Internationale Softpower - mit einem Fokus auf China

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Internationale Softpower - mit einem Fokus auf China

Einführung

Die Macht eines Landes kann teils mit der militärischen und wirtschaftlichen Macht erklärt werden, der sogenannten “hard power”. Um die Macht jenseits von Militär und Wirtschaft zu erklären, hat Joseph Nye (Harvard) das Konzept von „Soft power“ entwickelt. Nye nennt die Verbindung von „soft power“ und „hard power“: „smart power“. Zahlreiche Wissenschaftler haben versucht, Elemente von „soft power“ zu benennen, diese zu gewichten und Länder gemäß ihrer „soft power“ anzuordnen. Ein Hauptelement dabei ist das finanzielle Investment in den Export von Sprache und Kultur. In diesem Seminar werden wir belegen, dass finanzielles Investment in Kulturexport nicht automatisch „soft power“ determiniert. China folgte genau diesem Konzept, als es seit 2007 Milliarden von US Dollars investierte, um bis zu 1000 Konfuzius-Institute zu eröffnen, am Times Square zu inserieren etc.

China versucht, ein positives Image in Africa aufzubauen, indem es auf Augenhöhe verhandelt, indem es keine Gegenleistungen wie demokratische Reformen verlangt, und indem es Stipendien zum Chinastudium an afrikanische Studenten vergibt. Wir untersuchen Nyes Konzept kritisch und versuchen, sein Konzept weiter auszuarbeiten und zu entwickeln, indem wir wahrscheinlich(er)e Determinanten von Soft power betrachten. Wir werden uns auch mit Nyes Befürchtung auseinandersetzen dass die USA ihre Soft power verlieren. Wir werden Nyes Modell auch mit anderen Modellen vergleichen und ihren Nutzen (und ihre Begrenztheit) im Hinblick auf die Erklärung der Realität hinterfragen.

Organisatorisches

PPÖ-Seminar P97-3: Aktuelle Fragen der Politik I; P97-4: Aktuelle Fragen der Politik II

English

International Soft Power - with a Focus on China")

A country’s power can only partially be explained with military and economical power, the so-called “hard power”. To explain the power beyond, Joseph Nye (Harvard) has invented the concept of “soft power”. Nye calls the combination of soft and hard power “smart power”. Several scientists have tried to list elements of “soft power”, weight them and rank countries according to their soft power. A major element is the financial investment into disseminating one’s country’s language and culture abroad. However, in this seminar, we will prove that financial investment into culture export does not automatically determine soft power. China followed exactly this concept, when it since 2007 invested billions of US$ to open up to 1000 Confucius Institutes, to advertise at Times Square etc. China tries to build a positive image in Africa by negotiating on eye-level, by not attaching strings about democratic reforms, by setting up infrastructure and by awarding scholarships to African students to study abroad in China. We will critically evaluate Nye’s concept and try to further elaborate and develop Nye’s concept by looking for probable determinants of soft power. We will also check on Nye’s fear, that the USA are losing its soft power. We will also balance this model with other models and question the usage (and limits) of models to explain reality.

To explain the power beyond, Joseph Nye (Harvard) has invented the concept of “soft power”. Nye calls the combination of soft and hard power “smart power”. Several scientists have tried to list elements of “soft power”, weight them and rank countries according to their soft power. A major element is the financial investment into disseminating one’s country’s language and culture abroad. However, in this seminar, we will prove that financial investment into culture export does not automatically determine soft power. China followed exactly this concept, when it since 2007 invested billions of US$ to open up to 1000 Confucius Institutes, to advertise at Times Square etc. China tries to build a positive image in Africa by negotiating on eye-level, by not attaching strings about democratic reforms, by setting up infrastructure and by awarding scholarships to African students to study abroad in China. We will critically evaluate Nye’s concept and try to further elaborate and develop Nye’s concept by looking for the real determents of soft power. We will also check on Nye’s fear, that the USA are losing its soft power. We will also balance this model with other models and question the usage (and limits) of models to explain reality.

