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一、为何说维兰德首创“世界文学”? | 一、为何说维兰德首创“世界文学”? | ||
| − | + | 1987 年,德国学者魏茨( Hans-Joachim Weitz,1904—2001) 在《阿卡迪亚》杂志上发表了一篇题为《维兰德是“世界文学”一词的首创者》的短文。魏茨声称他发现了德国作家维兰德( Christoph Martin Wieland,1733—1813) 在1790 至1813 年间亲笔书写的一则手记中首次提到“世界文学”。但维兰德于1813 年1 月20 日去世,他的同时代人并不知道他写有这则手记,歌德在不知情的情况下从1827 年1 月15 日起多次使用了“世界文学”这个词。维兰德与歌德对于“世界文学”的概念相近,但他没有详细论证。所以说,“世界文学”一次是维兰德首创,歌德第一次明确提出的 | |
二、维兰德“世界文学”的概念与歌德的比较 | 二、维兰德“世界文学”的概念与歌德的比较 | ||
1. 维兰德在创作早期作品时:世界文学就是世界各民族的文学名作的总集。该观点体现在《民族文学》文学是世界各民族的共同精神财富,世界文学就是所有时代所有民族的典范作品总集。 | 1. 维兰德在创作早期作品时:世界文学就是世界各民族的文学名作的总集。该观点体现在《民族文学》文学是世界各民族的共同精神财富,世界文学就是所有时代所有民族的典范作品总集。 | ||
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Chinese Studies Conferences
- 2nd World Conference of Chinese Studies August 18-19, 2018 Witten/Germany and August 21-22, 2018 Vienna University/Austria, host: Witten/Herdecke University, convener: M. Woesler, R. Trappl, organizers: WACS, GCA etc.
- 1st World Conference of Chinese Studies - Celebrating the 60th Anniversary of the German China Association August 19-20, 2017 Witten/Germany, host: Witten/Herdecke University, convener: M. Woesler, organizers: WACS, GCA etc.
- Celebrating Cao Xueqin's 300th Anniversary - 3rd Int'l Dream of the Red Chamber Conference Europe M. Woesler for Folkwang University Essen and Cao Xueqin Society (Peking/China) 2016
- China's Way II - European Forum 2015 on the Chinese Path - Achievements and their reasons, Problems and their solutions Chinese Studies Conference, September 27, 2015 (Berlin, Germany), GCA (G. Paul/M. Woesler), Luxemburg Foundation & CASS. German version: Chinas Weg II - Europäisches Forum 2015 zum chinesischen Entwicklungsweg - Erfolge und Gründe, Probleme und Lösungen
- China's Way I - European Forum 2014 on the Chinese Path Chinese Studies Conference, October 20, 2014 (Berlin, Germany), GCA (G. Paul/M. Woesler) & CASS. German version: Chinas Weg I - Europäisches Forum 2014 zum chinesischen Entwicklungsweg
- China and Europe Chinese Studies Conference, March 27-28, 2014 (Italy, Rome), L. Moccia/M. Woesler
- Creation and Consumption of Cultural Commodities December 13-16, 2013 (Wuhan, China), Wenqian G./S. Li et al. and M. Woesler/M. Kettner/M. Frühauf
- China and the Asia-Pacific 2nd UVU Chinese Studies Conference, March 7-8, 2013 (USA), M. Woesler
- China's Global Impact Inaugural UVU Chinese Studies Conference, March 23-25, 2012 (USA), M. Woesler
The indicated colleagues are the chairs and co-chairs of the Organizing Committees.
Courses
- International Sinology - spring term 2018 (Beijing Normal University/China)
- Introduction to Foreign Literature 2018 - spring term 2018 (Beijing Normal University/China)
- Myth of Immortality / Mythos Unsterblichkeit - winter term 2017 (Witten/Herdecke University/Germany)
- Motifs of World Literature / Motive der Weltliteratur - winter term 2017 (Witten/Herdecke University/Germany)
- Research on the Overseas Distribution of Chinese Literature - fall term 2017/18 (Beijing Normal University/China)
- Selected Research Topics in Comparative Literature - fall term 2017/18 (Beijing Normal University/China)
- Internet in China - summer term 2017 (Witten/Herdecke University/Germany)
- Education in Dictatorships - summer term 2017 (Witten/Herdecke University/Germany)
- Early Western Translations of the Dream of the Red Chamber - summer term 2017 (Witten/Herdecke University/Germany)
- Introduction to Foreign Literature - spring term 2017 (Beijing Normal University/China)
- Mass communication in the Age of New Media - winter term 2016 (Witten/Herdecke University/Germany)
- First encounters between distant cultures - and the earliest translations of literature, focusing on China (from the German/European perspective) - winter term 2016 (Witten/Herdecke University/Germany)
- Dissemination of Chinese Literature abroad - fall term 2016 (Beijing Normal University/China)
- Translated Literature - fall term 2016 (Beijing Normal University/China)
- Communication 4.0 - New experimental communication apps (in China, the US and Europe) - summer term 2016 (Witten/Herdecke University/Germany)
- Internationale Softpower - mit einem Fokus auf China - summer term 2016 (Witten/Herdecke University/Germany)
- Modern Chinese Literature - Students' contributions - (Peking Normal University/China)
- Resolving Conflicts, Finding Compromises, Understanding Each Other -- summer term 2015 (Witten/Herdecke University/Germany)
- Early reception and translations of the Dream of the Red Chamber -- summer term 2015 (Nanking Normal University/China)
- EU-China Multi-level Comparison -- winter term 2014/2015 (Università Roma Tre/Italy)
- The Other -- winter term 2014/2015 (Witten/Herdecke University/Germany)
- Cultural memory and the Cultural Revolution -- summer term 2014 (Witten/Herdecke Universit/Germany)
- Communicating better -- summer term 2014 (Witten/Herdecke University/Germany)
- China and us -- winter term 2013/2014 (Witten/Herdecke University/Germany)
- Reading Course -- winter term 2013/2014 (Ruhr University Bochum/Germany)
- German as a Foreign Language B2.2 for Chinese Students (Ruhr University Bochum/Germany)
- Comparing Cultures -- Students' contributions (Witten/Herdecke University/Germany) - co-taught Dr. M. Kettner / Dr. M. Woesler
- Traditional Chinese History -- Students' contributions (Utah Valley University/USA) - Chinese History from the earliest times through the Ming Dynasty.
