Hao Qiu Zhuan/en-wilkinson/Chapter 1

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Chapter 1: In the Phoenix City, a Chivalrous Heart Pities a Pair of Lovebirds

From: Hau Kiou Choaan, or The Pleasing History. Translated by James Wilkinson, edited by Thomas Percy (London, 1761)

Note: This text was digitized via OCR from the original 1761 print. Some scan errors may remain -- compare with the modern translation and Chinese original to verify.

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CHAP. I. IN the city of Tah-ming, formerly lived a student named Tieh-chung-u, of great endowments of body and mind: for the beauty of his person, which equaled that of the finest woman, he was called the handsome Tieh: yet was his temper no less rough and impetuous than his form was elegant and pleasing: bold and resolute in resenting affronts, without any regard or awe of his superiors; yet strictly just, humane, generous, and noble, never so happy as when employed in assisting and relieving the distressed. His father, whose name was Tieh-ying, was a Mandarine of justice: his mother's name was Sheh sheh: his father belonged to one of the tribunals in the palace, but because of the violent temper of his son, confined him at his house in another city, lest he should involve him in any trouble at court. There he lived and kept house, pursuing his studies, and at proper intervals unbending his mind with company. When he had at- tained his sixteenth year, his father and mother began to think of marrying their son. They acquainted him with it; but he was no way disposed to con- cur with their intentions: on the con- trary, he urged that marriage was not like an acquaintance or friendship, which could not be quitted on any dislike or disagreement: that whenever he should incline to marry, he would take more than common care in his choice but should hardly think of it 'till he could meet with a lady possessed of every perfection of mind and person. These arguments weighed so deeply with his parents, for which purpose he caused him to take a pledge. 'Tis now four years since he was betrothed, without ever fetching home his wife, not having wherewithal to maintain her. Some time since the happened to be seen by a great Mandarine, who fell in love with her, and would have her for a fe- cond wife, or concubine, which the fa- ther and mother would by no means consent to. This enraged the noble- man, who contrived many ways to get her, and at last carryed her off by force. Wey-fiang-coon was advised of his loss, and repaired to the court to make his tics, morality, but a particular regard is had to their skill in composing in their own language, and the knowledge of their laws. Similar ex- aminations and degrees are also appointed for their military people. P. Du Halde, vol. 1. p. 376. com- of Princes, and how far more desirable was a life of obscurity. But more par- ticularly struck with the great resignation of Pé-kan, he was led to reflect on that duty and obedience he had been wanting in to his parents. So deeply was he stung with remorse, that he passed the night without sleep. At length he resolved to go and throw himself at their feet; and to implore their pardon for that stubbornness of temper, which had kept him so long apart from them. Full of these resolutions he arose in the morning, and taking with him only one servant named Siow-tan, left his house and set out for the court. He had been now two days on the road, and so impatient to see his father, as to neglect almost all repose and re- freshment, when he found himself on the approach of night far from any house of reception for travel- lers*. At length he came where at some distance was a large village, but near were only a few scattered cottages of very poor people: at one of these he alighted, and calling, an old woman came to him: who see- ing him drest in his student's habit, said to him, "Siang-coon, or young gentle- man, I suppose you are come from court hither to visit Wey-fiang-coon, or our young student of this village." He said he knew no such person. She enquired what then could bring him thither. He told her he had lost his road, and intreated her to give him room in some part of her house to pass the night. She said he was wel- come, and that she was only sorry she could not entertain him as he deserved. His servant Siow-tan brought in his bed and other travelling furniture : and the old woman shewed him a place for his horse, furnished out a room for him with clean straw, and brought him tea. Tieh-chung-u having refreshed him- self a little, asked why she was so in- quisitive at his arrival, and who the young student was whom she had men- tioned. "You don't know perhaps, said she, that this village was not former- ly called as, as it was at present, Wey- tswün*, but received that name from a family that lives here, who were once great people at court, but are now re- duced to the meanest condition. But thank heaven, there is one of the fa- mily, who altho' poor, understands letters: he went to court to undergo his examination †: there he met with a friend, a learned man, named Han- yuen,

• Twin in the Chinese language signifies a

village. Transf. + Called by the Chinese Kow-shé. As all civil offices in China are bestowed according to per- sonal merit, no wonder that the study of letters is in the highest esteem, and that the examina- I tions yuen, who conceived a great fondness for him; and having one only daughter would give her to him in marriage: for tions of students are conducted with the greatest decorum, solemnity, and exactness. There are several leffer examinations before the students are admitted to be examined for the degree of Siou-tsai (answering to Batchelor of arts in our universities) the examination for which is made once in three years in each of the largest districts of the province before the Mandarines, who seldom confer it on more than four or five out of a hundred. —The examinations for the second degree, or Kiu-gin (answering to Master of arts or Licentiate in Europe) are also once in three years at the capital of the whole province, at which all the Sicou-tfai are obliged to attend : out of ten thousand of whom perhaps only sixty are admitted. This degree intitles them to lower offices: but the highest employments are sure to be conferred on those who can obtain the degree of Thin-see (or Doctor) which they are ex- amined for the year after they have obtained the former degree (but this they are not obliged to attend) at Pe-king before the Emperor himself: who seldom confers this degree on more than one hundred and fifty out of five or six thousand candidates. Each of these degrees is conferred according to their proficiency in history, poli- tics, for which purpose he caused him to take a pledge. 'Tis now four years since he was betrothed, without ever fetching home his wife, not having wherewithal to maintain her. Some time since she happened to be seen by a great Mandarine, who fell in love with her, and would have her for a fe- cond wife, or concubine, which the fa- ther and mother would by no means consent to. This enraged the noble- man, who contrived many ways to get her, and at last carryed her off by force. Wey-fiang-coon was advised of his loss, and repaired to the court to make his tics, morality, but a particular regard is had to their skill in composing in their own language, and the knowledge of their laws. Similar ex- aminations and degrees are also appointed for their military people. P. Du Halde, vol. 1. p. 376. com- I · complaint: but not knowing how to apply for relief, and unable to learn news of his wife or her relations, all whom the Mandarine had secured, he returned home in despair. Since that time, his mother, fearing he might make himself away, hath desired the assistance of her neighbours to prevent such a misfortune." While she was yet talking, they heard a great noise and disturbance in the freet: they looked out and saw a crowd of people, and in the midst of them a young man clad in blue*, who wept