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"International Soft Power - with a Focus on China"

A country’s power can only partially be explained with military and economical power, the so-called “hard power”. To explain the power beyond, Joseph Nye (Harvard) has invented the concept of “soft power”. Nye calls the combination of soft and hard power “smart power”. Several scientists have tried to list elements of “soft power”, weight them and rank countries according to their soft power. A major element is the financial investment into disseminating one’s country’s language and culture abroad. However, in this seminar, we will prove that financial investment into culture export does not automatically determine soft power. China followed exactly this concept, when it since 2007 invested billions of US$ to open up to 1000 Confucius Institutes, to advertise at Times Square etc. China tries to build a positive image in Africa by negotiating on eye-level, by not attaching strings about democratic reforms, by setting up infrastructure and by awarding scholarships to African students to study abroad in China. We will critically evaluate Nye’s concept and try to further elaborate and develop Nye’s concept by looking for probable determinants of soft power. We will also check on Nye’s fear, that the USA are losing its soft power. We will also balance this model with other models and question the usage (and limits) of models to explain reality.

To explain the power beyond, Joseph Nye (Harvard) has invented the concept of “soft power”. Nye calls the combination of soft and hard power “smart power”. Several scientists have tried to list elements of “soft power”, weight them and rank countries according to their soft power. A major element is the financial investment into disseminating one’s country’s language and culture abroad. However, in this seminar, we will prove that financial investment into culture export does not automatically determine soft power. China followed exactly this concept, when it since 2007 invested billions of US$ to open up to 1000 Confucius Institutes, to advertise at Times Square etc. China tries to build a positive image in Africa by negotiating on eye-level, by not attaching strings about democratic reforms, by setting up infrastructure and by awarding scholarships to African students to study abroad in China. We will critically evaluate Nye’s concept and try to further elaborate and develop Nye’s concept by looking for the real determents of soft power. We will also check on Nye’s fear, that the USA are losing its soft power. We will also balance this model with other models and question the usage (and limits) of models to explain reality.

Seminarplan

UW/H SoSe 2016 Internationale Softpower - mit einem Fokus auf China

200.0033 (fortgeschr. BK-PO, MK-GE, P97-3/4) 16S 2SSt SE Ort: 1.153 Liz Mohn

Termine: Sa 25.6. 10-17, So 26.6. 10-16, Sa 2.7. 10-17, So 3.7. 10-16 (mdl. Prfg. 16-19)

SAMSTAG 25.6.2016

10 Uhr Organisatorisches: klare Struktur, Organisation und Zeiteinteilung

- aber: Abweichungen erwünscht! Dieses Seminar gehört zur „reflexiven Kompetenz“, also: Diskussionen wichtig!

- interaktiv (wichtig: ALLE sollen sich jede Stunde mindestens einmal einbringen)

- Dozenten-Ziele: Interesse verstärken, Sachverhalte verständlich darlegen, differenziertes Feedback auf Studierenden-Fragen, geistig herausfordern (individuell)

- CPs - 1 Referat (20 min.) 2. Wochenende von allen erwünscht, für 4 CP mdl. Prüfung oder Hausarbeit

- Essen/Trinken erlaubt [Pizzakarte zum Auswählen, Pizzaholer bestimmen]

11 Uhr Selbstvorstellung, Erwartungen an das Seminar

Feedback des Dozenten: Erfüllbarkeit der Erwartungen?

Lernziele (siehe Handout)

Gemeinsame Annahme von Struktur/Organisation/Zeiteinteilung/Lernziele und Nutzung der Zeit im Seminar und zwischen den Seminar-Wochenenden

12 Uhr Übersicht über Workshop: Einmal Zeitplan durchgehen

13 Uhr Mittagessen

14 Uhr Text 1: Nye on softpower

Volltext siehe Kurswebseite: Erstes Kapitel aus Nye, Joseph. "Soft power and higher education." Forum for the Future of Higher Education (Archives). 2005.

Concept first mentioned in: Joseph Nye, Bound to Lead 1990, 4 Wochen Irakkrieg in 2003 angeblich dramatischer Popularitätsverlust (messbar?) Reflexion, Diskussion im Forum: Kontext? Perspektive? Handelt es sich um US-Zentrismus? Warum hat sich der Begriff „smart power“ nicht durchgesetzt? Verschwörungstheorien/Weltuntergangsszenarien – Warnung vor dem Wegbrechen von Softpower/Alliierten

Lernziel: Wissen reaktivieren und alle auf den gleichen Stand bringen Sensibilisierung für zentristische Perspektiven, für name dropping-Kultur 15 Uhr Abstrahierung: Deskriptiv-reflexive theoretische Diskussion Der US-Amerikanische Akademische Zirkus

Diskussionsfrage: Was sind die Nachteile des US-Systems?

