Chin Cult 2024

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Welcome to our Chinese Culture Chin_Cult_2024 course website!

Session 1: Organizational issues THU Feb 29 11:30-13:00 s. 401 SIN I MGR

Schedule

Kultura chińska SIN I MGR Thursdays s. 401/413 Sess1 Feb 29 11:30-13:00, Sess2 Feb 29 13:15-14:45, Sess3 Mar 21, 11:30-13:00, Sess4 Mar 21, 13:15-14:45, Sess5 Apr 4, 11:30-13:00, Sess6 Apr 4, 13:15-14:45, Sess7 Apr 25 11:30-13:00, Sess 8 Apr 25, 13:15-14:45, Sess9 May 9, 11:30-13:00, Sess10 May 9, 13:15-14:45, Sess11 June 13 11:30-13:00, Sess12 June 13, 13:15-14:45, Sess13 MON Jun 17, 11:30-13:00, Sess14 MON Jun 17, 13:15-14:45, Sess15 Jun 20, 11:30-13:00, FinEx Jun 20, 13:15-14:45

What we learn in this class

  • We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective.
  • We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.
  • We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.
  • We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.
  • We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.
  • We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.
  • We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.
  • We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).

Suggested changes for this semester

Greater variety to get a better overview. Not 1 hour about one single topic. As a preparation, reading vocabulary list and one text per teaching hour, questions do not have to be answered in advance but in class and no student presentations. In class, we go through the texts and clarify unclear points and answer the questions. To get a contribution grade, sometimes a short test will be conducted.

New element: Chinese tandem partner student => you are free to use this offer, either for this class or in general (pen friend)

Please read the texts ahead of class (mostly two weeks time to prepare => in average every week 2 texts).

Textbook Topics

The teacher provides terminology, CHINESE texts and quiz questions about several cultural aspects. We will choose among the following topics:

涂海蓉 34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Confucian_Institutes_2024.pptx If there is a power point on this platform, everyone can upload it

朱然 36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Confucianism_2024.pptx

114 龚星月(PPT) Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Daoism_as_Philosophy_2024.pptx

122 戴振(ppt) Religion: Daoism

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Daoism_as_Religion_2024.pptx

姜睿 93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:TCM_2024.pptx

李珣 18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:24_Solar_Terms_2024.pptx

104 黄文莉ppt Mythology: Gods and Immortals

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Gods_2024.pptx

160 赵梦娇(PPT) Traditional Festivals

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Festivals_2024.pptx

储守娟 57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Female_Emperor_2024.pptx

李嫣然 12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Shengjing_Palace_2024.pptx

潘彤 63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Mogao_2024.pptx

牟一泓 30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Chinese_Characters_2024.pptx

李舒婧 82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Tang-Song_2024.pptx

宋成爽 76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Su_Shi_2024.pptx

罗嘉怡 77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Mountains_and_Seas_2024.pptx

胡煜杰 71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Classical_Fairy_Tales_2024.pptx

罗杨 81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Strange_Stories_from_Studio_2024.pptx

陈卓 46. Fine Arts: Painting

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Painting_2024.pptx

肖烨 67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Nanking_2024.pptx

169 温一宁ppt Cuisine: Luosifen

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Luosifen_2024.pptx

李思瑾 21. Beverages: Tea

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Tea_2024.pptx

111 陈思思ppt Opera: Tea-picking Opera

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Tea-picking_Opera_2024.pptx

185 丁昕怡ppt Opera: Huangmei opera

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Huangmei_Opera_2024.pptx

190 梁诚知ppt Fine arts:Kunqu Opera

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Kunqu_Opera_2024.pptx

177 周静怡(ppt) stage entertainment:Yuan drama

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Yuan_Drama_2024.pptx

139 陈倩ppt Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Crosstalk_2024.pptx

173 金川玉ppt Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Deyunshe_2024.pptx

谭雅兰 20. Beverages: Milk Tea

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Milk_Tea_2024.pptx

裴心弦 7. Animals: Panda

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Panda-Culture_2024.pptx

杨子璇 51. Games: Kite Flying

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Kites_2024.pptx

雷慧婷 4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Marriage_Songs_Hunan_2024.pptx

178 徐硕珮(ppt) Music and instruments: Erhu

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Erhu_2024.pptx

187 周莉ppt Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Lion_Dance_2024.pptx

168 肖娄君(PPT) Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Swordsman_2024.pptx

134 陈健 Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Silk_Road_Zhang_Qian_2024.pptx

136 罗彬 Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Silk_Road_Zheng_He_2024.pptx

167 王晨(PPT) History: Wang Shouren

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Wang_Shouren_2024.pptx

145 石慕予 Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery)

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Sichuan_Embroidery_2024.pptx

147 赵欣雨ppt Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Paper-cutting_2024.pptx

176 刘欣雨ppt Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Umbrella_2024.pptx

148 陈昕舟ppt Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Chinese_Knots_2024.pptx

喻鑫众 69. Language: Chinese Dialects

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Chinese_Dialects_2024.pptx

向璐 99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Ethnic_Costumes_2024.pptx

陈佳雯 33. Clothing: Cheongsam

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Cheongsam_2024.pptx

林如茵 23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Lion_Dance_2024.pptx

罗淑珍 88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Martial_Arts_Huo_Yuanjia_2024.pptx

