? A bamboo pole was engraved with dimensions, so he had to measure the land one by one to see if it was deep enough. When members cut the grain seedlings, he was going to feel whether they were sparse. Later, some members only hoed in edge of a field to fool him because he was blind. Therefore, when he checked production, he had to walk with his bamboo pole to the depths of green fields. In the past, these were regarded as advanced deeds and introduced at various conferences. What a profound tragedy and a sad symbol!!

他率先实行了生产责任制。用竹竿捅破那长期以来形成的不符合实际情况的固有观念!

He took the lead in implementing the production responsibility system, so he eliminated the inherent concept that has taken root for a long time and did not conform to the actual situation with his bamboo pole!

他率先发展了商品生产,办起了糖厂、面粉加工厂、冰库（这是我见到的第一座 农民冰库）、修配厂……

He spearheaded the commodity production, like a sugar factory, a flour processing factory, an icehouse (this was the first farmer icehouse I have seen) and a repair factory...

他不能看电影,却在全公社修起了第一座带座位的农民影院;他不能看书,却 办起了有数千册藏书的图书馆;他没有孩子在身边,却修起了连联合国的考察团也为之咋舌的幼儿园。

He was unable to watch movies, but he built the first farmer cinema with seats in the whole commune. He was unable to read books, but he has set up a library with thousands of books. He had no children around, but he has built a kindergarten that even amazed the United Nations delegation.

他看不见色彩,却在创造着彩色的生活！

He can't see color, but he was creating a colorful life!

王济夫带着《烟台日报》的总编辑刘鹏雁来到这里,激动不已,对总编辑说: “掖县有了领头人,发个头条!”

When Wang Jifu came here with Liu Pengyan, editor-in-chief of Yantai Daily, he was excited and said to the editor-in-chief: "Ye County has a leader, so let’s make him hit the headlines!"

理解,你是阳光,把心灵的阴影驱散。

Understanding is sunshine, dispelling the shadow of a soul.

徐斌像保存家珍似的把这份剪报贴在一个本子上。

Xu Bin pasted this newspaper clipping on a notebook like keeping a family treasure.

“还有磁带,是中央电台录制的,我拿给你听听。”他瞎瞎摸摸,挪动着瘦瘦的身躯,哼着小调,把磁带装到录音机里,按动开关,于是,关于他生命的信息,从女广播员那脆亮而充满感情的播音中传达出来:

"There is also a tape, which was recorded by the central radio station. I will show it to you." He fumbled, moved his thin body, hummed a tune, loaded the tape into the tape recorder, and turned it on. So the message about his life was conveyed from the crisp and emotional voice of a female announcer:

“《当你回首往事的时候》……”

"When you look back..."

我坐在他的侧面,看到他仍然沉浸在广播员那动情的朗诵之中。我看到了黑镜片后面那畸形的深陷的眼窝,像两个喷发过岩浆的火山口,他的嘴在微微翕动着。仅存无几的睫毛上沾着水汽,红红的眼窝噙满了泪水,那心灵的潮汛终于汇集成一股水流,向下淌去……

I sat on his side and saw that he was still immersed in the emotional recitation of the announcer. I saw behind the black glasses the deformed, sunken eye sockets, like two craters of lava, and his mouth moved slightly. His eyelashes that had not been much left were covered by a layer of saturated vapour of water, and the red eye sockets were full of tears. Finally, his tears, the vent to his soul, fell down...

我上车时,他伸出瘦瘦的手来向前摸索着,我知道他是在寻找我,要和我握别。

When I got into the car, he stretched out his thin hand and groped forward. I knew he was looking for me because he wanted to shake my hands at parting.

我握着他的手,久久不愿松开。

I held his hands and refused to let go for a long time.

在这一瞬间我想到:痛苦在于我们这些不失明的人,让一个失明的战士为我们探路！

At this moment, I thought that the pain lies in us who were not blind, because we let a blind soldier explore the way for us!

他是在用心看着道路。

He looked at the way with his heart, not his eyes.

那一瞬间,他求告无望,横下一条心

At That Moment, He Failed to Receive Help, So He Determined to Do Something

——励志篇

—An Inspirational Story

笑容,你来得是那么容易的吗?

Smile, is it so easy for you to come?

谭绪佑离开“大锅饭”时也感到过无所适从,过去的一切都是队上的“父母官”包揽,现在,他这瘦巴巴、一头卷发的汉子要自己去闯生活之路。

Tan Xuyou felt at a loss when he no longer ate food prepared in a large canteen. In the past, everything was taken care of by members on the production team. Now, he, a thin man with curly hair, has to go his own way of life.

到淄博去,嫂表弟建议他上个小作坊,生产“浮球式比重仪”,那是一家研究所设计的新产品。谭绪佑壮着胆子接回来试制,二十天后带着五只样品去了,研究所一鉴定,竟然惊奇不已:“这是你们搞的吗?国营厂三个月拿出来算快的!”

When he went to Zibo, his cousin suggested that he go to a small workshop to produce floating ball hydrometer, which was a new product designed by a research institute. Tan Xuyou got the courage to have a trial production. After 20 days, he went with five samples. The institute identified them and was surprised: "Did you do this? It is fast for the state-owned factory to make them in three months!"

“武宁电器厂”的牌子在这个偏远的滨海村庄挂起来了,赞同的目光,惊讶的目光,疑问的目光,嫉妒的目光都投向这个白漆黑字的木牌牌。

The sign of "Wuning Electric Appliance Factory" was hung up in this remote coastal village. People looked at this wooden plaque white and black with admiration, surprise, suspicion or jealousy.

一个夜晚,木牌牌不翼而飞。

One night, the plaque disappeared.

扛走木牌的人显然不是因为缺柴烧。

It was obvious that those who carried away it were not short of firewood.

木牌不值多少钱,可那是门面啊,打人还不打脸呢。

Wooden plaque was not worth much money, but it represented the owner’s dignity. For example, if you hit others, you wouldn’t punch their face.

谭绪佑去报告“父母官”,路上看到大队仓库的后窗被人撬了,他怀着对集体的感情,一并做了报告。

Tan Xuyou went to report to the members on the production team. On the way, he saw that the rear window of the team warehouse had been pried. He cared for the team, so he also reported it.

当天下午,队上的仓库后窗就派人钉上了,谭绪佑却在家等,等,等……

In the afternoon, the rear window of the warehouse on the team was nailed, but Tan Xuyou waited at home for a long time...

谭绪佑猛然省悟到什么,跺跺脚,自己做了一个沉甸甸的大铁牌子,焊上挂柱, 垒进墙里去了。

Something suddenly dawned on Tan Xuyou, so he stamped his feet, made a heavy big iron sign, and welded the hanging column to build it into the wall.

那一瞬间,他怒发冲冠,破门而出

At That Moment, He Burst Out of the Door in A Rage

——求索篇

—Seeking

是铁,就要经受锤炼。

If it is iron, it must be tempered.

有人向黄县平里院大队书记战学忠介绍,平陵县有一套设备,能使粉渣酿出酒来。

Someone introduced to Zhan Xuezhong, secretary of Pingliyuan Brigade in Huang County, that Ping Ling County has a set of equipment, which can make wine from powder residue.

年轻的书记被这桩便宜买卖迷住了,花五万元钱把这套设备买了下来,由那边派师傅帮助安装。

The young secretary was fascinated by this cheap deal, so he spent 50,000 yuan to buy it and an employee there would help install it.

一天、两天、三天……

One day, two days, three days…

一个月、两个月、三个月

One month, two months, three months...

社员们眼巴巴地望着,等着出酒哩。

The members watched eagerly, waiting for the wine to come out.

可是酒总出不来。

But the wine never came out.

战学忠打电报叫对方厂长来,杳无讯息。

Zhan Xuezhong called the factory director, but there was no message.

那天早上,忽然有人告诉战学忠:那两位“人质”跑了。

That morning, someone suddenly told Zhan Xuezhong that the two "hostages" had run away.

战学忠赶去ー看,果然人走屋空,留在酒厂的设备,成了一堆废铁!

Zhan Xuezhong rushed to see it. Sure enough, people left the house empty, and the equipment left in the winery became a pile of scrap metal!

那一瞬间,战学忠血冲脑门,狠狠擂动着门板,他意识到被骗了。牵线人和平陵厂方合谋,把ー套毫无价值的设备坑给了他们。

At that moment, Zhan Xuezhong was in a rage and severely beat the door panel when he realized that he had been cheated. The matchmaker conspired with the Pingling factory and gave them a set of worthless equipment.

5万元哪,平里院的父老姊妹口挪肚省的血汗钱哪!

50,000 yuan, the hard-earned money saved by the young and old in Pingliyuan!

战学忠带着合同到县经济法庭控告,花15元钱打印了一份诉状,直奔平陵县。

Zhan Xuezhong took the contract to the county economic court, spent 15 yuan money to print a complaint, and went straight to Pingling County.

平陵县的法庭庭长回家收责任田的小麦去了。

The court president of it went home to collect wheat from the field he was responsible for.

战学忠在旅馆等了七天,后来终于见到了法庭庭长,庭长说:“办成办不成,先交2500元的手续费,相当你损失的百分之五。”

Zhan Xuezhong waited in the hotel for seven days, and finally met the president of the court. The president said, "Whether it is successful or not, you should pay a handling fee of 2,500 yuan first, which is equivalent to 5% of your loss."

他已几乎囊空如洗!

He was almost broke!

战学忠直接找到了工厂里,厂里的人告诉他,厂长换了,不能办!

Zhan Xuezhong directly went to the factory, and the employees in the factory told him that the factory director had been changed, so they could not help him!

痛苦,已经超出了经济的范畴。

The pain was not only derived from the lack of money.

那个“一瞬间”成了一服明目的良药,使这个1978年オ认识火车的“乡巴佬”学会了商品生产的市场调查、信誉调查。

That moment became a motivation for this hillbilly who knew the train to learn the market research and credit investigation of commodity production.

北京王府井商场一块“电动剃须刀无货”的牌子,使他跑遍了南京、杭州、无锡、上海,亲自写出了一份三万言的电动剃须刀商品调查报告,接着把落满伤心泪的烧酒车间改成了电器车间,前后不到8个月。第一批电动剃须刀组装起来,拿到县里去鉴定,那些长着大胡子的局长、科长还不识其为何物！

Seeing a sign of "Electric shavers are out of stock" in Wangfujing Shopping Mall in Beijing, he travelled all over Nanjing, Hangzhou, Wuxi and Shanghai, personally wrote a 30,000-word survey report on electric shavers, and then transformed the shochu workshop full of his sad memories into an electrical appliance workshop, which was less than 8 months before and after. When the first batch of electric shavers were assembled and taken to the county for identification, those bearded directors and section chiefs still didn't know what they were!

平里院电器总厂的大牌子就这样堂而皇之地挂起来了。年产10万只,畅销11个省市,年获利润12万元。

In this way, the big plaque of Pingliyuan Electric Appliance General Factory was hung up in public. The annual output was 100,000 in 11 provinces and cities, with an annual profit of 120,000 yuan.

战学忠,这个曾受过骗的农民企业家两眼闪动着智慧之光,一边和我吃着自制的牛奶冰棍,一边给我讲着“企业经”和“做人经”。

Zhan Xuezhong, a farmer entrepreneur who has been deceived, had his eyes flashing with wisdom. While eating homemade milk popsicles with me, he told me how to run a successful enterprise and how to be a decent person.

“我们乡镇企业是’游击队’,打一枪换一个地方。国营办一个厂子,光厂房连 批带盖得一两年,咱有间房子先干起来,等你厂房盖起来,咱产品又更新了。乡镇 企业,必须看市场什么最活,最快……市场变化一天一个样,甚至一个钟头一个样。 商品的竞争,是技术的竞争,信息的竞争,也是时间的竞争,有技术不用,转眼成了旧技术,一切都在更新换代。我们队办工业现在是由密集型到分散型——好多工序在社员家里……”

"Our township enterprises are guerrillas, and they change a place after they fire a bullet. Approving and building a state-owned factory should take one or two years. When we have a house, we can work first, because when your factory is built, our products will be updated again. Township enterprises must know what is the most active and fastest in the market... The market changes every day, even every hour. Commodity competition is the competition of technology. The competition of information is also the competition of time. If there is technology that you don’t use, it will become old technology in an instant, because everything will be updated. Our brigade's business is now intensive and decentralized, which means many procedures are finished in the members' homes..."

“咱平里院人是有志气的。县里调我我不去,不是干不了,也不是因为待遇,我舍不得这么多好群众。在我有生之年,一定要给他们闯出一条路来,让贫穷、愚昧的状况一去不复返,让那些为革命献出血和汗的群众不再寒心。现在大队二十六户烈属,每年补他们每户2000元。现在平里院再不是让人瞧不起的时候了。”

"We Pingliyuan people are ambitious. It's not that I can't do it or because of the treatment when the county promoted me. I don’t want to start the new chapter of my life without so many good people. In my lifetime, I must find a way for them so that they can be free from poverty and ignorance forever, and let those people who shed blood and sweat for the revolution stop disappointed. Now the brigade’s twenty-six households whose families are martyrs will be compensated 2000 yuan per household every year. Now Pingliyuan has passed the time when it was looked down upon."

第五章属于自己的日子

Chapter 5 My Own Days

1984年初夏,中南海紫光阁毗邻的ー间办公室里,我和人民文学杂志社的周 明同志、王南宁同志,以及女作家张洁,坐在一位长者的对面,听他谈农村体制改革 的有关问题。他讲话的时候,用手拨动着写字台上的一个玲珑的地球仪:

In the early summer of 1984, in an office adjacent to Ziguangge Purple Chamber, Zhongnanhai, Comrade Zhou Ming, Wang Nanning of People's Literature, Zhang Jie, a female writer, and I sat opposite an elder and listened to him talking about the rural system reform. As he spoke, he rotated an exquisite globe on the desk with his hand:

“如果说中国的农业改革出现了奇迹,它的秘密在什么地方?我认为在’家庭’两个字。这是逼出来的。现在我们千万不能把家庭经营的基础搞掉。从农业上来说,在发达国家,大量存在的是家庭农场。加拿大家庭农场占百分之九十以上,在美国,取得效益最大的也是家庭农场。社会的发展,还受家庭发展的制约。中国的基本国情是家庭这个细胞根深蒂固。几个家庭结合在一起,就不如一个家庭发展快……

"If there is a miracle in China's agricultural reform, where is its secret? I think it lies in the word family. Because there is no choice. Now we must not get rid of the foundation of family management. In terms of agriculture, there are a large number of family farms in developed countries. Canadian family farms account for more than 90%, and in the United States, family farms have achieved the greatest benefits. The development of society is also restricted by family development. The basic national condition of China is that the family is deeply rooted. If several families are combined, they will not develop as fast as one family...

“中国农村的自然半自然、自给半自给的传统经营方式,将要被摧毁。一个巨大的、繁荣的中国农村市场将要在世界上出现!

"The natural, semi-natural, self-sufficient and semi-self-sufficient traditional business model in China's rural areas will be destroyed. A huge and prosperous Chinese rural market will appear in the world!"

“太平洋经济时代将要到来!世界的经济重心将从欧洲移到亚洲。在中国将要出现一条黄金海岸……”

"The Pacific economic era is coming! The economic center of gravity of the world will shift from Europe to Asia. There will be a gold coast in China..."

他又转动了一下地球仪,世界在迅速地旋转着。

He rotated the globe again, and the world was spinning rapidly.

我踏着旋转的地球,从紫光阁下走进了胶东的一座座农屋……

Stepping on the rotating earth, I walked into the farmhouses in Jiaodong from under Ziguangge...

兄弟们

Brothers

——关于性文化

—Sexual Culture

国外一位学者说过,只有当一个男人和一个女人结合在一起的时候才是一个完整的人,这也许就是某些长期过独身生活的人为什么在个性上存有某种怪癖的原因。

A foreign scholar said that only when a man and a woman are together, they become complete people, which may be the reason why some people who have lived celibacy for a long time have some quirks in personality.

我见到已经40岁的满玉贵时,他刚从滑石坑里爬上来。这个滑石专业户身上沾着白色的滑石粉,坐在那里,没有笑容,没有表情,没有言语,只是闷头抽着烟——他已被生活的雕刀雕刻成一个早衰的“滑石人”！

When I met Man Yugui, who was 40 years old, he had just climbed up from the talc pit. This talc specialist is stained with white talc powder, sitting there, without smile, expression or words, just smoking a cigarette—he has been carved into an early aging "talc man" by the carving knife of life!

满家是有名的“光棍堂”,兄弟三个,加一个老父亲。三间草屋住着四个光棍, 没有空间容纳异性。

The Man family were famous bachelors, with three brothers and an old father. There were four bachelors living in three huts without room for the opposite sex.

大队干部像在为一块化石做讲解:“……咱村守着滑石山,过去不让开,后来王 济夫书记在喇叭里号召大伙儿勤劳致富,弟兄三个去年干了一年,成了万元户……是不是玉贵?”

The cadres of the brigade seemed to be explaining for a fossil: "... Our village guards the talc mountain and prohibited others from mining. Later, Secretary Wang Jifu called on everyone to work hard and get rich in the horn. The three brothers worked for a year last year and became the household with 10,000 yuan... Right, Yugui? "

满玉贵抬起头来,不正眼看人,“嗯”了一声,又闷下头去。

Man Yugui looked up, didn't look at people. "Yes", and he lowered his head again.

“去年盖了四间新瓦房,老六说上了媳妇。先弟弟,后哥哥……是不是玉贵?”

"Last year, four new tile houses were built, and the sixth child of your family got married. The First one who got married was your little brother, then your older brother... Right, Yugui?"

这话半带戏谑,满玉贵脖子转了转,没有吱声。

This was kind of banter, so Man Yugui turned around without making a reply.

满玉贵也曾有过美好的青春年华,身上充满了生命的汁水。可是,当他进入 “青春发育期”的同时,也进入了“饥寒交迫期”。那一年,老五得了“老虎卡”死在医院里,交不上住院费,医院不让往回拉尸首,一家人四处求借,又把一口半大猪卖掉,才把小尸首拉回来。没几天老三得了同样的病,医院干脆拒之门外,活活死在家里了。

Man Yugui once had the best years, and his body was full of the juice of life. However, when he entered the puberty period, he also entered the "hunger and cold period". That year, Lao Wu infected leprosy and died in the hospital. They couldn't pay the hospitalization fee, so the hospital wouldn't let them pull the corpse back. The family asked for loans everywhere, and sold a pig neither too big nor too little so that they could pull the corpse back. A few days later, the third child got the same disease, so the hospital simply turned away and the child died at home.

从那,900元的债务一直压得四条汉子直不起腰来。

Since then, the debt of 900 yuan put pressure on the four men.

一位心理学家说,青年期的本能发动是青年人格再造的契机。面前端坐不动的满玉贵,不正是由于两种饥饿、两种压抑造成的性格的变形吗?

A psychologist said that the instinct of youth is an opportunity for young people to rebuild their personality. For Man Yugui, who sat still, was it not because of the deformation of character caused by two kinds of hunger and two kinds of depression?

“你们都帮帮他的忙啊!”我对众人说。

"You all help him!" I said to everyone.

有人插话:“前天邻村一个治保主任坐拖拉机摔死了,撇下媳妇和两个孩子。”

Someone interjected: "The day before yesterday, a security director in a neighboring village fell to his death on a tractor, leaving his wife and two children."

我说:“抓紧给办!”

I said, "Hurry up and fix them up!"

一个笑容在满玉贵脸上闪过,充满羞涩,也充满向往,像乌云遮蔽的天空忽然显出的一道霞光,把一个秘密也透露出来——前些年由于物质生活的匮乏,这个老光棍已经断了娶亲的念头,现在的致富之路又唤起了他的阳刚萌动,“死灰复燃”。不久前,县里开专业户代表大会,满玉贵特意去做了一身料子服,他要像个人样地走在女同胞面前！

He flashed a smile, full of shyness and yearning, like a sudden glow in the sky covered by dark clouds, revealing a secret. A few years ago, due to the lack of material life, this old bachelor had given up getting married, but now his wealth aroused his masculinity. Not long ago, the county held a specialist congress, and Man Yugui specially tailored a woollen cloth to his needs. He wanted to walk in front of women in dignity!

今天的性文化尚受着经济的制约。当我们清算“左”的路线对中国农村造成 的挫伤时,很少把性——这一具有人类意义的事情考虑在内！

Today's sex culture is still restricted by economy. When we think of the influence caused by the left-wing politics to rural China, we seldom take sex, which is of human significance, into account!

“你要去坑里看看吗?就早一些……”满玉贵面孔对着我,眼睛却不看我。

"Do you want to go to the pit to have a look? Just earlier..." Man Yugui faced me, but he didn't look at me.

我随他下到了深深的滑石坑里,那里面又潮湿又黑暗,有些地方要趴下身子才能过得去。

I followed him down into the deep talc pit, which was damp and dark, and there were places where I had to lie down to get by.

他每天就下到这里面,跪在地上,用镐头一下下刨掘着,然后用辘伊绞上去。那是对自己命运的刨掘,对失去年华的刨掘,他要从那里面寻找出失落的希望吗?

He goes down here every day, kneels on the ground, digs down with a pick, and then use manual crane to send talc up. Is that the digging of his own destiny, the digging of the lost years? And dose he want to find out the lost hope from it?

回到满玉贵家来,76岁的老父亲气喘吁吁地对我说:“早年给玉贵提亲的也有,一打听,弟兄多,不干;这几年有提的,问有房吗? 一听还没盖,又不干。哥哥没有,弟弟也不找,两个都误下了……这眼下钱不愁了,俺打算再盖他八间房,给老大和老二娶上媳妇,俺也就没心事啦。”

When I returned to Man Yugui's home, his 76-year-old father panted and said to me: "There were also people who proposed marriage to Yugui in the early years. After they inquired, they found there were many brothers so they gave up. In recent years, some people also proposed marriage. After they knew we didn’t have a house, they gave up. The older brother didn’t find a wife, so the younger brother also didn’t do that. Both of them missed good timing... Now we are free from worries of money, so I plan to build many houses for them to marry a daughter-in-law. After that, I have nothing on my mind."

对面是老六的新房。那是沙漠里的一片绿洲,那是一座不会幻灭的“海市蜃楼”！

Opposite was the sixth child's new house. It was an oasis in the desert, a mirage that will not be disillusioned!

新房是一个诱人的红火的世界。顶棚上裱着粉红色的花纸,坑上放着火红花被。屋子里到处都是“花”:花瓶里插着的,镜子上挂着的,塑料花盆里“开”着的, 还有缝纫机上蒙着的……玻璃板下压着小夫妻到大连旅游结婚留下的合影。有一幅是在圆明园“创造世界”的石碑下照的。新房充满了温馨的气息。

The new house was an attractive red world. The ceiling was plastered with pink flower paper, and red flower quilts were placed on the heatable brick bed. There were "flowers" everywhere in the house: those put in vases, those hanging on mirrors, those blooming in plastic flowerpots, and those covered on sewing machines... Under the glass plate were photos of this young couple traveling to Dalian for marriage. One was taken under the stone tablet of Creating the World in Yuanmingyuan. The new house was full of warmth.

新媳妇从山上回来了,她粗壮,健康,圆圆的脸盘,双眼皮,长得很喜相,而且, 她的腹部已经微微隆起……

The new daughter-in-law came back from the mountain. She was thick and healthy, with a round and endearing face and double eyelids. Her belly had slightly bulged...

她走进了这个家庭,不但实现了一个“人”的个性的和谐与完美,也给这个濒于破灭的家庭带来了生气和活力。

When she entered this family, she not only realized the harmony and perfection of a human personality, but also brought vitality to this shattered family.

新媳妇在炕前叠着从院里收回的一堆衣服,不时用目光瞟一下陌生的客人。

She was folding a pile of clothes got from the courtyard in front of their heatable brick bed, and glanced at strange guests from time to time.

而满玉贵站在门外,一直没有踏进这个“世界”,也从不看他的弟媳一眼,只顾闷头抽着烟。阳光下,他的脸有几分涨红。

Man Yugui stood outside the door, never set foot in this world, never looked at his sister-in-law, and he only smoked. In the sun, his face turned a little red.

他站在幸福的门外,

He stood outside the door of happiness,

丢掉了钥匙。

lost the key.

他在等待着,

He was waiting,

寻找钥匙的人归来……

waiting for the one who looked for the key returned...

姊妹们

Sisters

——关于女性的尊严

—About the Dignity of Women

这是在著名的“金城天府”招远县城里,一个“姊妹理发店”的招牌,受委屈似的挂在凹进去的街面上。

This is in Zhaoyuan County, the famous Jincheng Tianfu. The signboard of Sister Barber Shop hung on the crooked street as if it felt wronged.

这招牌引起我的好奇心:“这是农村来的个体户吧?”

This signboard aroused my curiosity: "Is this a self-employed person from the countryside?"

陪同我的同志神秘地朝我摆摆手:“别提它了!”

The comrade accompanying me mysteriously waved his hand to me: "Don't mention this!"

“怎么回事?”

"What's going on?"

“不正经……卖淫。”

"This is monkey business... prostitution."

“这不会!”我不知为什么一下子就站在她们的立场上,“光天化日之下,怎么可能呢?再说有街道,有公安。”

"Impossible!" I didn't know why I suddenly stood in their position. "How is it possible in broad daylight? Besides, there are streets and police."

“街上都这么说。”

"That's what all people say."

“你见过吗?”

"Have you seen it?"

“没有。”

"No."

“我们下午去理理发吧!”

"Let's have a haircut this afternoon!"

“不 我不去。”

"No, I won't go."

下午,我们还是一起去了。但陪同我的同志跨进姊妹理发店时的神色是紧张的,还下意识地回身看了一下是否有熟人瞧见。

In the afternoon, we still go there together. But the comrade who accompanied me looked nervous when he stepped into this barber shop, and subconsciously turned around to see if any acquaintances had seen him.

屋里的理发设施一应俱全。墙上挂着《大众电影》《大众电视》《人民文学》和一些小人书。长案上放着一些摇铃、汽车、吹塑动物等儿童玩具,长案下面还放着一些雨伞。经营者的慧心可鉴。

Hairdressing facilities were available in the house. There were Popular Movies, Popular TV, People's Literature and some linked pictures hanging on the wall. There were children's toys such as bells, cars and blow mold animals on the long desk, and umbrellas under tit. The operators' wisdom can be learned.

三姊妹身穿白色的工作服,正忙于刀剪声中。她们的年龄在16至25岁之间。 都生得白皙、苗条。老大温柔、沉静,烫着“波浪式老二留着“波卷式”,看得出性格比较活泼、伶俐;老三是“青年式”,嘴角上含着一股刚强之气。她们的目光一直低垂着,里面藏着沉重的东西。

Dressed in white overalls, the three sisters were busy with the sound of knives and scissors. They were between 16 and 25 years old and were all fair-skinned and slim. The eldest was gentle, quiet, with wavy hair, and the second had shag hairstyle, which showed that she was lively and clever; The third had short hair, with an air of confidence on the corners of her mouth. Their eyes have been lowered, with heavy things hidden inside.