Lernziele: Wissen/Kritische Beurteilung des publish or perish-Systems, Schaffung neuer Ausdrücke

15:30 Uhr 2. Runde Texte: Nye on China’s soft power (Volltexte auf Kurswebseite)

2.1 Nye, Joseph S. “The role of China’s soft power”, Harvard International Review

2.2 Nye, Joseph S. "The rise of China’s soft power." Wall Street Journal Asia 29 (2005): 6-8

2.3 Nye, Joseph. "China’s soft power deficit." The Wall Street Journal 8 (2012).

Gruppenarbeit 1: Bearbeiten Sie Text 2.1. Wie sieht Nye China’s Softpower?

Gruppenarbeit 2: Bearbeiten Sie Text 2.2. Welchen Trend erkennt Nye 2005 in China’s Softpower?

Gruppenarbeit 2: Bearbeiten Sie Text 2.3. Welchen Trend erkennt Nye 2012 in China’s Softpower?

Lernziele: Relativierungsleistung, kritische Reflexion

Texte 3 für morgen an Gruppen verteilen.

17 Uhr Ende

SONNTAG 25.6.2016

10 Uhr Impulsreferat: Eigene Einschätzung von Chinas Softpower

Definition: In the Southeast Asian context, Chinese “soft power”can include “economic benefits, shared norms and values, cooperation on nontraditional issues, infatuation with the new China, the mutual benefits of tourism and education, diplomacy and style, and networking and reciprocal obligations within ethnic Chinese communities.” See Bronson Percival, The Dragon Looks South: China and Southeast Asia in the New Century (Westport: Praeger Publishers, 2007), pp.111-112. See also Hugo Restall, “China’s Bid for Asian Hegemony,” Far Eastern Economic Review, May 2007. [see Lum 2008, p. CRS-2]

10:30 Uhr Texte 3: Chinas Softpower in Regionen

Lesestunde: Paper in Gruppe lesen, in Gruppen abstimmen, Sprecher wählen.

  • Afrika: Thompson, Drew. China's soft power in Africa: From the" Beijing Consensus" to health diplomacy. na, 2005.
  • Südostasien: Lum, Thomas Gong, Wayne M. Morrison, and Bruce Vaughn. "China's" soft Power" in Southeast Asia." Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 2008.
  • Asien: Shambaugh, David. "China engages Asia: reshaping the regional order." (2006).

Europa: d’Hooghe. 2010. The Limits of China’s Soft Power in Europe. Beijing’s Public Diplomacy Puzzle, Clingendael Diplomacy Papers No.25, Available at: http://www.clingendael.nl/publications/2010/20100100_cdsp_paper_dhooghe_china.pdf

  • Japan: Sohn, Yul. "Japan's New Regionalism: China Shock, Values, and the East Asian Community." Asian Survey 50.3 (2010): 497-519.

International: De Haan, Arjan. "Will China change international development as we know it?." Journal of International Development 23.7 (2011): 881-908.

12 Uhr Mittagessen

13 Uhr Lesestunde: Paper in Gruppe lesen, abstimmen.

14 Uhr Sprecher stellen Texte vor. Fragen zu jeweiligen Einzeltexten.

15 Uhr Forumsdiskussion

16 Uhr Ende

Aufgabe unter der Woche:

- Lektüre von Texte 4: Softpower messen und international ranken

McClory, Jonathan. "The New Persuaders." Institute for Government (2010).

Achtung: Es wird einen WeChat-Quiz zum Text geben.

SAMSTAG 2.7.2016

10 Uhr Texte 4: Softpower messen und international ranken

McClory, Jonathan. "The New Persuaders." Institute for Government (2010).

WeChat Quiz zu Text

Wiedergabe von Texteindrücken, Kritik am Text

Diskussion: Wie messbar ist soft power? Schneidet Großbritannien nicht zu gut ab? Ist soft power käuflich?

Lernziel: Wissen anreichern, alle auf gleichen Stand bringen

11 Uhr Kurzlektüre: Khoo, Nicholas, Michael LR Smith, and David Shambaugh. "China Engages Asia? Caveat Lector." International Security 30.1 (2005): 196-211.

Welche Kritik deckt sich mit unserer eigenen? Auf welche Punkte waren wir nicht gekommen?

Diskussion: Welche eigenen Kategorien, Kriterien, Gewichtungen können wir McClory entgegenstellen?