龙雨涵 92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi)

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Martial_Arts_Five_Animals_2024.pptx

154 李静怡 Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Four_Cuisines_2024.pptx

155 廖巧然 Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Wuhan_Breakfast_2024.pptx

157 黄薪诺 Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Hotpot_2024.pptx

卢逸萱 45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Face_Change_Sichuan_Opera_2024.pptx

段思雅 44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Traditional_Make-up_2024.pptx

179 师瑶ppt Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Marriage_Views_2024.pptx

126 刘春秀ppt Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Four_New_Inventions_2024.pptx

138 刘晓宇ppt Social: Round Table Culture

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Round_Table_2024.pptx

192 易祺芳ppt National Belief: the Chinese Dream

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Chinese_Dream_2024.pptx

谢香琳 40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Chinese_Education_System_2024.pptx

168 肖娄君(PPT) Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Swordsman_2024.pptx

167 王晨(PPT) History: Wang Shouren

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Wang_Shouren_2024.pptx

147 赵欣雨ppt Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Paper-cutting_2024.pptx

176 刘欣雨ppt Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Umbrella_2024.pptx

148 陈昕舟ppt Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Chinese_Knots_2024.pptx

179 师瑶ppt Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Marriage_Views_2024.pptx

126 刘春秀ppt Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Four_New_Inventions_2024.pptx

138 刘晓宇ppt Social: Round Table Culture

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Round_Table_2024.pptx

192 易祺芳ppt National Belief: the Chinese Dream

Preparatory homework for every session

Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective vocabulary lists and texts on the handouts or in the textbook.

Final paper after Session 15

Please think of a new topic of a phenomenon of traditional or modern Chinese culture. Please use the same format as the other topics in the textbook, including text, terms, references, questions. Whenever you indicate a reference, please also mention the page number. When you select another topic, please coordinate with your class representative that no other students selects the same topic and confirm with the instructor that the topic is appropriate.

Session 2 THU Feb 29, 13:15-14:45 s. 413 SIN I MGR

Half of the class reads the two texts about Confucianism and half of the class the two about Daoism and both then explain to the other half both philosophical directions / religions.

https://bou.de/u/wiki/Chin_Cult_2024 , select from the content: Session 2

The topics and contents of the following sessions will be determined by the selection of the students. (C1 Mar 7, C2 Mar 14)

涂海蓉 34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture

If there is a power point on this platform, everyone can upload it here: Media:Confucian_Institutes_2024.pptx

儒学:儒家文化

引言

儒家是由孔子建立,孟子发展,荀子整理的学术流派。迄今,它仍然保持着一定的生命力。儒家以儒学为指导思想,其中心思想是恕、忠、孝、悌、勇、仁、义、理、智、信。(李晓愚,2010年,第31页)

先秦时期,百家争鸣,儒家与其他百家学术流派处于同等地位。秦始皇焚书坑儒后,儒家的发展受到严重打击。后来,为了维护封建专制统治,汉武帝听从了董仲舒“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”的建议,加强思想专制,儒家得到复兴。(张岂之,1990年,第20页)“儒家”“儒学”“儒教”的概念是不同的,儒家是理论学派,儒学是社会阶层,而儒教是信仰。(陈智斌、杜爱红,2017年,第60-61页)

老子创立了中国道家学派;孔子始创了中国儒家学派;孙子开创了中国兵家学派;墨子是战国初期墨家的创始人。儒学有助于指导行为规范,建设社会秩序;道家注重培养自然观念和精神发展方向;法学服务于国家政治管理的制度建设;兼爱和非攻的概念是墨家的两大基石。

儒学的大一统思想在国家统一、增强民族凝聚力和文化价值融合方面发挥了重要的作用。(谭苏,2012年,第68页)历经两千多年的发展和演变,儒家文化建立起了一个完整的思想体系,包括政治、教育、道德、伦理、行为规范、生活技巧等各个方面。它贯穿华夏历史,培育了中华民族的智慧与灵魂,形成了根深蒂固的思维、心理与生存模式。(向春玲,2008年,第42-43页)

儒家文化分析

智慧发展

孔子是伟大的教育家,也是平民教育的先锋者和实践者。儒学被确立为正统文化后,统治者和百姓都尊崇孔圣教义,重视教育。在这种背景下,保持高度的文化修养与礼教浸润是基本的要求。隋朝,隋文帝发明科举考试,学而优则仕,这鼓舞了寒门学习通过勤奋学习改变自己的生活。(张岂之1990,19)

中华民族世世代代十分重视对子女的教育,这有利于提高整个民族的思维能力。然而,中后期政府的腐败、官僚的黑暗让许多文人学士对仕途感到绝望,对理念感到怀疑。此外,四书五经是儒学的主要学习内容。除了官办学校,私塾和自学几乎无法达到六艺的要求。(张岂之,1990年,第21页)因此,四书五经被作为学生学习的重点,而六艺并没有得到高度重视。

精神指引

精神层面,儒学主张“天行健,君子当自强不息;地势坤,君子以厚德载物。”(张岂之,1990年,第86页)仁者爱人,体现了“天人合一”的精髓,也是儒学最精辟的内涵。这种哲学号召人们积极奉献社会。在现代,它仍具有生命力,是未来人们精神方向的基本要求。(李晓愚,2010年,第32页)