大姐理完了一个,淡淡地望了我ー下,那就是她的语言了。我过去坐定后,主动和她搭讪:

The oldest sister finished cutting one’ hair and looked at me gently. That was her language. After I went to sit down, I took the initiative to chat up her:

“你们是从哪里来的?”

"Where do you come from?"

“陈家沙埠。”她很矜持。

"Chenjia shabu." She was very reserved.

“家里几口人?”

"How many people are there in the family?"

“七 口。”

"Seven."

“分了多少责任田?”

"How many fields you are responsible for are divided?"

“三亩。”

"Three mu."

“种地怎么办?”

"What about farming?"

“农忙了回去。”

"When it is busy for farming, we’ll come back."

“吃饭呢?”

"What about meals?"

“原来从家里带,现在买着吃。”

"We used to bring them from home and buy them now."

“住在哪里呢?”

"Where do you live?"

她乜了一眼镜子里的我,冷冷地:“城里。”便垂下眼皮,不愿再回答我的问话。

She squinted at me in the mirror and said coldly, "In the city." She then lowered her eyelids and refused to answer my question.

姑娘,你不要误解了文学,生活走到哪里,文学就跟到哪里。它愿做每ー个生 命的守护神,为她艰难的跋涉喊一声号子,为她暗夜的寻觅送ー支烛光。姑娘,愿 意向我打开你的心扉吗?

Girl, don't misunderstand literature. Wherever life goes, literature will follow. It is willing to be the patron saint of every life, sing a work song for her difficult trek, and send a candlelight for her search in the dark night. Girl, would you like to open your heart to me?

姑娘的名字叫郝朝霞,两个妹妹叫郝彩霞和郝丽霞。这是霞光一样美丽的名 字,却落在一个贫穷的村庄里。干部走马灯似的换了一茬又一茬,到如今村里一个工副业项目也没有。队里规定:凡是劳动カ都得向大队交费用。男劳力每年交二百,女劳力每年交一百（这和那些商品生产发展比较好的大队,给予农田补贴形成了鲜明的对比）。她们家欠着队里600多元的账,郝朝霞初中毕业后,只得辍学回村,跟着当理发员的父亲学起了理发……

The girl's name is Hao Zhaoxia, and her two sisters are Hao Caixia and Hao Lixia. They are beautiful names like twilight colors, but these girls lived in a poor village. Officials have changed one after another, and now there is no sideline project in the village. It was stipulated in the production team that all laborers had to pay fees to the team. Male laborers paid 200 yuan a year, while female laborers paid 100 yuan a year, which was in sharp contrast to those teams with better commodity production development and agricultural subsidies). Their family owed more than 600 yuan to the team, so Hao Zhaoxia had to drop out of school and return to the village after graduating from junior high school, and learned hairdressing with her father who was a hairdresser...

“姊妹理发店”的牌子在招远县城挂起来了!那店牌牌上的字是干了一辈子理发营生的老父亲亲手写的。

The signboard of Sister Barber Shop has been hung up in Zhaoyuan County! The words on the shop signboard were written by their old father who had worked as a barber all his life.

农村姑娘进城办第三产业,这本身就是一种挑战,向国营企业的“铁饭碗”挑战,向传统的习俗挑战!这种挑战必然要遇到传统势力的反击。

Rural girls go to the city to run the tertiary industry, which is a challenge in itself, to the "iron rice bowl" of state-owned enterprises and to traditional customs! This kind of challenge is bound to meet the counterattack of traditional authorities.

她们按照美的原则去修剪着生活,而生活却把丑恶推到她们面前——

They trimmed life according to the principle of beauty, but life pushes ugliness before them.

一群喝醉了酒的青工晚上闯进来,视这些农民的女儿如手心玩物,口出秽言; 一个心怀叵测的人把一张纸条塞给姑娘,约她幽会;捕风捉影的谣言随之而起……

A group of drunken young workers broke in at night, treating these farmers' daughters as playthings and uttering filthy words. A person with sinister motives stuffed a note to a girl and asked her to meet secretly. Then people put two and two together and made five...

在中国,有什么比这种道德的飞短流长更能置人于死地?有人要把无形的裹布重新缠到她们脚上。

In China, what can kill people more than spreading embroidered stories and malicious gossip of them in terms of morals? Someone wanted to wrap the invisible cloth around their feet again.

这个小小的理发店,离县政府并不远。但愿妇联、共青团的目光早日注意到她们!

This small barber shop was not far from the county government. I hoped the All-China Women's Federation and the Communist Youth League will notice them as soon as possible!

临别时我对她们说:“你们可以把土地转让出去,专一在城里从事这项工作,还可以在城里买地皮、盖楼房,理直气壮地生活!”她们不时地发问:“这行吗? 行吗?”

When I left, I said to them: "You can transfer the land and do this job in the city. You can also buy land, build houses and live confidently in the city!" From time to time, they ask, "Is this feasible?"

行的!扬起头来吧,姐妹们!你们已经作为先进生产力的代表,走上了历史的舞台！用你们手中的剪刀,去剪断传统束缚在你们身上的绳索。这是新的妇女运动史！在韧性的抗争中,取得你们的自尊、自强、自重、自爱！

Sure! Raise your head, sisters! As representatives of advanced productive forces, you have stepped onto the stage of history! Use the scissors in your hands to cut the ropes that are traditionally bound to you. This is the new history of women's campaign! In the struggle of resilience, you gain your self-esteem, self-improvement, self-respect and self-love!

女性的尊严,在你们自身的创造之中！

The dignity of women is in your own creation!

夫妻们

Couples

——关于夫妻关系

—About the relationship between husband and wife

（夫妻关系一:蘑菇,开门吧!）

(Relationship one: Mushroom, open the door!)

他,姜希增,腰里掖上一头“猪”,千里迢迢去山西原平农学院找一位李教授。 他在《中国青年》上看到李教授关于食用猴头菌可以抑制癌症的文章,专程去拜师——他的父亲和祖母都是因为癌症过世的。

He, Jiang Xizeng, tied a pig to his waist and set out on the long trek to Shanxi Yuanping Agricultural College to find a professor Li. He read Professor Li's article about eating Hericium erinaceus to inhibit cancer in China Youth, so he made a special trip to formally acknowledge him as his master, for his father and grandmother both died of cancer.

他从山西买回了菌种,他回家来搞的试验却失败了。

He bought the strain from Shanxi, but the experiment at home failed.

妻子史春芝犯了胃溃疡,在炕上一边哼哼一边抱怨:“家里穷得连饭都吃不上, 你把一头猪胡摆治了……”

His wife, Shi Chunzhi, committed a gastric ulcer and complained while humming on the heatable brick bed: "We are too poor to eat food, but you should waste a pig..."

姜希增一肚子火气正没处出,吼了一声:“老娘儿们家就会穷叨叨！”

Jiang Xizeng found nowhere to give vent to his anger, so he yelled: "You old pussy chatters like a magpie!"

这使史春芝大为伤心,她本来就满肚子委屈。当初和他结婚,那是冲他在外面“吃国库粮”,指望跟他“跳农门”,上大城市。1961年工厂下马,他捧着个“光荣证”回了乡。混不上吃,混不上穿,每年靠一位吃薪金的叔叔捎包旧衣裳、补贴20块钱接济。两口子每有龃龉,史春芝总少不了一句传统骂语:“当初俺上了你 的当!”

This made Shi Chunzhi very sad. She was already full of grievances. She married him because he had urban household registration, and she expected to get rid of the identity of a farmer with him and go to a big city. In 1961, when the factory was closed, he returned to his hometown with a Certificate of Honor. He can’t make both ends meet, so he relied on an uncle who had salary to take old clothes and subsidize 20 yuan every year. Every time the couple had disagreements, Shi Chunzhi always cursed him out: "I was taken in by you at the beginning!"

每听到这里,姜希增都不再吱声,好像这桩婚姻完全是由于他的骗局造成的。

Every time he heard this, he stopped speaking, as if his scam was the culprit of their marriage.

他想再去一趟山西,却筹集不起路费。

He wanted to go to Shanxi again, but he couldn't afford the travelling expenses.

后来听说莱阳农学院也有微生物课程,便瞒着老婆骑上自行车去了,在学校大门口见人就拦:“哪个老师教微生物?管种蘑菇?”

Later, he heard that Laiyang Agricultural College also had microbiology courses, so he rode his bicycle without telling his wife. He stopped everyone he saw at the gate of this college: "Which teacher teaches microbiology and know how to plant mushrooms?"

史春芝一天没有见到丈夫,心中好生纳闷,待傍晚看到他又傻呵呵带着ー些菌种回来时,ー赌气关上了房门。

Shi Chunzhi didn't see her husband for a day, so she was puzzled. When she saw him come back with some strains with an air of idiocy in the evening, she closed the door in anger.

“他妈,开门吧!”

"My wife, open the door!"

没有吱声,和旧生活告别的夜晚是凄冷的。

There was no reply. The night of saying goodbye to the old life is chilly.

“蘑菇,开门吧!”

"Mushroom, open the door!"

蘑菇向他把门敞开了!他在室内试种了 20平方米的蘑菇,获得了可喜的 收成!

Mushrooms opened the door to him! He planted experimentally 20 square meters of mushrooms indoors and got a gratifying harvest!

姜希增又拿出半亩责任田来种植他的理想。1983年收入9000斤蘑菇,纯收入5000多元;菌种收入3000多元。还有个收益是老婆的变化,她的胃溃疡竟然吃蘑菇吃好了,脾气也变好了。

Jiang Xizeng took out half a mu of farmland he was responsible for to plant his ideal. In 1983, he harvested 4,500 kg of mushrooms, and the net income was more than 5,000 yuan. The income of strains was more than 3,000 yuan. Another benefit was the change of his wife. Her gastric ulcer was cured by eating mushrooms and her temper has improved.

现在姜希增是胶东有名的“蘑菇状元”。他不仅在本村带起了十几个专业户, 还搞“技术输出”,应邀到各地做技术指导,光缴学费的学生就有60多人。

Now Jiang Xizeng is a famous "mushroom champion" in Jiaodong. He not only nurtured more than a dozen specialists in the village, but also exported technology. He was invited to give technical guidance in various places. More than 60 students paid tuition fees alone.

“他出去跑,家里这ー摊子就揭给我!”史春芝爽快地对我说。

"He went to other places, and I'm in charge of business at home!" Shi Chunzhi said to me readily.

“你会吗?”

"Do you know how to stay in business?"

“看也看会了！过去我不是反对他,是对经济不放心。孩子还上学,拉下饥荒怎么办?现在他花3000多块钱买设备,我都不说他……”

"I have been seeing him do this for a long time! In the past, I was not against him, but worried about money. Our children are still in school, so what should we do if we are in debt? Now he spends more than 3,000 yuan to buy equipment, but I don't even blame him..."

姜希增自得地坐在“生当作人杰,死亦为鬼雄”的诗联下,他不但敲开了致富之门,也在“拜师”的热潮中得到了一种精神的满足,一种人格和道德的完善。现在他反过来挑剔着妻子:“老娘儿们家眼光就是短浅,光认钱。有几个钱,又烧得慌,要给孩子做’将军服’,你怎么不做个’元帅服’、做个蟒袍玉带?老百姓要穿老百姓服!”

Jiang Xizeng sat proudly under the poetic couplet of "Be man of men while you're alive, And soul of souls if you're dead." He not only knocks on the door to be successful, but also gets spiritual satisfaction and personality and moral perfection in the upsurge of "taking others as their teacher". Now he is critical of his wife in turn: "You old ladies are short-sighted and only pay attention to money. If you have money, it will burn a hole in your pocket, and you want to make a general uniform for your children. Why don't you make a marshal uniform and an emperor’s uniform? Ordinary people should wear ordinary people's clothes!"

史春芝像个少女似的,嗔怪地瞧他一眼:“就你能!”把一杯浓茶摆到他面 前……

Shi Chunzhi looked at him like a girl, and rebuked: "You are too arrogant!" And she put a cup of strong tea before him...

商品生产调节了这个家庭的夫妻关系,虽然它不免带一点“夫贵妻荣”的封建 色彩,但毕竟是靠自己的劳动换来的和谐和荣耀!

Commodity production adjusts the relationship between husband and wife in this family. Although it inevitably has feudalism of "when husband is rich, his wife is proud", it is harmony and glory exchanged by one's own labor after all!

（夫妻关系二:空中丝绸之路）

(Relationship two: Silk Road in the air)

我在牟平龙泉乡访问了一对年轻夫妇,他们乘坐飞机到西藏销售服装,开辟空中“丝绸之路”,充满了传奇色彩。这不仅意味着他们的时间观念和生活方式的改变,其中还包含着一种象征:新一代农民在起飞。

I visited a young couple in Longquan Township, Muping. They flew to Tibet to sell clothes by taking a plane so as to blaze a Silk Road in the air, which was full of legends. This means not only the change of their concept of time and lifestyle, but also a symbol: a new generation of farmers is becoming better.

小媳妇叫于政芳,今年23岁,她已经不甘于母亲那样的生活一把一双脚用 布裹起来,一生厮守着锅台和鸡窝。首先在“终身大事”上,她就挨弃了 “媒妁之言,父母之命”的旧传统。

The wife was Yu Zhengfang, 23 years old. She was unwilling to live like her mother who wrapped her feet in cloth and stayed with kitchen and chicken coops all her life. First of all, in the lifelong important event, she abandoned the old tradition of an arranged marriage.

从我记事起,村里就有一些不断翻新的有关婚俗的儿歌:“小嫂小嫂快快长,长大了跟村长,穿皮鞋嘎嘎响……”“ー个兜的靠边站,两个兜的看ー看,三个兜的叫爹也干!”发展到近来已是:“收音机带相片儿（电视）,缝纫机带锁边儿,自行车带冒烟儿,手表带跑星期天儿。”这些儿歌虽不能登大雅之堂,却在某种程度上反映了经济变化对人们婚姻观的影响。

As far as I can remember, there have been some children's songs about marriage customs that are constantly being changed in the village: "Little sister-in-law grows up quickly so that you can go with the village head who wears rattling leather shoes..." "People with one pocket stand aside, two pockets can be thought of, and three pockets can even be called daddy!" Recently, it has been: "Radio with TV, sewing machine with overlocking function, bicycle with smoke, watches with Rolex." Although these children's songs can't be elegant, they reflect the influence of economic changes on people's marriage views to some extent.

而今,姑娘们在寻找发展商品生产中涌现出来的能人。于政芳就是几年前到威海给包工的农民做饭时,认识了“工头”吕宝帅,主动求爱的。

Nowadays, girls are looking for talented people emerging in the process of the development of commodity production. Yu Zhengfang met Lyu Baoshuai, a labor contractor, and took the initiative to woo him when she went to Weihai to cook for migrant workers a few years ago.

我第一次去吕宝帅家访问,夫妇双双去温州做生意去了,只有外公带着小燕妮（看来他们还是崇拜马克思的）在家看门。

When I visited Lyu Baoshuai's home for the first time, both husband and wife went to Wenzhou to do business. Only the grandfather took care of little Yanni (It seemed that they still worshiped Marx) and acted as a doorkeeper.

我第二次访问见到了于政芳。她上着粉红色的确良夏衫,下着乳白色的百褶裙,坐在折叠椅上。而炕头上横着一个一米多长的老式大枕头。

I met Yu Zhengfang on my second visit. She wore a pink Dacron summer shirt and a milky white pleated skirt, sitting on a folding chair. On the heatable brick bed was an old-fashioned pillow more than one meter long.

挺秀气、时髦的一个姑娘,一张口却不时显露出粗野——她保留着祖辈传下来的一些语汇:“驴XX进的”“妈拉个腿儿”……而一提及夫妻关系,她总是说成“老婆汉子”。

She was very delicate and fashionable, but when she spoke something, her rudeness could be seen from time to time. She spoke some vocabularies handed down from her ancestors like motherfucker, son of a bitch... and when it comes to the relationship between husband and wife, she always says "man and wife".

她讲起坐飞机的感受:“真舒服呀！开始上升的时候难受一阵儿,飞平了什么也觉不出来。云彩绒嘟嘟的,伸手就能抓住,就和画上的嫦娥奔月ー样……”乘了几个来回的飞机,她体验了“嫦娥奔月”和“仙女下凡”的滋味。上百元一张的飞机票,节省了14天的时间,这是他们的父辈所不具有的时间价值观。

She talked about the feeling of taking a plane: "It's so comfortable! When the plane started to rise, I felt uncomfortable, but I couldn't feel anything when it flew flat. Clouds are velvet, and you can catch them with your hand, just like the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon in the painting..." After several round-trip planes, she experienced "Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" and "Fairy going down to earth". A plane ticket hundreds of yuan saved 14 days, which was a time value that their parents did not have.

“死了也闭眼了,不光坐了飞机,还坐了大轮船!”她说着,拿出一本大相册,那上面有他们在各地的留影:有的在布达拉宫,有的在西湖苏堤,有的在上海南京路, 有的在天柱峰……那全是用自己的照相机照的,他们过着旅游式的生活。从这些相片上可以看出一个农村姑娘的演变,由“炊帚把”到烫着披肩发;由粗布衣到时髦裙装……她自豪地说:“就差香港和台湾没去了！”我看到茶盘里堆着些废车票, 那是没有人给他们报销的。

"It’s worth dying for taking a plane and a ship!" While she said, she took out a big photo album with pictures of them in various places: some in Potala Palace, some in Su Di of West Lake, some in Nanjing Road of Shanghai, and some in Tianzhu Peak … They were all taken with their own camera, and they lived a tourist life. From these photos, we can see the evolution of a rural girl, from flyaway hair to curly hair and from coarse cloth to fashionable skirt... She proudly said: "We only have not gone Hong Kong and Taiwan!" I saw some old tickets piled up in the tea tray, which can’t be reimbursed.

“现在还去西藏吗?”

"Are you still going to Tibet?"

“不去了,最后一趟让人坑了一下子。”她不愿讲被“坑”的详情,也不讲丈夫出差去了哪里,忽然对着外屋喊了声:“凯乐!”（那是印度故事影片《奴里》中一条狗的名字）接着一条大黄狗欢跳着跑进来。这个农民的女儿剥开一块价值两盒火柴的金纸奶糖,向空中一丢,大黄狗熟练地ー下咬到嘴里,甜甜地嚼起来。她接着又剥开了第二块……

"No, some people cheated us in our last trip." She didn't want to tell the details of being cheated or where her husband went on a business trip. Suddenly, she shouted to the outhouse: "Khairoo!" (That's the name of a dog in the Indian feature film Noorie). Then a big yellow dog jumps in happily. This farmer's daughter peeled off a piece of toffee wrapped with gold paper worth two boxes of matches and threw it into the air. The dog skillfully bit it into her mouth and chewed this sweet food. She then peeled off a second piece...

（夫妻关系三:青烟升处有人家）

(Relationship 3: There are people in a place where smoke is curling upward)

1983年冬月,邢春香去江苏金湖县农机厂看望当临时工的儿子,这是她第一次出远门。

In the winter of 1983, Xing Chunxiang went to Jinhu County Agricultural Machinery Factory in Jiangsu Province to visit her son who worked as a temporary worker. This was her first time to travel to a distant place.

她在那里看到橡胶车间全是女工,活儿不累,也挺赚钱,设备只是ー个压力板和一个小烘炉。

She saw that the rubber workshop was full of women workers there. It was easy to work and make money. The equipment was just a pressure plate and a small oven.

邢春香带了几个橡胶制品回来,和老头子肖振竹商量:“咱办个家庭工厂吧。” 老头子摇摇头说:“上哪弄资金?”邢春香说:“现在兴贷款,挣了再还!”老头子又愁销路,邢春香说:“孩子有个干爹跑供销,能帮忙。再说一回生,两回熟,三回成了老主顾。”老头子还愁没技术,邢春香说:“咱儿子就能当老师!”

Xing Chunxiang brought back some rubber products and discussed with his husband Xiao Zhenzhu: "Let's set up a family factory." The old man shook his head and said, "Where can we get the money?" Xing said: "Now it’s popular to loan money from a bank, we can pay it back after we earn money!" The old man was worried about the selling line again. Xing Chunxiang said, "Our child’s godfather working in supply and marketing can help. Besides, difficult the first time, easy the second. We become regular customers the third time." The old man still worried that they didn’t have the know-how, but Xing said: "Our son can be a teacher!"

经过一番筹措、铺排,第一批货出厂不久,嘎嚇嚇的票子就汇过来了,这一下小山村轰动了!村里大闺女、小媳妇、壮小伙子都争着来当“工人”。现在这位老嫂子自命为“经理”,讲话满口新名词儿:

After arrangement and preparation, the first batch of goods was produced from the factory, and a hefty sum of money was remitted, which caused a sensation in the small mountain village! Girls, wives and strong young men in the village were all vying to be workers. Now the old woman called herself manager, and her speech is full of new terms:

“眼时咱体制小,用不了这么多人,资金也流动不开。

"Now we have a small system, so we don’t need so many people so that we can make money flow."

“这一次生产的都是汽车、火车上用的橡胶制品,销北京汽车装配公司,天津宏 光五金厂、吉林铁路上、银川刚拉上关系……跑外都是我,采胶得上远地,沈阳、天津……老头子从来没出过门,打怯……

"This time, all the rubber products produced are used in cars and trains. They are sold to Beijing Automobile Assembly Company, Tianjin Hongguang Hardware Factory and Jilin Railway. We just pulled wires with companies in Yinchuan... I am in charge of doing business outside, and I have to buy rubber far away, like Shenyang, Tianjin... My husband has never been on a long journey, so he is timid...

“说起来我进这家20来年了,连个悖悖也吃不上,光吃地瓜。一年分三四十斤小麦,不够来客的,有一口半口好吃的,也都先尽他爷们儿……”

"I have married him for over 20 years, but I can't even eat a bun cake. I just eat sweet potatoes. We got thirty or forty jin of wheat a year, which is not enough for visitors. If there is a mouthful of delicious food, I’ll give it to my husband and son..."

丈夫肖振竹——那个被控诉对象,在忙着做午饭,一直没有搭言。这个种庄稼能手,现在矮了半截。他作为家庭重心的时代已经结束了。

Xiao Zhenzhu, the accused object, was busy cooking lunch and never spoke. This expert in planting crops is now a cut below. His time as the center of family is over.

瞧这一家子

Look at This Family

——关于家庭内部关系

—Internal Family Relations

今天,以血缘关系和传统伦理道德维系着的农村家庭,正接受着新文明浪潮的冲击,正悄悄地产生着一些微妙的变化。

Today, rural families, which are maintained by blood relationship and traditional ethics, are impacted by the new civilization tide and are quietly undergoing some subtle changes.

这一家子是掖县徐家公社原家大队人。全家13口人,成员构成是4个儿子、3个儿媳、1个女儿、2个孙子、1个孙女,加上老两口。按常规,这个大家庭将面临分家的边缘,家长们也只能靠伦理观念和封建的家长权威来调节儿女妣姓之间的矛盾。

This family is from the Yuan brigade of Xu Commune in Ye County. There are 13 people in the whole family, including 4 sons, 3 daughters-in-law, 1 daughter, 2 grandsons, 1 granddaughter, and the parents. Normally, this big family will face the division of possessions, and parents can only rely on ethical concepts and feudal parental authority to mediate contradictions among their children and sisters-in-law.

1983年初,54岁的原成芳老汉为了给家中的劳力找出路,办了个家庭塑料厂。

At the beginning of 1983, 54-year-old Yuan Chengfang set up a family plastic factory in order to find direction in life for laborers in his family.

老汉和老伴商量:“队上办厂子为什么跨了?就是没有章程,整天打打吵吵,最后只剩下个空房子。”老伴说:“都是自己家里的人,定不定规矩不要紧。”老汉说: “那不行,丑话头里说。现在不定,以后出了问题再定就晚了。”

The old man discussed with his wife: "Why did the brigade’s factory go bankrupt? Because there is no charter, and fighting and noises are on all day. Finally there is only an empty house left." His wife said: "They are all people in their own family. It doesn't matter if you decide the rules." The old man said, "Let me speak frankly, that won't work. If we don’t set rules now, it will be too late when something goes wrong in the future."

晚上,老汉召集家庭会议:

In the evening, the old man held a family meeting:

“中央叫咱致富,咱得给政府壮壮脸,咱这个工厂要办就办好!现在竞争这么厉害,没有个章法不行,第一条咱得有个厂长!”

"The central government asks us to be successful, so we should live up to its expectations. If we decide to set up a factory, we should do it well! Now the competition is so fierce, it won’t work if there is no rule. The first one is that we should have a factory director!"

当然,没有人敢和老汉竞选,儿女们只觉得新鲜有趣,忍俊不禁举手通过了“爹厂长”。

Of course, no one dared to run against the old man, and the children only thought it novel and interesting, so they couldn't help raising their hands and approved the proposal.

老汉说:“好,我是厂长了,就按工厂的条条办。麻雀虽小,五脏俱全,下面我来给你们分分工……”

The old man said, "OK, I'm the factory director now, so I'll manage it according to the rules of the factory. Even a fly has its spleen. Let me assign tasks..."

这位“厂长爹”的分工是颇有心计的:大儿子兼会计;闺女兼考勤员;老四负责生产调度和质量检查、现金保管——他没成家,没有私心;老汉兼管技术和供销;老伴管“后勤”。8个劳力,分四班倒,6小时一班,每班有定额。媳妇、姑娘工资制, 每月25元,这是搽胭脂、抹粉钱,年底再分红。坚持考勤制度,迟到1分钟扣半天工资,超过5分钟扣1天工资……

The factory director was quite calculating: the eldest son was an accountant; the daughter was responsible for attendance; the fourth child was responsible for production scheduling, quality inspection, and the custody of cash—he didn’t start a family, so he had no selfish motives; the old man was in charge of technology, supply and marketing; his wife was in charge of logistics. There were 8 laborers, which were divided into four shifts and they worked a 6-hour shift, with a quota for each shift. Daughters-in-law and his daughter can receive 25 yuan salary every month, which was for them to but rouge and powder, and they would have dividends at the end of the year. According to the attendance system, half-a-day salary will be deducted for being late for 1 minute, and one-day salary for more than 5 minutes...

章程订出来了,全“厂”通过,大红纸一写,贴在迎门墙上。

The charter was established, and everyone approved it. It was written in red paper and posted on the entrance wall.

大媳妇娘家是珍珠乡大辛台人,来去30里。一次回娘家,她晚回来10分钟罚去了1天工资。大媳妇第二次回娘家,撇下已经下到锅里的饺子,一身大汗地蹬着车子赶回来。

The eldest daughter-in-law was from Daxintai, Pearl Township, which was 30 miles away. Once she went back to her parents’ home, she came back 10 minutes late and was fined one day's salary. When she went back to her parents’ home for the second time, she left the dumplings that had been put into the pot, and pedaled back in a sweat.