12 Uhr Mittagessen

13 Uhr Impulsreferat Dozent mit anschließender Diskussion: Inselstreit und neue Seidenstraße vs. Soft Power

14 Uhr Diskussion: Glaubwürdigkeit von Charmoffensiven (Soft Power) bei gleichzeitigem Territorial-Ansprüchen (Hard Power)

15 Uhr Diskussion weiterer aktueller Texte und Nachrichten

17 Uhr Ende

SONNTAG 3.7.2016

10 Uhr Impulsreferat des Dozenten mit anschließender Diskussion: Einschätzung chinesischer Softpower und Vergleich mit US Softpower

12 Uhr Exkurs: Chinesische Softpower live an Wikipedia-Artikeln

13 Uhr Mittagessen

14 Uhr Abschluss-Diskussion

16 Uhr ENDE

16-19 Uhr Mündliche Prüfungen

Literatur

1 Nye: Softpower-Konzept

Nye, Joseph. "Soft power and higher education." Forum for the Future of Higher Education (Archives). 2005. [1. Kapitel als Volltext auf Kurswebseite]

2 Nye: Chinas Softpower

Nye, Joseph S. "The role of China’s soft power" [undated] Harvard International Review

Nye, Joseph S. "The rise of China’s soft power." Wall Street Journal Asia 29 (2005): 6-8.

Nye, Joseph. "China’s soft power deficit." The Wall Street Journal 8 (2012)

Nye, Joseph S. Nye, Jr. "Why China Is Weak on Soft Power." International Herald Tribune, January 17, 2012.

3 Chinas regionale Softpower

Afrika: Thompson, Drew. China's soft power in Africa: From the" Beijing Consensus" to health diplomacy. na, 2005. Südostasien: Lum, Thomas Gong, Wayne M. Morrison, and Bruce Vaughn. "China's" soft Power" in Southeast Asia." Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 2008.

Asien: Shambaugh, David. "China engages Asia: reshaping the regional order." (2006).

Europa: d’Hooghe. 2010. The Limits of China’s Soft Power in Europe. Beijing’s Public Diplomacy Puzzle, Clingendael Diplomacy Papers No.25, Available at: http://www.clingendael.nl/publications/2010/20100100_cdsp_paper_dhooghe_china.pdf

Japan: Sohn, Yul. "Japan's New Regionalism: China Shock, Values, and the East Asian Community." Asian Survey 50.3 (2010): 497-519.

International: De Haan, Arjan. "Will China change international development as we know it?." Journal of International Development 23.7 (2011): 881-908. [Kein Volltext vorhanden: International: Kurlantzick J. 2007. Charm Offensive: How China’s Soft Power is Transforming the World. Yale University Press: New Haven CT/London.]

4 Softpower messen und international ranken

McClory, Jonathan. "The New Persuaders." Institute for Government (2010).

Weiterführende Literatur

There is an increasing body of literature demonstrating that China’s soft power strategies helped to increase its influence in Asia. For example,

  • Amitav Acharya, “China’s Charm Offensive in Southeast Asia,” International Herald Tribune, November 8-9, 2003;
  • David M. Lampton, “China’s Rise in Asia Need Not Be at America’s Expense,” in Power Shift: China and Asia’s New Dynamics, ed. David Shambaugh (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005), pp. 317–19;
  • David Shambaugh, “Return to the Middle Kingdom? China and Asia in the Early Twenty-First Century,” ibid., pp. 23–47;
  • Robert G. Sutter, China’s Rise in Asia: Promises and Perils (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005);
  • Jean A. Garrison, “China’s Prudent Cultivation of ‘Soft’ Power and Implications for U.S. Policy in East Asia,” Asian Affairs: An American Review 32:1 (Spring 2005), pp. 25–30;
  • Joshua Kurlantzick, Charm Offensive (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2007);
  • Young Nam Cho and Jongho Jeong, “China’s Soft Power,” Asian Survey 48:3 (May/June 2008), pp. 453–72.

Powerpoints des Dozenten (werden auf die Kurs-Homepage hochgeladen)

Kurs-Homepage: https://wiki.vm.rub.de/uvu/index.php/Internationale_Softpower_-_mit_einem_Fokus_auf_China

Reader Zum Herunterladen


Weiterführende Medien: Filme von Youtube

…Soft Power Survey 2015/16. 2:56. Monocle Magazine. •7 months ago •1,820 views …While flexing military and economic muscle can yield the most dramatic changes, a nation's soft power can achieve more ...