秩序构建

野蛮时期与落后时期的共同点是,一小部分人掌权,压迫奴役大部分人,结果导致劳动分工和财富分配不公,产生了相应的社会等级制度和观念。因为儒学发展于封建社会的过渡时期,孔孟思想植根于唯心主义天命观,没有突破社会等级制度的束缚。此外,他们甚至提倡贵贱有别,强调了等级划分的重要性。(李芳萍,2013年,第56页)

这种背景下,他们所倡导的“仁”在政治管理方面有很大的局限性。百姓的政治地位不能得到公平对待。反之,这种所谓的“仁”呼吁改善百姓生活条件,统治阶级获得更多利益。然而,它的目的是维护社会秩序,调解社会矛盾。这也是封建统治者支持儒学的根本原因。本质上,儒学并没有促进社会公平,相反,它致力于维护不公平的封建社会等级制度,加剧了奴役。事实上,在长期的封建统治下,等级观念已经变成了民族心理的一部分。随着时代与文明的进步,天命观和社会秩序思想变成了中华民族的心理桎梏。(李芳萍,2013年,第56页)

消除封建等级思想和形式主义理念后,儒学的一些哲理在现在社会仍然产生着积极的影响。具体来说,“仁”和“博爱”的精神有利于培养人们的精神;“国家属于人民”的理念反映的积极奉献社会的责任感,可以扩展为不同国家所共享的社会与政治哲学。(李晓愚,2010年,第33页)

孝悌增进了家庭的和睦与稳定;忠信礼恕有利于不同国家、社会和人民之间的关系。“忠”意味着人民应该对国家和民族保持忠诚;“友”“恕”在化解各种矛盾与敌意中发挥着重要作用;谈到“孝”“礼”,许多封建社会遗留的的繁文缛节应当被根除,更注重实际。(向春玲,2008年,第39-41页)

儒家文化的当代价值

今天,儒家文化仍然具有重要意义。我们必须在中华民族优秀传统的基础上,结合当今时代特征与实际国情,探索儒家文化的价值。儒家文化影响中国民族两千余年,已深入到中国社会的方方面面。(向春玲,2008年,第39页)

思想政治教育

儒家文化主张以人为本,高度重视人的价值和尊严。(张岂之,1990年,第51-57页)

多年来,中华民族深受这一优秀哲理影响。在此背景下,其行为模式与心理结构被赋予了独特性,主要表现在两个方面。一是自尊自爱,学会关爱自己。除此之外,也要通过不断提升道德修养增强自尊,实现人的价值发展。二是尊重他人,通过尊重、理解和关心他人来体现对他人人格的尊重。(向春玲,2008年,第39-40页)

现代化经济建设

当今形势下,一些思想内容仍然具有生命力,对促进现代化经济建设,培养中国人民现代爱国主义情感产生着积极影响。(李承宗,2002年,第65页)

首先,儒家文化强调“仁”的思想与组织意识。它有利于培养集体主义思想,为中国现代经济提供精神支柱。(李承宗,2002年,第65页)

由于儒家文化体现的集体主义人生观,个人充满了对他人和集团的义务感和责任感。在此背景下,他们的自我修养旨在治国齐家平天下。因此,个人的价值与国家的兴衰紧密相连,所以他们有强烈的责任感。“天下兴亡,匹夫有责”成为了数千年来的共同信念。这种社会责任感会产生巨大的驱动力,推进国家与社会的发展。(谭苏,2012年,第68页)

第二,儒家文化的“自强”意识和“求是”主张增强了民族精神,为中国经济现代化提供了源动力。(李承宗,2002年,第66页)

《易传》指出:“天行健,君子以自强不息。”它意味着不断发展是自然的法则,君子应当追求进步,坚强不屈。千年来,中华民族在这些思想的影响下形成了奋发图强的优良传统。今天,我们弘扬“自强不息”与“实事求是”的精神,就是要进一步增强民族精神,为社会主义现代化提供强大动力。(李承宗,2002年,第67页)

第三,儒家文化的“改革创新”理念有利于进一步改革开放,加快中国社会主义现代化。在认可不断发展是自然法则的基础上,儒家文化提出了“创新”思想。《礼记》中有言:“苟日新,日日新,又日新。”《易经》曰:“革故鼎新。”(李承宗,2002年,第67页)

这个理念不仅为历史中的改革创新奠定了理论基础,也为当今社会主义经济政治体制改革提供了宝贵经验。对内,弘扬创新精神能够极大地增强中国人民的改革意识。对外,它有利于扩大儒家文化的国际影响力,进一步对开外放。(李承宗,2002年,第67页)

法制建设

儒家文化高度重视个人修养,高度文明的法治社会应该由高素养的公民组成。儒家,在中国有着千年历史的学术流派,已成为中华文化不可或缺的组成部分。(李晓愚,2010年,第32-33页)

如今,中国提出将德治与法治相结合的政策,正是儒家文化找准历史定位,充分发挥作用的时机。探索儒家文化对当代中国法治建设的影响,不仅可以帮助我们深入了解传统文化,也能促进当今中国的法治建设进程。(李晓愚,2010年,第32-33页)