• The habit of those who have taken the

lowest degree, or Sieou-tfai, is a blue gown, with a black border round it, and a pewter or silver bird on the top of their cap.-Those who have taken the second degree, or Kiu-gin, are distin- guished wept and lamented. In the crowd the old woman saw her husband, whom she called to her, and informed of their gueft: he blamed her for having de- layed to provide a supper for the ftran- ger, and commanded her to hasten it. Of this man Tieh-chung-u enquired whether the student's wife was carried off by night or by day? He told him, in the day time. He then asked if there were none that saw it. He was answered there were several, but none that durft open their lips: for who guished by a gown of a dark colour with a blue border: the bird in their cap is gold, or copper gilt.-The first degree, or that of Tfin-see, is al- so diftinguished by a habit different from the former, but more particularly by a girdle which they always wear at their governments, but is more rich and precious according to the offices they are advanced to. P. Du Halde ubi fupra. Semedo's hist. p. 46. &c. would would be forward to appear against so great and powerful a Mandarine? Here the old woman interrupted, beg- ging them to talk no more of it, for that now there was no remedy. Tieh- chung-u smiled and said, "You peo- ple of the villages are so faint- hearted and doubtful! but perhaps you know not the truth of the story, and all you have been telling me is a fiction." "By no means, she replied, nettled at his affected incredulity; I know it to be true: a cousin of mine who fells straw at the court, by great chance was pre- sent, and saw both the young woman and also her father and mother carried in- to the Mandarine's house, which is a palace of retirement given him by the Emperor, who hath made it sacred to every every body but himself and to whom he pleafes." "Why did not you advise the young man of this?" said Tiek- chung-u. "To what purpose? said the other it is in vain for him to con- tend." He then enquired where this palace stood: she told, him without the city: but though he should find it, no one durft look into it. Supper being ready they ended talking: after which he called his servant Siow-tan to lay his bed, being fatigued and sleepy. In the morning when he had break- fasted, he ordered his servant to weigh out five mace * to pay the old woman : he then took leave of her with many thanks for her kind treatment: she in

• About 39. 4d. English money. Transf.

return return asked him pardon for any thing that was amifs; but particularly in- treated him not to open his lips about what she had told him, as well for his own safety as hers." What is that af- fair to me? he replied: your kind en- tertainment of me is all I have to remember: fear nothing." The old woman waited on him to the great road, and there took her leave of him. Tieh-chung-u mounted his horse, and was got two or three lee* on his way, when he perceived at some distance before him Wey-fiang-coon stamping and

• A lee is as far as a voice can be heard: ten

of them make a league. Transf. N. B. The French missionaries write it ly, or li. raving raving by himself, calling out to hea- ven and complaining of his fate. Tieh- chung-u no sooner discovered who he was, but he made all hafte to come up to him: when dismounting+ from his horse, he ran to him and clapped him on the shoulder: "Brother, said he, yield not up to despair: your cause of grief may be removed: I'll ufe my endeavours, and doubt not but to get your fair mistress refto- red to you." Surprised at being ac- cofted in this manner, the student lifted up his eyes and looked fted- fastly at him; when seeing him to be a person of good and genteel afpect, but utterly unknown to him, he was the 'Tis the custom in China to dismount, when they falute equals or betters. Transf. more À CHINESE HISTORY. 17 more astonished: nevertheless he said, "Sir, you seem to be a man of rank and consideration: I am a poor and mean person. Till this moment I never had the honour to see you. I am plunged in the deepest sorrow and affliction : but I cannot account for your know- ledge of it. The words you spoke just now have so rejoiced me, that I think they could only come from Heaven. But, alas! 'tis all in vain! my mif- fortune is so great that it is not possible for you, tho' you were an angel*, to af- ford me relief." Tieh-chung-u laughed, and said, "This is no more than the The Chinese believe there are a kind of ta- telar spirits, or good Genii: in the cities there are temples to them, in which the Mandarines offer sacrifice: as alfo to the spirits of the rivers, mountains, four parts of the world, &c. P. Semedo's hist. part. 1. chap. 18. p. 86. - VOL. I. fting fting of a bee: if I can't untye let the world laugh at me. times there were heroes who could per- form great atchievements: and why not now?" Wey-fiang-coon thought there was something in this more than ordinary: "Sir, said he, I perceive you are a per- son of uncommon merit: I ask your pardon: pray, how am I to call you?" "That, replied Tieh-chung-u, it is not necessary for you to know at present : but I must beg to be informed of your own original name *, and where you would betake yourself, for I have some- thing to say to you farther." "My name, said he, is Wey-phey, and I should go find out some way to end my life, but for this knot, In former

• The other was his complimental name,

bestowed on account of his profession. Transf. my my mother, who is a widow, and de- pends on me alone for her support. For her fake I endure my misfortunes, and have sought all means of relief : none offers now but to write a petition and carry it to court, there to present myself with it to some Mandarine: if he refuses to accept it I will go to another; and so on 'till I find one that will: if none will do me justice, I can then but dye: I shall dye in the face of the world, and not meanly in secret." And taking out his petition, he gave it to Tieh-chung-u; who read it, and found the wife's father to be a Doctor of law*,