…David Shambaugh: China Is 'Obsessed' with Soft Power. 10:49. Asia Society. •3 years ago •3,222 views …NEW YORK, February 27, 2013 — Professor David Shambaugh discusses China's addiction to soft power and its potential as a ...

…Liz Economy: Is China's soft power strategy working?. 56:41. Center for Strategic & International Studies. •2 months ago •186 views

…Assessing China's Global Image and Soft Power. 10:20 USC U.S.-China Institute. •5 years ago •6,505 views …USCI presents a talk by George Washington University's David Shambaugh. As China's comprehensive power grows ...

…China: Soft Power and Western Values. 58:14. WoodrowWilsonCenter. •1 month ago •346 views …Do the movies “Zootopia” and “Doctor Strange” pose threats to China by providing propaganda vehicles for the infiltration of ...

…China's Soft Power Offensive. 6:21. The Heritage Foundation. •2 years ago •4,639 views …A former U. S. Ambassador to Thailand recalls being asked to contribute an "America Corner" to a local university in Bangkok ...

…China: Soft Power. 6:50. adrian li. •6 years ago •10,200 views

…Joseph S. Nye: Is China’s soft power strategy working? 8:24. Center for Strategic & International Studies •1 month ago •585 views

…China's Soft Power Struggles and Lessons Learned. 2:20. Of China & America︱China Matters •9 months ago •1,488 views …China has made the promotion of its soft power assets a priority in recent years, yet the campaigns have yielded mostly ...

…Joseph S. Nye, Jr.: China's Soft Power. 6:00. Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs. •5 years ago •3,945 views …Joseph S. Nye, Jr. claims that China still has a long way to go before it can equal the United States in soft power. This Carnegie ...

…China's soft power lacks credibility - Biz Wire - April 15, 2013 - BONTV China. 2:31. bontvchina. •3 years ago •366 views …Go to http://www.bon.tv/Biz-Wire/ to watch the full episode Follow us on Weibo http://weibo.com/u/2419600955 or ...

…Assessing China’s soft power investment in Africa. 2:23. CCTV News. •6 months ago •312 views …While China's economic and trade impact on Africa has raised global attention, China also runs one of the world's largest ...

…India's soft power is much greater than that of Chinese- Shashi Tharoor. 16:06. Desi Gyan •1 week ago •10,645 views …Dr. Tharoor proving why India fares better than China in case of soft power. Chinese soft power is state-promoted while India's soft ...

…Jennifer Hubbert - The Globalization of Chinese Soft Power. 25:09. USC U.S.-China Institute. •2 years ago •480 views …Jennifer Hubbert, Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Lewis & Clark College Cultural diplomacy is often conceived of as part of a ...

…China: Soft Power or Hard Sell? - The Listening Post (Full). 4:52. Al Jazeera English. •4 years ago •4,294 views •Season 2012 •Episode 20 •The Listening Post …Subscribe to our channel http://bit.ly/AJSubscribe Subscribe to our channel http://bit.ly/AJSubscribe On Listening Post this week: ...

…China's Supersized Girl Band Is Not What You'd Expect | China Uncensored. 12:04. China Uncensored. •11 months ago. •362,637 views …The world's largest girl pop group will belong to China! At least, that's what 56 member "56 Flowers," named for China's 56 ethnic ...

…Falk Hartig - The Globalization of Chinese Soft Power. 6:05. USC U.S.-China Institute. •2 years ago. •720 views …Cultural diplomacy is often conceived of as part of a country's foreign relations, in that cultural dialogue can sometimes achieve ...

…Chinese Soft Power and Mandarin Chinese. 12:41. bontvchina. •1 year ago •225 views …Professor Luo Lisheng, from Tsinghua university talks about Chinese culture and teaching Chinese in a global context.

…R.S. Zaharna - The Globalization of Chinese Soft Power. 21:25. USC U.S.-China Institute. •2 years ago •413 views …Cultural diplomacy is often conceived of as part of a country's foreign relations, in that cultural dialogue can sometimes achieve ...

…Joseph Nye on global power shifts. 21:24. TED •5 years ago •76,819 views …http://www.ted.com Historian and diplomat Joseph Nye gives us the 30000-foot view of the shifts in power between China and the ...

...Joseph S. Nye - Is the American Century Over? 1:11:53 Foreign Policy Association.

Referatsthemen

[in Vorbereitung]

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