德治思想是儒家文化的重要组成部分,它强调德育的重要性。它是古代中国统治者奉行的治国方略,也是当代中国具有重要借鉴意义的治国方法。

治国层面,儒家强调道德的重要性,它相信治国不应该主要依靠严刑峻法,相反,应该用德育感化民众。子曰:“为政以德,譬如众星捧月。”通过将统治者比作北极星,将人民比作群星,孔子强调了德育的重要性。(王杰,2004,第77页)

如何以德治国?首先,统治者应注重自己的个人修养,发展良好道德品质,以此为公众树立优秀榜样。只有官民真诚地服从于统治者,才能形成良好的社会氛围。其次,由于儒学以“仁”为其核心,呼吁德治,很多人下意识地认为儒学否定法治,并认为儒家文化根本不主张法治。(王杰,2004年,第82-83页)

事实并非如此。诚然儒学提倡德治,它也强调以法治为辅。子曰:“圣人认为,国家治理必须德治与法治相结合。”也就是说,如果用制度和法律约束人们,他们会寻求免罚却缺乏良知;然而,如果以道德和礼节指引他们,他们会有是非观念并严格要求自己。(王杰,2004年,第83页)

总而言之,我们应该认识到,尽管儒家文化是中国的优秀传统文化,它也是封建社会的产物,其本意旨在维护封建专制君主制。因此,它不可避免地存在一些落后性和局限性。在这种情形下,我们必须辩证分析儒家文化,探索儒家文化价值。同时,我们应舍弃其遗留的陋习和不利因素,更好地弘扬中国传统文化,加快现代中国法治建设。(王杰,2004年,第83页)

孔子学院

随着中国国际地位的提高和国际交流的日益增强,中国文化赢得了广泛的国际关注,世界更加渴望学习和理解中国文化。2004年,为响应时代号召,孔子学院成立。今天,孔子学院已遍及亚洲、非洲、美洲、欧洲和大洋洲。(吴瑛,提文静,2009年,第30页)

从根本上说,它有助于中国文化走出去,因为语言是中国文化的重要载体。它对于中国国家形象塑造、中国国际影响力提升、实现广泛国际交流都具有积极意义。(吴瑛,提文静,2009年,第30页)

孔子学院的快速发展充分展现了世界人民学习汉语、了解中国的需求和渴望,但过程中仍然存在一些难题。当今,各国致力于传播自己的语言和文化,因此,国际文化推广中存在着激烈的竞争。此外,孔子学院努力实现持续发展。对内,其发展受诸多因素限制,包括师资短缺、质量低下及缺乏针对性。(吴瑛,提文静,2009年,第31页)

如今,孔子学院遍及世界,但追求量与速的传播策略导致能够对外教授汉语的教师严重不足。

据统计,全球至少缺少 500 万名 TCSL 教师。(吴瑛,提文静,2009年,第31页)

其次,缺乏高质量的本土化汉语教材也成为孔子学院发展的瓶颈。汉语教材的缺乏直接影响了孔子学院文化交流的深度。第三,孔子学院不能传播中国文化的渊博思想。尽管教材内容丰富,但它们主要注重于通过介绍中国食物、茶酒、传统中国医学和武术传播民俗文化。

同时,它们很少提及传统中国文化的思想精髓和现代中国文化的现代价值。(吴瑛,提文静,2009年,第32页)

孔子学院应当全力探索儒学的现代意义,传播中国文化精髓,增进中国文化核心思想及其现代文化价值的推广。中国文化海纳百川。孔子学院应该传播的不是中国文化的全部内容,而是不同于其他国家又展现出中国文化精髓的、具有普世价值的内容。(向春玲,2008年,第42页)

问题

1.儒家文化的核心思想是什么?

2.儒家、儒学、儒教有什么区别?

3.你怎么看待儒家、道家、墨家、法家之间的关系?

4.什么是六艺?

5.你怎么认为儒学的古代影响?

6.你认为儒家文化在中国仍有其当代价值吗?为什么?

7.你如何看待孔子学院的发展现状?

朱然 36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism

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36. 儒家思想:古典哲学—孔子和儒家思想

孔子被认为是古代中国的一位伟大哲学家和一位伟大圣人。在中国,孔子被称为仲尼、孔丘或孔夫子(孔先生)。17世纪的耶稣会传教士称呼他为Confucius,这个源自拉丁语的名字已为西方所熟知。

据说在大约公元前551年,孔子生于鲁国曲阜(现山东省),卒于公元前479年。他生活在一个动荡时代之末,称为春秋时期。旧周朝诸侯国为争夺霸权而相互争斗,产生的混乱使许多思想家寻求社会秩序与和谐的基本原则。孔子试图游说各个诸侯国,使君主们相信正确的治理方式。虽然儒家思想成为了国家的官方思想体系,但它从未变成一个具有教堂和牧师的确立宗教。中国学者尊称孔子为伟大的老师和圣人,但并没有将他当作人格神来崇拜。孔子本人也没有宣称具有神性。

儒家思想是中国主要的官方思想体系,起源于孔子及其弟子的教导。它涉及到优良行为、实践智慧和适当社会关系的原则。它影响了中国人的生活态度,设定了生活方式和社会价值标准,并为中国的政治理论和制度提供了背景。它自然融入了古代中国的紧密家庭关系和绝对规则模式中,其中父亲像皇帝一样治理,而皇帝则应该像父亲一样关心他的子民,而下面的人则对两者都要服从。这一信仰体系长期统治中国,主要推崇那些适应静态和理想温和世界的美德,使每个家庭都在统治者的统治下有其位置,每个独立的人在家庭中也有其位置。儒家思想从中国的朝鲜、日本和越南传播开来,引起了西方学者的极大兴趣。