我去这个家庭工厂访问时,他们已被评为“五好家庭”,女儿原素玮被评为“好小姑”。

When I visited this family factory, they had been rated as Five Virtues Family and the daughter Yuan Suwei was rated as Good Husband's Younger Sister.

我问这位“好小姑”：“你和你嫂子那么好,替她多干一会儿不行吗?干吗要罚呢?”

I asked her, "You and your sister-in-law have a good relationship, can't you work for her for a while? Why do you fine her for her late?"

“好玄！这个嫂子误一会儿,那个嫂子误一会儿,还不把我累死!”

"Your idea is strange! If this sister-in-law is late, and that sister-in-law is late, I’ll be exhausted!"

他们不是在人为地创造戏剧。商品生产迫使他们走向社会。在过去从事集体生产时,家庭成员之间的经济关系,基本是在消费领域中。消费和传统的伦理家教,成为联结家庭的两个纽带。现在家庭成了一个独立的生产单位,他们不光用生产者的观点考虑问题了,还要从经营者的角度考虑技术、信息、市场,他们需要提高效率,提高竞争能力。在时间观念上,他们不能再像过去那样只分春夏秋冬,或者含糊地“吃顿饭的工夫”“抽袋烟的工夫”。家庭成员之间不仅有直接生产的关系, 还有交换劳动和交换产品的关系,甚至竞争关系!家庭成员之间的分配关系随着生产方式的改变也在发生着变化!他们像艘古老的小船驶出平静的港湾,迎着波涛向彼岸驶去,船上全体人员需要的不是固守那些陈旧的道德规范,而是要务尽职 能,变成一个协同一致的集体、奋力如一的整体,当巨轮迎面开过,涌起的惊涛要将它吞没时,它可以迅速地调转船头,驶向新的海域。

They're not artificially creating drama. Commodity production forces them to go to society. In the past, when they engaged in collective production, the economic relationship among family members basically lied in the field of consumption. Consumption and traditional ethical tutoring have become two ties connecting families. Now the family has become an independent production unit. Family members not only consider problems from the producer's point of view, but also consider technology, information and market from the operator's point of view. They need to improve efficiency and competitiveness. In the concept of time, they can no longer divide time into spring, summer, autumn and winter as in the past, or vaguely into the time when eating a meal and the time when having a cigarette. There is not only a direct production relationship among family members, but also a relationship of exchanging labor and products, and even a competitive relationship! The distribution relationship among family members is also changing with the change of production mode! They sailed out of the calm harbor like an old boat, sailed to the other shore against the waves. What all the crew on board need is not to stick to the old moral norms, but to do their duty to unite together. When the huge boat passes head-on and the surging waves are going to engulf it, it can quickly turn its bow and sail to a new sea area.

第六章宁海镇的共产党人

Chapter 6 Communists in Ninghai Town

你见过罗丹的雕塑《思想者》吗?

Have you ever seen Rodin's sculpture The Thinker?

他赤裸着身子,肌腱隆起,头颅被思想压得低垂下来。他精神专注而严峻,你感到他是在做自身和人类命运的思考。由于思想,你感到他生命内涵的力量。

He is naked, with strong tendons, and his head hangs down under the pressure of thoughts. He has focused mind a stern face, and you feel that he is thinking about himself and human destiny. Because of thought, you feel the power of his life connotation.

现在坐在我对面的,是宁海镇年轻的镇委书记谢玉堂。他中等身材,略胖,浓浓的黑发呈“剑拔弩张”之势,目光兼有敦厚和睿智,举止老练持重,颇有处变不惊的大将风度。在和我交谈的间歇,不时陷入一种沉静的思索之中,那沉静中蕴含着一种激烈的奔腾。

Sitting opposite me now is Xie Yutang, the young secretary of Ninghai Town Committee. He is of medium height, slightly fat, with thick black hair showing commanding presence. He is sophisticated with honest and wise eyes, like a composed general. In between conversations with me, he fell into silent thinking from time to time, and there was passion in the silence.

时代把才华和命题同时给予了这位农民的儿子,他热爱生活,热爱土地。借十一届三中全会的东风,他“壮士不下马”,带领全镇人民四年跨出四大步。1978年宁海镇的工副业项目仅有20多个,现在已发展到800多个。1984年全镇总收入将达到一个亿！——宁海镇人提前16年翻两番！在我国北方,这可能算得上佼佼者！

The times gave the farmer's son talent and questions, who loved life and land at the same time. Taking advantage of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, he worked hard to lead the people of the whole town to take four big steps in four years. In 1978, there were only over 20 sideline projects in Ninghai Town, but now it has grown to over 800. In 1984, the total income of the whole town will reach 100 million yuan! People’s income in Ninghai Town quadrupled 16 years ahead of schedule! In the north of China, this may be outstanding!

我把旋风一样奔忙的镇委书记拖到幽静的“风云林园”。

I took the busy secretary of the town committee to the quiet "Fengyun Forest Park".

风云林园也是他的政绩之一。十个林区,修起了十座样式迥异的小楼,有哥特式,有古典式,有东洋式,使古老的山区洋溢着现代化的气息。这些小楼既作为各分场的场部,还准备接待科学家、教授、画家、作家（我是第一个被接待的蹩脚作家）。擅长书法的市委书记王济夫挥毫为总场场部题下“风云楼”三个大字,取风起云涌之意。

Fengyun Forest Park is also one of his achievements. Ten small buildings with different styles have been built in ten forest areas, including Gothic, classical and oriental styles, which makes the ancient mountainous areas look more modernized. These small buildings serve as the field departments of each field, and are also prepared to serve scientists, professors, painters and writers (I was the first bad writer to be served). Wang Jifu, secretary of the municipal party committee who is good at calligraphy, wrote the three characters "Fengyun Building" for the general field department, meaning rising wind and clouds.

“山不高而秀雅,水不深而澄清,地不广而平坦,林不大而茂盛……”谢玉堂坐 在“风云楼”内的沙发上,借《三国演义》中描绘诸葛亮隐居之地的文字,自喻风云林园。这位年轻的党务工作者的气质,已远远不同于当年的老镇长、老乡长。

"The mountain is not high but beautiful; the water is not deep but clear; the land is not wide but flat; the forest is not big but lush..." Xie Yutang sat on the sofa in Fengyun Building, and imitated the words depicting Zhu Geliang's seclusion in Romance of the Three Kingdoms to describe Fengyun Forest Park. The temperament of this young party worker is far different from that of the old mayor and township head.

“宁海镇的变化,应归之于三中全会后三个结构的改变。”他像个理论工作者, 也像个韬略家,开始给我讲述宁海镇繁荣的奥秘。

"The changes in Ninghai Town should be attributed to the changes in the three structures after the Third Plenary Session." Like a theoretical worker and a strategist, he began to tell me the mystery of Ninghai Town's prosperity.

“第一是农业内部经济结构的改变。

"The first one is the change of economic structure within agriculture."

“中国农村的单一经济,已经走到尽头了!我上任后把65个大队做了一次全面的调查,全社人均一亩多地,城里大队才半亩地,在土地上’翻番’能翻出个什么名堂?’汉子推,老婆拉,一天能挣四毛八。‘人,这个生产力中最积极最活跃的因素,长期以来被束缚在凝固的传统经济模式里。

"The single economy in rural China has come to an end! After I took office, I made a comprehensive survey of 65 brigades. The whole commune has more than one mu per capita, and the city brigade has only half a mu of land. What can we do though our goal is double the yield? "If a man pushes and his wife pulls, he can earn 48 cents a day." People, the most active factor in production, have long been bound in the unchangeable traditional economic model.

“’三级所有,队为基础’在60年代初纠正‘共产风’的时候,起了积极的作用, 但是,’队为基础’对发展商品生产起了阻碍作用。土地、资产、劳力、分配,生产队是’一统天下’,外出搞副业一天挣三块、四块,得交到生产队拉平分配。生产队把劳力死死钉在土地上,要发展商品生产,不放人权,怎么发展?毛主席在《六十条》中对'队为基础’的批语是'三十年盯不变’;再按两个'凡是’的观点,'生产队’要延续到90年代。那能行吗?

"'The average size of the communes was reduced to one-third of the original, and the basic accounting unit devolved from the commune to the brigade to the production team.' It played a positive role in correcting the extreme egalitarianism in the early 1960s, but the system based on the collective ownership economy of production teams hindered the development of commodity production. Land, assets, labor and distribution were all managed by the production team, and if you go out to engage in sideline business and earn three or four yuan a day, you had to hand over to the production team for equal distribution. The production team restricted labor to the land. If we want to develop commodity production without human rights, how can we develop it? Chairman Mao's comment on it in Sixty Items is "adhering to it for 30 years". According to the Two Whatevers, the form of production team should last until the 1990s. Can that work?"

“随着农村责任制的落实,商品生产的发展,劳动力的重新组合,生产队的消亡就成为ー种历史的必然。

"With the implementation of the rural responsibility system, the development of commodity production and the recombination of labor, the demise of the production team has become a historical necessity.

“82年秋种以后,我把全公社150个生产队长召集到ー起,向他们宣布:'你们的历史使命结束了!生产队一级将从中国的地平线上永远地消失了!这些年你们带领群众立下了汗马功劳,党和人民不会忘记你们。

"After the autumn planting in 1982, I summoned 150 production captains of the whole commune and announced to them: 'Your historical mission is over! The production team will disappear forever in China! Over the years, you have led the masses to make great contributions, so the party and the people will never forget you.'"

“生产队的取消,突破了一个根深蒂固的传统观念——农村,就是从事农业生产的地方。解放了的生产力,在完成着自身的历史转折,从'体力型’转向'智力型’,从'农业型’转向'农工并举型’,不停地改变着农业内部的经济结构。

"The cancellation of the production team breaks a deep-rooted traditional convention that countryside is a place engaged in agricultural production. The liberated productive forces are changing their own roles historically, from 'physical type' to 'intelligence type', from 'agricultural type' to 'agricultural and industrial combined type', constantly changing the internal economic structure of agriculture."

“随着农业内部经济结构的改变,农村原有的知识结构就不相适应了。农民长期以来束缚在单一的知识结构里,沿袭着神农氏就有的农业知识。机械化虽然给他们带来ー些新的东西,但没有根本改变他们板结的知识土壤。过去农业的改革,都限于优良品种的调换,复种面积的增加。农民依靠四大作物创高产致富的希望, 像肥皂泡一年又一年地破灭了。现在农民把致富的希望从农业转向商品生产,他们对知识的渴求也转向了商品生产,但是他们没有条件进行专修。我们充分发挥了全镇680多名外请技工的作用,他们用新的知识、新的文化,医治历史留给农民的'贫血症’。全镇近年又开办经营管理、财会、修配、制图、机械、铸造、电器、塑料 エ艺、铝制品等42个专业培训班140余期,成千上万的农民从板结的土地上站了起来！

"With the change of the internal economic structure of agriculture, the original knowledge structure in rural areas is not suitable. Farmers have been bound in a single knowledge structure for a long time, keeping agricultural knowledge alive since ancient times. Although mechanization has brought them something new, it has not fundamentally changed their knowledge structure. In the past, agricultural reform was limited to the exchange of fine varieties and the increase of sequential cropping area. Farmers' hopes of creating high yields and getting rich by relying on the four major crops have been dashed year after year like soap bubbles. Now farmers have shifted their hope of getting rich from agriculture to commodity production, and their thirst for knowledge has also shifted to commodity production, but they have no conditions to specialize in it. We give full play to the role of more than 680 skilled workers in the town, who draw on new knowledge and new culture to cure farmers' anemia left by history. In recent years, we set up 42 professional training courses in management, accounting, repair, drawing, machinery, casting, electrical appliances, plastic arts and aluminum products with more than 140 sessions in town. Thousands of farmers stood on their feet on the hardened land!"

“干部的组织结构的改变,是最重要的一条。改革首先要改'火车头’,把'蒸汽机’改成'内燃机’。我刚来的时候,全镇大队一级干部,60%以上是土改和合作化时期的老同志,习惯了搞单一农业。这几年我们逐步调整了40多个班子, 改革用人制度,铁饭碗要打破,铁椅子要推倒,把不适应商品生产、只知道’腱朝 外,头朝里,抡起大镰使劲劈’的干部调换下来。时势造就着一代新人,现在是大将出马,元帅开帐,全镇出现了一大批’混世魔王’,把个宁海镇闹得天翻地覆!”

"The change of the organizational structure of cadres is the most important one. First of all, the reform should change "locomotive" and "steam engine" into "internal combustion engine". When I first came to this town, more than 60% of the cadres of the whole town brigade were old comrades who experienced the period of land reform and agricultural cooperative campaign, so they were used to engaging in single agriculture. In recent years, we have gradually adjusted more than 40 teams, reformed the employment system, broke the iron rice bowl, and replaced the cadres who were not suitable for commodity production and only knew agriculture. The times have created a new generation. Now it is generals who go out and marshals who get promotion and a large number of "demons" have appeared in the whole town, turning Ninghai town upside down!"

我惊叹,这一番“结构学”出自一个年轻的农村基层干部之胸!但作为文学, 我需要索取形象。不想他“顺手牵羊”,抬手指指进来送水的林场场长曲松庆说: “他就算ー个……”

I was amazed that this "structuralism" was told by a young rural grassroots cadre! But because of literature, I need to ask for an image. I don't want him to be this character, so I raised his finger and pointed Qu Songqing, the forest farm director who delivered water, and said: "He can be accounted..."

不拘一格

Be Not Limited to One Type

——用人之道一

—The Way to Retain TalentsⅠ

这个经营着几万亩林场的场长的出山（或叫“进山”）是别具一格的。他原是桥子大队的一个社员,谢玉堂第一次听到他的名字是从“片长”汇报中,说这个曲松庆为盖房的事情顶撞大队长,片长去批评他,也被顶了回来。

This director who runs tens of thousands of mu of forest farms took on a government post, which is unique. He used to be a member of Qiaozi Brigade. Xie Yutang first heard his name from the report of the head of region, saying that Qu Songqing contradicted the captain for building a house, and he was contradicted when he criticized Qu.

谢玉堂派人把曲松庆叫了来,这个年纪比镇委书记大的庄户人,带着“官官相护”的成见,在他对面坐下。

Xie Yutang sent someone to call Qu Songqing. This farmer, who is older than the secretary of the town committee, sat down opposite him with the prejudice of "officials protecting each other".

“曲松庆,你知道我叫你来干什么吗?”

"Qu Songqing, do you know what I called you for?"

“知道!”曲松庆心有灵犀一点通。

"Yes!" Qu Songqing understood the meaning tacitly.

“你头上的小角长得还挺硬邦的呀!”

"You are so stubborn!"

“我割的肉在家都放臭了,大队长不让盖,把地基都给扒了 ！”

"The meat I cut stinks at home. The captain won't let me build a house and even remove the foundation!"

“你先把房子停下。”

"You stop building your house first."

“为什么?”

"Why?"

“因为你和大队有矛盾。”

"Because you have conflicts with the brigade."

“当初盖房是党委批准的,现在书记和大队长闹矛盾,把我牵扯进去了,但是没有理由不让我盖房子。我的料都备好了,马上就要到雨季,再说我盖起一幢房也是美化了家乡,美化了祖国……”

"At the beginning, building a house was approved by the Party committee. Now the secretary and the captain have conflicts and I’m also involved, but there is no reason not to let me build a house. My materials are ready, and it is going to be the rainy season soon. Besides, the house that I build can beautify my hometown and my motherland..."

曲松庆不卑不亢地对答着。他那布满血丝的眼睛里,透出一种骨气。

Qu Songqing answered in a neither humble nor arrogant way. In his bloodshot eyes, there was dignity.

“你先回去,等候公社派人去处理。”

"You can go back first and wait for the commune to send someone to deal with it."

“停下不要紧,你什么时候给我解决? ”

"It doesn't matter to stop building my house, but when will you solve it for me?"

“三天之内！”

"In three days!"

曲松庆临走站起来说:“谢书记,当领导的处理问题首先要搞好调查研究。你的批评涉及我曲松庆,对的地方,我马上执行,偏的地方,我得保留意见……”

Qu Songqing stood up before leaving and said, "Secretary Xie, when a leader deals with problems, he must first do a good job of investigation and research. If your criticism involving me is right, I will correct mistakes immediately, but I will have reservations if it is wrong..."

那是一个不软不硬的钉子。

He is like a nail that is neither soft nor hard.

一个月之后,谢玉堂第二次把曲松庆叫到办公室里来了。

A month later, Xie Yutang called Qu Songqing to the office for the second time.

“你找我……有事吧?”曲松庆带有戒备地看着谢玉堂。

"You asked me... for something?" Qu Songqing looked at Xie Yutang with vigilance.

“镇党委决定让你到南山林场担任场长!”

"The town party committee decided to let you go to Nanshan Forest Farm as the director!"

“我……”曲松庆吃惊地瞪大了眼睛,他不敢相信这是真的,“我……行吗?” "Me..." Qu Songqing was in surprise, with eyes wide-open. He couldn't believe it was true. "Am I up to it...?"

在谢玉堂眼里,面前的这个曲松庆已毫不陌生了:他当过生产小队长,他在东 北大兴安岭伐过木,他……谢玉堂似乎并不准备打消曲松庆的疑虑,而是像对一个已经任职多年的林场场长那样说:

For Xie Yutang, Qu Songqing in front of him was no stranger: he worked as a production team leader, he cut wood in Greater Khingan Range, northeast China, and he... Xie Yutang did not seem to dispel Qu Songqing's doubts, but said to him as if Qu was a forest farm director who had served for many years:

“几万亩林场,战线很长,那是全镇人民用血汗把它建起来的,你得明白这个分量。现在就由你来着手组林场的班子!”

"The forest farm covers tens of thousands of mu, which means it takes a long time to finish this task. It was built by the diligent people of the whole town, so you have to understand its importance. Now it is up to you to set up the team for the forest farm!"

当我年底第二次见到这位从土坷垃中拨拉出来的风云林场的场长时（现在他已成为一名宁海镇的共产党人）,他已经以林场为大本营,把事业的触须伸到了四面八方:办起了宁海刺绣厂、宁海第二百货公司、风云金矿、风云羊肉馆、贸易公司、 花木公司、建筑公司、冰库、砖厂、鸡场、客车出租。这个年近半百的人,成了一个大“托拉斯”的董事长。鬼知道他还从哪里弄了一辆黑色的“上海轿子”,进山的客人都用它接送。坐在飞驰的汽车上,你可以感觉得到现代动力正冲击着古老的山区！

When I met the director of Fengyun Forest Farm for the second time at the end of the year (now he has become a Communist in Ninghai Town), he has taken the forest farm as his base camp and extended his business presence to all directions: Ninghai Embroidery Factory, Ninghai No.2 Department Store Company, Fengyun Gold Mine, Fengyun Mutton Restaurant, Trading Company, Flower and Tree Company, Construction Company, Ice Bank, Brick Factory, Chicken Farm and Bus Rental. This person, who is nearly half a century old, has become the chairman of a big "Trust". Who knows where he got a black sedan made in Shanghai, which was used to pick up and drop off guests going to the mountains. Sitting in a speeding car, you can feel the modern power impacting the ancient mountain areas!

好马也吃回头草

A Good Horse Will Also Turn Round to Graze on an Old Pasture

——用人之道二

—The Way to Retain TalentsⅡ

谢玉堂刚上任的时候,杜家瞳是有名的“幸福村” 。所谓幸福,并非丰衣足食之喻,而是领导班子涣散,社员可以任意逍遥。全村几百口子不仅工副业项目没有一个,1981年春谢玉堂带工作组进村时,还带去5000斤救济粮!

When Xie Yutang first took office, DuJiatong was a famous "happy village". The so-called happiness is not a metaphor for ample food and clothing, but a lax leadership team and carefree members. There were none of sideline projects in the village home to hundreds of residents. When Xie Yutang brought the working group into the village in the spring of 1981, he also brought 2,500 kg of relief food!

老支书胡风洲和能说会道的大队长孔庆富尿不到ー个壶里,而过去来驻点的 干部们,大都倾向于老支书（人们惯于对“老”有感情）,而把孔庆富说得一无是处。

Hu Fengzhou, the old branch secretary, and Kong Qingfu, the eloquent captain, had different opinions. However, most of the cadres who came to the station in the past tended to support the old branch secretary (people are used to having feelings for the old), and regarded Kong Qingfu good for nothing.

为了维护领导班子的统一,谢玉堂把孔庆富的大队长职务撤掉了。

In order to maintain the unity of the leadership team, Xie Yutang removed Kong Qingfu as the captain.

孔庆富跑“单帮”去了,到南乡涝夼大队的果酒厂当供销员。

Kong Qingfu then became a self-employed businessman and worked as a supply and marketing staff in the fruit winery of Nanxiang Laokuang Brigade.

涝夼大队支书张培清,也是胶东半岛上一名豪杰。他利用昆布山天然泉水资源办起了果酒厂,出产的枣酒、桃酒闻名遐迩。

Zhang Peiqing, the branch secretary of Laokuang Brigade, is also an outstanding talent on Jiaodong Peninsula. He used the natural spring water resources of Khumbu Mountain to set up a fruit winery, producing famous jujube wine and peach wine.

孔庆富的“能说会道”成了发展商品生产的优势,他懂信息,会核算,能交往, 每到一处都能很快地打开局面。

Kong Qingfu's eloquence has become an advantage in developing commodity production. He knows information, calculation and communication well, and can quickly solve problems everywhere.

1982年2月,谢玉堂托人捎信让孔庆富回来。

In February 1982, Xie Yutang sent a message to let Kong Qingfu come back.

“你找我?”孔庆富心里忐忑不安。在他被撤之后,曾大大地散布了一番对镇委书记的不满。

"What happened?" Kong Qingfu felt uneasy. After his dismissal, he showed his discontent twith the secretary of the town committee to many people.

“我撤了你的大队长,你知道是为什么吧?”

"I dismissed you from your office. Do you know why?"

“知道,我欺负胡风洲!”

"Yes, I can’t cooperate with Hu Fengzhou!"

“你下台以后有什么感想?”

"How did you feel after you stepped down?"

“挺苦闷的。我年轻力壮,想干一番事业……我想党委撤了我,这辈子不会再用我了！”

"I was depressed. I am young and strong, and I want to make contributions... I think the party committee has withdrawn me and will not hire me again in my life!"

“你对村里的工作有什么想法?”

"What do you think of the work in the village?"

“俺这个村……我干比他们干好。”

"This village... I can do better than them."

“你们那个’幸福村‘穷成那个样子,你有什么施政纲领?”孔庆富丢掉了拘束, 对着镇委书记念开了“商品经”:上建筑、上翻砂、上果酒……果然头头是道,高人一筹。

"Your 'happy village' is poor. What policies do you have?" Kong Qingfu felt at home and talked about his opinions and experience about commodity to the secretary of the town committee: buildings, casting technique and fruit wine... Without doubt, he was better than others.

谢玉堂说:“党委研究一下,你准备当个工业大队长。我给你厂房,再给你一部分资金,先把果酒厂办起来,你们村还是商品生产的空白……”

Xie Yutang said: "The party committee has studied it, and you are going to be a captain managing an industry. I will give you factory buildings, and then give you some funds. First, the fruit winery should be set up, because your village doesn’t have any commodity production..."

一个月之后,杜家瞳村果酒厂就酿出了第一批果酒,一口大缸飘溢着醇香。镇党委成员应邀去品酒,谢玉堂酒未沾唇,先已感到了甜意。

A month later, Du Village Fruit Winery produced the first batch of fruit wine, and the vat was full of mellow fragrance. Members of the town party Committee were invited to taste wine, and Xie Yutang had felt sweet before the wine touched his lips.

姜是小的辣

The Younger, The Wiser

——用人之道三

—The Way to Retain Talents Ⅲ

1982年春节前,谢玉堂坐孔家疃大队的吉普车去海阳开会。路上,司机说:

Before the Spring Festival in 1982, Xie Yutang went to Haiyang for a meeting in the jeep of Kong Brigade. On the way, the driver said:

“谢书记,我给你推荐一个人吧。”

"Secretary Xie, let me recommend someone to you."

"谁?”

"Who?"

“王家疃标准件厂的厂长王荣团。你要起用了他,王家疃就有希望了！”

"Wang Rongtuan, director of Wang Standard Parts Factory. If you appoint him to a job, there will be an opportunity for Wang village to be prosperous!"

“你这么熟悉他?”

"You know him so well?"

“他是我小舅子!”

"He is my brother-in-law!"

这位司机还真有点“内举不避亲”的古人风。

This driver was really a bit of an ancient style of "recommending talents even if they are his relatives".

对于求贤若渴的谢玉堂来说,这信息的价值不可估量,因为逐渐落后于形势的王家疃,正需要一个得力的接班人。

For Xie Yutang, who was thirsty for talents, the value of this information was immeasurable, because Wang village overtaken by events needed an effective successor.

从海阳回来,谢玉堂就迫不及待地去了王家疃标准件厂。年轻的厂长站在冲压床前冲压着螺栓,他那宽厚的肩膀,似乎在等待着历史交给他的新使命。

After returning from Haiyang, Xie Yutang couldn't wait to go to Wang Standard Parts Factory. The young factory director stood in front of the stamping press and stamped bolts. His broad shoulders seemed to be waiting for the new mission given to him by history.

这果然是个难得的能人。开始,他一个人管着大队的扬水站,守着一台柴油机,他不满足于这种赋闲的营生,建议大队利用柴油机办个磨坊,一举两得。

This was really a rare capable person. At first, he personally took charge of the pumping station of the brigade and guarded a diesel engine. He was not satisfied with this idle business, so he suggested that the brigade use the diesel engine to run a mill.

磨坊办起来了,他见市场上缺螺栓,就去买了一块45号钢,用钻头钻上眼,再用钢铿加工,做了一个模具,再加上一把铁锤,一个星期就出了第一批产品。附近的丝绸厂听说了,一下子全买了去。一个模具、一柄锤子,一天竟能挣到4块钱,而 当时队上的工值是8角。

When the mill was set up, he saw that there was a shortage of bolts in the market, so he bought a piece of No.45 steel, drilled a hole with a drill, processed it with a steel file, made a mold and a hammer, then the first batch of products came out in a week. Workers in a nearby silk factory heard about it and bought it all at once. A mold and a hammer can help Wang earn 4 yuan a day, while the salary on the team at that time was 8 cents.

眼前的标准件厂成为拥有成套设备和200多人的颇具规模的工厂了,它的产品已经打到8个省,收入占全队总收入的80%以上。可是,王荣团还不是党员!而支部5个委员都靠在农业上。

At present, the Standard Parts Factory has become a large-scale factory with complete sets of equipment and more than 200 people. Its products have reached 8 provinces, and its income accounts for more than 80% of the total income of the whole team. However, Wang Rongtuan is not a party member yet! The five members of the branch all rely on agriculture.