- Modern Chinese History -- Students' contributions (Utah Valley University/USA) - Chinese History from the Qing Dynasty to today.
- Classical Chinese Literature -- Students' contributions (Utah Valley University/USA) - The history of Chinese Literature from the earliest times through the Ming Dynasty.
- Modern Chinese Literature - Students' contributions - (Utah Valley University/USA)
- Introduction to Chinese Studies - Students' contributions (Utah Valley University/USA)
- Chinese Philosophy - Students' contributions (Utah Valley University/USA)
- Chinese Culture and Film -- Students' contributions (Utah Valley University/USA) - Chinese Films- from the earliest days of movies in China to now and their changing representations of Modern Chinese Culture.
- Success in the China Related Job Market -- (Utah Valley University/USA) Timeline and Students' contributions
Useful things
- Free online tools to learn Chinese -- Students' contributions Fall 2011 - Chinese Language
Handout 4 of Ren Xin --
贺骥.“世界文学”概念:维兰德首创:
Summary: 主要讲述了人们发现维兰德首次提出“世界文学”的过程,维兰德对“世界文学”的概念以及与歌德的比较。
一、为何说维兰德首创“世界文学”? 1987 年,德国学者魏茨( Hans-Joachim Weitz,1904—2001) 在《阿卡迪亚》杂志上发表了一篇题为《维兰德是“世界文学”一词的首创者》的短文。魏茨声称他发现了德国作家维兰德( Christoph Martin Wieland,1733—1813) 在1790 至1813 年间亲笔书写的一则手记中首次提到“世界文学”。但维兰德于1813 年1 月20 日去世,他的同时代人并不知道他写有这则手记,歌德在不知情的情况下从1827 年1 月15 日起多次使用了“世界文学”这个词。维兰德与歌德对于“世界文学”的概念相近,但他没有详细论证。所以说,“世界文学”一次是维兰德首创,歌德第一次明确提出的 二、维兰德“世界文学”的概念与歌德的比较 1. 维兰德在创作早期作品时:世界文学就是世界各民族的文学名作的总集。该观点体现在《民族文学》文学是世界各民族的共同精神财富,世界文学就是所有时代所有民族的典范作品总集。 2. 和歌德一样,维兰德的世界文学概念带有言必称希腊的欧洲中心主义色彩,他的世界文学乃是以古希腊罗马文学为正典、以欧洲文学为核心的世界各民族文学经典的总集。“阅读最优秀的作家的杰作”乃是维兰德“世界文学”概念的核心: 杰作即古往今来世界各民族的文学经典。 3. 维兰德认为优秀作品的形成过程: 首先作家必须以阅世高人的文化修养和娴熟的艺术技巧创造有审美价值的“文学杰作”;其次是后世“最优秀的人们”对这些杰作的“宣扬”和“奉为样板”。
三、“世界文学”概念有三种定义: ( 1) 广义的“世界文学”指的是所有民族和所有时代文学作品的总和( Gesamtliteratur) ; ( 2) 狭义的“世界文学”指的是超时代的、具有普遍审美价值的世界各民族文学的典范作品总集( Kanon) ,换言之,“世界文学”就是具有世界声誉的文学杰作的荟萃,这种精英主义意义上的“世界文学”概念在当今学界占据了主导地位; ( 3) 歌德于1827 年提出的文学发展蓝图,它指的是国际性的文学交往( Kommunikation der Literatur) 和文化接触,交往的结果就是具有特性的各民族文学的融合。
Reference: 贺骥.“世界文学”概念:维兰德首创[J].社会科学,2014(07):176-182. --ImRx (talk) 13:24, 13 April 2018 (UTC)