儒家思想的原则包含在孔子及其追随者传下来的九本古书中。这些教义可以分为两组:五经和四书。

五经是孔子时期之前的作品,包括以下著作:《周易》(Classic of Changes)、《尚书》(《Classic of History)、《诗经》(Classic of Poetry)、《礼记》(Classic of Rites)和《春秋》(Spring and Autumn Annals)。《周易》主要是一部占卜手册,可能编撰于公元前11世纪之前。其补充的哲学部分,包含在一系列附录中,可能是孔子及其弟子所写。《尚书》是一部古代历史文献的汇编,《诗经》是一部古代诗歌的选集。《礼记》涉及行为原则,包括公共和私人仪式应遵守的规则。《春秋》据说是孔子编纂的唯一著作,是一部珍贵的编年史,记录了从公元前8世纪到公元前5世纪初孔子死亡时的重大封建中国历史事件。

四书是孔子和孟子言论的汇编,以及弟子们对这些思想的评论。包括《论语》(Analects)是孔子名言的汇编,构成了他的道德和政治哲学的基础,《大学》(Ta Hsueh)或The Great Learning,,《中庸》(Chung Yung)或The Doctrine of the Mean,包含一些他的哲学言论,有序地附有弟子们的注释和阐述,《孟子》(Meng Tzu)或Book of Mencius包含孔子最好的继承者之一的名言。

儒家伦理的主旨是“仁”,被解读为各种意思“仁爱”、“爱情”、“善良”、“人性”或“仁心”。“仁”是最高的美德,代表人类最高尚的品质。在个人关系中,“仁”被视为人与人之间的关系,在对自己和他人忠(诚)或faithfulness中得到体现。端庄、互惠和利他主义在儒家黄金法则中体现得淋漓尽致,“己所不欲,勿施于人”。其他重要的儒家美德包括righteousness(义)、propriety(礼)、wisdom(智)、trustworthy- ness 或 integrity(信)和filial piety(孝)。拥有所有这些美德的人成为君子,完美的绅士。政治上,孔子倡导一种父权制的政府,其中君主是仁慈和尊贵的,而子民是尊重和顺从的。统治者应该修养自己,成为道德上完美的人,这样他才能为人民树立良好的榜样。在教育上,孔子坚持“有教无类”的理论。

术语和表达方式

Kong Qiu 孔丘

Qufu 曲阜

Ducal state 诸侯国

Great teacher and sage 至圣先师

Classic of Changes 《易经》

Classic of History 《书经》

Classic of Poetry 《诗经》

Classic of Rites 《礼记》

Spring and Autumn Annals 《春秋》

Appendix n. 附录

Commentary n. 笺注 Analects 《论语》

The Great Learning 《大学》

The Doctrine of the Mean 《中庸》

Book of Mencius 《孟子》

Benevolence n. 仁

Righteousness n. 义

Propriety n. 礼

Wisdom n. 智

Integrity n. 信

Filial piety 孝

问题

1. “孔子”是什么意思?孔子是如何闻名西方的?

2. 孔子生活在哪个混乱的时代?他是如何宣讲自己的思想的?

3. 儒家思想曾经变成国教吗?哪些国家的政治和宗教相结合?

4. 儒家思想主要关于什么?它对中国文化有多重要?

5. 儒家思想符合古代中国的等级制度吗?它的目标是建立什么样的社会?

6. 五经指的是什么?

7. 五经分别是关于什么的?它们都是由孔子编撰的吗?

8. 四书指的是什么?他们包括什么?

9. 哪一本书构成了儒家思想的基础?孔子的格言都包含在其中了吗?

10. 儒家伦理的主旨是什么?你还知道儒家的其他美德吗?

11. 统治者和臣民应该如何按照儒家的道德准则行事?

114 龚星月(PPT) Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism

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114 哲学流派:古典哲学——道教

道教起源于中国哲学家老子和庄子。道教主要的典籍要回溯到老子的《道德经》。第二本典籍则是庄子的寓言书,它用寓言的方式表达了道教的理念。道教强调人与自然的结合,并建议人类不要与自然对抗,而要通过与之合作共生来控制环境。同样,道教教导人应该通过信任而不是反对自己的自然感受和本能来控制自己,将它们引导到想要的方向而不是抗拒它们。只有这样,他才能获得生命,要么在世界中更长时间留名,要么获得肉体永生。

道教徒相信永生。据说,仙人呼吸风,饮露水,乘云漫游。他们超脱一切尘世烦恼。如果人们全身心地修身养性就有望“得道”,能够长寿,甚至永生,。广受民众欢迎的神话故事《八仙过海》也起源于道教。

道教也与炼金术联系在一起,曾经是通过将庸俗物质转变成黄金来寻求长生不老的实践方法。黄金因其在变化条件下的耐久性和稳定性而与永生联系在一起。“炼金术”一词通过阿拉伯语从中文中“金”一词演变而来。由于配制长生不老药所使用的成分包括砷和水银这种有毒矿物质,经常会产生与预期相反的效果:不止一个中国皇帝死于“仙丹中毒”。