新时期要什么样的共产党员?我们用什么样的新鲜血液充实党的基层队伍? 经济工作搞不上去能不能算个好支部?年轻的镇委书记在深思。

What kind of Communist Party members do we want in the new period? What kind of fresh blood do we want to enrich the grass-roots ranks of the Party? Can we count a branch as a good one if it has bad economy? The young secretary of the town committee is thinking deeply.

任何一种结构的改革,都不是一帆风顺的,谢玉堂遇到了历史因袭下来的强大惯性。

The reform of any kind of structure is not easy. Xie Yutang has encountered a rooted problem left by history.

8年前,王荣团向党支部递上了第一份申请书,到现在加起来8次申请、6次填表,党支部还要对他再考验,因为他“太年轻” !

Eight years ago, Wang Rongtuan handed the first application to the Party branch. Up to now, he has applied for eight times and filled out six times, but the Party branch still tests him again because he is too young!

年近花甲的老支书王应运,是城关一带拔尖的好书记,执行政策从来不走样。 他资历长,辈又大,村里人都敬仰他。他看不惯王荣团这个“孙子辈”的一些做法。 他认为他走的是“白专道路”。有人来厂里联系业务,留下吃饭,老书记得知必说: “不行,咱不能搞不正之风!”去东北买车床,要带点花生米,老书记ー摆手:“不批!”两个人碰碰磕磕的,少不了冒点火星。

Wang Yingyun, an old branch secretary who was nearly 60 years old, was a top-notch secretary of Chengguan, and implemented policies adamantly. He had high seniority, so villagers admired him. He didn't like the practices of Wang Rongtuan, who was so young that he could even be his grandpa. He thought Wang only paid attention to scholar studies but ignored politics. Someone came to the factory to contact the business and stay for dinner. If the old secretary knew it, he must say: "No, this is dishonest practice!" When they went to the northeast to buy lathes, they want to bring some peanuts. But the old secretary waved his hand: "It is not approved!" These Two people usually had contradictions.

在王应运眼里,王荣团是一只“刺猬”,丢了舍不得,捧着扎得慌。他是王家疃的“财神爷”，1981年支部给他定额12万,他咬咬牙干出个20万! 1982年给他定了24万,他一下子干了35万！1983年定了40万,他要创到55万！

For Wang Yingyun, Wang Rongtuan was a hedgehog. He was reluctant to abandon him, but he was upset if he retained Wang Rongtuan. He was the "God of Wealth" of Wangjiatong. In 1981, the branch gave him a quota of 120,000, he gritted his teeth and earned 200,000 yuan! In 1982, the quota were 240,000 yuan, but he earned 350,000 yuan at once! In 1983, the goal was 400,000 yuan, but he wanted to hit 550,000 yuan!

王荣团像个腾空而起的风筝,扶摇直上九重霄,老支书手中那一缕细线随时都有崩断的可能！

Wang Rongtuan, like a kite soaring into the sky, flew high, and the thin line in the hands of the old branch secretary could break at any time!

老支书向工厂派去一个“党代表”——一位离休的老党员王典乐,起个“监督” 作用。不想“党代表”干了两年,竟和王荣团“通同作弊”。谢玉堂去调查时,“党代表”说:“谢书记,我站在党的立场上说句话,王家疃要得好,非得王荣团来干书记!”

The old branch secretary sent a "party representative", Wang Dianle, a retired old party member, to the factory to supervise Wang. However, the party representative who worked only two years "colluded" with Wang Rongtuan. When Xie Yutang went to investigate, the party representative said: "Secretary Xie, I want to stand on the party's position and say something. Wang Rongtuan has to be the secretary, if we want Wangjiatong to be better!"


老支书闻风而动:“谁解决王荣团的组织问题,我官司打到中央!”

The old branch secretary acted without delay upon hearing this: "If anyone solve the organizational problem of Wang Rongtuan, I will file a lawsuit in the central government!"

谢玉堂一次次找王应运促膝长谈。

Xie Yutang had a long talk with Wang Yingyun again and again.

无效。

But he failed.

就在这时,王荣团摆了挑子。

At that moment, Wang Rongtuan gave in.

正值各村向镇里呈报1983年生产计划,老书记战战兢兢地去报了个78万,而镇里要求他们拿到120万。

When every village reported the 1983 production plan to the town, the old secretary reported 780,000 yuan with trepidation, but the town asked them to earn 1.2 million.

王荣团要是一直把挑子擂下去,78万也保不住呀！老支书嘴上起了燎泡,他硬着头皮走进了王荣团的家门,对这个“孙子辈”说:

If Wang Rongtuan continue to stop working, he can't even reach the goal of 780,000 yuan! The old branch secretary was anxious, so he bit the bullet, walked into Wang Rongtuan's house and said:

“你的组织问题,支部早在考虑……”

"The branch has long considered your organizational problems..."

王荣团把腿一伸:“我不是为‘组织‘不干。我是一个群众,没有那么大的能力再干下去了,标准件厂那么大的’西瓜’,支部不应该去捡起来?”

Wang Rongtuan stretched out his leg: "I stopped working not because I’m not enrolled in the Communist Party pf China. I am a mass, and I don't have so much ability to go on. Should the large-scale Standard Parts Factory not be managed by the branch?"

老支书被噎住了。他万万没有想到,他掉进了这位年轻共产党人的“圈套”之中。这一切,也包括王荣团的“台词”,都是镇委书记一手导演出来的。

He was speechless. He never imagined that he fell into the trap of the young Communist. All this, including Wang Rongtuan's lines, were directed by the secretary of the town committee.

这也算“斗争艺术”——狡猾狡猾的！

This is also a cunning "art of conflicts"!

“孙子辈”治住了“爷爷辈”！

The "Grandson" won the victory!

王家疃的这场斗争并没有因此停止,他和后面的故事连接到了一起。

The conflict in Wang village did not be solved. It was connected with the following stories.

论资排辈

Assign a Job in Accordance with Qualifications And Seniority

——用人之道四

—The Way to Retain TalentsⅣ

幼年的时候,我把那相距二里之遥的东油坊看成是“天府之国”。他们在全县第一个办起了农业合作社,第一个小麦亩产过千斤,第一个日工值达到1元。他们种植的大蒜创过亩产一万二千斤的记录。那是一片富庶之地,是人间乐土!东油坊找的媳妇,都是百里挑一的!

When I was young, I regarded Dongyoufang, which was two miles away, as a "land of abundance". It was the first to set up an agricultural cooperative in the county, have wheat yield exceeding 500 kg per mu, and reach 1 yuan of salary per day. The garlic they planted has reached a record of 12,000 jin per mu. It was a land with abundant resources and a paradise on earth! Daughters-in-law found in Dongyoufang were all one in a thousand!

这个村因有一座古老的油坊而得名。那古老的油锤声虽然早已消失在历史深处,但是,古朴的村风却世代延续下来。至今,这个村里的人不赶集,不站街头,不大吃大喝,有了钱攒起来,包一层裹一层,再套上一把锁。搞传统农业,谁也搞不过他们,从中华人民共和国成立以来他们就在全县遥遥领先,各村的土墙上大都写着 这样的标语:“学路线,狠抓纲,坚决超过东油坊!”

This village was named after an ancient oil mill. Although the ancient sound of oil hammer has long disappeared in the depths of history, the simple village style has continued from generation to generation. Up to now, people in this village don't go to the market, stand on the streets, squander money. When they have money, they save it, wrap it in layers, and put on a lock. No one can beat them in traditional agriculture. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, they have been far ahead in the county. Most of the earth walls of villages were written with such slogans: "Learn the line, pay close attention to guiding principles, and resolutely surpass Dongyoufang!"

东油坊人心里有谱,摆弄土坷垃,够你们赶一气的！

People in Dongyoufang knew the score. Regarding to land, it was hard for them to catch up!

可是,后面的人坐着汽车撵上来了——

However, people lagging behind caught up in a car.

孔家疃书记曲培萱,有一天乘坐吉普车到东油坊办事,东油坊老支书曲廷璞看了略眼,一见到谢玉堂就叨叨:“你说他年轻轻的,不是摆谱吗?挣了两个钱烧的!”谢玉堂说:“不是他’变’了,是你应该适应新形势了 ！”

Qu Peixuan, secretary of Kong village, took a jeep to work in Dongyoufang one day. Qu Tingpu, the old branch secretary of Dongyoufang, was annoyed when he saw the jeep. When he saw Xie Yutang, he said, "Qu Peixuan is young, and it seems he is showing off when he sits in a jeep. His money burns a hole in his pocket!" Xie Yutang said: "It is not that he has changed, but that you should adapt to the new situation!"

曲廷璞心里不着实,又和本村社员叨叨:“过去的干部,连自行车都不骑,现在 有些年轻人坐着吉普到处颠,他们怎个看法?”一个社员当即回答他:“人家书记坐 汽车,社员跟着拿坐汽车的钱！咱的书记坐牛车,咱就跟着挣个牛车钱。俺巴不得你去坐飞机,跟着你挣坐飞机的钱哪个不高兴?”

Qu Tingpu was uneasy, so he talked with his village members: "In the past, cadres didn't even ride bicycles. Now some young people are sitting around in jeeps. What do they think?" A member immediately answered him: "Their secretary takes the car, and the members earn the money of taking the car! Our secretary takes an ox cart, so we earn the money of taking an ox cart. I wish you would take the plane, and which one is unhappy to earn the money of taking the plane with you?"

曲廷璞被震动了！不久,又一件事更震动了他:镇党委组织全体支部书记、大队长巡回参观。去了西关,去了新牟,去了王家疃,去了孔家疃,唯独把东油坊隔过去了。曲廷璞当时正住院,听了以后心里难受啊。5尺长的汉子,入党30多年,让人“绕”过去了!（这又是镇委书记的激将法之一）他若在场,真要找块石头碰死!

Qu Tingpu was amazed! Soon, another thing shocked him even more: the town party committee organized visits for all the branch secretaries and captains. They visited Xiguan, Xinmou, Wang village and Kong village, but only ignored Dongyoufang. Qu Tingpu was in hospital at that time, and he felt uncomfortable after listening to it. A man who had joined the party for more than 30 years, was ignored! (This was reverse psychology of the secretary of the town committee.) If he had been there, he might have struck his head against a stone!

谢玉堂到医院来看他,安慰他:“你好好养病,让你干20年!”镇委书记知道他的心病,给他吃“宽心丸”。

Xie Yutang came to the hospital to see him and comforted him: "You should take good care of your health and I will let you work for 20 years!" Knowing his worries, the secretary of the town committee gave him a "relief pill".

他已当了16年支书,想巴结着凑个整数——20年（前一任支部书记曲维模任职也是20年）。可是他一出院,谢玉堂就上门让他考虑接班人的问题,好像忘了在医院的许诺。

He had been a branch secretary for 16 years, and wanted to make up a round number of 20 years (Qu Weimo, the former branch secretary, also served for 20 years). However, when he was discharged from hospital, Xie Yutang came to ask him to consider the successor, as if he had forgotten his promise in the hospital.

曲廷璞摇摇头:“我这几年培养了4个,一个好仔儿也没有!”

Qu Tingpu shook his head: "I have trained 4 in recent years, but there are no appropriate successor!"

“孔祥烈怎么样?他行不行?”

"How about Kong Xianglie? Can he do it?"

“不行！他的外号叫滑石猴!”

"No way! His nickname is talc monkey (Folk stone carvers in Yechen County have been using traditional techniques to carve small monkey-shaped objects from scraps)!"


“人无外号不发,孙悟空不是石猴出世吗?能七十二变、大闹天宫翻龙府,正好。他搞农业能那么专,搞工业也能专上去!”孔祥烈是当地有名的粮食专家,虽然不算年轻,可是个灵通人。他在一亩地里种出过1740斤玉米。莱阳县杨家庄请他去“指导”,他不用对方开口,就能说出小麦的品种;看看分蘖,就能说出某月某日播的种,这使杨家庄的人大为震惊。他过去不懂工业,学了七天“七大管理”“八大指标”,一下子考了98分！他是个识时务者！

"People don't have nicknames. Isn't the Monkey King a monkey born from a stone? It can got 72 transformations and make a fuss in Heaven and Dragon Palace of the Eastern Sea. He is so specialized in agriculture, so he can also specialize in business!" Kong Xianglie is a famous local food expert. Although he is not young, he is a well-informed person. He planted 870 kg of corn in one mu of land. People in Yangjiazhuang, Laiyang County asked him to guide them in the sector of agriculture. He can tell the variety of wheat before others told him and he can tell the seeds sown on a certain day of the month after he saw tillers, which shocked the people in Yangjiazhuang. He didn't know anything about business in the past. He studied seven management methods and eight indicators for seven days, however, he scored 98 points at once! He is a man recognizing current trends!

“不行,把权交给他我不放心!”曲廷璞坚持着。

"No, I’m worried to give him the right!" Qu Tingpu insisted.

这场辩论一直持续到1983年12月20日,全镇1700名共产党员,集中在当年 八路军的根据地嵎峡河大队,进行一年一度的党员整风学习,并进行支部改选。谢玉堂把曲廷璞、王应运,还有嵎峡河的老书记孙承善和王贺庄的老书记王顺成召集到一起。他们是宁海镇的四个元老,他们的身上带着农村工作的每一个历史时期——土改、合作化、“学大寨”、“文化大革命”……现在他们围着火炉子,听年轻的镇委书记讲古:

This debate lasted until December 20, 1983. 1700 Communist Party members in the whole town, assembled in the Yuxiahe Brigade, the base area of the Eighth Route Army, conducted the annual rectification study of Party members and re-elected their branch members. Xie Yutang brought Qu Tingpu, Wang Yingyun, Sun Chengshan, the old secretary of Yuxiahe Brigade, and Wang Shuncheng, the old secretary of Wang Hezhuang together. They were the four elders of Ninghai Town. They have experienced every historical period of work in rural areas, namely, land reform, cooperative transformation, learning from Dazhai in agriculture and Cultural Revolution... Now they are around the stove and listen to the young secretary of the town committee talking about stories:

“刘邦起用韩信而兴汉,韩信年轻的时候,还钻过人家的胯裆;大将周勃是吹鼓手出身;樊哙是杀狗的,相当于咱食品公司的‘杀巴子’;陈平出身贫寒;萧何原来也只是个文书差事;刘邦也不过是‘片长’,十里亭长嘛！用人用其长,用其识,用其才……”讲到半截,谢玉堂出去接电话去了,曲廷璞对着三个老伙伴把拳头一攥、一伸,左右摆了摆,三个老伙伴立时理解了它的含义,那是他们几十年为之奋斗,付出了多少汗水和心血的东西,他们也从那里得到过骄傲和尊严。“这东西不能丢啊!”曲廷璞用强化的语气说。

"Han Xin served Liu Bang so the Han dynasty became prosperous. When Han Xin was young, he even crawled through between others’ legs. General Bo Zhou was a trumpeter at first. Fan Kuai was a dog killer, which is equivalent to our food company's' butcher. Chen Ping was born in poverty. Xiao He turned out to be just a clerk. Liu Bang was a village headman! When we hire others, we need to find their strengths, knowledge and talents..." Before he finished his speech, Xie went out to answer the phone. Qu Tingpu clenched his fist, stretched it and swung it left and right to his three old partners. They immediately understood the meaning of the posture. They had fought for their job for decades by the sweat of their brow. They also got pride and dignity from it. "This can't be lost!" Qu Tingpu said in an intensified tone.

谢玉堂又回过头来逐个谈心……这一夜,在这个小小的山庄里,老一代共产党人和年轻的共产党人都失眠了。

Xie Yutang turned around and talked with them one by one... That night, in this small village, the older generation of communists and the young communists couldn’t fall asleep.

第二天,曲廷璞早饭也没吃得下,不过,他的话倒是表达了四位“元老”的心 声:“我要是犯了错误下去,摔我南墙上没意见,可我没犯错误!我知道车子转弯时要甩下一些人。我18岁当兵,跟党干了这么多年,从来没甩下去过。30年啦,我不想离开,心里难受——可是我听党委的……”

The next day, Qu Tingpu didn’t want to eat breakfast. However, he really put the thoughts of the four elders into words: "If I make a mistake, it's okay to fire me, but I didn't make a mistake! I know that some people will be left behind when a car turns. I became a soldier at the age of 18 and I worked with the Party for so many years and have never been dumped. I have worked for 30 years, so I don't want to leave. I feel uncomfortable, but I will adhere to the directions of the party committee... "

宁海镇的共产党人永远忘不了四个老书记向昨天告别的那一刻。主席台上, 党旗高悬,金匾夺目——那匾额金字是镇委书记亲笔题写的:“为革命立功,德高望重;为四化让贤,壮志不已。”四名即将离位的老同志,端坐在主席台上,下面坐着宁海镇的一千多名共产党员,他们默默对望。

Communists in Ninghai Town will never forget the moment when the four old secretaries bid farewell to yesterday. On the rostrum, the party flag hung high and the gold plaque was dazzling. The gold characters of the plaque were personally inscribed by the secretary of the town Committee: "Making contributions to the revolution, you will be highly respected; Making way for the Four Modernizations, ambition will not be reduced." Four old comrades who were about to leave their posts were sitting on the rostrum, with more than 1,000 Communist Party members in Ninghai Town sitting below and looking at them silently.

静极了!只有时间不停地越过空间。

It was so quiet! Only time was flowing.

“……同志们,我们年轻的共产党员,一定要以这四个老同志为榜样,带领群众在经济建设中,把宁海镇的新局面开创下去。任何时候,傲不长,欲不纵,乐不极,志不满,团结一致,奋发向前,用我们的双手,把宁海镇建设成一个富饶的宁海,美丽的宁海,强大的宁海。我们的目的一定要达到,也一定能够达到!胜利既然属于党,属于人民,当然也属于我们——宁海镇的共产党员们！”

"… Comrades, our young Communist Party members must follow the example of these four old comrades and lead the masses to create a new situation in Ninghai Town in economic construction. At any time, you should not be arrogant, frivolous, greedy and unambitious. Instead, we should unite together, work hard, and use our hands to build Ninghai Town into a rich, beautiful and powerful town. Our goal should be achieved, and must be achieved! Since victory belongs to the Party and the people, it certainly belongs to us, the Communist Party members in Ninghai Town!"

镇委书记谢玉堂致辞完毕,四位“元老”手捧金匾,在他们各自的接班人搀扶 下——王荣团扶着王应运,王可勇扶着王承善,孙祥烈扶着曲廷璞,王忠武扶着王 顺成——向台下走去。他们是戴着红花走下历史的舞台的！

After Xie Yutang, secretary of the town committee, delivered his speech, four elders holding the golden plaque walked off the stage with the help of their respective successors. Wang Rongtuan supported Wang Yingyun; Wang Keyong supported Wang Chengshan; Sun Xianglie supported Qu Tingpu, and Wang Zhongwu supported Wang Shuncheng. They walked off the stage of history with red flowers!

全场起立,向这庄严的场面报以泪水和掌声！

The audience stood up and responded to this solemn scene with tears and applause!

至此,宁海镇的共产党人更新了他战车上的每一根大轴、每一个齿轮。

At this point, the Communists in Ninghai Town updated every big shaft and every gear on their chariot.

第七章敬礼!西关文化

Chapter 7 Salute! Xiguan Culture

西关公园及西关人

Xiguan Park and Residents in Xiguan

——向旧文化告别

—Say Goodbye to the Old Culture

若是亲爱的读者对这漫长的旅行已感到了疲惫,我们不妨拐进中国农民兴建的第一座农村公园,稍事休憩,看一看“西关文化”。

If dear readers are tired of this long journey, we might as well go to the first rural park built by Chinese farmers, have a rest and look at the Xiguan Culture.

文明来到了西关这片古老的土地上。公园里经常举行各种各样的农民舞会、农民歌咏会、农民运动会。1984年春节的运动会上,党支部书记李德海连拿200米田径冠军、象棋冠军、举重冠军。出奇的是观看运动会的社员也得奖品,“以资鼓励”,那是为了冲击一下“蹦蹦跳跳何不去抡镰头”的旧观念。

Civilization came to Xiguan, an ancient land. Various farmer dance parties, farmer singing meetings and farmer sports meetings are often held in the park. At the Spring Festival sports game in 1984, Li Dehai, secretary of the Party branch, won the 200-meter dash, chess and weightlifting champion. Surprisingly, the members who watched the sports game also got prizes as encouragement, which was to influence the old idea of "why not swing the sickle when you are jumping".

走出公园,穿过宽阔的“文化路”,绕过机声隆隆的“十大企业”,让我们再去看看西关大队的奶牛场,成群的奶牛每天挤出一桶桶的鲜奶,西关人提着暖瓶来把牛奶打回家去,代替以前的高粱糊糊。西关人在改变着食品结构,讲究吃的文化。他们讲究的不是油水,而是口味。讲氨基酸、维生素、高蛋白。母亲和妻子不必在一个锅里做两样饭,把一家人的饭食分成等级,也不必偶尔吃一顿好饭而回避着街坊邻居,因之产生“好饭不怕晚”的俚语,更不会有老观念中的“偷嘴媳妇”。村中心的西关饭庄里有高级厨师和各种山珍海味,社员在家中只要拿起电话,红彤彤的烧对虾、亮晶晶的扒海参、白生生的芙蓉干贝、香喷喷的松鼠鱼,会按时给送上门。打开精制的酒柜,你会看到精装的茅台和罐装的青岛啤酒,餐室里配置有带转盘的餐桌,上面经常摆着北京烤鸭和火锅涮海珍。

Walking out of the park, crossing the wide cultural road and bypassing the Top Ten Enterprises with rumbling machines, we can see the dairy farm of Xiguan Brigade again. People in Xiguan milk groups of cows every day, and they carry thermos flasks to take the milk home to replace sorghum paste. Xiguan people are changing the food structure and paying attention to the culture of eating. What they pay attention to is not grease, but flavour. They care about amino acids, vitamins and high protein. Mother and wife don't have to cook two kinds of dishes in one pot to divide the family's meals into grades. You don't have to avoid your neighbors when eating a good meal occasionally. As a result, the slang of "good things come to those who wait" comes into being, and there will absolutely be no wife sneaking a taste of food in the old concept. There are senior chefs and various delicacies in Xiguan Restaurant in the center of Zicun Village. Members only need to pick up the phone at home, and red roasted prawns, sparkling sea cucumbers, white scallops and delicious yellow croakers will be delivered to their homes on time. If you open the refined wine cabinet, you will see Maotai with good package and canned Tsingtao Beer. The dining room is equipped with a dining table with a turntable, on which Beijing roast duck and seafood hot pot are often placed.

我们不妨再看一看西关人住的文化。第一代住房是茅草屋,那也许是人类从原始的进化期就有的——木窗棂,土打墙,又低又矮,这模式一直延续到“文革”后期还屡见不鲜。第二代住房是李德海就任大队支书后由大队统一规划的砖瓦平房,一户三间,对面锅台对面炕,独门小院,也颇宽敞幽静。第三代住房是三中全会后兴建起来的。电灯电话,楼上楼下,却有别于城市里的单元公寓——每家都有个小院,建筑面积110平方米。有带晒箱的洗澡间,有瓷砖壁的厨房,有宽敞明亮的客厅和餐室。厨房里用的是煤气炉——大队有自己的煤气站。现在不必再贴灶王爷——习惯和观念都是生活造成的,改造它也靠生活本身。如今富足的西关人也有闲情厕身于艺术,把漂亮的影星请到宽敞的家里来做客,她们有张瑜、陈冲、丛 珊、刘晓庆、张金玲——当然,现在还仅限于她们的剧照,好客的主人等待着有一天 她们能从银幕上走下来,坐进他们这布满红木家具的第三代“农舍”。不,等她们到来的时候,西关人的第四代住房已经竣工,那是别墅式的小楼,它的建筑面积达200平方米,其规格、样式、造价都足以和那些“将军楼”“专员楼”媲美。而在这楼房里生活的老人们,将和国家职工一样地享受退休金,每月60元,外加“工龄补贴”。西关人的“工龄”,是从三中全会召开的1978年开始计算,这是耐人寻味的。

We might as well look at the culture of the living conditions for Xiguan people again. The first generation of these residents lived in thatched cottages with wood panels and low earth wall that human beings have had this pattern since their primitive evolution period. It was widespread until the late Cultural Revolution. The second-generation housing was a brick bungalow planned by the brigade after Li Dehai took office as the branch secretary of the brigade. It had three rooms, and the kitchen was in the opposite of the heatable brick bed. It also had a small courtyard with one door, quite spacious and quiet. The third generation housing was built after the Third Plenary Session. There were lights and telephones upstairs and downstairs, which were different from the unit apartment in the city. Each family had a small courtyard with a building area of 110 square meters. There were bathrooms with a dryer, kitchens with ceramic walls, spacious and bright living rooms and dining rooms. In the kitchen was a gas stove, because the brigade had its own gas station. Now there is no need to stick the picture of the Kitchen God. Habits and ideas are caused by life, and they depend on life itself to transform them. Nowadays, wealthy Xiguan people also have free time to enjoy art. They invite beautiful movie stars, including Zhang Yu, Chen Chong, Cong Shan, Liu Xiaoqing and Zhang Jinling, to be guests in their spacious homes. Of course, these are only stage photos. Hospitable hosts are waiting for their arrival in their third generation "farmhouse" full of mahogany furniture from the screen one day. No, when they arrive, the fourth generation housing of Xiguan people had been completed. It was a villa-style small building with a building area of 200 square meters, and its specifications, styles and cost will be comparable to those of "General Building" and "Commissioner Building". The old people living in this building will enjoy pension of 60 yuan per month and wage for seniority in the same way as the national employees. It is intriguing that the seniority of Xiguan people began to be calculated in 1978 when the Third Plenary Session was held.

西关人在创造着崭新的西关文化,这是和物质文明相伴而来的精神文明。他们把自己生活的地方整个儿变成了一个大花园。

Xiguan people are creating a brand-new Xiguan culture, which is a spiritual civilization accompanied by material civilization. They turned the whole place where they lived into a big garden.

“西关文化”的创造,不能不追溯到最初滚动起“锈蚀的车圈”的人——党支部书记李德海。当党中央在三中全会上向全党发出新的指令,许多人还在互相询问“什么？刚才喊的是什么”的时候,李德海已经迎着发令枪的啸音弹跳了出去,成 为胶东改革“鱼肚白”时的一颗启明星!他利用巩固的集体经济,一下子转入了大工业,创造了一个又一个的胶东之最——最早达到人均分配1000元,最早实现电视村,最早在村里设了电话总机,最早修起农民公园,最早办起农民中等专科学校……现代化像个活蹦乱跳的怪物,猛烈地冲击着古朴的传统!

