Difference between revisions of "Chinese Languages and Cultures"

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Quicklinks: [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ]  [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual]
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Welcome to our course website '''Chinese Languages and Cultures'''. Whenever you visit this site, please see if there is anything in English not yet translated into Chinese and make a Chinese translation beneath (one paragraph English, one paragraph Chinese). Any correction or improvement of earlier translations is welcome!
 
Welcome to our course website '''Chinese Languages and Cultures'''. Whenever you visit this site, please see if there is anything in English not yet translated into Chinese and make a Chinese translation beneath (one paragraph English, one paragraph Chinese). Any correction or improvement of earlier translations is welcome!
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欢迎访问我们'''中国语言文化课'''网页。…………--[[User:Root|Root]] ([[User talk:Root|talk]]) 07:43, 28 September 2020 (UTC)
  
 
=Organizational Things=
 
=Organizational Things=
 
*Please register for the Course Wiki.
 
*Please register for the Course Wiki.
 
*Please prepare each session during the week before, so that you come prepared to class.
 
*Please prepare each session during the week before, so that you come prepared to class.
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=Homework=
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==Description of Homework==
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==Regular students==
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===Regular students===
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要网上找随便的中文句子，翻译成英文。每一次上课有一个Unit。Unit里面一般有3到5个题目（A、B、C……）。每一种题目要读文章、回答问题、然后在网上找跟这个题目有关的一个中文句子，考培到wiki上，并写上去翻译和签字。然后还要修改同学的翻译，也要签字。
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1. Please read and prepare all the texts for the next textbook unit.
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==Website Admin student==
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2. Please find a Chinese sentence in the internet about each of the 3-4 topics we deal with in each session (see textbook content page or on this webpage here "schedule"). Copy these sentences on our homework webpage and write translations into English (for international students: find an English sentence and translate into Chinese). Do not forget to sign by typing - - ~ ~ ~ ~ (without spaces) at the end.
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Then please help your fellow students to correct and improve their translations. Do not forget to sign by typing - - ~ ~ ~ ~ (without spaces) at the end.
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3. Once in the semester, you give a presentation on a topic of the textbook. Please do not just repeat the content, but say something from the perspective of a translator: What problems do you encounter when translating the textbook text or when translating texts of this topic. One student can do a presentation, the other can do a handout. Both contributions are graded separately.
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===Website Admin student===
 
Thank you for helping to watch the Wiki website! Please make sure that it looks nice (formatting, especially if a fellow students makes a mess by putting the wrong format etc., should not look to crowded, so make sub-websites for homework etc.).  
 
Thank you for helping to watch the Wiki website! Please make sure that it looks nice (formatting, especially if a fellow students makes a mess by putting the wrong format etc., should not look to crowded, so make sub-websites for homework etc.).  
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==Online Survey students==
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===Online Survey students===
 
There will be several online surveys conducted throughout the semester. Please watch your WeChat Subgroup for the first tasks.
 
There will be several online surveys conducted throughout the semester. Please watch your WeChat Subgroup for the first tasks.
  
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=Edits=
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==Edits==
 
Every student is required to edit something every week. This can be:
 
Every student is required to edit something every week. This can be:
 
* Translate a pragraph from English to Chinese.
 
* Translate a pragraph from English to Chinese.
Line 18: Line 29:
 
* Prepare an article (please link to from this page) and/or a powerpoint (please upload here) on a topic you will present during the semester.
 
* Prepare an article (please link to from this page) and/or a powerpoint (please upload here) on a topic you will present during the semester.
  
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=Material=
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==Material==
 
Please download the course textbook from the WeChat Group.
 
Please download the course textbook from the WeChat Group.
  
 
=Schedule=
 
=Schedule=
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==1st Session==
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1st Session: Organizational things
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Introduction to the course. Organizational things. Working with the Wiki.
 
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====Students' Homework of session 1 in preparation for session 2====
 
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=====Cao Runxin 曹润鑫=====
 
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1.我国南方地区和北方地区在地形、气候上有显著差异，受自然环境影响，生活在北方地区和南方地区的人们在生产方式、生活习惯和传统文化上有很大差异。
 
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There are significant differences in landform and climate between southern and northern regions of China. Influenced by the natural environment, people in the southern and northern regions have great differences in production methods,living habits and cultural traditions.
 