道教重视远离时间、烦恼和与官僚权力的纠葛。因此,它为中国思想贡献了一种无政府主义的思潮,对为中央集权服务的传统儒家思想提出了质疑。无为,有时被翻译为“无为而治”,是道教的一个核心信条,也在大多数中国军事战略书籍中具有重要意义。无为并不意味着单纯的惰性,而是指不做与事物发展趋势背道而行的事情。

道教几乎为所有事物都有神灵——太阳、月亮、星星、风、雨、雷电、山川河流。它还有镇神、地主、灶神、门神和财神。这些神灵的归统于太上老君和玉皇大帝。他们被供奉在道教寺庙和庙宇中。它们的象征物也可以在许多家庭,特别是农村家庭中出现。人们崇拜财神,希望能发财。据说门神能够驱赶恶魔,而灶神被认为是“主管每个家庭的命运”。道教认为灶神每年都会向玉皇大帝报告他所管理家庭的善恶。他在农历十二月二十三日也就是上天庭报告那天被供奉,然后在春节前夜返回时再次被供奉。

道教有许多经典著作。明代编纂的《道藏》共有5485卷。然而,作修行用的书籍的数量并不多。道教经书主要包括《道德经》,这是一部五千多字的哲学诗歌;《清静经》,教导人们远离尘世欲望以实现心灵和思想的平静;《玉皇大帝经》,歌颂玉皇大帝并祈求天官赐福;以及《黄庭经》,以七言律诗形式,教导道教修炼之道。


122 戴振(ppt) Religion: Daoism

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122. 宗教:道教 参见:哲学学派-道教 道教是唯一一种完全源自中国,并在中国土壤中成熟发展起来的主要宗教。它起源于东汉末年,即顺帝在位期间(125-144年),以古老的巫术和长生之术为基础。然而,道教徒将老子视为道教的创始人和至高神,将老子的著作《道德经》(一部仅有5000字的小册子)视为信徒的经典。 在他的著作中,老子说基本原则是:1. 仁爱;2. 纯洁;3. 不敢先于人行动。 仁爱意味着对宇宙中的一切保持友好的态度,保持普世和谐。纯洁意味着摆脱奢望,保持心灵和身体的简朴。不敢先于人行动意味着谦逊,抑制自我,而不是采取强势和支配的态度。

“道”一词意为“方法”。在最广泛的意义上,道是宇宙运行的方式,所有自然事件的路径。道是自然的方式,表现为毫不费力的行动。道教往往用水的形象来说明这种毫不费力的行动。水总是下降到最低的水平,却可以冲刷甚至最坚硬的物质。

据道教,宇宙是和谐和秩序的体现。它是活跃的,而不是静态的。它的状态是变化和变异的,永远在变化和消失中,收缩和扩张。道指导着它作为一种秩序原则的功能。在道中,阴阳两个基本力量通过相互作用而运行。它们是可以将所有事物分类为两极相反的两种极性。因此,黑暗与光明、生与死、男性与女性、善与恶、强与弱都是阴阳的表现。

在中国,道教的各种派别在不同的时期出现。在顺帝在位期间,张陵(34-156年)建立了天师道,也称为五斗米道。东汉末年,农民起义领袖张角(?-184年)成立了另一个名为太平道的道教派别。到了西晋和东晋时期,五斗米道已成为一种主要宗教。南北朝时期,统治阶级试图改革道教,使其帮助他们控制农民。在北方,建立了北天师道,在南方,建立了南天师道。元朝时期(1206-1368年),南北两派合并为一个新派别,称为正一道。从那时起,这个派别和全真教(1167年创立)一直是道教的主要派别。正一道相信“以神呼神,以神避祸”。它的神职人员可以结婚,可以吃肉和喝酒,除了斋戒期间。全真教强调自我修养和长生不老,其神职人员必须舍弃家庭生活,斋戒素食,保持独身。然而,1949年后,全真教、正一道和其他道教派别逐渐合并为一个派别,特别是在1956年成立中国道教协会后。


术语和表达方式 Daoism n. 道教 Supreme God 太上老君 Be benevolent; be pure; do not act in advance of others. 一曰慈, 二曰俭, 三曰不敢为天下先。 Effortless action 无为而为 Zhang Ling 张陵 The Heavenly Teacher Sect 天师道 The Five Picules of Rice Sect 五斗米道 Zhang Jiao 张角 The True Unity Sect 正一道 The Complete Unity Sect 全真教 Fasting 斋戒 问题 1. 道教是中国唯一的本土主要宗教吗?它是何时出现的?它的基础是什么? 2. 你对老子及其《道德经》了解多少? 3. 根据老子,社会行为的三个基本原则是什么?它们分别代表什么? 4. 什么是道?在道教中,水象征着什么? 5. 在道教中,宇宙是什么样子的?道是如何运作的? 6. 你对道教派别了解多少?