The creation of Xiguan Culture must be traced back to Li Dehai, secretary of the Party branch, who first rolled up the "rusty car circle". When the CPC Central Committee issued new instructions to the whole party at the Third Plenary Session, many people were still asking each other, "What? What are these instructions?". But Li Dehai had bounced out against the whistling sound of the starting gun and became a star of Jiaodong's new reform! Taking advantage of the consolidated collective economy, he suddenly transferred to the big business, contributing the most to Jiaodong. Jiangdong was the first village where the distribution money was 1000 yuan per person, the first to have TV, the first to set up a telephone switchboard, the first to build a farmer park, and the first to set up a farmer secondary college... Modernization is like a living monster, violently impacting the quaint tradition!

李德海语录

Quotations from Li Dehai

——向老皇历告别

—Say Goodbye to the Old Chinese Almanac

老皇历说:“正其义,不谋其利。君子谋道不谋食。”

The old Chinese almanac said: "Everything is done for the sake of justice and not for personal gain. A gentleman pursuits Tao rather than food."

李德海对经济学家薛暮桥说:

Li Dehai told economist Xue Muqiao:

“‘大锅饭’”与社会主义,挫伤了群众的积极性。不是‘我要干’,而是‘要我干’, 离开干部的眼就耍熊。那时候都觉着干部难当,群众不好领导,但却找不到病根。三中全会以后,群众有了干劲。为什么？这是:人叫人干人不干,政策调动一大片。

"Food prepared in a large canteen and socialism have dampened the enthusiasm of the masses. It's not 'I want to do it', but 'I am asked to do it'. If they leave cadres, they will act timidly. At that time, we all felt that it was difficult to be a cadre and lead the masses, but we could not find the answer. After the Third Plenary Session, the masses are active. Why? The conclusion is: people are reluctant when they are asked by other people, but policies can mobilize a large number of them."

“从分配制度上我们是自负盈亏,应当说这是个好饭碗,但不是铁的,不好好干,碗里就没有东西,干得好,收入还不少于国家干部。所以,我们的生产积极性和服务态度可以比国营企业好。再一个,我们‘船小掉头快’,办事自己说了算。官不论大小,说了算就好。不用‘商议商议’‘研究研究’,搞公文旅行。有了这两条,再好好地研究市场,研究消费者需要什么,拾漏补缺,发挥自己的优势……”

"From the distribution system, we are responsible for our own profits and losses. It should be said that this is a good rice bowl, but it is not an iron one. If we don't do well, there will be nothing in the bowl. If we do well, our income will not be less than that of national cadres. Therefore, our production enthusiasm and service attitude can be better than those of state-owned enterprises. Besides, we "turn around quickly because our ship is small", so we have the final say when dealing with things. It’s good for officials, big or small, to have the final say. We don’t have to ‘negotiate’ or ’study’ with others, leading to tedious and time-consuming process of files and documents. With these two advantages, we will further study the market well, study what consumers need, find out our mistakes, make up for them, and give full play to our own advantages..."

老皇历说:“知识分子是臭老九……”

The old Chinese almanac said: "Intellectuals are Stinking Old Ninth (ten "castes" of Chinese: bureaucrats, officials, Buddhist monks, Taoist priests, physicians, workers, hunters, prostitutes, (ninth) Confucian scholars and finally beggars)..."

李德海对某组织部长说:

Li Dehai said to an organization minister:

“诸葛亮活了56岁,就是不能用人,一个人干,累死了。用兵就是用人,企业管理的核心就是管人,所以我的责任就是管人。管好这个生产力的‘最关键因素’。……官僚主义不爱惜人才,他需要奴才!经营一个企业,必须能拿到利润。靠拼体力,顶多能使利润慢慢地增长,而人才是‘核反应堆’,使利润成倍增长。

"Zhuge Liang lived 56 years old, but he didn’t know how to find others’ potential, so he was tired to death. To use military forces is to employ talented people, and the core of enterprise management is to manage people, so my responsibility is to manage people. Managing this "most critical factor" in production... Bureaucracy doesn't care for talents, but needs sycophants! To run a business, you must be able to get profits. With labour, profits can grow slowly at best, while talents are "nuclear reactors", which can multiply profits.

“管好人首先要责任明确。这要有两条保证:政治权力务实,经济利益直接。共产主义时代人们以最高的觉悟代替责任制,到那时应干的,没人不让干,有人不让干,我也要干,不应该给的没人给,有人给我也不要。这就是共产主义觉悟。过去的政治工作,整天翻档案,现在的政治工作,要转向为经济工作服务……

"Managing people well must first require clear responsibilities. There are two guarantees: exercising political rights well and controlling one’s own benefits. In the Communist era, people replaced the responsibility system with the highest awareness. At that time, no one will refuse to do what should be done; I will still do what should be done even if I am not allowed to do it; no one will give what should not be given, and I will not receive it even if others give what should not be given to me. This is communist awareness. In the past, political work included turning over archives all day, but now political work should help to improve the economy... "

“礼治君子,法治小人,棒子治驴。前两句是孔子的,后一句是我的。”

"Courtesy governs the gentleman; law deals with the villain; sticks frighten donkey. The first two sentences are from Confucius and the latter sentence is from me."

老皇历说:“新三年,旧三年,缝缝补补又三年。”

The old Chinese almanac said: "When you buy something to use, it is new for you in 3 years. Then it will become old in next 3 years. At last, it needs to be repaired to use in the last 3 years."

李德海对新华社社长穆青说:

Li Dehai told Mu Qing, Xinhua News Agency President:

“我不带头存款,我带头消费。消费可以刺激生产。低标准,低消费,自满自足的生活方式是小生产观念的反映。简朴是一种美德,但简朴不等于安贫。艰苦朴素是我们的传统,但不是我们追求的目的。西关大队要有300万存款就不好领导了,坐着吃利息,导致社会经济瘫痪。猪肥了不动弹。生产,分配,流通,消费,是商品的总体过程,高分配必须伴随着高消费。外国人能享受的,我们中国人到时候也能享受!我们规定:凡购买十四寸彩电者,每台补贴300元;凡购买电冰箱、电风扇、录音机、洗衣机者,每年补贴零售价的25% ;凡购买新式家具者,每件补贴购进价的10%,鼓励消费。现在全村彩电和新式家具已达到100%。"

"I don't take the lead in saving money, but I take the lead in spending. Consumption can stimulate production. The lifestyle of low standard, low consumption and complacency is the reflection of the concept of small production. Simplicity is a virtue, but simplicity does not mean poverty. Hard work and plain living are our tradition, but they are not our goal. If Xiguan Brigade has a deposit of 3 million yuan, it will be difficult to lead, because people in this brigade will sit down and enjoy interest, leading to social and economic paralysis. Pigs don't move when they are fat. Production, distribution, circulation and consumption are the overall process of commodities, and high distribution must be accompanied by high consumption. What foreigners can enjoy, we Chinese can enjoy it then! Our policies are that those who buy 14-inch color TV sets will be subsidized by 300 yuan per TV; Those who buy refrigerators, electric fans, tape recorders and washing machines are subsidized by 25% of the retail price every year; For those who buy new furniture, 10% of the buying price is subsidized for each piece to encourage consumption. Now everyone has color TV sets and new furniture in the village. "

老皇历说:“当一天和尚撞一天钟。”

The old Chinese almanac said: "Go on tolling the bell as long as one is a monk."

李德海对剧作家漠雁说:

Li Dehai said to Mo Yan, a playwright:

“我一辈子欠两个人的情,一个是我母亲的情,一个是共产党的情。我们共产党人要干一天打算一辈子。作为一个共产党员,你那个单位搞不好,就起到了反对党的作用,因为你导致了群众对党的不满。我们是共产党人,我们要维护共产党的事业,共产党的事业要令人向往!是真拥护党的路线,还是假拥护党的路线,检验的标准是实践,你能为党办成一点事也好！如果我们每个共产党人都在中华民族历史上做出一点点贡献的话,共产主义的到来就会大大加快！生当作人杰,死亦为鬼雄,君子持德不图其报,我们这些人都是为党死而后已的人,个人有什么呢?”

"I owe two people in my life. One is my mother and the other is the Communist Party. We Communists have to plan our whole life for one day. As a Communist Party member, if your department is not good, it means the Party is prevented from development, because you have caused the masses to be dissatisfied with the Party. We are Communists, so we should safeguard the cause of the Communist Party, which should be desirable! The standard of test is practice, checking whether you really support the party's line or not. And it is good that you can accomplish something for the party! If each of us communists makes a little contribution in the history of the Chinese nation, the arrival of communism will be greatly accelerated! Be man of men while you're alive, and soul of souls if you're dead. A gentleman with virtue doesn’t ask for rewards. We are all people who can die for the party. Does it matter for only a person?"

老皇历说:“知足常乐,安贫乐道。”

The old Chinese almanac said: "Be content with your current situation and a simple but virtuous life."

李德海对笔者说:

Li Dehai said to the author:

“我喜欢和文艺界的人交往,一是你们说的话不为准,二是能开阔我的眼界。

"I like to associate with people in the literary and art circles. First, what you say does not need to be exact. Second, but you can broaden my horizons."

“历史上改革者都没有好下场。商鞅变革被五马分尸,王安石变法掉了乌纱帽。大将不怕阵前亡,有心当改革者就不怕掉脑袋！对改革的两种看法,过去有, 现在有,将来也有！长六指的人本来是怪异,突然割了去也觉得像少了什么。改革者的前提是爱国主义精神。爱国主义精神是最大的精神文明。国家如有难,汝当做先锋。共产党人为改革敢于去攻碉堡,敢于捐躯铺路。我说应该给改革者立功, 评一级英雄！

"Reformers have never come to a good end in history. Shang Yang was dismembered because of his reform, and Wang Anshi lost his job because of the New Policies. A general is not afraid of dying in the battle, and if one wants to be a reformer, he is not afraid of losing his life! There are two views on reform in the past, now and in the future! People with six fingers were originally weird, and suddenly they felt like something was missing when a finger was cut off. The premise of reformers is patriotism. Patriotism is the greatest spiritual civilization. If your country is in trouble, you should be a pioneer. Communists dare to attack bunkers and die for reform. I think that we should make meritorious deeds to reformers and evaluate first- level heroes!"

“改革也不是一朝一夕的事情。国营企业没松绑那时候,我们是活人和死人打仗,那还没有个赢?现在一松绑,有些人还麻木不仁,真正想干点事的人,现在就该加快步伐整顿。

"Reform cannot be completed in a matter of days. At that time, when power was not devolved to the state-owned enterprises, we were fighting with the dead, so will we lose? Now that state-owned companies have power, some people are still insensitive. Those who really want to do something should speed up the pace of rectification now."

“做什么事情不能有把握了再干,有个五六成就动手啊,说不定一干就干成了。 万无一失、手拿把攥的方案是没有的,按部就班,那不叫改革！

"We can’t do something after we are sure about it. When the possibility of success is beyond 50%, we can embark on reforms and maybe we will be successful. There is no plan to be foolproof. Sticking to the rules is not reform!"

“你们写文章要实事求是,不要把改革者写成神。只要写出改革者的苦衷,写出他们为什么要这么做,就行了！让外面知道中国农民是有血性、有志气、有刚火、有才干的,是能够夸耀于整个人类的！”

"You should seek truth from facts when writing articles, and don't regard reformers as gods. Just write down the difficulties of reformers and why they did it! Let the outside know that Chinese farmers are enthusiastic, upright, ambitious, competent and talented, and can be praised among the whole mankind!"

黄昏中的曲线

Curvy Figures in the Dusk

——向封建礼教告别

—Say goodbye to Feudal Ethics

一个小小的村子,一下拿出20万元,建起两个露天游泳池,在全国也许是第 一家。

A small village spent 200,000 yuan at a time on two outdoor swimming pools, which may be the first one in China.

西关游泳池开放那天,正逢我在他们大队采访,那是7月16日,头一天,李德 海到游泳池边巡视一圈,觉得这里少了点什么,当即把大修厂厂长和玩具厂的厂长叫了来:

On the opening day of Xiguan Swimming Pool, I was interviewing their brigade. It was July 16. Before the day, Li Dehai visited the swimming pool and felt that there was something missing here. He immediately called the director of a garage and a toy factory:

“搞两个跳水台,两个更衣室,要符合规格,美观大方,明天早晨我来看！”

"Build two diving platforms and two locker rooms, which should meet the specifications and be beautiful and tasteful. I will come to see them tomorrow morning!"

两位厂长不敢怠慢,连夜带领工人铆、焊、锯、接,第二天来参加剪彩仪式的人们瞠目结舌,游泳池端神话般地立起两个高高的跳水台,那是足以和“奥运会”赛场上的跳水台媲美的,另外还有两个小别墅式的浅绿色的更衣室。

The two factory directors did not dare to neglect, so they led the workers to do their jobs, welding and sawing overnight. The people who came to attend the ribbon-cutting ceremony the next day were stunned. Erected at the end of the swimming pool surprisingly were two high diving platforms, which were comparable to the diving platforms in the Olympic Games. There were also two small villa-style light green locker rooms.

姑娘们不好意思走近游泳池跟前,用正眼去看那些裸露着肌肤的小伙子们,但新生活的浪花毕竟有巨大的吸引力,小伙子们在池中的每一声拍击都回荡着文明的呼唤。

Girls were embarrassed to approach the swimming pool and look at the bare-skinned boys, but after all, the waves of new life had great attraction, and every slap of the boys in the pool echoed the call of civilization.

于是,有两位姑娘挺身而出,在黄昏时起程,开始了向文明的过渡——她们带着羞颜租了游泳衣和救生圈,在晚霞中显露出自己优美的曲线——世界突然发现了她们,她们解下了束在身上的封建礼教,勇敢地向水中跳去,让肌肤贴着新生活的潮流。

So, two girls stepped forward and set out at dusk to the transition of civilization. They rented swimming suits and lifebuoys with shame, and showed their beautiful curves in the sunset. The world suddenly found them. They took off the feudal ethics tied around their bodies and bravely jumped into the water, letting their skin feel the trend of new life.

不幸的是,像任何的开拓和探索,都会遇到风浪和波折,一位姑娘不慎将救生圈脱手,这里的水深是2米至4米,她陷于“灭顶之灾”。

Unfortunately, like any development and exploration, there will be storms and difficulties in the process. A girl didn’t seize her lifebuoy accidentally. The water depth here was 2 meters to 4 meters, and she was in danger.

她的伙伴拼命为她呼喊:“快来救命呀!”

Her partner shouted desperately for her: "Help!"

在隔壁池里游泳的小伙子们,开始以为是一个玩笑,当发现是事实时,他们比任何时候都更踊跃,争先恐后地游上前来扶腰、托腿、拉臂、抱头……

The boys swimming in the next pool began to think it was a joke. When it was found to be true, they were more active than ever, scrambling to swim forward to grab her waist, support her legs, pull her arms and hold her heads...

两个姑娘回到了更衣室。

The two girls returned to the dressing room.

功勋卓绝的小伙子们都不想离去,刚才忙于救护,没有看清两个“开拓者”的芳颜,他们静静地守候在更衣室的门口,像等待着女皇加冕仪式……

Boys helping a lot didn't want to leave. They just got busy with rescue, so they didn't see the two "pioneers" clearly. They waited quietly at the door of the locker room, like waiting for the coronation ceremony of the Queen...

撕去封建礼教的遮布,他们也忽然发现了自己的姐妹,发现了美的曲线!

Tearing off the cloth of feudal ethics, they suddenly discovered their sisters and the curve of beauty!

但是,使他们大为失望的是,两位姑娘不愿以失败者的面目出现在异性面 前——从后门悄悄离去了!

However, to their great disappointment, the two girls did not want to appear in front of the opposite sex as losers, so they quietly left through the back door!

游泳池小小的涟漪冲击进西关大队办公室,有人把它传为险情,有人把它当作逸闻,胆子大的人们对李德海进谏:

The small ripples in the swimming pool spread across the office of Xiguan Brigade. Some people regarded it as a danger, others regarded it as an anecdote. Some courageous people advised Li Dehai:

“你修那个游泳池太深了,穆铁柱下去也不露头!”

"That swimming pool you have built is too deep, and Mu Tiezhu (he is more than 2 memters) can be drowned when he went down!"

“外国说儿童游泳对身体有好处,咱的池子那么深,儿童更下不去！”

"Foreign countries say that swimming for children is good for their health. Our pool is so deep that children can't get down!"

李德海没有回答,久久地沉默着。猛然,他拿起电话:

Li Dehai did not answer and remained silent for a long time. Suddenly, he picked up the phone:

“给我接建筑队……许经理吗?你来一下。”

"Call the construction team... Manager Xu? Come here."

李德海把建筑队的经理领到游泳池边,用手一指:“在这里再挖一个游泳池,一米五深。3天以内把土方挖完,5天砌好!”

Li Dehai led the manager of the construction team to the swimming pool and pointed with his finger: "Dig another swimming pool here with the depth of 1.5 meters. Dig the earthwork within 3 days and build it in 5 days!"

推土机隆隆地开上了那块古老的土地,要为姐妹们开辟ー个文明的渡口……

Bulldozers rumbled on the ancient land to open up civilized ferry crossings for sisters...

不久,新游泳池建成,姐妹们不必再用黄昏和暮色遮掩你们的曲线,在正午的阳光下走来吧,如果你们愿意,也不妨穿上比基尼泳装,新文明的春光属于你们的父兄,当然也属于你们!

Soon, the new swimming pool was built. Sisters, you don't have to cover your curves with dusk and twilight. Come in the midday sun. If you like, you may as well wear bikinis. The spring of new civilization belongs to your father and brother, and of course it belongs to you!

文明大厦的崛起

The Rise of Civilization Building

——向愚昧告别

—Say goodbye to Ignorance

李德海在西关创办了全中国第一座农民中专。

Li Dehai founded the first farmers’ technical secondary school in Xiguan.

西关农民中专设有乡镇商业和乡镇企业机械制造两个专业,今年首批招生 100名,也就是说,以后每年都将有100个“孙智坤”跨进这个全国第一个由农村生产队兴办的中等专科学校。

Xiguan Farmers' Technical Secondary School has two majors: township commerce and township enterprise machinery manufacturing. This year, 100 students were enrolled first, that is to say, every year, 100 "Sun Zhikun" will step into the first secondary school set up by rural production teams in China.

这所学校投资55万元,对于一个农村生产队,是一笔不小的数目。如今,这所文明的大厦已经矗立在宁海湖边。李德海兼任这所农民中专的校长,聘请山东经济学院院长张文杰为名誉校长,并聘请了13名大专毕业的教师。招生对象是高中毕业或具有同等学力的农村青年,参加全省农民中专统一招生考试。学制两年。学习期满、考试合格者,学校发给毕业证书。愿留西关村工作者,经半年实习录用,享受中专毕业生待遇,上学期间学费由西关村退给本人,并每月追发补贴30元。

This school has invested 550,000 yuan, which is not a small amount of money for a rural production team. Today, this civilization building has stood by Ninghai Lake. Li Dehai is also the principal of this farmer technical secondary school, and Zhang Wenjie, president of Shandong Institute of Economics, is invited as honorary principal. 13 college graduates are hired. Prospective students are rural youth who graduated from high school or have the same educational level, who can participate in the entrance examination of farmers' technical secondary schools in the whole province. The length of schooling is two years. The school will issue graduation certificates to those who pass the examination after the completion of their studies. Workers who are willing to stay in Xiguan Village enjoy the treatment like technical secondary school graduates after half a year's internship. Tuition fees will be refunded to them by Xiguan Village during school, and 30 yuan will be subsidized every month.

兴办这所中专的深远意义还在于从知识结构上改造农民队伍,由“体力型”转向“智力型”,使之适应现代化的需要,李德海已经看到,仅靠业余教育已远远不够,靠招聘也非长远之计。

The far-reaching significance of setting up this technical secondary school lies in transforming the farmer’s team from "physical strength" to "intelligence" in terms of knowledge structure, so as to meet the needs of modernization. Li Dehai has seen that amateur education alone is far from enough, and recruitment is not a long-term solution.

这里要提一笔的是,李德海的招贤纳士在胶东是闻名的。这里没有门户之见, 招聘来的人可以当厂长,当经理,拿西关最高工薪。在1000多名外来人中,人才济济、藏龙卧虎。他们中有会四种外语的经济专家、有机械行业闻名的工程师、有部队离休的团政治委员、有黄埔军校的军医、有“余热发电”的退休教师、有劳改释放的技术员、有李宗仁主持过婚礼的“右派厂长”、有走投无路想跳水库的技术科长、有备受打击的会计师、有逃婚在外的少女、有被哥嫂打出来的孤儿……

It should be mentioned here that Li Dehai is famous for recruiting talents in Jiaodong. There is no bias against diploma here. The recruits can be factory directors and managers to get the highest salary in Xiguan. Among more than 1,000 outsiders, there are many talented people and undiscovered talents. Among them are economists who can speak four foreign languages, famous engineers in the machinery industry, retired political commissars of the regiment, military doctors of Republic of China Military Academy, retired teachers who still would like to make contributions in spare time, technicians released after the reform through labor, "right-wing factory director" who had a wedding presided by Li Zongren, technical section chief who had no way out to jump into the reservoir, accountants who have been lashed out, girls who have escaped from marriage, and orphans who have been beaten by their brothers and sisters...

这些人在西关都找到了自己的位置,成为一个有用的人,为西关的起飞做出了贡献!

These people have found their own position in Xiguan, become available to the society, and made contributions to the take-off of Xiguan!

愚昧,不仅在于没有文化,更在于对文化的轻视和践踏!

Ignorance lies not only in lack of culture, but also in contempt for and trampling on culture!

随着党风的改进和企业的竞争,这些人才的社会来源将越来越少,西关应有自己的文化大厦,从里面走出自己的厂长、工程师、会计师、技术员。

With the improvement of the Party's work style and the competition of enterprises, social sources of these talents will become less and less. Xiguan should have its own cultural building, from which its own factory directors, engineers, accountants and technicians will be nurtured.

这就是1984年春天,在病中的李德海为什么急切地把厂长们叫到床前,分派木材厂做桌椅板凳和床铺,分派商场配备炊事用具、教学用具,分派总务主任置办办公设备。而有关人才的选聘,都是李德海亲顾茅庐。

This is why in the spring of 1984, Li Dehai, who was ill, eagerly called the factory directors to the bed, assigned the timber factory to make tables, chairs, stool and beds, assigned the shopping mall to be equipped with cooking utensils and teaching utensils, and assigned the general affairs director to buy office equipment. And the selection and employment of talents are all managed by Li Dehai.

有一天,烟台职业教育局一位处长向李德海传信,本县西留格庄联中有一位哈尔滨商校毕业的民办教师。李德海立时从炕上爬起——学校正缺商业专科教师, 他拉上县教育局的离休干部曲维涛登上吉普车。

One day, a director of Yantai Vocational Education Bureau sent a message to Li Dehai, saying that there was an uncertified teacher who graduated from Harbin Commercial College in Liugezhuang Union Middle School of the western county. Li Dehai immediately climbed up from the heatable brick bed, because the school was short of business college teachers. He asked Qu Weitao, a retired cadre of the county education bureau, and boarded the jeep.

天已中午,他连午饭也顾不上吃,滴着虚汗,操纵着方向盘,像一个往前方抢运弹药的火线驾驶员。

It was already noon, but he can't even attend the lunch. Dripping with sweat, steering the steering wheel, he was like a driver rushing forward to transport ammunition.

汽车径直开到那位教师的家门前,那位教师不知发生了什么事情,因为从来没 有坐吉普车的人来找过他。

The jeep drove straight to the teacher's door. He didn’t know what happened, because no one in the jeep had ever come to him.

“孔老师,我是来求贤的！”李德海进门第一句话这样说。

"Mr. Kong, I'm here to seek talents!" Li Dehai said in the first sentence when he entered the house.

这位被岁月夺走了青春的民办教师名叫孔庆埠,1957年商校毕业后,几十年来,他的专业一直没有得以应用。

This uncertified teacher, who was not in his prime, was named Kong Qingbu. After graduating from business school in 1957, he has not applied his expertise for decades.

“你在商校都学过一些什么课程?……西关中专准备设商业班,你愿不愿意应聘?”

"What courses have you studied in business schools?... We are preparing to set up a business class in Xiguan Technical Secondary School. Are you willing to join us?"

“二十多年了,学过的东西都忘了。有些知识也老化了。”

"It has been over twenty years, so I have forgotten what I have learned. Some knowledge is not new."

“忘了可以复习,比没有学过要强。去了以后可以边干边学,教学空闲到别的学校走一走,自己深造!”

"You can review it even if you forget it, and forgetting knowledge is better than not learning. After you come to our school, you can learn knowledge while working, take a walk in other schools when you are free to pursue advanced studies!"

这个被遗忘在穷山沟里20多年的商校毕业生,做梦也没想到自己的专业还会再有用武之地。他的结发妻子和3个孩子在一边眼巴巴地看着他。

This business school graduate, who has been forgotten in the poor ravine for more than 20 years, never dreamed that his major would be useful again. His wife and three children watched him eagerly.

“如果西关需要,李书记你瞧得起,我去！只是不知学校和乡里同意不同意。”

"If Xiguan needs me and you think highly of me, I'll go! I just don't know if the school and the township agree or not."

“由我来办!”

"I'll do it!"

李德海又登上吉普车,奔学校,奔乡政府去通融。这样一桩复杂的“人事”,从出车到事情定盘,总共用了40分钟的时间。3天以后,孔庆埠已经成了李德海家里的座上客了！

Li Dehai boarded the jeep again, ran to the school and the township government to bend the rules. Such a complicated thing took a total of 40 minutes from getting out of the car to making a deal. Three days later, Kong Qingbu has become a guest at Li Dehai's home!

第八章故乡的足音

Chapter 8 Sound of Footsteps in Hometown

1984年阴历大年初一,宁海镇举行了有史以来的第一次农民队伍的检阅。

On the Chinses New Year's Day in 1984, Ninghai Town held the first ever inspection of farmers’ teams.

迎着早春的霞光,壮阔的万人长队穿过古老而年轻的镇街。

Facing the glow of early spring, 10,000 people queuing passed through the ancient and young town streets, which was magnificent.

走在最前面的方队,是宁海镇的农民仪仗队,由120名乡镇企业的男女青年组 成,身穿一色的将军呢制服,戴着白手套,他们高举着彩旗,吹奏着军乐。他们吹奏“国歌”,吹奏“镇歌”——

The front formation was the honor guard of farmers in Ninghai Town, which was composed of 120 young men and women wearing the same color of general uniforms and white gloves from township enterprises. They held high colorful flags and played military music. They played the national anthem and the town song—

前进,英雄的宁海人民,

Forward, heroic Ninghai people,

党的路线指引着我们向新的时代进军!

the Party's line guides us to March into a new era!

我们顶天立地,

We are indomitable spirit,

倒悬沧海,

hanging upside down in the sea,

吞吐乾坤,

inhaling and exhaling between heaven and earth,

敢当历史的巨人。

and becoming a giant of history.

勇于开拓,

Be brave in pioneering,

万众一心,

Unite as one,

向着光辉灿烂的目标,

Towards a brilliant goal,

前进,前进,再前进!