• The second degree, called Kiu-gin, per-

haps answers better to the degree of Master of arts or Licentiate in the European universities: however, as it is rather a civil diftinétion, Defter of law seems to convey a more adequate idea. See note above. See P. Du Halde, vol. 1. p. 377. of of the second degree. The Mandarine alfo, who had committed the violence, was not unknown to him. "Very well, said he, this petition is right, and must be presented to the Emperor; he has power to apply to any other audi- ence beside will be to no purpose: nor would it avail to carry it to the Em- peror yourself. Intruft it to my care, perhaps I may have an opportunity to serve you." Wey-phey bowed down and embraced his feet. "Sir, said he, the joy your compassion excites in my heart is like the springing forth of tender leaves from the withered branches of a tree. If you do me this favour in procuring my petition to be seen, 'tis not sitting I stay here: let me rather follow your horfe's feet and wait on you to court." "Should ༈ "Should you go with me, answered Tieh-chung-u, it might alarm the world: it is much better for you to return to your village: within ten days ex- pect to hear from me." "Sir and brother, said Wey-phey, this favour you do me is as great as the heaven and the earth." He then shed some tears, and made him a profound reverence. Tieh-chung-u exhorting him to be com- forted, took the petition and put it in his sleeve; then bidding him adieu, mounted his horfe and put forward. Wey-phey stood amazed and motionless, with his eyes fixed on Tieh-chung-u 'till he was out of sight, not knowing whether what had happened was real or a dream. CHA every body but himself and to whom he pleafes." "Why did not you advise the young man of this?" said Tiek- chung-u. "To what purpose? said the other it is in vain for him to con- tend." He then enquired where this palace stood: she told, him without the city: but though he should find it, no one durft look into it. Supper being ready they ended talking: after which he called his servant Siow-tan to lay his bed, being fatigued and sleepy. In the morning when he had break- fasted, he ordered his servant to weigh out five mace

• to pay the old woman:

he then took leave of her with many thanks for her kind treatment: she in

• About 39. 4d. English money. Transf.

return return afked him pardon for any thing that was amifs; but particularly in- treated him not to open his lips about what she had told him, as well for his own safety as hers." What is that af fair to me? he replied: your kind en- tertainment of me is all I have to remember: fear nothing." The old woman waited on him to the great road, and there took her leave of him. Tieh-chung-u mounted his horfe, and was got two or three lee* on his way, when he perceived at some distance. before him Wey-fiang-coon stamping and A lee is as far as a voice can be heard: ten of them make a league. Transf. N. B. The French missionaries write it ly, or li. raving raving by himself, calling out to hea- ven and complaining of his fate. Tieh- chung-u no sooner discovered who he was, but he made all hafte to come up to him: when dismounting+ from his horse, he ran to him and clapped him on the shoulder: "Brother, said he, yield not up to despair: your cause of grief may be removed: I'll ufe my endeavours, and doubt not but to get your fair mistress refto- red to you." Surprised at being ac- cofted in this manner, the student lifted up his eyes and looked sted- fastly at him; when seeing him to be a person of good and genteel afpect, but utterly unknown to him, he was the 'Tis the custom in China to dismount, when they falute equals or betters. Transf. more Á CHINESE HISTORY. 17 nevertheless he said, more astonished "Sir, you seem to be a man of rank and consideration: I am a poor and mean person. Till this moment I never had the honour to see you. I am plunged in the deepest sorrow and affliction : but I cannot account for your know ledge of it. The words you spoke just now have so rejoiced me, that I think they could only come from Heaven. But, alas! 'tis all in vain! my mif- fortune is so great that it is not possible for you, tho' you were an angel*, to af- ford me relief." Tieh-chung-u laughed, and said, "This is no more than the

• The Chinese believe there are a kind of tu-

telar spirits, or good Genii: in the cities there are temples to them, in which the Mandarines offer sacrifice as alfo to the spirits of the rivers, mountains, four parts of the world, &c. P. Semedo's hist. part. 1. chap. 18. - VOL. I. P. 86. fting с fting of a bee: if I can't untye let the world laugh at me. times there were heroes who could per- form great atchievements: and why not now?" Wey-fiang-coon thought there was something in this more than ordinary: "Sir, said he, I perceive you are a per- son of uncommon merit: I afk your pardon: pray, how am I to call you?" That, replied Tieh-chung-u, it is not necessary for you to know at present : but I must beg to be informed of your own original name *, and where you would betake yourself, for I have some- thing to say to you farther." "My name, said he, is Wey-phey, and I should go find out some way to end my life, but for this knot, In former

• The other was his complimental name,

bestowed on account of his profession. Transf. my my mother, who is a widow, and de- pends on me alone for her support. For her fake I endure my my misfortunes, and have sought all means of relief: none offers now but to write a petition and carry it to court, there to present myself with it to some Mandarine: if he refuses to accept it I will go to another; and so on 'till I find one that will: if none will do me justice, I can then but dye: I shall dye in the face of the world, and not meanly in secret." And taking out his petition, he gave it to Tieh-chung-u; who read it, and found the wife's father to be a Doctor of law*,

• The second degree, called Kiu-gin, per-

haps answers better to the degree of Mafter of arts or Licentiate in the European universities: however, as it is rather a civil diftin&tion, Doctor of law seems to convey a more adequate idea. See note above. See P. Du Halde, vol. 1. p. 377- ઘઉં of the second degree. The Mandarine alfo, who had committed the violence, was not unknown to him. "Very well, said he, this petition is right, and must be presented to the Emperor; he has power to apply to any other audi- ence beside will be to no purpose: nor would it avail to carry it to the Em- peror yourself. Intruft it to my care, perhaps I may have an opportunity to serve you." Wey-phey bowed down and embraced his feet. "Sir, said he, the joy your compassion excites in my heart is like the springing forth of tender leaves from the withered branches of a tree. If you do me this favour in procuring my petition to be seen, 'tis not sitting I stay here: let me rather follow your horfe's feet and wait on you to court. "Should "Should you go with me, answered Tieh-chung-u, it might alarm the world: it is much better for you to return to your village: within ten days ex- pect to hear from me." "Sir and brother, said Wey-phey, this favour you do me is as great as the heaven and the earth." He then shed some tears, and made him a profound reverence. Tieh-chung-u exhorting him to be com- forted, took the petition and put it in his sleeve; then bidding him adieu, mounted his horfe and put forward. Wey-phey stood amazed and motionless, with his eyes fixed on Tieh-chung-u 'till he was out of sight, not knowing whether what had happened was real or a dream. СНАР. CHA P. II. I HE village of Wey-tfwün was di- ftant fifty lee from the court, where Tieh-chung-u arrived in two hours: he haftened to his father's house: he found every thing still and quiet before the doors; not a person to be seen. He alighted off his horfe, and went into the hall of audience; but neither was one of the clerks, or any one else, to be met with there: he would have pro- ceeded farther, but he found the doors fast shut. He knocked and called; the servants within knew his voice: they unlocked the door, and meeting their young master cryed out! "Bad news! things go very ill!" He afked them, why? Our master, replied they, is caft Viz, five leagues. into into prison by the Emperor's order: you are now arrived in good time: pray go immediately to our lady your mother's apartment, and advise with her." Tieh-chung-u was struck speech- less with surprize and grief, and suf- fered himself to be led to the door of her apartment. His mother, who was called She-fu-jen, or my Lady Sheh, perceiving him, went and caught hold of his sleeve, crying, " “My son, you are arrived in good time. Your fa- ther has discharged the part of a good man, with the most unwearied perfe- verance: eager to redress grievances, he would be presenting petitions, from morning to night*: there has hap-