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2.中秋节以月圆兆人之团圆，寄托了对于亲人和故乡的思念之情。
 
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The Mid-Autumn Festival uses full moon to symbolize the reunion of people, and entrusts the longing for relatives and hometown.
 
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3.春秋战国时期农业进入了新的发展阶段，铁农具广泛使用。
 
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The development of agriculture in the Spring and Autumn Period came into a new stage, iron farm tools were widely used.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 06:19, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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3. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the development of agriculture came to a new stage, with iron farm tools widely used.--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:49, 27 September 2020 (UTC)Chen Han
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2nd session: Unit 1 General Survey A. 1 Geography  SAGARA SEYDOU; B. 2 Traditional Festivals: The Spring Festival, The Lantern Festival, The Dragon Boat Festival, The Mid-autumn Festival  汤伊然，杨子泠（The Dragon Boat Festival）; C. 3 Ancient Science and Technology 曾心媛 陈涵
  
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2. The full moon in Mid–Autumn Festival symbolizes reunion and stands for people's nostalgia towards family and hometown.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 03:06, 28 September 2020 (UTC)石海瑶
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3rd session: Unit 2 Language and Calligraphy A. 4 Chinese characters and scripts 蒋凤仪 顾东方, B. 5 Calligraphy 徐佳 肖婷, C. 6 The Evolution of Calligraphy 肖双玲 王轩
  
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=====Chen Han 陈涵=====
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4th session: Unit 3 Traditional Crafts A. 7 Embroidery 瞿淼、娄灿灿, B. 8 Cloisonne, C. 9 Lacquerware Lô Minh Thảo- 卢明草, D. 10 Carving
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a.浏阳地处湘赣边界，古为“吴楚咽喉”，是省会长沙副中心和湘赣区域性中心城市。
 
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Located on the border between Hunan Province and Jiangxi Province, Liuyang is the deputy center of Changsha, the capital of Hunan, and a regional central city of Hunan and Jiangxi. It was known as the heartland of the Wu and the Chu (states in the Zhou Dynasty) in ancient times.--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 13:53, 25 September 2020 (UTC)Chen Han
 
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Liuyang, situated on the border between Xiang, a shortened form of Hunan Province, and Gan, which stands for Jiangxi Province, is a vital place of the States of Wu and Chu in ancient times, as well as a deputy center of capital of Hunan Province, Changsha, and a regional central city in Hunan and Jiangxi.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 12:12, 26 September 2020 (UTC)Zeng Xinyuan
 
  
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b.农历九月九日是传统的重阳节，《易经》中把“六”定为阴数，把“九”定为阳数，九月九日，两九相重，故而叫重阳。
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5th session: Unit 4 Tea, Silk and Ceramics A. 11 Tea 祝美梅，周园曲, B. 12 Silk 吴琼 张银柳, C. 13 Porcelain Zubareva Ekaterina, ANNA GROSHEVA, D. 14 Celadon 高明珠 陈静静
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The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is the traditional Chongyang Festival, or Double Ninth Festival. In ''The Book of Changes'', number “6” was regarded as Yin character, meaning feminine or negative, while number “9” was thought to be Yang character, meaning masculine or positive. Thus, the number "9" in both day and month create the Double Ninth Festival, or Chongyang Festival.--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 13:53, 25 September 2020 (UTC)Chen Han
 
  
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September 9th of the lunar Calendar falls on the Double Ninth Festival. In ''The Book of Changes'', number “6” is defined as Yin (feminine or negative), while “9” Yang (masculine or positive), hence the ninth day of the nine lunar month, with two Yang numbers, is also known as the Chongyang Festival.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 05:39, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
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Unit 5 Traditional Cuisine  15 Distinct Regional Cuisines  罗雨晴 石海瑶, 16 The Art of Chinese Cooking 邹鑫雨 曹润鑫 SAFFANA , HA THI THU HANG, C. 17 Two Famous Dishes  袁天翼 张维虹, D. 18 Chopsticks 蒋淇玮 胡瑾
  