Forward, forward, forward again!

写着2000年的巨大的火车头开过来了（里面罩着汽车）!它喷吐着浓烟,拉着汽笛;它运行的节奏,震撼着大地,它象征着历史的列车飞速奔驰。

The huge locomotive with the words 2000 was coming (cars were in it)! It spewed smoke and pulled the whistle; The rhythm of its operation shook the earth. It symbolized that history was developing fast like a zooming train.

紧跟在后面的,是西关大队。“大黄河”上载着男女社员装扮的“八仙过海”。连续3年人均分配千元的西关人,意气风发地跟在1984年夺得700万纯利润的彩牌车后。他们无愧于是胶东改革的火车头!

Closely followed was Xiguan Brigade. In the "Great Yellow River" were "eight immortals" dressed up by male and female members. Xiguan people, who have been allocated 1,000 yuan per capita for three consecutive years, exuberantly followed the colorful car with a net profit of 7 million yuan in 1984. They are worthy of being the locomotive of reform in Jiaodong!

最先和西关争雄的新牟人追上来了! 20辆幸福摩托车在前面开路,像欢迎某国的总统。气势磅礴的“大解放”车队,分别装有“龙凤呈祥”和大队出产的各种工业品的模型转塔。比这更夺目的是他们打出了在新的一年要实现人均分配2000元的彩牌!站在街两旁“吃国库粮”的观众无不为之瞠目结舌。

The first to compete with Xiguan was Xinmou people who have caught up! 20 Xingfu motorcycles opened the way in front, like welcoming the president of a certain country. The magnificent "Great Liberation" motorcade was equipped with model turrets of "prosperity brought by the dragon and the phoenix" and various products produced by the brigade. What was more striking than this was that they have printed the color card of 2000 yuan per capita in the new year! The audience who had urban household registration standing on both sides of the street was stunned.

东油坊的方队、王家疃的方队、王贺庄的方队、孔家疃的方队、文化里的方队……一个方队,一排奔腾的浪涛！

Dongyoufang's formation, Wang village's formation, Wanghezhuang's formation, Kong village's formation, Wenhuali's square team... a formation was like rushing waves!

——这是真正的男子汉的方队！队伍里集合了不同年龄、不同气质的应稼汉, 他们穿上了一色的“料子服”。那是饱经风霜,像油画《父亲》ー样的面孔,那是涂着古铜色的油彩,像黄河船夫一样的面孔,那是有着目光像铁块一样坚定的面孔, 那是有着额角像大理石一样平展的面孔。无数流逝的岁月在他们的手上磨起了老茧,崎岖的路程膨胀了他们腿上的筋脉。作为共和国大厦的地基,他们嶙峋的肩架上曾背起过大庆的井架,他们的手腕曾擎起过联合国大厦上的五星红旗!今天他们用新的智慧充实了自己的大脑,用新的物质延长了自己的手臂,在这片古老的大地上开动了马达,建筑起大厦,奏响了仙乐,浇灌出鲜花,创建了法则,塑造了时代! 他们扬起男子汉的头颅,那是成熟了的思想果实,历尽了人间的雨雪风霜;他们的双脚是锋利的耧角,在时代的沟垄里插下希望和奇迹——为了使每一个母亲不再为生活垂泪,为使每一个妻子不再为辛劳早衰,为了使每一个女儿不再出卖美丽的发辫,为了使每一个童心的幻想不遭受摧残……

This was the real man's formation! Wearing the same color of woolen uniform, farmers of different ages and temperament gathered in the team. It was a weather-beaten face like the oil painting "Father", a face painted with bronze, a face like the Yellow River boatman, a face with firm eyes like iron blocks, and a face with flat forehead like marble. Calluses on their hands were caused by past years, and tendons on their legs were expanded because of the rugged journey. As the foundation of the Republic Building, they once carried the derrick of Daqing on their bony shoulders, and their wrists once held the five-star red flag on the United Nations Building! Today, they enrich their brains with new wisdom, extend their arms with new materials, start motors, build buildings, play beautiful music, water flowers, create laws and shape the times in this ancient land! They raise the head of a man, which is the fruit of mature thought and has experienced the rain, snow, wind and frost on earth. Their feet are sharp farming tools, growing hopes and miracles in the furrows and ridges of the times. Because they don’t want to make every mother stop crying for life, make every wife stop aging prematurely for hard work, make every daughter stop selling beautiful braids, and make every childlike fantasy not destroyed...

——这是以贤良、勤劳闻名的胶东妇女方队！她们步履整齐,也和男子汉们一样,穿上了一色的呢料服装,她们舍弃了那打着补丁的衣服和打着补丁的日子。她们来自窄窄的磨道,来自低矮的灶台,来自茂密而炎热的青纱帐,来自古老小河边的棒槌石。她们集合在时代的旗帜下,脚上不再像祖母和母亲那样裹着缠足布,脸上不像昨日那样带有菜色。男子汉们不会忘记你们,你们用自己的忍饥受饿支撑了贫穷的日子,你们用工巧的针线缝补了艰涩的岁月。胃袋里的瓜蔓、树皮曾早谢了你们的青春,寒冷的秋霜冬雪染白了你们的鬓发！是你们把辛勤养育的儿子和兄弟送给人民军队,让他们用胸膛守卫国疆。为了每ー个父亲、丈夫、儿子都能体面地活在世上,你们把自己的生命变成燃烧的烛光。而今你们挺起了丰满的身躯, 衣襟在行进中旗帜一样飘起,像走向丰收的田野,去收获稻谷,去收获商品,收获汽笛一样欢乐的笑声和锻锤一样凝重的尊严,补偿那歉收的年景……

This was the formation of Jiaodong women, who were famous for their virtue and diligence! They walked neatly and wore the same color of woolen clothes as men. They gave up the patched clothes and bad days. They come from narrow mill roads, low stoves, thick and hot green fields, and sticks used to pound clothes in washing by ancient rivers. They gather under the banner of the times, and their feet are no longer wrapped in foot-binding cloth like their grandmother and mother, and their faces were not that pale as they were yesterday. Men will never forget you. You have experienced the poor days by suffering from hunger, and you have sewed up the difficult years with skillful needles and threads. The vines and bark in the stomach were in your youth, and the cold autumn frost and winter snow have dyed your sideburns white! It was you who gave your hard-raised sons and brothers to the people's army and asked them to guard the country with their chests. To make every father, husband and son live decently in the world, you turned your life into a burning candlelight. Now you have stood up your plump bod with your skirts floating like flags while marching, like heading for a bumper harvest field to harvest rice, goods, joyful laughter like whistles and dignity like forging hammers, and compensating for the poor harvest year...

游行队伍里有歌声的舒展,舞姿的奔放,雄狮的跳跃,长龙的奔腾,这是从历史深处走出来的土地的灵魂！

In the parade, there were relaxing songs, enthusiastic dance, jumping lions and rushing dragons, which were the soul of the land coming out from the depths of history!

沸腾的宁海镇！激动的宁海镇！

Ninghai Town with a cacophony of voices! Excited Ninghai Town!

这队伍像解冻的冰川,你可以听到冰块向前流动的互相撞击声;这队伍是流淌的岩浆,你可以感受到那炙烤肌肤的热风,它冲决了凝固了几千年的传统,一直向前、向前,什么力量也不能把它阻挡！

This team was like a thawed glacier, and you can hear the sound of ice flowing forward and hitting each other. This team was flowing magma, and you can feel the hot air blowing your skin. It broke the rooted tradition that had been for thousands of years, kept moving forward, and no force can stop it!

这支按共产党人的构思组合起来的队伍,不再是黄巢的散兵,不再是李自成的败伍,他们是新时期的胶东子弟兵纵队,集合在镰刀、斧头的旗帜下,走进了伟大的中国改革史诗之页,冲撞着21世纪的横线……

This team combined according to the idea of the communists is no longer Huang Chao’s stragglers and disbanded soldiers or Li Zicheng’s defeated soilders. They are the Jiaodong’s military columns in the new era, who gather under the banner of sickle and axe and are written on the page of the great Chinese reform epic, breaching the barrier of the 21st century...

（原载《解放军文艺》1985年第5期）

(Originally published in the People's Liberation Army Literature and Art, No.5, 1985)

卷二：3.理论狂人 Volume 2: 3.Theory Fanatic

理论狂人

Theory Fanatic

——献给一位无名经济理论家

—To a Unsung Economic Theorist

陈祖芬

Chen Zufen

这里就是罗陀斯,就在这里跳跃吧!

Hic Rhodus, hic salta!

这里就有玫瑰花,就在这里跳舞吧!

Here is the rose, here dance!

——马克思

—Karl Marx

夏时制与变革的强制性

Mandatory for Daylight Saving Time and Reform

“从北京开往西安的35次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间8点06分。

"The No.35 train from Beijing to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 8:06."

“从成都开往西安的238次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间9点12分。

"The No.238 train from Chengdu to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 9:12."

“从太原开往西安的425次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间9点52分。

"The No.425 train from Taiyuan to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 9:52."

“从上海开往乌鲁木齐的53次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间11点16分。

"The No.53 train from Shanghai to Urumqi has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 11:16."

“从广州开往西安的273次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间12点56分。

"The No.273 train from Guangzhou to Xi'an has arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 12:56."

“从郑州开往西安的4次列车,现在到达西安。到站时间4点14分。”

"The No.4 trains from Zhengzhou to Xi'an have arrived in Xi'an now. The arrival time is 4:14."

每次播音员的话音一落,列车里便站起一个个激动不安、迫不及待的记者和学者。1986年5月,从四面八方开往西安的列车和飞机上,突然冒出了这么多“心动过速”的人们——他们的心,早就超越了火车和飞机的速度到达了西安。《人民日报》的记者心急火燎地从北京开着皇冠车,星夜兼程地驰向古都西安。《羊城晚报》的记者,一听说我国20世纪以来发掘的最大的墓葬揭椁开棺,跳上小车去赶广州开往西安的飞机。

Every time when the announcer finished his words, excited journalists and scholars can’t wait to stand up in the train. In May 1986, on the trains and planes heading for Xi'an from all directions, so many people with "tachycardia" suddenly appeared—their hearts had already surpassed the speed of trains and planes to reach Xi'an. Reporters of People's Daily drove the Toyota Crown from Beijing anxiously to Xi'an, the ancient Chinses capital, all night. Hearing that the largest tomb excavated in China since the 20th century would be uncovered, reporters of Yangcheng Evening News jumped into a car to catch the plane from Guangzhou to Xi'an.

2600年前建造的这个秦公一号大墓,为研究中国奴隶社会的政治、经济、文化,提供了大量的实物资料。

The tomb of Duke Jing of Qin built 2,600 years ago provides a lot of materials for studying the politics, economy and culture of Chinese slave society.

按照马克思主义的历史观,铁器是封建社会生产力水平的一种标志。然而秦公一号大墓,一方面以180多个殉葬的棺椁把秦国的奴隶制社会无可辩驳地展现在我们面前,另一方面又以已经出土的十多件精良的铁器,撼动了关于铁器的标志说。难道秦人也要向马克思主义挑战?我夹杂在“发掘热”的人群里走进了西去的列车。不过我不是想去发掘秦俑的。我要去发掘一个也许是当今了不起的经济理论家。我相信这个人的探索可以为今天中国的经济体制改革提供一些理论依据。

According to the Marxist view of history, iron is a symbol of the production level in feudal society. However, the tomb of Duke Jing of Qin consisting of over 180 coffins, on the one hand, have irrefutably displayed the slave society of Qin in front of us. On the other hand, more than ten excellent ironware have been unearthed, changing the view of ironware. Do Qin people also challenge Marxism? I walked into the train going west in the crowd obsessed with "excavation rush". But I don't want to see Terracotta Army. I'm going to find a great economic theorist today. I believe this man's exploration can provide some theoretical basis for China's economic system reform today.

5月4日。我搭乘的279次列车是晚8点多开车。我掐着时间走进列车,一看 表,怎么才7点多?是不是我家里那只钟走错了?还是我糊里糊涂地早走了一小时?可我也不至于这么错乱呵!现在到底是7点还是8点?

On May 4th, my No.279 train should leave at 8 o'clock in the evening. I calculated the time to walk into the train and look at my watch. Why was it only about 7 o'clock? Was the clock in my house going wrong? Or did I leave an hour early in a confused way? But I would not do it so unwittingly! Was it 7 o'clock or 8 o'clock?

车窗口的两位穿着蓝西服和灰西服的公民同时亮出表:8点。

Two citizens in blue suits and gray suits at the train window showed their watches: 8 o'clock.

但是蓝西服说:“我也搞不清几点了。”

But the one in blue suit said, "I don't know what time it is either."

灰西服也说:“我也搞不清几点了。”

The one in grey suit also said, "I also don't know what time it is."

表上明明显示着8点,为什么又说搞不清?莫非我走进了一个荒诞派小说的 规定情境?

The watch clearly showed 8 o'clock, but why did they say they can't figure it out? Had I entered a scene set in an absurd novel?

又有一个乘客满在行地说:“现在时间不是往前挪了一小时吗。”

Another passenger seemed an expert, and he said, "Isn't the time moving forward for an hour now?"

挪前挪后?到底是挪前还是挪后?

Moving forward and backward? Was it moving forward or backward?

“今天开始实行夏时制,”终于有了一个大致正常的人,“时针不是往前拨了一小时吗,所以现在的8点就是原来的9点。”

"Daylight saving time has been implemented since today," finally we got a person who can figure out the current situation. "Isn't the hour hand set forward for an hour, so now 8 o'clock is the original 9 o'clock."

“不对,现在的8点是原来的7点。”

"No, the current 8 o'clock is the original 7 o'clock."

对了!我的表没有拨过,所以才7点。我自己清醒过来后,这オ注意到乘客们愕然不解的眼神,迷乱惶恐的眼神,忧烦木讷的眼神,而在这些眼神的后面,是一种不愿意适应、又不能不适应夏时制而无所适从、无可奈何的被动心理。

That's right! My watch hadn't been reset, so it was seven o'clock. After I figured it out, I noticed the passengers' startled, confused and worried eyes. And behind these eyes, there was a kind of passive psychology that they were unwilling to adapt to, but had to adapt to daylight saving time, so they were at a loss and helpless.

夏时制真是一个“不受欢迎的人”。

Daylight saving time is really an "unwelcome person".

又有人喊了一嗓子:“每天得提前一小时起床,乱了套了！反正,活的活,死的死吧!”

Another person shouted: "I have to get up one hour in advance every day, which is a mess! Anyway, we will live or die!"

有那么严重吗?实行夏时制,又不会像长工资似的,谁多长一级,谁少长一 级——谁也不会因此而亏了一小时。绝对的平均主义！明明谁也没有吃亏。明明谁也不用为此付出多大代价。明明按照日、地运动的规律办事,就可以节约能源, 所以夏时制又叫经济时制。明明在1916年,德、法、英、意等等国家就已采用夏时制了,但是1986年中国的夏时制,还是招来了那么多的惶惶然和愤愤然。

Was it that serious? The implementation of daylight saving time will not be like the increase of salary, and no one will lose or get the hourly wage—no one will lose an hour. Absolute egalitarianism! Clearly, no one suffered losses. Clearly no one had to pay much for it. Clearly, according to the law of the movement of the sun and the earth, we can save energy, so daylight saving time is also called money saving time. It was clear that in 1916, Germany, France, Britain, Italy and other countries had adopted daylight saving time, but in 1986, China's daylight saving time still attracted so much panic and indignation.

“我独不解中国人何以于旧状况那么心平气和,于较新的机运就这么疾首蹙额;于已成之局那么委屈求全,于初兴之事就这么求全责备?”对我重复着这句话的,自然是鲁迅了。

"I don't understand why the Chinese people are so calm in the old situation, but they frown at new opportunities; they compromise on something written in the stars but blame for new things?" It was Lu Xun who repeated this sentence to me.

车厢里响起了很新潮的歌:

A very trendy song played in the carriage:

阿里,阿里巴巴,

Ali, Ali Baba,

阿里巴巴是个快乐的青年。

Ali Baba is a happy young man.

不管阿里是不是快乐的青年,反正听这种歌就是感受一种情绪。感受到这种情绪的,便都成了快乐的青年。

Whether Ali was a happy young man or not, listening to this song was to feel an emotion. Those who can feel this emotion became happy young people.

实行夏时制的中国,也正像一个快乐的青年,一个处在思想活跃期的青年。

China, which had implemented daylight saving time, was just like a happy youth, a youth in an active period of thinking.

车厢里的灯突然全黑了。怎么这么早就黑灯了?我跑到车厢过道的灯下看 表,可不,才9点嘛,应该10点熄灯的嘛。哦,对了,我到现在还没有拨过手表,我 以为反正知道夏时制就行了,连表都懒得拨一下。结果是一下熄了灯,连上床的思想准备都没有。我摘下手表,乖乖地往前拨快一小时。看来变革往往带有强制性,不可能都有了思想准备才变革的。

All the lights in the carriage suddenly went dark. Why was it dark so early? I ran to the car aisle under the lights to look at my watch, ehh, it was only 9 o'clock. It should have turned off the lights at 10 o'clock. Oh, I haven't set my watch yet. I thought I only need to know daylight saving time, so I didn't even bother to set my watch. As a result, the lights went out at once, and there was no mental preparation for going to bed. I took off my watch and moved forward one hour obediently. It seemed that reform was often mandatory, and it was impossible to reform after we prepare for it.

不过,等我结束了在西安的采访回到北京以后,并没有发现任何因为时间的拨动而引起的汽车误点、火车脱轨、飞机相撞或者神经错乱。人们按部就班,安定团结,再也没有人谈起夏时制。好像夏时制不是从1986年5月4日开始的,而是在公元前就开始了。

However, when I returned to Beijing after my interview in Xi'an, I didn't find any car delays, train derailments, plane collisions or insanity caused by the ticking of time. People followed the prescribed order, calm and united, and no one talked about daylight saving time anymore. It seemed that daylight saving time was not from May 4, 1986, but began B.C.

只要能下决心变革,中国人的适应能力也是非同一般的。

As long as we can make up our minds to change, Chinese people's adaptability is extraordinary.

我在变革的时间和时间的变革里,到达了西安站。

I arrived at Xi'an Station in the time of change and the change of time.

到底怎么写改革

How to Write Reform in the End

一个逃犯。

A fugitive.

我走出西安站,看到一个高人一等的黑大汉,高举着一块“接陈”的牌子。这是我们的“联络暗号”。因为我不认识他,但又希望一到西安就能见到他。应该说一切都很顺利。凯撒大帝有句名言:我来了,我看见了,我战胜了。现在我来了,我看见了,但是我失望了。

When I walked out of Xi'an Station, I saw a very tall man with dark skin holding up a sign of "picking up Chen". This was our "contact code". Because I didn't know him, but I hoped to see him as soon as I arrived in Xi'an. It should be said that everything was going well. Julius Caesar has a famous saying: I came; I saw; I conquered. Now I came; I saw, but I was disappointed.

我觉得我看见了一个逃犯。

I thought I saw a fugitive.

我的第一感觉是害怕。那张长脸好像从来也没洗干净过。他50岁。可我觉得他大概从来也没有年轻过,他大概一生下来就这么老了。那莫测高深的三角眼,那阴沉的高鼻。鼻翼两旁像刀刻石凿似的有两道深沟直通向嘴的两旁。而嘴,直接地就像平放着的两把刀。

My first feeling was fear. It seemed that that long face had never been washed clean. He was 50 years old. But I thought he was probably never young. He was probably born so old. That unfathomable triangular eyes, that gloomy high nose. There were two deep ditches on both sides of the nose like a knife carving stone chisel, which led straight to both sides of the mouth. And the mouth was like two knives lying flat.

他的布鞋上打着皮革的补丁。我有几年没见到这样打着大补丁的鞋了。我也愈来愈少地见到他这样黄的眼白,或者压根儿就应该叫作眼黄。这补丁,这眼黄,立刻使我想起贫困、拮据、坚韧、过去。不过他穿着过去不穿的西装。但这西装质地之差,之软绵绵,之皱巴巴,都使人败胃。倒好像是仓促之间从哪儿借来套在身上乔装打扮的。干脆那种油污的旧工作服倒能给人带来一种粗犷的美。

His cloth shoes were patched with leather. I haven't seen shoes with big patches like this in years. I also saw less and less this yellow sclera, or it should be called yellow of the eye. This patch and this yellow eye immediately reminded me of poverty, tenacity and the past. But he was wearing a suit that he didn't use to wear. However, the poor texture, softness and wrinkles of this suit made people sick. It seemed that he borrowed it from somewhere in a hurry and put it on in disguise. Simply that kind of oily old overalls can make people think him rugged.

他的头发所剩无几地徒劳地盖在秃秃的头顶上。后来听他说这是染黑的,要不都白了。我想又何必染呢?这么几根头发也值得染吗?

His hair was left a little to cover his bald head, but it was in vain. Later, I heard him say it was dyed black, or it was all white. I thought why dyed it? Were these hairs worth dyeing?

但他说这事儿的时候是自信的,很值得的样子,就如他自信他干的一切都是值得的。

But when he said it, he was confident and showed that it was worthy, just as he was confident that everything he did was worth it.

我3月份收到这个陌生人的第一封信的时候,就决定写完手头一篇报告文学后就去找他。我相信不会虚此西行。他给我的信,一开头就使我预感到我将要经受一种新的思想的撞击:“不管在文学作品中和宣传报道中树立多少光辉的改革者形象,都不会使无所作为和反对改革的领导变为果敢锐敏的改革者。改革者的形象只会鼓舞那些希望并赞成改革的人。然而具有彻底改革思想的人并不一定就会是改革家,原因在于他们无权左右局势。因此不在于号召占据领导地位的人成为改革者,而在于使改革者走上领导岗位。……”

When I received this stranger's first letter in March, I decided to go to him after writing the non-fiction novel at hand. I believed the westward journey wouldn’t be made in vain. At the beginning of his letter to me, I had a premonition that I would be hit by a new idea: "No matter how many images of brilliant reformers are set up in literary works and propaganda reports, leaders who do nothing and oppose reform will not become bold reformers with a sharp mind. The image of reformers will only inspire those who hope for and agree with reform. However, people with radical reform ideas are not necessarily reformers, because they have no right to control the situation. Therefore, it is not to call on those who occupy leading positions to become reformers, but to make reformers take leadership positions…"

但我对这个人毕竟一无所知。他真值得我采访吗?他和常规的好人形象相距太远。我身上揣着《人民文学》的差旅费。我要是虚了此行,《人民文学》固然不会追究经济责任,可是我也得讲究时间效益呵。

But after all, I didn't know anything about this person. Was he worth my interview? He was too far from the conventional image of a good man. I carried the travel expenses of the People's Literature with me. If this trip was in vain, the People's Literature will not pursue economic responsibility, but I had to pay attention to time efficiency.

他接过我的旅行包:“这个包,我不用叮嘱你不要毁坏,不要丢失,你自然会爱护的,因为你拥有这个包的所有权、使用权和支配权,你是这个包的主人。根本用不着对你进行主人翁思想的教育。我们三十多年来一直对国营企业职工进行主人翁思想教育这件事,恰恰证明了国营企业的职工还不是企业的主人。”

He took my travel bag and said, "I don't have to tell you not to destroy or lose this bag. You will naturally take care of it, because you have the ownership, use and control of this bag, and you are the owner of this bag. There is no need to educate you on the idea of being a master at all. We have been educating the state-owned enterprises about the sense of ownership for more than 30 years, which just proves that employees in state-owned enterprises are not the masters of the enterprises."

我立时精神起来了,我想起他那封长信的内容——改革的关键,关键的改革, 是所有制问题。

I immediately refreshed, and remembered the content of his long letter—the key to reform and the key reform are the ownership problem.

他这个人,执拗地叫你想起过去,过去。他又顽强地站立在现在,现在。

He is a man who stubbornly reminds you of the past. But he stands stubbornly in the present.

精神取代物质和意识决定存在

Spirit Replaces Materials and Consciousness Determines Existence

天安门前站着一个高大黝黑的光头青年。上穿蓝粗布衣,下穿用家染的黑粗 布做的抽带肥腿裤。那裤带偏是白的,又偏偏捣乱似的从腰部溜了下来,大模大样地突出在黑裤子中间。但这个光头青年的神情是那么自信、自豪。本来嘛,那年—-1954年的《群众日报》登了陕西省考上高校的全部考生的名单。第一名,韩城县中学的党治国,考上了清华大学。党治国到清华报到后的第一件事,就是到天安门前照这张像。

In front of Tiananmen Square stood a tall, bald young man with dark skin. He wore blue coarse cloth on the top and wide leg pants with strings made of black coarse cloth dyed at home on the bottom. The strings were white, but they just slipped down from the waist causing trouble, and protruded in the middle of the black trousers obviously. But the bald young man looked so confident and proud. It turned out that Qunzhong Daily published the list of all the candidates admitted to colleges and universities in Shaanxi Province in 1954. The first place, Dang Zhiguo in Hancheng Middle School, was admitted to Tsinghua University. The first thing Dang did after registering was to take this picture in front of Tiananmen Square.

只是那两条白裤带,使照片上的党治国在威风中透着滑稽。这也没什么。清华大学一年级新生党治国就不信还会有什么事情难得住他。白裤带吗,用墨水一抹不就黑了?行了。很好。不能更好了。至于留头发是不是比光头更好看,制服裤是不是比家织抽带裤更好看,他没想过。他从来不注意服饰。32年后,他知道我要专程到西安去找他时,他才为没有一件过得去的外衣而有些不安。于是就匆匆添置了那身使我一看就败胃的西装。

Only those two white strings made him look funny in front of imposing Tiananmen Square. It was nothing. Dang Zhiguo, the Tsinghua University freshman didn't believe that there would be anything hard to live with. As for white strings, he just blacked them with ink. That was enough. That was good. It couldn't be better. As for whether head with hair was better than bald head, and whether uniform pants were better than home-woven pants with strings, he never thought about it. He never paid attention to clothes. Thirty-two years later, when he knew that I was going to Xi'an to find him, he was a little upset that he didn't have a decent coat. So he hurriedly bought the suit that made me sick.

一个从青少年时代就以为精神万能的人,最后连购置一套像点样的西装的物质基础都没有。

A person who thought that the spirit was omnipotent from his youth didn't even have the material basis to buy a decent suit.

党治国16岁的时候,有一天和同学们在韩城中学连夜排节目。三九天的夜 晚,不生火就过不去。但教室外是半尺厚的雪,想搞点煤吧,又觉得冷得出不去——来回得走2里雪地呢!怎么去扛煤呵!多厚的棉鞋陷进雪地里也是冻脚。同学们倒抽着冷气往后缩了。

When Dang Zhiguo was 16 years old, he and his classmates arranged programs overnight in Hancheng Middle School one day. On the coldest nights, you can't get through without a fire. But there was half a chi of snow outside the classroom. Even if you wanted to get some coal, you would feel cold and had to walk, because you had to walk 2 li back and forth! How to carry coal! No matter how thick the cotton shoes were, your feet would be frozen when you got stuck in the snow. The students gasped and drew back.