Session 3 THU Mar 21, 11:30-13:00 s. 401 SIN I MGR

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姜睿 93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)

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93. 医学:中医

中国古代人民在与疾病的长期斗争中创造了丰富的宝库,中国传统医学与药理学在治疗技艺领域形成了一个独立的流派。它在两千多年的历史中取得了卓越的成就,并在此过程中不断完善,直到今天仍被广泛采用。

中国传统医学和药理学吸收了阴阳理论和五行理论。这两者都包含了中国古代朴素的辩证思想。前者认为,万物都有阴阳两面,阴阳之间的相互斗争和相互作用是宇宙万物不断产生和变化的根源。后者认为,宇宙万物都是由日常生活中不可或缺的五种元素组成的,它们不断运动变化,相互促进,相互制约。

中医的生理和病理分支侧重于内脏、经络、气血、运动和排泄。(中医的)诊断有一套完整的观测体系,其中患者疾病的性质由“四诊”确定——观察患者的整体面貌(望),听声音和闻气味(闻),询问问题(问)和感受患者的脉搏(切)。然后,治疗进入到平衡“八纲”这一步——即平衡阴阳、表里、寒热和虚实。中医还有其他治疗法,如针灸,这涉及对人体经络和穴位的研究。此外还有按摩和气功(呼吸练习)等治疗方法。

中国传统医学和药理学包含着许多被实践证明了的有价值的思想和观点。其中最重要的是,中医不是只治疗症状,而是考虑到患者病情的各个方面,根据阴阳和五行理论形成统一的概念,然后决定治疗方法。举例来说,对于可能需要动手术的疾病,中医关注的是可能导致病情的一般生理变化,除了手术或采用某种形式的治疗外,还试图提高患者抵抗疾病的能力。预防医学在传统中医学中一直受到重视,在现代医学中得到了很高的评价。其预防措施包括早期治疗、提高身体免疫力和“以毒攻毒”。

传统医家认识疾病、观察疾病、分析疾病、治疗疾病的经验主要通过医学文献传承下来。据不完全统计,现存此类文献约8000余篇,其中以临床医学文献居多。《黄帝内经》、《伤寒杂病论》和《神农本草经》是公元前3世纪以前的3部代表性医学著作。《黄帝内经》完成于战国时期(公元前475-221年),是现存最早的中国医学巨著。全书共18卷162章,对人体的生理机能、疾病的症状和诊疗原则作了比较科学的阐述,奠定了中医学的理论基础。另外两本书写于东汉(25-220)。《伤寒杂病论》主要论述了中医的辨证诊断方法、治疗方法和方剂,而《神农本草经》是现存最早的药理学著作,列出了365种药物,奠定了中国药理学的基础。

现在使用的中草药总共有5000多种。根据传统药理学,药物的性质是由其“四性”(寒,凉,温,热)和“五味”(辛,酸,甘,苦,咸)区分的。传统的中药可以制成丸剂、散剂、小粒、小丸、药酒、冲剂、糖浆、块剂和骨胶等形式。目前还可制成注射剂、片剂、可溶性制剂和喷雾剂。许多中药制药厂全国闻名,如北京的同仁堂、天津的大仁堂、杭州的胡庆余堂、苏州的雷允上堂和长沙的九芝堂。

虽然中医有自己的理论体系、治疗原则和治疗方法,但中国的医学工作者被要求从现代科学的角度研究传统中医的原理和方法,并结合西方医学,发展一种新的中医药学。这成就了中国的三大医学分支——中医、西医和中西医结合如今的共存和同步发展。

Terms and Expressions

Pharmacology n. 药理学

Pathological adj. 病理学的

Main channels 经

Collateral channels 络

Excretion n. 分泌

Discharge n. 排泄

Syndrome n. 症状(阴阳、表里、寒热、虚实)

Under-activity n. 体虚

Acupuncture n. 扎针

Moxibustion n. 灸术, 拔火罐

Massage n. 按摩

Therapy n. 治疗法

Immunity n. 免疫

Clinical medicine 临床医学

The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine 《黄帝内经》

On Typhoid and Other Diseases 《伤寒杂病论》

The Herbal Canon of Shen Nong 《神农本草经》

Prescription n. 药方

Property of drug 药性

Pellet n. 小丸

Tincture n. 药酒

Syrup n. 糖浆

Gelatin n. 骨胶

Solvent n. 溶剂

Spray n. 喷剂

Pharmaceutical works 制药厂


问题

1.中医的两大理论基础是什么?它们有什么含义?

2.中医是如何诊断的?什么是“四诊”?

3.中医是怎么进行治疗的?

4.中医还有哪些疗法?

5.中医是不是只治标不治本?中医是如何形成对疾病的统一认识的?

6.中国的预防医学包括哪些预防措施?

7.公元前3世纪以前中国最伟大的三部医学著作是什么?

8.中国现存最早的医学名著是什么?你对它的历史、内容和重要性了解多少?

9.你对另外两部杰作的历史和内容了解多少?

10.草药的特性是如何区分的?

11.中国的三大医学分支是什么?

李珣 18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:24_Solar_Terms_2024.pptx

Session 4 THU Mar 21, 13:15-14:45 s. 413 SIN I MGR

C3 Mar 28

104 黄文莉ppt Mythology: Gods and Immortals

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: File:Gods 2024.pdf

160 赵梦娇(PPT) Traditional Festivals

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Festivals_2024.pptx

These are the four topics. If you cannot get enough, here are additional texts and topics, you find them also in our textbook:

储守娟 57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Female_Emperor_2024.pptx

李嫣然 12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Shengjing_Palace_2024.pptx

Mar 28 - Apr 2: Easter Holiday in Poland

潘彤 63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Mogao_2024.pptx

牟一泓 30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Chinese_Characters_2024.pptx

李舒婧 82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Tang-Song_2024.pptx

宋成爽 76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Su_Shi_2024.pptx

罗嘉怡 77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Mountains_and_Seas_2024.pptx

Session 5 THU Apr 4, 11:30-13:00 s. 401 SIN I MGR

Today we will deal with only 4 (!) of the topics beneath, your teacher will inform you in advance which ones.