• The Chinese idiom is, "your father to-day

"would be a good man, to-morrow would be "a good man; he would be presenting peti- "tions," &c. pened pened an affair of great consequence; I know not whether he is dead or alive he is in prison." Tieh-chung-u fell into a violent tranfport of grief:: but observing, how deeply his mother was affected, he fell upon his knees be- fore her and said: "Mother, be not caft down, you must not give yourself up to affliction: though the affair bet as great as the heavens are high, we must not yield to despair: we must con- fult together: you must tell me plainly all that has happened." She bade him rife and take a chair, then told him. as follows: "Some days ago, as your father was returning from the Empe- ror's palace, he was stopped in his way home by an old man and his wife, who had their hair loofe and disordered, their faces bruised and bloody, and their

their cloaths rent: they threw them- Ain felves before his horfe's feet, crying out for justice. Your father afked them who they were, and by whom they were injured. I am a Doctor of law, said the old man, of the second degree, my name iş Han-yuen: I have a daughter, whom I have long promised in marriage: but a great Mandarine, named Tab- quay, hearing of her, and that she was something handsome, ordered people. to come, and propose terms of mar- riage, for her to be a second wife, or concubine to him: I answered, that it

• The Chinese laws allow but one, who can

properly be called a wife. Yet they may have several second wives or concubines, whofe situation is not at all difreputable but they are greatly dependent on the first, who alone is mistress of the house. Their children are deem- ed to belong to the true wife, and inherit equal- ly with her own. P. Du Halde, vol. 1. p. 304 it was impossible for me to consent, for I had already engaged her to ano- ther: if he has a mind to take my life, I am content; but I can never yield to give him my daughter. Tab-quay was much enraged: "What! said he, have I made so reasonable a proposal, and am to see it rejected! I'll try whe- ther force can be more fuccessful." Ac- cordingly he sent people to carry her off; which endeavouring to prevent, they abused both of us, in the manner you see. Your father was much af- fected with his tale, and passionately moved to procure them redress: hur- rying home therefore, he instantly drew up a petition to present to the Emperor. But alas, proceeded the Lady Sheh, your father, notwithstand- ing his great judgement, was at that time time overseen, not to secure the two old people for witnesses: for the Empe- ror, when he had read his petition, demanded what evidence he had to support it. Upon which he went to feek them, but in vain for Tab-quay had immediate advice of the affair, and instantly secreted them. The awe of his power drew almost all the Manda- rines of the court over to his party. And he in his turn delivered in a peti- tion, wherein he charged your father, with abusing the Emperor's considence, and possessing him with falsehoods against his faithful servants. Upon this your father's office was taken away, and he was sent to prison. And though some of the Mandarines expref- fed an inclination to assist him, it was to no purpose, as he had no witnesses to produce produce in his favour and if he can procure none, he must suffer death." When she had finished her relation, the countenance of Tieh-chung-u cleared up: "And is Han-yuen, said he, the occasion of all this? this is an affair of trifling consequence; Han-yuen and his daughter every body knows, and the feizing them in their house is known to many. Be no longer dejected, Madam, but take comfort; they cannot be loft. Robbers and thieves, though they be fled into other provinces, are to be found*,and why.

• It is very difficult for robbers to escape in

China for upon all the great roads at every half league are centries stationed, and the exact notice that the Mandarines have of every thing that paffes in their respective wards and districts, makes it very rare that they can lie concealed. One of the Missionaries has said, that a criminal cannot why not those that are about the court: fear not then but we shall find these peo- ple: nay I myself know where they are concealed." "How! said Sheh-fu-jen, is it possible? do you speak certainly true?""Can a son, said Tieh-chung-u speak untruths before his mother? that can never be." The Lady Sheh at this was greatly rejoiced, and said, " If this news is true, reft a little and refresh yourself: then haften to see your father in prison, and take away his sorrow." Upon this she ordered a table to be spread for him to eat; which having done, and changed his cloaths, she called for a servant to attend him. "Madam, said Tieh-ckung u, there is cannot find a hiding place in all that vast em- pire. See P. Semedo, p. 2. P. Du Halde, vol. 1. p. 266. & paffim. no 1. no occasion for such hafte; I will first draw up a petition for my father to shew the Emperor." When he had finished it, he asked his mother for his father's chop or seal: and taking that, together with the petition of Wey-phey, he put them both in his sleeve, and bade the servant shew him the way to his father. The Mandarine, that was gover- nor of the prison, knew Tieh-chung-u, and received him with great courtesy : "Sir, said he, the Mandarine your father is within; pray be pleased to go to him; pardon me that I don't wait on you: you have doubtless something to impart to him in private." Tieh- chung-u returned his civilities in a pro- per per manner, and went in. He found his father sitting, without irons, in great composure. He immediately ran and bowed down four times at his feet; afking pardon for not coming sooner to assist him in his troubles: that he deserved not the name of a son, for being absent when he might have performed him services, or at least have known his commands. Tieh-u-sheb* raised himself from his chair: "I am, said he, in the place where my duty requires me to be: why are you not at home minding your studies and doing your duty." Sir, said Tieh-chung-u, if if it is your duty to be here, it is mine alfo to be here to wait upon you.".

• The name he received from his office.