党治国叭叭地扔下他的棉鞋,又扒掉他的两只袜子。

Dangzhuo threw down his cotton shoes and stripped off his two socks.

“哎,你脱鞋袜干什么?”

"Hey, why do you take off your shoes and socks?"

“为了证明在雪地里走路不冷。”

"To prove that walking in the snow is not cold."

“你快穿上吧！我们跟你去扛煤就行了。”

"You should put them on quickly! Let's go with you to carry coal."

“我说出话就要算数。”

"I am a man of my word."

党治国光着两脚走向无情的雪地。不过他连雪地的无情也感觉不出,因为他的双脚很快就冻木了。当然,这毕竟只是2里地,所以他的双脚还能存活。如果是20里地,200里地,16岁的他怕也是会光脚走去的。那么,他的一双脚当然要为他的无视客观物质存在而付出代价了。

He walked to the ruthless snow barefoot. But he couldn't even feel the ruthlessness of the snow, because his feet soon froze. Of course, this was only 2 li after all, so his feet can still survive. If it were 20 li or 200 li, the 16-year-old boy might still walk barefoot. Then, of course, his feet would pay the price for his disregard of objective material existence.

20世纪50年代初的中国,商品经济不发达,物质不充足,但人们的精神状态是安适的。中国人,自我需求总有所节制。不过用精神补充物质的不足,把思想作为物质的代替品,只能在一定的时期,一定的限度内。长此以往,乐此不疲,便可能从以精神取代物质发展到以为思想意识可以决定物质存在。一些“彻底的唯物主义者”抛却了唯物主义的基本观点:存在决定意识。30年后,党治国在他的一篇文章中写道:"……用社会意识来解释各种社会现象。好的社会现象是好的社会意识的产物,坏的社会现象是坏的社会意识的产物,于是全部问题被归结为对一种思想的宣传和对另一种思想的批判。”

In China in the early 1950s, the commodity economy was underdeveloped and the material was insufficient, but people's mental state was comfortable. Chinese people always control their self-needs. However, it can only be within a certain period and a certain limit to supplement the material deficiency with spirit and take thought as a substitute for material. In the long run, if you enjoy it, you may develop from replacing material with spirit to thinking that ideology can determine material existence. Some "thorough materialists" have abandoned the basic viewpoint of materialism: existence determines consciousness. Thirty years later, Dang Zhiguo wrote in his article: "…explaining various social phenomena with social consciousness. Good social phenomena are the product of good social consciousness, while bad social phenomena are the product of bad social consciousness, so all the problems are attributed to the promotion of one kind of thought and the criticism of another."

1957年,这种批判像火灾似的在清华大学里蔓延开来,烧向钱伟长,烧向黄万里……党治国走上台辩论:他们不是“右派”!党治国走进校党委办公室：他们不是“右派”！

In 1957, this kind of criticism spread like a fire in Tsinghua University, burning to Qian Weichang and Huang Wanli... Dang came to the stage to debate: they are not rightists! He entered the office of the school party Committee: they are not rightists!

“正是为了真正拥护党的方针政策,”他在会上说,“可以允许人们先怀疑一下。怀疑以后再把自己驳倒,这才是真正的信任,真正的拥护。”

"It is precisely in order to truly uphold the Party's principles and policies," he said at the meeting, "that people can be allowed to doubt first. Doubt and then refute yourself later, which is true trust and true support."

党治国讲话没有一点顾虑。他这个来自黄河边的人,像黄河一样古朴。他对党的感情、对党的忠诚,连一点杂质也没有,自然用不着担心自己说“错”话而成为“右派”。

Dang had no worries. He was a man from the Yellow River, as simple as the Yellow River. His feelings and loyalty to the party didn't even have any impurities, so he naturally didn't have to worry about saying something wrong to be a rightist.

但是,根据意识决定存在的“原理”,有“右派言论”的人,就是“右派”分子。

However, according to the principle that consciousness determines existence, those who have rightist remarks are rightists.

无限制地强调意识的作用,结果必定是走向反面——取消思想自由。党治国步他的老师们的后尘,也成了“右派”,而且是“极右”。他的一个同窗好友是个结巴,原先一见他老远就叫“党、党、党、党——治国!”憋上半天才憋出“治国”两个字,实在累人。结巴老弟就把他的名字简化成一个字:“党!”现在自然不敢再叫他“党”了。当着人连话也不敢说。只在没人注意时不用称呼地对他说上一句:“浪子回头金不换。”两个月后,没想到结巴老弟也成了“浪子右派”。浪子二号见了浪子一号,只能摇着头说一句:“往事不堪回首。”

Unlimited emphasis on the role of consciousness must lead to the opposite—abolition of freedom of thought. Dang Zhiguo followed in the footsteps of his teachers and became a "rightist" and an "ultra-rightist". One of his classmates was a stutter. When he saw him far away, he would shout "Dang, Dang, Dang, Dang—Zhiguo!" It was tiring to suppress the word "Zhiguo" for half a day. The stammer reduced his name to one word: "Dang!" Now naturally, he dared not call him "Dang" any more (In Chinese, Dang党 means the Party). He dared not speak in front of Dang Zhiguo. Only when no one noticed, he said to Dang Zhiguo without saying his name: "A prodigal who returns is more precious than gold." Two months later, no one expected that this stammer should become a "prodigal rightist". When the prodigal no.2 saw the prodigal no.1, he could only shake his head and say, "My past is unbearable to recall."

党治国成了“极右”后,三天没吃饭。他怎么会是“右派”呢?不过,党是不会错的。绝对。那么只有从自己身上找原因了。实在无法想通,只好先接受这个结论——是自己错了,再慢慢去想。

After Dang became the "ultra-rightist", he didn't eat for three days. How can he be a "rightist"? However, the party can't be wrong. Absolutely. Then he had to find the reason from himself. He really can't figure it out, so he had to accept this conclusion first that he was wrong and then think about it slowly.

1957年的“右派”里边,有多少人恰恰是先进生产力的代表。1956年党中央提出了“百花齐放、百家争鸣”的方针,到1957年先进生产力就急切爆发出来了。但是,对不起,请君入瓮吧。你们不应该有思想的自由,因为用不着你们思想。

Many of the "rightists" in 1957 were representatives of advanced productive forces? In 1956, the CPC Central Committee put forward the policy of "letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend", so in 1957, advanced productive forces popped up eagerly. But, I'm sorry, treating someone in your own ways. You should not have the freedom to think, because you don't need your thoughts.

有计划的盲目生产

Planned Blind Production

西安郊区有个新丰砖瓦厂。该厂取土制砖时发现了舍利精室。舍利,是指佛的骨灰。迎舍利,供舍利,是佛家,也是朝廷的大事。释迦牟尼火葬后,八国争夺舍利,百姓求分舍利,分不到的,用金、银、水晶、玛瑙等制作舍利。砖瓦厂发现的舍利精室,就是用水晶做的舍利代用品,水晶舍利装在玻璃瓶里,玻璃瓶装在饰有鎏金狮子、珍珠团花的金棺里。金棺置于饰满翡翠、玛瑙、珍珠、猫儿眼等等的银椁里。释迦如来涅槃后,他的骨灰的代用品都能住进造价这么高的圣地,足见百姓对佛的虔诚。

There is a Xinfeng brick and tile factory in the suburb of Xi'an. The Buddhist relics room was discovered when the factory took soil to make bricks. Buddhist relics refer to the ashes of Buddha. It is a great event for Buddhism and the imperial court to welcome and offer Buddhist relics. After the Buddha's cremation, eight countries competed for the relics, and the people asked for sharing the relics. If they couldn't get them, they made Buddhist relics with gold, silver, crystal and agate. The Buddhist relics room discovered by the brick and tile factory is a relic substitute made of crystal. The crystal relic was packed in a glass bottle, which was put in a gold coffin decorated with gold lions and pearl flowers. The gold coffin was placed in a silver coffin decorated with jadeite, agate, pearl, chrysoberyl and so on. After the Buddha's nirvana, the substitutes of his ashes can live in the holy land with such high cost, which shows the people's piety towards Buddha.

把自己的命运系在对佛的信仰上,这大约也是中国人的一种祖传吧。“右派分子”党治国看到报上关于亩产水稻6万斤,亩产红薯120万斤的报道后,不禁对党心悦诚服——国家现在能取得这么大的成绩,自然和清除“右派”有关系。自己成了“右派”,也值得了。

It is probably the ancestral tradition of Chinese people to tie their own destiny to their belief in Buddha. After reading the newspaper saying 60,000 jin of rice per mu and 1.2 million jin of sweet potatoes per mu, the "rightists" can't help but be convinced that the reason why the country can achieve such great achievements now was because of the elimination of the "rightists". It was worthwhile to become a "rightist".

就是买东西很不方便。以前可以招呼售货员:同志,请你给我称点什么。现在怎么可以叫人家同志呢?你已经不是人家的同志了。可是,上去就没头没脑地说, 你给我称点什么,又觉得不礼貌。

It was just that shopping was very inconvenient. He used to greet the salesman: Comrade, please weigh something for me. How can he call someone a comrade now? He was no longer a comrade. However, when he said, "You, weigh something for me" without previous thinking, it was impolite.

其实售货员谁知道你是“右派”？你自己干吗老给自己念紧箍咒？问题是党治国的确相信了自己是“右派”。因为他至诚地相信党,相信党的每一项运动,不再相信自己。

In fact, how can a salesman know that you are a "rightist"? Why do you always read yourself the Band-tightening Spell? The problem was that Dang Zhiguo really believed that he was a "rightist". Because he sincerely believed in the party, believes in every movement of the party, and no longer believed in himself.

既然相信自己是“右派”,就应该保持当“右派”的自觉性,丝毫马虎不得。

Since he believed that he was a "rightist", he thought that we should keep our consciousness of being "rightists", and we should not be careless at all.

清华大学的“右派”师生们被送到北京木城涧煤矿改造。打风钻。放炮。挖煤。背煤。1960年底,被开除了学籍的党治国回到家乡韩城县。这就是他的家乡吗?棉花掉了一地没人拣;红薯地里,农民们只拣面上的,不管地下的;干活不记工分;吃饭不要钱。每家的小锅都砸了大炼钢铁了。1959年的誓师会上已经喊出了小麦亩产100万斤。1960年的韩城人每天的粮食却不够半斤。西安火车站挤满了从各地逃荒来的人。

The "rightist" teachers and students in Tsinghua University were sent to Muchengjian Coal Mine in Beijing for reeducation, using the pneumatic drill and gunpowder, digging for coal and pulling coal. At the end of 1960, Dang, who was expelled from school, returned to his hometown, Hancheng County. Was this his hometown? Cotton fell all over the ground and no one picked it; In the sweet potato field, farmers only picked the one on the surface, regardless of those underground; Work points were useless; There was no need to pay money for dinner. Every small pot has been smashed to manufacture steel. At the pep rally in 1959, it was shouted that the yield per mu of wheat was 1 million jin. In 1960, however, Hancheng people didn't have half a jin of food every day. Xi'an railway station was crowded with people fleeing from all over the country.

这就是亩产多少万斤的结果?

This was the result of thousands of jin per mu?

人有多大胆,地有多大产。思想有多好,产量有多高。这些荒谬的事,为什么 没有人出来提意见? “反右”的损失首先不是把几十万人打成“右派”,而是否定了一个民主原则——让人讲话的原则。

The bolder people are, the more productive the fields will be. The better the ideological awareness is, the higher the production will be. Why didn't anyone come out to give advice on these absurd things? First of all, the loss of "anti-rightist" is not to label hundreds of thousands of people as "rightists", but to deny a democratic principle—the principle of making people speak.

唐代长安诗人写过一首有名的《宫词》:

A poet living in Chang'an in Tang Dynasty wrote a famous Gong Ci (a kind of poetry depicting daily trivia of emperors in the imperial court):

“寂寂花时闭院门,美人相并立琼轩。含情欲说宫中事,鹦鹉前头不敢言。”

"Many doors of the palace are closed, and people feel lonely even when flowers bloom. Before the gorgeous window, beauties stand side by side. They want to tell the story of the palace with tender affection, but don’t dare to speak easily as a parrot is in front."

面对“鹦鹉前头不敢言”的局面,党治国认真地开始了他的怀疑。一天吃不到多少东西,所以也干不了多少活。他开始大量读书,尤其是读马列著作。三十多年后他在一篇文章里写道:“当不承认重力规律的人从高山上往下跳的时候,重力规律不因为得不到这个人的承认而退避三舍。同样,当个人意志、国家意志以至全社会意志不承认某一经济规律的时候,这一经济规律不仅仍然要发生作用,而且发生作用的方式是相当无情和揶揄的。”“有计划的盲目生产比之生产的无政府状态对生产的破坏更大。”

Faced with the situation that "don’t dare to speak easily as a parrot is in front", Dang Zhiguo seriously doubted something. As he can't eat much in one day, he can't do much work. He began to read a lot of books, especially Marxist-Leninist works. More than 30 years later, he wrote in an article: "When a person who does not recognize the law of gravity jumps down from a high mountain, the law of gravity will not be invalid even if it is not recognized by this person. Similarly, when the will of the individual, the state and even the whole society do not recognize a certain economic law, this economic law not only still has to work, but also the way it works is quite ruthless and embarrassing." "The planned blind production is more destructive to production than it in a state of anarchy."

计划经济要是违反了经济规律,就不是个别的、偶然的违反,而是整体的“有计划”地违反,后果自然严重。

If the planned economy violates economic laws, it is not an violation individually or accidentally, but an overall "planned" violation, so the consequences are naturally serious.

党治国在发生一种变化:由当“右派”的自觉性向做人的自觉性变化。他那长自黄河边的古朴而青春的体内,自信心正在恢复。他写了一副对联:

A change was taking place in Dang Zhiguo: from the consciousness of being a "rightist" to the consciousness of being a man. His self-confidence was recovering in the simple and youthful body that grew from the Yellow River. He wrote a couplet:

常保数百卷书千载不做小人 时缺几十斤粮一身仍是大汉

If you can keep hundreds of books regularly, you will not be reduced to a lowly profession for thousands of years; Even though you lack dozens of jin of food sometimes, you is still a man

“文化革命”的经济根源

The Economic Root of the Cultural Revolution

胸挺腰直,血液畅通,大脑能得到丰富的血液供应,人的思维能力便能达到最佳点。党治国为了获得思维的最佳点,每天劳动回来,必定端坐在床前读《资本论》。或者说,是因为需要啃下《资本论》,他才找到这个最佳点。

When the chest is straight, the blood is unblocked, the brain can get rich blood supply, so people's thinking ability can reach the best point. In order to get the best point of thinking, Dang must sit upright in front of the bed and read Capital: A Critique of Political Economy after he came back from work every day. In other words, because he needed to understand this book, he found this best point.

这是1970年2月,“右派”党治国在理所当然地历经批斗、游街等等“文革”系列把戏之后,被判了20年徒刑。

In February 1970, the "rightist" Dang Zhiguo was sentenced to 20 years in prison after the series of tricks of the Cultural Revolution, such as struggle session and street parading.

“我说老党,”同室关押的犯人问他,“你判刑最长,怎么不见你发愁呢?”

"Hey, old Dang," asked the inmate in his room, "you have been sentenced the longest. Why don't you worry?"

“愁什么?”

"Worry about what?"

“等你20年刑满释放出来,你都50多岁了!”

"When you are released from prison for 20 years, you are in your 50s!"

“不会的。”

"It won't happen."

“怎么不会?你现在35岁,再过20年,不是55岁?”

"Why not? You're 35 now, 20 years from now, not 55?"

“不会关这么长。20年是他们的意志。但社会的发展不是以他们的意志为转移的。我相信规律。我相信我最多坐10年牢。”

"I won't be locked up for so long. Twenty years is their will. But the development of society is not transferred by their will. I believe in laws. I believe I need to be in prison for 10 years at most."

“嘿!那你整天看《资本论》,演算数学题干什么？瞧瞧,什么价值、增长额、工资、劳动目的!”

"Hey! Then why do you read the Capital: A Critique of Political Economy and calculate math problems all day? Look, value, growth, salary and labor purpose!"

“我要研究资本家有多少钱,”党治国狡黠地一笑,“将来我好管理这些钱。”

"I want to study how much money capitalists have," Dang said with a sly smile. "I can manage this money in the future."

自然这是一句戏言。不过他在潜意识里认定自己只要不死,就要研究经济问题,研究尚被忽略、但非解决不可的经济问题。因为问题已经愈来愈清晰地显示出来了:一切社会变革的后面,都有经济规律的作用。他党治国落到20年在押犯的地步,中国落到全国上下“脱产闹革命”的地步,绝不仅仅是错误思想的产物,而是有深刻的经济根源的。

Naturally, this is a joke. However, he subconsciously thought that as long as he did not die, he would study economic problems, which were still neglected but must be solved. Because the problem has become more and more clear: behind all social changes, there are economic laws. It was not only the product of wrong ideas, but also had profound economic roots that he became a prisoner for 20 years and people all over the country left their company to work for a revolution.

（当然,那时的党治国还不知道中国有个“四人帮”——本人侧重谈经济。）

(Of course, at that time, Dang did not know that there was a Gang of Four in China. I focused on the economy.)

经过三年困难时期,我们汲取了一些教训,采取了一些措施。经济得到发展后,必然要求上层建筑有相应的变革。发展了的生产カ必然要求生产关系有相应的变革。这就激化了变革的力量和反变革的力量的斗争。于是批“三自一包”,批“修正主义”。于是高呼“无产阶级专政万岁”。

After three difficult years, we have learned some lessons and taken some measures. After the development of economy, it is inevitable to require corresponding changes in superstructure. Developed production inevitably requires corresponding changes in production relations. This intensifies the struggle between the forces of change and the forces against change. Therefore, we criticized the agricultural economic policy including managing our own land, free market and taking responsibility for our own profits and losses and household responsibility system. We also criticized revisionism. So we shouted "Long live the dictatorship of the proletariat".

热昏的头脑是无从知道自己的疯狂行为后边的真实原因的。党治国知道。不 是因为他的头脑比人家清醒,而是因为他的经历和感受为他提供了他需要弄清的 思想。1957年他在“清华”眼睁睁地看到那些代表先进生产カ的专家、教授被专了 政。他自己本是满怀着到祖国最艰苦的地方去的理想而报考了清华水利系。他受 了《远离莫斯科的地方》这本小说的影响。他要远离大城市。艰苦的环境本身就 是ー种吸引力。与困难做斗争本身就是ー种吸引力。去做别人做不到的事就是ー 种吸引力。为伟大理想献身就是ー种吸引力。一个全省第一的学生满怀献身的热 情出现在清华水利系,这在50年代自然也是先进生产カ的ー个分子,因此也难逃 被专政的命运。

后来党治国长年在陕西铜川当井下掘进工。下煤井的活,以前被称为“三块石 头夹ー块肉”一危险。当时在井下炸煤层,都是正向爆破。就是在煤层打好洞, 放进五六个炸药包后,先引爆最里边的那个炸药包,然后一个个往外引爆。爆炸时 高压气体膨胀,往外冲出,分散了爆炸的カ度。为什么不能倒过来,先引爆最外边 的那个炸药包、搞反向爆破呢?那样不就可以爆カ集中了吗?党治国违反了操作 规程,搞起了反向爆破。开始是悄悄地。在80年代,人们会认为反向爆破的道理 是再简单明了不过的。但是在60年代,谁第一个提出把正向爆破改成反向爆破, 是很难得到认可的。

在无人知晓的情况下试验成功了,也就得到认可了。

1965年,随着国家经济形势的好转,党治国成了当地煤炭先进技术传播团的 ー个分子。党治国运用这个爆力集中的原理,集中他的精力,一个时期搞ー项技术 革新。但是,生产カ要求发展的结果,是又一次遭到“革命”。“突出政治”，“再论 突出政治”。人人政治化,社会泛政治化。生产カ就一而再,再而三地受到压制。

于是党治国组织了一个共产主义小组,辅导大家学习《共产党宣言》《马克思 主义的三个来源和三个组成部分》等等。30年后他自嘲地对我说,那时候他其实 是个空想共产主义者。不过那时候他可是实实在在地进行他的“共产主义”事业 的。他连篇累牍地写文章,不仅批“右”,而且批“左”。他只能打着批“右”的旗号 来批“左”。这种逆向思维比反向爆破还危险。所以对有家室的好友,他ー个都不 让他们参加这个共产主义小组。他只要单身男子。果然不久他就被抓起来了。妻 子被逼离婚。于是他也成了单身男子。不过他得侍奉一双父母和抚养ー个孩子。

判了 20年徒刑的单身男子挺胸直腰地坐在监狱的床前,运用爆力集中的原理 攻读《资本论》。《资本论》的扉页上,赫然写着:马列主义者党治国。

“你还看马列,人家就是用马列把你关进来的!”

“不。那是违背了马列才把我关进来的。”

后来党治国在他的文章里写道:“无产阶级革命的目的绝不是要用自己的面貌 改造世界,使全社会成员都变成无产者,而是要改变自己的面貌,使自己和社会全 体成员都变成有财产的人,最后使一切生产资料为社会全体成员所共有。”

“左”倾路线被认为オ是对整体利益的维护。而当大多数人的利益都受到不 同程度的损害时,所谓“整体利益,就变成了一小撮人的特权。社会主义并不是ー 部分人的专利,而是全人类解放的科学。ー个国家的社会主义性质只能用每个社 会成员的解放程度、自由发展的程度和富裕增长的程度来衡量,而不能用这个社会 对自己的评价来判断” 〇 " ‘左‘倾路线的二十余年,就是不断发起政治运动抑制矛 盾、打击改革要求的过程。”是的,极“左”路线下固有的、一成不变的所有制,不可 能随时调节生产カ和生产关系的矛盾。大跃进。大锅饭。割资本主义尾巴。宁要 社会主义的草。商品经济是资本主义经济的代名词,计划经济是社会主义经济的 代名词。践踏经济规律的结果,是经济规律迫使我们付出巨大的代价,然后还得按 经济规律办事。

我登上西安城南大雁塔64米高的顶层向下望去,便想起白居易的诗:“百千家 似围棋局,十二街如种菜畦。”从大雁塔通往西安车站的十里长街如同一条直线,很 像围棋盘上的棋格。西安的街道使人联想到规规矩矩的单向思维。大雁塔下的景 致使人感到单调和缺憾。当年玄奘从印度带回657部梵文经典,就在此地译经十 载。公元648年,唐太宗为玄奘所译诸经写总序。唐太宗实行均田制、租庸调法等 经济改革,发展外贸和文化交流,乃至把文成公主嫁给吐蕃王松赞十布等,终于出 现盛唐局面。盛唐的长安与上百个国家和地区交往。满载丝绸的商队从长安出 发,路经中亚、南亚、西亚,直抵欧洲。丝绸之路沿线的古城楼兰,人称“沙漠中的庞 贝城”,是商品集散地和中转贸易站。

唐朝经济的发达,和思想文化的发达是对称的。中国人从小就背《唐诗三百 首》,历来都研究唐代文学,可惜太少研究唐代经济。儒家传统主张以德治国,有没 有经济ー样治国。但是就算10亿人都能背下《唐诗三百首》,也依然不能在这个世 上立足的。

1300多年过去了,解放30多年了。人们向我介绍西安,不是讲兵马俑,就是讲 李白醉卧长安,再不背诵谪仙人的诗:“长安一片月,万户捣衣声。”这使我想起老 年人,老人的心态是喜欢回忆过去。

今天的西安即使不和发达国家做横向比较,即使只是自己和自己比,变化是不 是也太小了一点?有人对我说:西安地下的比地上的好看。这天我走进城郊一家 饭馆,满地的碎骨头剩菜!油垢的饭桌,污浊的塑料酒杯,发黑的香肠和发干的松 花蛋。如果唐代的诗人墨客到此ー游,恐怕会拂袖而去吧。李白大约会仰天长啸: 吃饭难,难于上青天!不过20世纪80年代的顾客们,习惯地熟练地在这里痛饮饱 食。而我觉得难以下咽。更何况跳蚤像小人ー样在对我进行防不胜防的袭击。我 应该入乡随俗?我应该改造自己的思想,改造自己的脾胃?不,我不想去适应这些 今天不应有的落后的、不文明的一切。中国人不应该在80年代的今天还坐在碎骨 头剩菜间吃黑香肠〇我们必须改造这样的饭馆,使之适应更文明的需求,而不是让 我们去适应它。

党治国在他的经济论文中写道:“当社会不是从基本的经济事实出发,而是从 原则和原理出发,动员思想的、政治的和法律的力量同客观经济规律进行斗争的时 候（’十年动乱’就是这样典型的时期）,社会付出巨额的经济代价,得到的却是败 坏的社会风气和死气沉沉的萧条景象。”

头脑此心脏重要

1975年,邓小平同志出来工作了。在押犯党治国感到好像自己刑满释放ー样 的高兴。他觉得这下自己的思想轨迹能合上中央政策的轨迹了。本来嘛,无产阶 级夺取政权以后,发展生产カ就是无产阶级的根本利益所在。国家的转机来了,他 党治国的转机就会来。他把他的希望全部系于小平同志的身上。

但是他等到的却是批邓。

他的头发一下子全白了,稀疏了。

他这个铁铮铮的黑大汉,一下变成了老汉。以前不管在游街时,在监狱中,他 的心里经常回荡着他最喜爱的《斗牛士之歌》的旋律。可是从此他再也想不起他 那斗牛英雄了,他只记得伏尔加船夫曲了 :唉嗨哟,唉嗨哟……

他并不怕死,准确地说,他最不怕的就是死。但他怕绝望,尤其怕从希望的顶 峰突然掉进绝望的深渊。

社会上大批右倾翻案风,监狱里党治国首当其冲。ー个彻底绝望的人,就是一 个可怕的人。你们不是要批我翻案复辟吗?好,他自己带头批自己一他不仅要 复辟资本主义,而且要复辟封建主义,而且复辟原始共产主义。他从头坏到脚,从 脚烂到头。

他实在没有生之留恋了。

他本来就不重视他这个躯体的物质存在。1967年西安武斗,有一天他把两手 插进大衣口袋,大模大样地走向射击密集地。他当时只不过产生了一个奇怪的想 法:人中了枪弹是什么感觉?事后想来,那三四十米的射击区里,只他ー个人在做 死亡游戏,实在也觉得后怕了 一不是怕死,是怕死得没意义。

1968年他在牛棚里给吊打得晕死过去。迷迷糊糊中,听到有人在说:“把党治 国打死了也没关系。他死了更好,少了一个反革命。”不,他可不能这么不清不白地 死去!