胡煜杰 71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Classical_Fairy_Tales_2024.pptx

罗杨 81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio

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陈卓 46. Fine Arts: Painting

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肖烨 67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Nanking_2024.pptx

169 温一宁ppt Cuisine: Luosifen

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Session 6 THU Apr 4, 13:15-14:45 s. 413 SIN I MGR

Apr 4-6 is Qingming holiday in China, the Chinese students make up for the missed classes on Sun (!) Apr 7 and 28.

C4 Apr 11, C5 Apr 18

Today we will deal with only 4 (!) of the topics beneath, your teacher will inform you in advance which ones.

李思瑾 21. Beverages: Tea

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Tea_2024.pptx

111 陈思思ppt Opera: Tea-picking Opera

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Tea-picking_Opera_2024.pptx

185 丁昕怡ppt Opera: Huangmei opera

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Huangmei_Opera_2024.pptx

190 梁诚知ppt Fine arts:Kunqu Opera

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177 周静怡(ppt) stage entertainment:Yuan drama

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Session 7 THU Apr 25, 11:30-13:00 s. 401 SIN I MGR

Today we will deal with only 4 (!) of the topics beneath, your teacher will inform you in advance which ones.

139 陈倩ppt Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声

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173 金川玉ppt Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社

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谭雅兰 20. Beverages: Milk Tea

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裴心弦 7. Animals: Panda

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杨子璇 51. Games: Kite Flying

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Session 8 THU Apr 25, 13:15-14:45 s. 413 SIN I MGR

May 1-3 are Workers' and Constitution holidays in Poland. (May 8 is sports holiday.)

May 1-5 is an extended May 1st holiday in China, the Chinese students make up for missed classes on Sat May 11.

Today we will deal with only 4 (!) of the topics beneath, your teacher will inform you in advance which ones.

雷慧婷 4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan

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178 徐硕珮(ppt) Music and instruments: Erhu

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187 周莉ppt Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance

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168 肖娄君(PPT) Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit

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134 陈健 Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road

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Session 9 THU May 9, 11:30-13:00 s. 401 SIN I MGR

Today we will deal with only 4 (!) of the topics beneath, your teacher will inform you in advance which ones.

136 罗彬 Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages

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167 王晨(PPT) History: Wang Shouren

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145 石慕予 Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery)

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147 赵欣雨ppt Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting

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176 刘欣雨ppt Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Umbrella_2024.pptx

Session 10 THU May 9, 13:15-14:45 s. 413 SIN I MGR

C6 May 16, C7 May 23, C8 May 30, C9 Jun 6

May 30-31 holiday Corpus Christi in Poland.

June 8-10 is Duanwu holiday in China.

Today we will deal with only 4 (!) of the topics beneath, your teacher will inform you in advance which ones.

148 陈昕舟ppt Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots

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喻鑫众 69. Language: Chinese Dialects

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向璐 99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes

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陈佳雯 33. Clothing: Cheongsam

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林如茵 23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing

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Session 11 THU Jun 13, 11:30-13:00 s. 401 SIN I MGR

Today we will deal with only 4 (!) of the topics beneath, your teacher will inform you in advance which ones.

罗淑珍 88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia

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龙雨涵 92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi)

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Session 12 THU Jun 13, 13:15-14:45 s. 413 SIN I MGR

Today we will deal with only 4 (!) of the topics beneath, your teacher will inform you in advance which ones.

154 李静怡 Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines

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155 廖巧然 Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan

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157 黄薪诺 Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot

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Session 13 MON Jun 17, 11:30-13:00 s. 401 SIN I MGR

Today we will deal with only 4 (!) of the topics beneath, your teacher will inform you in advance which ones.

卢逸萱 45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera

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段思雅 44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Traditional_Make-up_2024.pptx

Session 14 MON Jun 17, 13:15-14:45 s. 413 SIN I MGR

Today we will deal with only 4 (!) of the topics beneath, your teacher will inform you in advance which ones.

Mon Jun 17 (Thursday classes), Tue Jun 18 (Friday classes) in Poland.

179 师瑶ppt Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Marriage_Views_2024.pptx

126 刘春秀ppt Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions

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138 刘晓宇ppt Social: Round Table Culture

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Session 15 THU Jun 24, 11:30-13:00 s. 401 SIN I MGR

Today we will deal with only 4 (!) of the topics beneath, your teacher will inform you in advance which ones.

192 易祺芳ppt National Belief: the Chinese Dream

If there is a power point presentation on this platform, one can download it here: Media:Chinese_Dream_2024.pptx

谢香琳 40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System

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Final Exam THU Jun 24, 13:15-14:45 s. 413 SIN I MGR

Exam session: Jun 24-Jul 7. Retake session Sep 1-15.

Jul 20-22 Chinese Studies Conference.