Lu Xun Complete Works/zh-en/Zhun fengyuetan
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zhun_fengyuetan (zhun_fengyuetan)
Lu Xun (鲁迅, Lǔ Xùn, 1881–1936)
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【准风月谈】
【前记】
【夜颂 游光】
【推 丰之余 】
【二丑艺术 丰之余 】
【偶成 苇索 】
【谈蝙蝠 游光 】
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"Quasi-Fair Talks on Wind and Moon" Foreword Since the editor of "Ziyou Tan" (Free Talk) published a notice on May 25th of the twenty-second year of the Republic of China, requesting that "literary luminaries of the nation henceforth talk more about wind and moon," the established wind-and-moon literati were delighted for quite a while, bobbing their heads and swaying their shoulders. Some made snide remarks, some witty quips, and even the hound dogs who can only play "literary informers" raised their noble tails. But the amusing thing is: those who can talk about storms and clouds can also talk about wind and moon. Very well, let us talk about wind and moon then — even if it still may not quite suit the esteemed taste. The attempt to restrict an author through a topic cannot really be accomplished. If, for example, one gives the essay topic "To learn and constantly practice" and has both a decadent young gentleman and a rickshaw puller write an eight-legged essay on it — the results will decidedly differ. Of course, the rickshaw puller's essay may be called "incoherent" or "nonsense," but this nonsense breaks through the monopoly of the old gentlemen. |
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蝙蝠虽然也是夜飞的动物,但在中国的名誉却还算好的。这也并非因为他吞食蚊虻,于人们有益,大半倒在他的名目,和“福”字同音。以这么一副尊容而能写入画图,实在就靠着名字起得好。还有,是中国人本来愿意自己能飞的,也设想过别的东西都能飞。道士要羽化,皇帝想飞升,有情的愿作比翼鸟儿,受苦的恨不得插翅飞去。想到老虎添翼,便毛骨耸然,然而青蚨飞来,则眉眼莞尔。至于墨子的飞鸢终于失传,飞机非募款到外国去购买不可,则是因为太重了精神文明的缘故,势所必至,理有固然,毫不足怪的。但虽然不能够做,却能够想,所以见了老鼠似的东西生着翅子,倒也并不诧异,有名的文人还要收为诗料,诌出什么“黄昏到寺蝙蝠飞”那样的佳句来。
【“抄靶子” 旅隼 】
【“吃白相饭” 旅隼 】
【华德保粹优劣论 孺牛 】
【华德焚书异同论 孺牛 】
【我谈“堕民” 越客 】
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The bat, though also a nocturnal creature, enjoys a rather good reputation in China. This is not because it devours mosquitoes and gadflies, benefiting mankind, but largely because its name sounds the same as the word for "fortune" (福, fú). To be admitted into paintings with such a countenance — it truly owes this to nothing but its fine name. Moreover, the Chinese have always wanted to fly themselves and have also imagined that other things could fly. Taoist monks wanted to transform into feathered beings, emperors aspired to ascend to heaven, lovers wished to become birds with intertwined wings, and the suffering longed for wings to fly away. The thought of a tiger with wings makes one shudder, but when a lucky coin (青蚨) flies in, one beams with delight. As for Mozi's flying kite — its craft was eventually lost, and airplanes must be purchased from abroad. This is because spiritual civilization was esteemed too highly — an inevitable development that should not surprise anyone at all. |
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不过我现在并不想翻这样的陈年账。我只要说,在绍兴的堕民,是一种已经解放了的奴才,这解放就在雍正年间罢,也说不定。所以他们是已经都有别的职业的了,自然是贱业。男人们是收旧货,卖鸡毛,捉青蛙,做戏;女的则每逢过年过节,到她所认为主人的家里去道喜,有庆吊事情就帮忙,在这里还留着奴才的皮毛,但事毕便走,而且有颇多的犒赏,就可见是曾经解放过的了。
【序的解放 桃椎 】
【别一个窃火者 丁萌 】
【智识过剩 虞明 】
【诗和豫言 虞明 】
【“推”的余谈 丰之余 】
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However, I do not intend to rummage through such old account books now. I only want to say that the "duomin" (fallen people) of Shaoxing were a type of emancipated slaves — this emancipation probably took place during the Yongzheng era, though one cannot be certain. They all already had other occupations, naturally lowly ones. The men collected old goods, sold chicken feathers, caught frogs, and performed in plays. The women went during New Year and holidays to the homes of those they regarded as their masters to offer congratulations; at celebrations and funerals they helped out — herein they still preserved the vestiges of servitude. But when the work was done they left, and moreover received considerable remuneration, which shows they had indeed once been emancipated. Each duomin family had fixed master households to visit — one could not switch at will. When the mother-in-law died, the daughter-in-law took her place, passing it on to the next generation like an inheritance. Only in cases of extreme poverty did one sell the visiting rights to others, thereby severing the relationship with the old master. If you dismissed them without reason, it was tantamount to inflicting a grave insult. |