1970年铜川市把他判了死刑上报省里,省里那次共有七个死刑犯的名单。但 据说这ー批只枪毙四个,党治国的名字是第五个。又活了过来。打“右派”有指 标,抓“现行反革命”有指标,枪毙人有指标。那就是说,不是因为你有罪オ杀你, 而是因为要杀你オ有罪。

前四个人当时都给枪毙了,后来都给平反了。如果将来科学发达了,平反的人 都能复活就好了。不过这四个人已被打得脑浆迸裂,怕是怎么也复活不了啦。

党治国听到前四名死刑犯的命运后,不寒而栗。现代医学认为判断ー个人是 否死亡,首先是看脑子,而不是心脏。头脑比心脏重要。人要是不能思索,不让思 索,那就活像是精神的殉葬。西安郊区的前朝古墓里,当初有多少宫女殉葬,多少 工匠被活埋!不过秦朝已经比过去进化了,用大量的“俑殉”代替大量的人殉。秦 始皇墓附近有三个兵马俑坑。光是一号坑,就有6000件陶俑、陶马,将军俑、武官 俑、战袍俑、铠甲俑、跪射俑、立射俑等等。武士俑排成38路纵队,保护着秦始皇的 僵尸,保护着僵硬的封建体系。

兵马俑馆的ー侧,停放着一大溜前来参观者乘坐的汽车。汽车的式样是五花 八门的,汽车的产地却只有一个一日本。偌大的兵马俑馆天天吸引着成千成千 的参观者。每天有一千多外宾。香港报纸说里根拍中国马屁,因为里根摸了一下 陶马的屁股。法国总理希拉克说世界有七大奇迹,秦俑的发现可以说是八大奇迹 了。不过,发掘违反经济规律的教训比发掘古迹更紧迫。较之馆内的兵马俑,馆外 的奇迹更给我以强大的刺激 字长蛇阵地摆着的日产汽车,强化了的日本经 济发展的奇迹。

经济发展和政治民主是互为作用的。体制的生命力在于自身有新陈代谢的功 能,自身能不断选择和更迭各个层次的领导者,自身能不断调整和更新生产关系。 党治国写道:“社会主义的扩大再生产还应扩大再生产出社会主义的生产关系。” 是的,我们不仅要生产出更多的工农业产品,我们首先要生产出更科学、更合理的 生产关系。

生一产一关一系?

文凭可以补发,思维不能重复

活着的头脑是不能停止思索的。1978年召开全国科学大会的前タ,党治国在 监狱里提出他也要向科学大会献礼。他在狱中写了《凿岩机最佳轴推力的研究》 和《评皆吉斯朵夫的风钻轴推力公式》等论文,搞了水玻璃泮火机、铿盘的复活技 术、自动淬水筛等好几项革新。1980年他ー出狱,浮肿着脸就到处搞科技资料,四 方出击地发表了关于热处理、轴承、电炉和风动工具等十来篇论文。

1984年底他调到西安市民用煤研究所工作。他这个清华大学水利系学生进 入“右派”生涯后,有!〇年就是在煤矿里打风钻（即凿岩机）〇当初风钻没有支架, 往高处打洞时,党治国本可以搬个随便什么物件,站上去打。但他嫌费事。他总是 急急地想多干活。他ー见活就着急。他举起60斤重的风钻顶在头上打洞,他那大 高个子就是ー个活动支架。不过风钻开动时那每分钟震动!800次带来的噪音,整 整伤害了他10年。为什么还要听任这种伤人的声波在矿里继续肆虐?！

党治国把气动凿岩机的设计图纸送到ー些有条件生产的工厂。技术人员ー看 就明白,可是领导们说:这只不过是图纸,没有样机来证明。

可是,党治国是测试过数据,证实了原理的。

可是,连风钻的使用单位也不想关心这种新型风钻的产生,因为制造和他们 无关。

正儿八经搞制造的エ厂,ー想生产新机器要投资新设备,投资本身就带有冒险 性质。冒险的事不干。

洛阳有个厂或许有可能生产。党治国用上他四年没用的探亲假赶去了,住在 洛阳ー个旅馆里,每天的伙食是四个烧饼。这每天四个烧饼,引起了同屋ー个人的 注意。他是江苏泰兴ー个乡办厂的负责人。乡镇企业有自主权,有变革自己落后 面貌的愿望,有靠开发新产品闯出路子的需要。他先是为党治国的四个烧饼所感 动,后是为党治国的凿岩机所打动,决定把这个项目带回江苏去搞。

小厂很有积极性,当下投进两三万元的资金。但是,这么ー个突破传统结构的 凿岩机,让ー个乡办小厂搞,从资金到人力,都难以继续下去。具有研制能力的大 单位,又不想列入计划。那么,党治国自己集资?

清华大学的教授们,黄万里已经寄来了 !00元,钱伟长就要寄钱来了……

中国几十年来割资本主义尾巴,近几年小心翼翼地提出一部分人先富起来。 党治国哪里去找这些先富起来的人?党治国怎么能筹集这上万上万的资金?

他原先以为出了监狱就是解放了。1980年他是被提前释放的。如果按原判 20年的话,他本应服刑到1990年。既然对他是错判,那么能不能还他时间呢?

当然这是幻想。清队时有个人分不清“幻”字和“幼”字,以为只是意思相通读 音不同。每每在对党治国们训话时,用上他以为很有学问的话:“一切幻想都是幼 想! 一切幼想都是幻想!”ー个“党治国专案组”五个人一年就得花ー万多元钱,应 该有人做个社会调查一全国有过多少专案组、调查组,用了多少人力,用了多少 金钱,解决了多少问题,制造了多少冤案。侵犯的人权,要不要追究法律责任?浪 费的金钱,要不要承担经济损失?

不该查不该调的内查外调所花的巨额投资如果用来开发新产品,那么开发的 岂止是产品,还有是积极性,是人!

为了个人的利害关系用公家的钱去整人,是不会心疼钱的;为了企业的发展多 揽一件事,又何必找这个麻烦?企业搞不搞新产品,于个人有什么利益?

我站在秦陵二号铜车马跟前,不胜感慨! 2000多年前就有这样的工艺水平! ー共3000多个部件,根据铸件性能的不同,采用不同的合金比例,青铜的冶铸技术 和现在基本相仿,机械连接采用的是现在仍在广泛使用的键连接、饺链连接等等。 马身上装配的金当卢、金银泡等饰件和用具就有2500多件。铜车马在地下埋了 2000多年了,至今链条非常灵活,车的门窗开关自如！

我们的先人在公元前就有这样的科学技术水平,那么2000年后的今天,进展 如何呢?

进展也好,不进展也好,反正照样拿エ资。

我打开清华大学第002150号毕业证书。证书上是ー张像出土文物似的老人 相片。不知是因为五十来岁的党治国照得比他实际年龄更老,还是因为他现在的 相片放在大学毕业证书上实在不相称而愈加显老。50年代的清华大学水利系学 生在80年代拿到了补发的毕业文凭。不过他已经不想把他的主要精力放在科技 上了。

文凭可以补发,思维不能重复。他积几十年之教训,感到首先要面对的是一 生产关系。

没有主人的企业

那些国营企业为什么不想创新产品、不想要人才?农村改革势如破竹,为什么 到城市以后改革就步履维艰?乡镇企业拳打脚踢,生气勃勃,国营企业为什么缺乏

活力?原因是什么?症结在哪里?

党治国的回答是:“企业中没有真正的主人。”

工人不是企业的主人吗?解放初,我们就宣传工人当家做了主。三十多年过 去了,难道还没成为企业的主人? “三十多年来一直对国营企业的职エ进行主人翁 思想教育这件事本身,恰恰证明国营企业职エ不是企业的主人。”党治国写道,“一 对年轻夫妇买了一台彩电,等不到走出商店的大门,对于这台彩电的主人翁思想, 便像铁钉ー样钉入了他们的脑海,根本用不着对他们进行主人翁思想的教育。”

我们不是承认思想是第二性的吗?那么,主人翁思想也应该是被物质存在决 定的オ对。党治国的思考方向带有科学性。

我们常常可以看到这种场面:ー个工厂突然停电了,或者是机器坏了,工人们 喜形于色,奔走相告。因为既可以早回家,又算是出勤了,エ资照发。企业的亏损 或盈利和职エ的利益没有多大关系。群众不能多得,但是可以少劳。职エ对企业 的冷漠态度,不过是企业所有制关系在职エ意识中的反映。

企业的领导是不是主人?当然我们有很多优秀的领导,但是为什么报纸上经 常有这样的披露:

“新华社长春7月21日电:吉林铁合金厂9名厂级干部在不到两年的时间里, 平均每人晋升5.28级,其中最高的长了 7.5级;1984年,每人平均得奖金1770多 元,是职エ奖金的4.4倍。”（1985年7月22日《西安晚报》）

“鞍钢钢铁研究所联合实验厂三名领导干部’以官论奖’,乱分奖金现象严重。 他们在不到九个月的时间里,每人平均分得奖金8600余元,相当于工人奖金的19 倍,在职エ中造成恶劣影响。”（1985年8月6日《工人日报》）

“这类国营企业的领导人,他们作风上的损害国家及职エ利益以自肥,和工作 上的极端不负责任,说明他们也不是企业的主人。”

“主人不盗窃自己的财产。”党治国ー语道破了问题的实质。

他进ー步论证说:“主人就是人格化的所有权。作为企业的主人,他个人的利 益和命运应该同企业的兴衰和前途是息息相关的。他在企业中的利益,绝不是ー 个可以忽略的量。例如对于ー个拥有woo万元资金和woo名职エ的企业来说, 每个职エ推动的生产资金为1万元。而如果每个职エ仅仅以社会全体成员之一, 也就是说作为我国10亿人口之一的身份享有对企业的所有权,那么企业的资产对 于每个职エ来说就只有0.01元。企业的倒闭只使职エ个人损失1分钱,又怎么能 期望每个职エ把企业的存亡当作自己性命攸关的事情呢?”

当ー个人对于企业财产拥有的数量,足以影响他的生存并决定他的贫富的时 候,他方才称得上企业的真正主人,而不仅仅是观念上的主人。主人的权利表现在 参与企业的决策和管理的权利;在企业按劳动参加分配的权利;按对企业财产占有 量参加利润分配的权利。

农村实行联产承包责任制获得成功,有人便以为承包万能,在城市里也大搞承 包。但“包字进城”并没有取得预想的结果。党治国找出了其中的原因。农民承 包成功,关键是权利和义务的对等。超产固然使农民首先得利,歉产也使农民首先 亏损。经营责任者没有责任能力（赔偿能力）,是国有企业严重存在而又难以解决 的实际问题。有的厂长说,我给国家亏损了几十万。可有什么办法?把我这ー百 多斤交给孙二娘卖人肉包子,也卖不了几个钱嘛。

没有责任能力的时候,就可能不负责任。好比叫ー个3岁的小孩上街买彩电, 他在路上把钱丢了,你也无可奈何,因为小孩没有这个责任能力。

党治国把问题做了进ー步的引申,说明国营企业缺乏持久的活力,是ー个包括 社会主义和资本主义国家在内的世界性问题。我们在理论上承认职エ是企业的主 人,却不知道主人的财产权究竟在哪里?主人,这是ー个确切的经济事实,而不是 ー个思想概念。它确定职エ在企业中的地位,使职エ看到关系着自己的命运的可 变的经济利益,唤起职エ的负责精神!

“走后门”和经济规律

主人不在,后门洞开。

有些紧俏商品,例如名牌自行车,凭票证供应。票证本来是无价的,但是人们 通过送礼、行贿从后门搞来的票证,就是有价的了。交换越发展,票证就越能得到 它的充分价值。最后,ー张票证甚至可卖到100来元。

名牌自行车的供销矛盾,本来可以通过调整价格来解决。如果原来值150元 ー辆,可以提高到200元、250元,提高到ー定程度,供销就会趋向平衡。每辆自行 车多卖的钱,就用来扩大名牌自行车的生产。

但是我们却用票证来限制购买。结果是100元钱从前门送不进,只好从后门 送给了私人。自行车的充分价格,通过曲折的道路实现了。

所以,经济规律不仅不以人们的意志为转移,反过来还要转移人们的意志。党 治国发表了他的论文:《经济规律在行动中一论走后门是济经规律遇阻时发生作 用的ー种形式》。

“走后门等不正之风不过是国家花巨款买来的社会祸害。它是经济规律遇阻 时发生作用的ー种形式,也是经济规律对于诸如'物价稳定’’等价交换’、否定地 租规律等固定观念的惩罚〇” “人们所能改变的,只是经济规律发生作用的形式,而 不能改变经济规律本身。”

我走到西安的城墙下,城墙周长!1.9公里,高12米,顶宽!2至14米。真是 庞大的防御体系。给人安全感和封闭感。这是明朝朱元璋修建的:“高筑墙,广积 粮,缓称王。”后来我们继承传统,提出了“深挖洞,广积粮,不称霸”。结果是即使 称霸也未必具有威慑力量,至今吃饭还要粮票,西安市中心的地下防空洞改装成了 低档的游乐场。洞内墙壁剥落,洞里传出粗重的迪斯科乐声。售票员姑娘在众目 睽睽之下用廉价的化妆品细细地对着小镜子抹脸。好像她的工作不是售票,而是 做化妆讲座。

有什么样的经济基础,就会产生什么样的生活水准和精神素质。经济规律活 动在我们的各个领域中。

尤其突出地活动在住房问题中。我走进城郊党治国的家。屋顶是一根根劈开 的树杆,有一根树干上写着一行字:“公元一九八五年金秋九月三日正午新屋上梁 大吉。”自然是农民房了。这ー间二十多平方米的房,如果在别处就得收月租35元 到45元。但这里近处是铁道,噪音不断。窗后是煤厂的大煤堆。一年四季不敢开 窗,免得刮一屋子煤灰,所以月租是25元。

“这就是地租规律。”党治国对我说,“这是由供需关系决定的。不过住房商品 化至今难以推行,总是有人反对吧。人的本能就是利益的本能。现在有些地方,盖 房用了一年时间,分房倒用了两年时间。分房比盖房还难。因为违反了地租规律、 经济规律。

“用行政手段分房,来代替经济规律平衡人口的分布,结果是人们将为之付出 活动费和贿赂。这只不过是社会自愿放弃的房租的转化形式。贿赂的多少不是由 特权者的贪欲或是行贿者的经济状况决定的,而是由地租规律及其受阻程度决 定的。”

我想起我走进党治国家之前,附近不少农民在盖房,自然又是商品房。我乘坐 的那辆汽车差点和一辆运砖的马车相撞一太挤了。人。砖。水泥。木料。而这 个盖房大竞赛的总指挥是:经济规律。

思想的局限

“两栖人”党治国在继续研制气动凿岩机的同时,又在经济理论的岩层上向更 深的层次开凿:他的经济论文《论剪刀差》《经济规律在行动中一论走后门是经 济规律受阻时发生作用的ー种形式》《一个重要的经济规律一论基本分配规律》 等ー篇篇地发表了。不过都发在科技刊物上。这未必是经济规律受阻,而是学术 空气受阻时发生作用的ー种形式。

党治国抓住了事物的根本一经济规律的指挥棒,他便能听清思想工作中的 不和谐音了:

公有制下的企业,只有在一定条件下,即革命胜利后革命政党和那些受到 革命鼓舞的群众还保持着革命热情和充满着革命理想那样ー个黄金时代,才 能正常运转和迅速发展。随着革命热情被利害的打算冷却,革命理想为日常 的现实所冲淡,这些企业的弊病就出来了。

我们曾经把共产主义简化为小生产者的平均主义,并且宣布是马上就可 以进入的“天堂”。当这种共产主义的幼稚幻想被残酷的事实粉碎后,又代之 以“阶级斗争要搞ー万年”的极度悲观的论调,并由此诱发出人整人,狂热。 人们对一万年以后的共产主义无从稽考,所以光用共产主义的豪言壮语难以 普遍地激发人们的热情了。

对于未来,我们更多谈及的,往往是多少产量、多少收入等等物质生活的 提高。很少论及我们的社会主义将有什么发展,我们的所有制、生产方式、分 配关系、政治制度、家庭结构、人际关系、思想观念,到时候是什么样子。

当我们常常用未来物质生活如何丰富的数字来充塞人们的头脑时,又怎 能希望只用思想和劝善来填补精神的匮乏呢!

现在常常听到责备人们“向钱看”。权利和义务是不可分的。权利超过 义务,就会不负责任,以权谋私;义务超过权利,人们就会推卸责任而变得冷 漠,并变着法弥补自己被忽略的利益。这两类表现,可以归之于“觉悟不高” 或“思想落后”吧。不过这种道义上的谴责和政治上的批评并不能解决根本 问题。撤销职务和法律惩处虽然儆戒未来,却无助于弥补已经造成的经济损 失。何况被撤掉的职务本来就不属于被撤职者自己。

主人公的责任感,说到底,首先不是ー种思想问题,而是ー个所有权的问 题。只有当每个社会成员清楚地感受到社会主义所有制对自己究竟意味着什 么,オ会真正关心社会主义经济的现状和未来,オ会真正以主人的身份行使自 己的支配权、劳动权和分配权。

在这种情况下,反复对人们进行主人翁思想教育,将只会使他们感到诧 异。如同你在路上突然被人拉住,向你宣传你要对自己的身体倍加爱护ー样。 既然人们事实上是社会的主人,并且每个人无一例外地从主人的地位中得到 了实际的利益,他们自然而且必然会关心生产资料的正确支配和合理使用,把 社会主义事业的发展看作与自己性命攸关的事情。

不能把共产主义这一具有鲜明时代特征的科学等同于自古以来就有的舍 己为人、公而忘私乃至降格到积德行善的水平。原始公社时期那种“不独亲其 亲,不独子其子”的人际关系,并不是思想觉悟的表现,而是由生产资料公有制 的关系决定的。共产主义不是一种孤立的品质,而是ー种标志着一个社会发 展阶段的生产关系、社会关系的科学。这就如同卖菜时很会算账的同志未必 懂得高等数学ー样。

理想和热情必须从科学社会主义的经济基础上产生出来,不可能附着在 过时的体制上。列宁说:“依靠信念、忠诚和其他优秀的精神品质,这在政治上 是完全不严肃的。”这里还要加上一句:这在经济上也是完全不严肃的。

这里丝毫不包含轻视思想的作用,而是说观念是和利益连接在ー起的。马克 思说,精神从ー开始就很倒霉,注定要受物质的纠缠。离开了具体的物质利益,单 纯靠思想工作来解决所有问题是不现实的。

党治国企图说明和坚持的,是意识由存在来决定的唯物主义基本原理。

经济ー团糟的经济理论家

党治国对社会主义所有制关系的研究,主张要严格区别公有和共有这两个概 念。马克思、恩格斯在《共产党宣言》中强调:“在发展进程中,当阶级差别已经消 失而全部生产集中在联合起来的个人的手里的时候,公众的权利就失去政治的性 质。”党治国由此认为,科学社会主义所有制,是“联合起来的个人”的所有制,即共 有制。社会主义共有制是社会主义公有制的必要准备。社会主义公有制是社会主 义共有制的必然趋势。公有不能量化,共有可以量化到个人。

公有也罢,共有也罢,党治国自己是ー无所有〇

他1980年出狱后,到现在已经搬了六次家,这オ搬到这间靠着煤山、傍着火车 轨道的符合地租规律的农民房里。杜甫当年疾呼:安得广厦千万间,大庇天下寒士 俱欢颜。当代寒士党治国和他的父母、儿子的衣物连同他们四个人,加起来用ー辆 东风三轮就可以拉着跑了。所以尽管东搬西挪地到处借房,倒也不算费事。 1986年的中国,城市里居然还有这样穷困的角落。一眼望去,这间屋里不是 板子,就是绳子。旧板子搁在长凳上,是党治国和他儿子的床。他父母睡ー张借来 的旧板床,床腿绑着绳子倒也能站得住。凳子的腿也绑着绳子。破写字桌上,又是 用ー根白绳子系着一个自己用烟纸卷就的灯罩。

还有大案板和小板箱。

党治国这30年,从精神到肉体的挨板子,从精神到肉体的被捆绑,终算安定下 来了,陪伴他的又多是板子和绳子!我只觉ー阵苦楚。

恩格斯说过,马克思是最大的经济学家,可是他自己的经济ー团糟。

一位朋友为说话而说话:“今天天气很好。”

“1970年的时候,我弟弟唯一的愿望就是但求有个好天气。”党治国说,“当时 已经决定判我死刑了。家里人有什么办法?只求能从刑场拉回我的尸体。弟弟借 好了架子车,可是我老家韩城离铜川有三四百里地,要是赶上雨天,那ー趟泥地够 我弟弟拉的!我既然必死无疑,家里人就退ー步只希望有个好天气了。”

党治国好像在叙述一件与己无关的事。淡淡的。也许他遇到的悲剧太多了? 也许他们韩城人有判刑后发奋的传统?他的书桌旁贴着一幅韩城人司马迁狱中写 《史记》的画。党治国在狱中通读《资本论》三遍,自然还读凡能入狱的马、恩、列、 斯、毛的著作。监狱里来了新犯人,每每叫党治国来ー个节目一背诵《矛盾论》 和《实践论》,一字不差。

读书之余便是写作。他这间板子加绳子的屋里,唯一可以进入80年代的,是 他妹妹送他的ー只红皮箱,箱里全是他写的经济学论文的手稿。在剪刀差、所有制 等等的中间,扎眼地珍藏着一部精装本的《简・爱》。这是他第四次买《简・爱》 了。抄走一本,再买一本。以他现在还欠债一千来元的经济条件,去买一本不知读 过多少遍的小说锁于箱里,足见他对简・爱这个女主角的偏爱了。我不由得望望 箱边堆着的脏衣服,那么,箱里的简・爱便是这屋的单身男子的妻了。

没有一个个人问题是超越社会平均水平之上的。

他的个人命运和祖国的命运是完全一致的。

1957年以前国家是发展的,他个人是顺利的。1957年国家受损失,他个人受 挫折。1962年国家开始恢复元气,他摘掉了“右派”帽子。1965年国家兴旺了,他 参加了先进技术传播队,能力得到发挥了。十年浩劫,他十年监狱。现在他落实政 策不那么顺利,因为国家头绪纷繁、问题严重。

“国家、社会解放的程度,就是我自己解放的程度。只有解放全人类才能解放 自己,这对我不是一种思想,而是ー种不可逃避的命运。”

这就如同他说的,我们搞社会主义不是因为社会主义优越,而是因为这是ー种 规律。优越是指方案而言的一哪ー种方案优越。而规律无所谓优越不优越一 必须遵循它,早晚得遵循它,不遵循也得遵循!

党治国不能说已经获得了彻底的解放,如同我们的生产力也没有从不适合的 所有制的束缚下完全解放出来。

“我们固有的体制适合搞政治运动,不适合经济发展。”党治国简直成了一个 理论狂人。ー开ロ就是体制、所有制,再不就是说:“你对这个问题怎么看?”

党治国咄咄逼人地、愣头愣脑地要人回答这些他整日思考的而别人未必感兴 趣的,他以为是最重要的而别人认为是八竿子打不着的,他醉心的而别人无心的, 他津津乐道的而别人无动于衷的问题。

他慷慨陈词,满脸涨红。别人应付他:“唉唉,是呵是呵,啧啧!”再不就是把别 人吓得怯怯的,一下子从大人变成了站起来回答老师问题的小学生,讷讷地:“我觉 得么……”

他满脑门的政治和经济,满脑门的规律和所有制。但别人是凡人,需要了解ー 些趣闻,ー些轶事,ー些消息,ー些共同感兴趣的现实问题,需要吃喝拉撒睡。

而他似乎只需要吃着政治,睡在经济上。他要和他周围一切的人探讨政治经 济。他会吸引ー些人,也会吓走ー些人。

他的见地每每是独到的,但他过于急切地阐述他的观点,乃至近乎要强加于 人。对于“经济”,他的发问更是近乎发难。

他和一般人不一样,他是有些不一般;他和正常人不一样,他可不是不正常。

他关心的正是大众的利益,但是大众未必接受他的关心。

他希望大家都能透过现象关心本质,但是大家往往喜欢谈论现象,而无心顾及 本质。谈论现象是ー种情绪发泄的需要,顾及本质却需要苦苦地开动大脑。

他不是那种可以用计算机程序计算出来的人。他欠稳妥,欠含蓄,但他“虽有 小偏,终有大成”。任何社会变革首先要找到实现变革的社会力量。要打土豪分田 地找到了贫农,要打倒老革命找到了红卫兵。今天的改革如小平同志所说是第二 次革命,我们需要透辟的经济理论家。

我找到了党治国。不过不是我找他,是他先写信给我,打动了我。我采访受苦 受难的人的时候,容易掉泪。但不知为什么,采访这个经济状况ー团糟的经济理论 家的时候,我一滴泪都没有。是他不需要别人同情,还是和他在ー起的人都会变得 只剩下粗线条了?

“我不是ー个受苦受难的科技人员!不是要人同情的人!”他冲着我大喊,“我 是个好汉!是个男子汉!是有思想的!尤其有经济思想!”

思想使党治国永远处于躁动不安的状态中,有时他为了理想忘却了现实,有时 现实又催促他去追求理想。前不久他又写完一篇专门探讨所有制的论文:《社会主 义所有制关系的发展》。文章观点大胆、新颖、独到。他提出的观点未必就尽善尽 美、无懈可击,但是,即使其中包含一些真理的萌芽或片面的真理,也可以活跃我们 的思维。“双百”方针实施三十多年了,ー个宽松的、发展人们思维成果的环境正 在形成。党治国的经济理论的产生和他这个理论狂人的出现,不是偶然的。人为 的呼唤和扼杀,不过加速或延缓产生的时间。

能不能搞ー个共产主义特区?他想。在强大的习惯势カ面前,不能都搞先破 后立,需要先立后破。只有实践自己的经济理论,把理论立起来,形成强烈对比,才 可以春风至而冰雪消。

他是不是还带有空想的色彩?那么,马克思同志,请允许我提ー个问题,您看 20世纪80年代中国的改革怎么搞?

马克思会说,提出这个问题的本身就是错误的。

中国的经济体制改革,要靠中国人自己来探索。改革催促着经济理论的发展, 呼唤着经济理论家。

终于,《文汇报》上出现了一个醒目的标题:《我们能否贡献一个伟大的经济学 家》?文中写道,这个问题对于当代中国“比’我们能否贡献一个爱因斯坦’或’能 否贡献一个伟大的哲学家和文学家’更为紧迫” 〇文章又写道:“中国经济体制全 面改革的浪潮当是产生伟大经济学家的时代和国度。恰当的时间和地点正呼唤恰 当的人。”

“伊索寓言”中有一个说大话的人,吹嘘自己曾经在罗陀斯岛跳得很远。马克 思在《路易・波拿巴的五月十八日》一文中引用了这个故事,他说生活本身会大声 喊道:

这里就是罗陀斯,就在这里跳跃吧！

这里就有玫瑰花,就在这里跳舞吧！

（原载《人民文学》1986年第7期）

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