Transf. His His father paused: at length he an fwered, "You are in the right: you do your duty: but we live in times, when the Mandarines of the court are cor- rupted, and duty has no longer any re- gard paid to it: from a just sense of mine, I presented my petition, putting to the hazard whether it would be heard or not: and now, whether I shall live or die, is in the hand of the Em- peror: your coming here will avail me nothing." "Sir, replied Tieh chung-u, I am made acquainted with the cause of your confinement: but why do you sit down quietly under it: why do not you continue to feek out the old man and his wife; and without truft- ing to others, petition for leave to do it in your own person." "That, said Tieh- Tieh-u-sheb, it would not be difficult to obtain but I fear, if I should apply for such licence, and be still unfuc- cessful, it will only aggravate my crime, and increase my disgrace." “I have notice of these three people, said the son, but without an express or- der from the Emperor, they cannot be apprehended." " His order was issued out at the firft, replied the father, but they could not be found: my friends inquired, but could learn no news of them. And that you, who are but just arrived, should know any thing of them, is very unlikely. 'Tis all a jeft! you are but a boy, and having heard something of it, from people's discourse, only love to hear yourself talk. Go! you are a simple- ton.' ton." "Sir, answered Tieh-chung-u, this is a matter which regards your life: is it possible for a son to jeft upon such an occasion?" Then looking round to see, that nobody was within hearing, he related all that had happened on his journey, both the difcourse he had had with the old woman, and with Wey-phey, whofe petition he shewed him. At this Tieh-u-sheb became joyful, and said, “ If it be so, the Emperor will see that I am blameless: there will then be no danger of my suffering death. But is it not to be feared, that this Tab quay has poisoned, ૮ with these peo- or otherwise made away ple?" Tieh-chung-u answered, "The palace where he resides, is the Empe- ror's gift, which no one can enter : your adversary is a wicked man, and of very mean mean understanding; wholly addicted to pleasure, and immerfed in luxu- ry, he thinks of nothing farther: imagining himself secure, he nei ther suspects any danger, nor has con- trivance enough to prevent it: be not therefore, Sir, caft down or sorrow- ful." "Son, said the Mandarine Tieh, you say well go home now, and fetch some paper and my seal, that I may draw up a petition to the Empe- ror." "That is already done, said his son, I have here brought it with me: if you like it, let it go : if not, please to draw it up afresh with greater elegance and accuracy." He read it, and pro- nounced it was very well, and required. no alteration: then putting his seal to it, he folded it up, and gave it to the governor of the prison, desiring it might might be delivered to a Mandarine of the Emperor's audience chamber, called Tong-ching-fu, whose business it is to receive petitions. CHA P. III. THE HE Mandarine Tieh-u-sheb, was not two days longer in prison, be- fore the Emperor sent him a private an- fwer to his petition. When every body was retired, he opened it, and found an order to go, and apprehend the persons in question: at this he great- ly rejoiced, and making an offering of fire, prayed for the Emperor †.

• This is CHA P. II. in the Translator's ma-

nufcript. + The Editor could meet with no account of this custom; which yet should seem to be the asual one on thefe occasions. Then Then he took the letter, and fold- ed it up again and proposed to his son, to set out both of them upon the search. "Pardon me, Sir, said Tieh-chung-u, that must not be. It will excite suspicion: somebody will ac- quaint Tab-quay of your being abroad, and we shall be disappointed. Let me rather go privately, and when I have broke open the gates, and found the three persons, do you be ready, mount your horfe, and bring with you the Emperor's order, openly proclaiming it to be a power to apprehend them." To this his father afsented. By this time the Mandarine of the prison came, and inquired what news? for he saw, that they had been making an offering of fire. Tieh-u-sheb injoin- ing ing him secrecy, informed him of the private order he had received. He then said to his son, "Now go, but be very careful." The youth according- ly withdrew, and went to tell his mo- ther all that had happened. He then afked her for his brazen mace, weigh- ing twenty catty *: which although so heavy, he had been able to ma- nage at eleven or twelve years old, but his parents had taken it from him, left he should do mischief with it. His mo ther was fuprized at his demand, and