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生活的压迫,令人烦冤,胡涂中看不清冤家,便以为家人路人,在阻碍了他的路,于是乎“推”。这不但是保存自己,而且是憎恶别人了,这类人物一阔气,出来的时候是要“清道”的。
【查旧帐 旅隼 】
【晨凉漫记 孺牛 】
【中国的奇想 游光 】
【豪语的折扣 苇索 】
【踢 丰之余 】
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The pressure of life makes people angry and confused. In the confusion one cannot see the true enemy and takes family members and passersby for obstacles in one's path — hence the "pushing." This serves not only self-preservation but is also hatred of others. When such people rise to power, they have the "road cleared" when they go out. I do not cling to the past; I merely say that the work of "pushing" has intensified nowadays and the scope has expanded. May the powerful man of the future not "push" me onto the dock of the "reactionaries" — that would be most fortunate. (July 24th.) "Checking Old Accounts" |
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有些慷慨家说,世界上只有水和空气给与穷人。此说其实是不确的,穷人在实际上,那里能够得到和大家一样的水和空气。即使在码头上乘乘凉,也会无端被“踢”,送掉性命的:落浦。要救朋友,或拉住凶手罢,“也被用手一推”:也落浦。如果大家来相帮,那就有“反帝”的嫌疑了,“反帝”原未为中国所禁止的,然而要豫防“反动分子乘机捣乱”,所以结果还是免不了“踢”和“推”,也就是终于是落浦。
【“中国文坛的悲观” 旅隼 】
【秋夜纪游 游光 】
【“揩油” 苇索 】
【我们怎样教育儿童的? 旅隼 】
【为翻译辩护 洛文 】
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Some generous souls say that in this world there is only water and air for the poor. This claim is actually inaccurate: can the poor in practice get the same water and air as everyone else? Even if they cool off a bit at the wharf, they may receive a gratuitous "kick" and lose their lives: they fall into the water. If one tries to save a friend or seize the perpetrator, "one is also pushed away with a hand": one falls into the water too. If everyone comes together to help, there arises the suspicion of "anti-imperialism." "Anti-imperialism" is not actually forbidden in China, but one must guard against "reactionary elements seizing the opportunity to cause trouble" — so the result is still "kicks" and "pushes," which is to say, falling into the water. The times are progressing: steamships and airplanes are everywhere. Had the last emperor of the Southern Song been alive today, he certainly would not have fallen into the sea — he could have fled abroad. Instead, the common people fall into the water. The reason, though simple, is also complex, which is why the house painter Gu Hongsheng said: "I don't know." (August 10th.) |
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【爬和撞 荀继 】
【各种捐班 洛文 】
【四库全书珍本 丰之余 】
【新秋杂识 旅隼 】
【帮闲法发隐 桃椎 】
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"Climbing and Bumping" (Xun Ji) The former Professor Liang Shiqiu once said: the poor always want to climb, climb upward, up to the position of the rich. Not only the poor — slaves too want to climb. When there is an opportunity to climb up, even a slave feels like an immortal, and the world is naturally at peace. Though very few manage to climb up, everyone still believes that precisely this... |
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当没有这样的事件时,那就七日一报,十日一谈,收罗废料,装进读者的脑子里去,看过一年半载,就满脑都是某阔人如何摸牌,某明星如何打嚏的典故。开心是自然也开心的。但是,人世却也要完结在这些欢迎开心的开心的人们之中的罢。
【登龙术拾遗 苇索 】
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When there are no such events, then one reports every seven days, chats every ten, collects refuse and stuffs it into the readers' minds. After a year or a year and a half, the entire brain is filled with anecdotes about how a certain rich man plays mahjong or how a certain star sneezes. Amusing it certainly is. But the human world will probably also come to its end among these people who welcome amusement and delight in amusement. (August 28th.) "Addenda to the Art of Dragon-Climbing" |