• The catty or catte is the Chinese pound,

and contains sixteen tael: as the tael contains ten mace:-sixteen catte make twenty pounds Portugueze weight, sixteen ounces to the pound. Twenty catty are therefore equivalent to twenty five European pounds. See P. Semedo's hist. part 1. chap. 2. p. 52. N. B. Maces are still in use among the guards that attend a Vice-roy, &c. when he goes in procession. P. Du Halde, vol. 1. p. 253. said, said, "Your father ordered me to lay it up, and never give it you: why do you afk for it? "I am going, "I am going, replied Tieh-chung-u, to the den of a tiger: if I have not that with me, how shall I desend myself?" When he had re- ceived it, he asked for wine, and drank till he made his heart glad: after which, he put on his soldier's habit, and his other dress over it; then or- dered a white horfe to be got ready, which he mounted, commanding twenty servants of the house to come after him at a distance, but Siow tan to follow him near. This done, he rode softly on, 'till he was got without the gate of the city : then he set out full speed, till he came to a splendid palace. Here he stopped and and alighted. Walking about a little, he came to a court, with three gates, very strong and lofty, and curiously wrought: over the middlemoft of thefe, were infcribed the three characters, Yang- bien tang, or the name of the pa- lace. These gates he perceived to be too strong, and too closely shut, for him poffibly to open them: but he ima- gined there must be another entrance besides this to so magnificent a build- ing and looking round, in an alley he discovered a little gate painted red; over which was this infcription: BY THE EMPEROR'S ORDER, NO ONE CAN SO MUCH AS LOOK IN HERE, UN- DER PAIN OF SEVERE PUNISHMENT. Tieh-chung-u finding a crack in the door, peeped through, and saw a great many servants waiting within, and whif- whispering to one another. He then withdrew as softly as he could to his servant and taking off his upper coat, which covered his soldier's dress, and grafping at the same time his arms, mounted his horfe; appearing with all the glory of an hero, or rather an angel*, in the beauty and gracefulness of his person, and brightness of his arms. "Go now, said he to Siow-tan, and acquaint the servants that are behind to come up: afterwards you shall go to the great Mandarine your master in the prison, and desire i. e. Genius or spirit. See not. p. 17. Altho' the Chinese must differ considerably from us in their notion of spirits, the Translator hath every where used the word angel and as it is only employed in figurative allusion, the Editor hath ventured to retain it. him him to come presently." Then riding up to the red gate, and there dif- mounting, he knocked, and called out, saying, "I come here by the Empe- ror's order, and must speak with the Mandarine Tab-quay; acquaint him with it immediately." The servants answered roughly, "Our master is not here, he is at his palace in the city." " 'Tis false, said he, he is here in the house: ye slaves, do ye mean to oppofe the commands of the Emperor?" They stood silent. Open the door, proceeded he, with- out delay." One of the servants an- fwered, "As our master is not here, who dares open the door? And if it were open, who dares enter, in de- fiance of the Emperor's order to the contrary?" Tieh-chung-u in a rage an- fwered, swered, “ I have the Emperor's order; if you don't open the door, I shall open it myself." Then lifting up his foot against the gate, and striking the lock with his brazen mace, at one blow he burst it open; this done, he entered, notwithstanding all the re- fiftance of the Mandarine's people, Upon this, some of them ran to ac- quaint their master, who was em- ployed in examining and punishing the old people, each of them apart, for refusing him their daughter: re- monftrating, that it was in his power to make them amends; and that as they were poor, it was foolish obstinacy not to comply with his desires. as they were, they replied, they could not consent to things so unreasonable. "I am a Doctor of the law, said the old Poor old man, though of the second degree, and of no mean extraction; and had rather live in indigence, than act so un- worthily: your riches will have no ef- fect upon me." Tab-quay grew out- rageous at this, and commanded him to be stripped naked, and bound, in order to be whipped. At this inftant four or five of his people came running in, who cried out," Bad news! a very bad affair has happened!" He inquired what. They told him, a very bold young man had forced open the door, under pretence of the Emperor's order. By this time, Tieh-chung-u was ad- vanced as far as the great hall: at which Tab-quay was greatly surprized, and was going to hide himself: but the other came too suddenly upon him. 66 Ching- "Ching-leao, your servant Sir, said the youth as he came forward: I am come here by the Emperor's order, to speak with you: why are you denied to me?" "If you have such an or- der, said the other, why did not you advise me of it before-hand, instead of forcing your way in, with so much noise, impertinence, and infult?" Tieh. chung-u answered, that his order was private, and admitted of no previous notice. Then advancing, with one hand he seized him, and with the other his sword: asking him at the fame time, if the Emperor did not give this, for a house of retirement and pleasure, and not for a place to ad- minifter public justice: and if so, why was that person stripped naked, and and bound? "That man, said he, is my servant, and neither public justice, nor the Emperor, are con- cerned in what I do to him." “ I am not his servant, cry'd the old man, I am a Doctor of law, and independent of him." "If you are a Doctor, said Tieh-chung-u, how came you to be chaf- tifed here in this manner? what is your name?" He replied, "Han- yuen." "If your name is Han-yuen, when the Emperor's order came out for your appearance, why did you conceal yourself?" Then looking back, he gave a signal to Siow-tan to call in his servants: "Here, said he to them, take that old man into cufto- dy, he is a person under cognizance of the Emperor's tribunal." Tiek-chung-u then then renewed his queftion, why he came there?" I was forced here, an- fwered he, on account of my daughter: and had no more power to refift, than a kid has to withstand a tiger.* If you had not come as you did, I know not whether I should have been alive by this time." He then asked him, "Is your daughter here, or your wife?" he answered, "My wife is in an ad- joining room; my daughter alfo is within: she every day persists in her re- fufal of Tab-quay, and would rather die

• The tiger is almost the only beaft of prey

known in China: but this beaft is exceedingly fierce and dreadful, often committing terrible ravages. See L'Embassade, &c. par Nieuhoff, part 2d. p. 97. Kitcheri Chin. p, 52. This animal seems to furnish out the imagery of the Chinese, as conftantly as the lion does that of Homer. by by her own hands than submit: so that I know not, whether he be dead or alive." Tieh-chung-u at this was deeply affected, and sent his people instantly to secure the mother and daughter. This alarmed Tab-quay, who began to bluster: "How dare you, said he, vio- late this place, by breaking open the doors, and laying hands on the owner. If I have done amifs, you ought to pro- duce the Emperor's order: without it, you are guilty of an unpardonable out- rage." This said, he endeavoured, but in vain, to force away his hand. He then called out to his people, to come and assist him: but Tieh-chung-u bade them it do at their peril : "Who will dare to offer violence to me, who act under the Emperor's authority? who 49 who will lay hands on me?" So saying, he took their master by the girdle, and swung him round, beating down the people, that came to his assistance: until he cried out, "Forbear, forbear; dispute with him no longer." CHA P. IV. IT T happened, that at this juncture arrived several great Mandarines of Tab-quay's acquaintance, and seeing him in this situation, trembling like a mouse in the paws of a cat, they said to Tieh-chung-u, "This Mandarine is of great rank, and if he has ofsended, you must not treat him so as to violate his dignity and honour but let others, or some of us, know the cause of this dif ference, 29 ference, that matters may be com- pofed between you.' This man, replied the youth, has deceived the Emperor with false teftimony, and is guilty of the greatest crimes: what dignity then, what honour is to be re- garded?" "If it be so, replied the Mandarines, the Emperor ought to be informed of it; that he may punish them, as he shall think proper: but it becomes not you to treat him thus.” "You say well, said Tieh-chung-u, but being all alone, when I entered the house, if I had not secured him, I should have met with ill treatment.' "You are very brave and valiant, said the Mandarines; pray did you come hi- ther to-day, in order to revenge any former quarrel; or to asist thefe old people ?" people?" "For neither of these rea- sons, answered he, but by a private order of the Emperor, to apprehend them as persons concealed in this house." Why does not that order appear? said they, read it to us.” He replied, "You shall see it pre- sently." Tab-quay perceiving so many of his acquaintance near him, began to re- fume courage; "Do not regard him, he cried out; there is no truth in what he says: he is no officer under the Emperor he is no way impowered to execute his orders: he is no Manda- rine of justice. He is only come with thefe pretences, to carry off Han-yuen his friend in a lawless manner, to- gether gether with his wife, and daughter." "If you have not the Emperor's or- der, said the others turning to Tieh- chung-u, your coming hither to affront this great Mandarine, and thus to vio- late his honour and dignity, is a crime of the deepest dye. Feats of this kind might have been more safely performed in some distant village: there you might have appeared a valiant fellow. But here, so nigh the city, and limits of the court, to affront a Nobleman, and thus to disgrace his family and rank, is an unpardonable offence: altho' you had wings, you could not escape. But we must send to the city, for the Man- darines of justice." "That is right, said Tieh-chung-u, let them be called." They were accordingly sent for. Presently • Presently arrived the Che-foo, and soon after him, the Che-bien*. The Mandarines related to them, what had happened. "We know not, said those Magistrates, on which side lies the truth: if there is the Emperor's order, it must be read." Then the Che-bien commanded a place for a tribunal to to be prepared, and when it was ready, the order to be produced. Before an- fwer could be made, notice was given that Tieh-u-sheb was arrived. Tab-quay and all the company were amazed :

• In all great cities there is a superior Manda-

rine or Governor, stiled Che-foo, who is of the fourth order of Mandarines. There are besides, one or more inferior Magistrates, with the title of Che-hien: whofe jurifdiction is notwithstand- ing often of great extent: these are Manda- rines of the feventh order. See P. Du Halde, vol. 1. pag. 2. pag. 251, &c. "This and bound? "That man, said he, is my servant, and neither public justice, nor the Emperor, are con- cerned in what I do to him." "I am not his servant, cry'd the old man, I am a Doctor of law, and independent of him." "If you are a Doctor, said Tieh-chung-u, how came you to be chaf- tifed here in this manner? what is your name?" He replied, "Han- juen." "If your name is Han-yuen, when the Emperor's order came out for your appearance, why did you conceal yourself?" Then looking back, he gave a signal to Siow-tan to call in his servants: "Here, said he to them, take that old man into custo- dy, he is a person under cognizance of the Emperor's tribunal." Tiek-chung-u then then renewed his question, why he came there?" I was forced here, an- fwered he, on account of my daughter: and had no more power to refift, than a kid has to withstand a tiger. * If you had not come as you did, I know not whether I should have been alive by this time." He then asked him, “ Is your daughter here, or your wife ?" he answered, "My wife is in an ad- joining room; my daughter alfo is within: she every day persists in her re- fufal of Tab-quay, and would rather die

• The tiger is almoft the only beaft of prey

known in China: but this beaft is exceedingly fierce and dreadful, often committing terrible ravages. See L'Embassade, &c. par Nieuhoff, part 2d. P. 97. Kircheri Chin. p, 52. This animal seems to furnish out the imagery of the Chinese, as conftantly as the lion does that of Homer. by by her own hands than submit: so that I know not, whether he be dead or alive." Tieh-chung-u at this was deeply affected, and sent his people instantly to secure the mother and daughter. This alarmed Tab-quay, who began to bluster: "How dare you, said he, vio- late this place, by breaking open the doors, and laying hands on the owner. If I have done amifs, you ought to pro- duce the Emperor's order without it, you are guilty of an unpardonable out- rage." This said, he endeavoured, but in vain, to force away his hand. He then called out to his people, to come and assist him: but Tieh-chung-u bade them it do at their peril : " Who will dare to offer violence to me, who act under the Emperor's authority? who who will lay hands on me?" So saying, he took their master by the girdle, and swung him round, beating down the people, that came to his assistance: until he cried out, "Forbear, forbear; dispute with him no longer." CHA P. IV. IT T happened, that at this juncture arrived several great Mandarines of Tab-quay's acquaintance, and seeing him in this situation, trembling like a mouse in the paws of a cat, they said to Tieh-chung-u, "This Mandarine is of great rank, and if he has ofsended, you must not treat him so as to violate his dignity and honour : but let others, or some of us, know the cause of this dif ference, ference, that matters may be com- posed between you.” "This man, replied the youth, has deceived the Emperor with false teftimony, and is guilty of the greatest crimes: what dignity then, what honour is to be re- garded ?" "If it be so, replied the Mandarines, the Emperor ought to be informed of it; that he may punish them, as he shall think proper: but it becomes not you to treat him thus." You say well, said Tieh-chung-u, but being all alone, when I entered the house, if I had not secured him, I should have met with ill treatment. "You are very brave and valiant, said the Mandarines; pray did you come hi- ther to-day, in order to revenge any former quarrel; or to asist thefe old people ?" people?" "For neither of these rea- sons, answered he, but by a private order of the Emperor, to apprehend them as persons concealed in this house." "Why does not that order appear? said they, read it to us." He replied, "You shall see it pre- sently." Tab-quay perceiving so many of his acquaintance near him, began to re- fume courage; "Do not regard him, he cried out; there is no truth in what he says: he is no officer under the Emperor he is no way impowered to execute his orders: he is no Manda- rine of justice. He is only come with these pretences, to carry off Han-yuen his friend in a lawless manner, to- gether gether with his wife, and daughter.' "If you have not the Emperor's or- der, said the others turning to Tieh- chung-u, your coming hither to affront this great Mandarine, and thus to vio- late his honour and dignity, is a crime of the deepest dye. Feats of this kind might have been more safely performed in some distant village: there you might have appeared a valiant fellow. But here, so nigh the city, and limits of the court, to affront a Nobleman, and thus to disgrace his family and rank, is an unpardonable offence: altho' you had wings, you could not escape. But we must send to the city, for the Man- darines of justice." "That is right, said Tieh-chung-u, let them be called." They were accordingly sent for. Presently Presently arrived the Che-foo, and soon after him, the Che-bien*. The Mandarines related to them, what had happened. "We know not, said thofe Magistrates, on which side lies the truth: if there is the Emperor's order, it must be read." Then the Che-bien commanded a place for a tribunal to to be prepared, and when it was ready, the order to be produced. Before an- fwer could be made, notice was given that Tieh-u-sheb was arrived. Tab-quay and all the company were amazed:

• In all great cities there is a superior Manda-

rine or Governor, stiled Che-foo, who is of the fourth order of Mandarines. There are besides, one or more inferior Magistrates, with the title of Che-bien: whose jurisdiction is notwithstand- ing often of great extent: these are Manda- rines of the feventh order. See P. Du Halde, vol. 1. pag. 2. pag. 251, &c. "This 54 A CHINESE HISTORY. "This man, said they, is under clofe confinement: how came he here?" Here Tieh-u-sheb entered, holding be fore him the Emperor's order rolled in yellow*. His son cried out, "Shew respect to the Emperor's order." On this, they all knelt down. Tieh-u- heb seeing so many Mandarines pre- sent, said, " This order I am com- miffioned to read; but my eyes being weak, Sir, said he, addressing himself to the Che-foo, be pleased to read it.” The Che-foo took the order, and read as follows. "This order requires Tieh-u sheb to 06 go to the house of Tab-quay, and to

• Yellow is the imperial colour; never worn

but by the Emperor, or employed but when he is immediately concerned. P. Du Halde, &c. "take "take into cuftody, Han-yuen, his wife, "and his daughter: which three per- "sons, wherefoever concealed, Tieh-u- sheb is hereby impowered to make "search after, and to secure." "This order shall continue in force "for three days." When he had done, Tieh-u-sheh, and all the company, made their profound reverence, and rofe up. The great Mandarines of Tab-quay's acquaintance departed in silence: leaving only the two Mandarines of the city with them. "These three persons, said Tieh-u- sheb to the Che-bien, are the Emperor's prisoners to your cuftody commit Ma- them, while I go to Ma jefty of it, and know his farther plea- sure." Han-yuen paid the most profound respect to Tieh-u-sheb, and acknowledged that himself, his wife, and daughter, owed their lives to his great piety and justice: but he told them, they must thank the Emperor alone, for their preservation and safety; then turning to the Che-foo, he said, "I have com- mitted these persons to the care of the Che-bien, in order to carry them to a superior tribunal: but as Tab-quay is a great Mandarine, and of grave and respectable character, you, Sir, are desired to attend him alone to the same audience." Then Tieh-u-sheb, attended by his son, returned back to prison, to await the Emperor's further order. TT Of He then drew up a petition, to ac- quaint his Majesty of their whole pro- ceedings which he graciously received, and returned for answer, "You have done well, and have conducted your felf through this whole business like a true Mandarine of justice: when the affair is ended you shall be promoted to a higher dignity." Orders were then issued out to release him from prison. Tab quay in the mean time was not idle: he offered presents to the Man- darines of the tribunal: but none of them durft accept any. The depofi- tions of the injured parties lay too strongly against him; and proved be- yond all doubt, the forcible seizure hey had under and all the other ill ill ufage they had received. The fu preme Mandarine of the audience, see- ing no other way to bring off his friend, pronounced judgment as follows. "Tab-quay is advanced in years, and is without issue: this induced him "to carry away the young woman "but though he brought her home to his house, it does not appear that he 66 ever offered her any difhonour. He "is descended from an illuftrious fa- "mily several of his ancestors have "served the Emperor in the capacity "of Generals, and have made exten- "five conquests: he himself hath alfo “had his share, and given signal

• The Chinese look upon it of such sacred

importance to leave posterity, that almost any means are esteemed allowable, which conduce to that end. See P. Du Halde, vol. 1. p. 303, 304. "proofs .t • proofs of his ability and courage. "All this considered, as the carrying "off this young woman was from "the motives above recited, and was not followed by any violence, he is "neither guilty of a great offence, nor 66 deserving of very severe punishment: " but this must be left to the deter- "mination of his Majesty." The Emperor issued out this answer to the proceedings of the audience. "Tab-quay is of an illuftrious fami- ly; and of a respectable rank; but "both thefe he hath forfeited; he hath "made a tyrannical ufe of his power

• Here in the original are recited all his titles,

Tab quay gkeou fhau le: of which the two first signify his name; the others his rank, answering to Duke with us. Transf. "in forcing away these people: the daughter was already engaged to "another; his attempt was therefore "the highest injustice: when Tieh- "u-fbeb delivered in his petition; to ❝ secrete them in his house was a con- "tempt of our authority: and to lodge "a false accusation against that Man- "darine, a great abuse of our confi- "dence. To do justice therefore, 'tis "necessary to take away his office: let "him alfo be confined to his house for "three years, paying to Han-yuen one year's income of his place: and for "the fake of his ancestors, let him "be excused any farther punishment. "The young woman, let Wey-phey marry. Let Han-yuen be advan- "ced to a higher degree. Let Tieh- u-sheb be promoted to the office of " Tu- “Tu-cha-yuen, or Superior of the Vice- 66 roys. And lastly, for the Mandarine "of the audience, who was judge in "this cause, let him be amerced three "months of his falary." The determination of the Emperor being made public, every body admi- red Tieh-chung-u, for his wisdom and courage. His same spread abroad, and he was the general topic of conver- fation. Mandarines from all parts came to make him visits of congra- tulation*; from morning to night,

• The paying of visits is a great article of Chi-

nefe politeness: these are made upon every oc- casion, and are conducted with the most cere- monious formality, in which every thing is re- gulated by a public memorial; even to the number of bows, the expressions of compliment, titles, genuflexions, and several turns to the right hand and left, &c. See Du Halde, vol. 1. p. 226. some ference, that matters may be com- pofed between you.” This man, replied the youth, has deceived the Emperor with false teftimony, and is guilty of the greatest crimes: what dignity then, what honour is to be re- garded?" "If it be so, replied the Mandarines, the Emperor ought to be informed of it; that he may punish them, as he shall think proper: but it becomes not you to treat him thus." "You say well; said Tieh-chung-u, but being all alone, when I entered the house, if I had not secured him, I should have met with ill treatment." "You are very brave and valiant, said the Mandarines; pray did you come hi- ther to-day, in order to revenge any former quarrel; or to asist these old people?" people?" "For neither of these rea- sons, answered he, but by a private order of the Emperor, to apprehend them as persons concealed in this house." Why does not that order appear? said they, read it to us." He replied, "You shall see it pre- sently." Tab-quay perceiving so many of his acquaintance near him, began to re- fume courage; "Do not regard him, he cried out; there is no truth in