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c.根据汉代许慎《说文解字》中有关纸的解释，在蔡伦之前古代文献中所提到的纸，都是丝质纤维所造的，实际上不是纸，只是漂丝的副产品。
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Unit 6 Fine Arts A. 19 Painting  朱旭,莫玲 B. 20 Seal-cutting 赵茜 张瑜， C. 21 Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 吴子佳 雷旷溪
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According to the explanation of paper in Xu Shen’s ''Shuowen Jiezi'', or ''Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters'' in the Han Dynasty, the paper mentioned in some age-old documents before Cai Lun’s time was made of silk-fiber. In effect, that was not paper but a by-product of rinsing silk.--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 13:53, 25 September 2020 (UTC)Chen Han
 
  
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According to ''Shuowen Jiezi'' by Xu Shen in the Han Dynasty, the “paper” referred in documents prior to Cai Lun’s time was actually made of silk-fiber, a by-product of rinsing silk, not the real paper.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 07:09, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
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Unit 7 Architecture and Gardens A. 22 Architecture 张毓婕，张佩闻, B. 23 Gardens 张宇星  解帆, C. 24 The Summer Palace 刘艺 谭媛媛
  
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Classroom presentation--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 02:27, 28 September 2020 (UTC)[[Media:Paper-making_technology_by_Chen_Han_S.pptx|Chen Han's presentation on Paper-making technology]]
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Unit 8 Literature A. 25 Classical Literature 游雨婷，许静, B. 26 Modern Literature 张玲 杨海容, C. 27 Contemporary Literature 义子楚 杨悦, D. 28 Selected Tang Poems 管钦清 雷方  Ngo Thi Minh Huong (吴氏明红)
  
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=====Chen Jingjing 陈静静=====
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Unit 9 Peking Opera and Acrobatics A. 29 Peking Opera 甘奉玉 丁代凤, B. 30 Mei Lanfang 曾良 陈永相, C. 31 Acrobatics
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1.从空中俯瞰中国大地，地势就像阶梯一样，自西向东，逐渐下降。
 
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Overlooked from the air,the terrain of China,like a ladder,descend gradually from west to east.
 
  
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2.中华民族的古老传统节日，蕴含了原始信仰，祭祀文化，天文历法等人文与自然内容，蕴含着深厚丰富的文化内涵。
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Unit 10 Wushu and Qigong A. 32 Wushu 赵晓燕 张慧, B. 33 Qigong Rajabov Anushervon, C. 34 Huo Yuanjia 周艺文 欧阳玲
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Chinese traditional festivals cover the content of humanity and nature,including primitive belief,sacrificial culture and astronomical calendar, bearing profound and rich cultural connotation.
 
  
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3.中国古代的科学技术在形成了自己的独特风格和体系之后，到唐宋时期达到了高峰，成为科技史上更加光辉灿烂的一章。
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Unit 11 Traditional Medicine A. 35 Chinese Medicine  B. 36 Diagnosis and Pharmacology, C. 37 Acupuncture and Moxibustion 吴一露 司㚥, D. 38 The Development of Chinese Medicine 王美玲 汤蓓
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Chinese ancient science and technology, having formed its own particular style and system,peaked in the Tang and Song period,thus opening a more splendid chapter in science and technology.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 12:55, 25 September 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing
 
  
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Unit 12 Major Religions A. 39 Buddhism 康浩宇  刘欧 Phyo Su Kyi, B. 40 Daoism 桂一枝 阳慧, C. 41 Islam 刘柳 刘怡瑜, D. 42 Christianity 彭锐宏
  
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1. China’s terrain descended from west to east like a ladder from a bird’s eye view.
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Unit 13 Classical Philosophy A. 43 Confucius and Confucianism 罗维嘉 李丽丽, B. 44 Daoism 余妮 杨晨婷
  
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2. Chinese traditional festivals indicate people’s original belief, sacrificial culture and astronomical calendar, bearing rich cultural connotation.
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Unit 14 China and the outside world A. 45 Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 李丽琴 郭露, B. 46 Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 胡百辉 何长崎, C. 47 The Eastward Spread of Western Learning, D. 48 The Westernization Movement
  
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3. Chinese ancient science and technology, having formed its own style, reached its peak in the Tang and Song dynasties, which marked a milestone in history.
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Unit 15 Selected Readings in Classical Philosophy A. 49 Tao Te Ching Gennadii Dashkin, B. 50 The Analects GUIROU BARTHELEMY, PINGKI TANCHANGYA, C. 51 The Sutra of Hui-neng, D. 52 The Importance of Living
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--[[User:Guo Lu|Guo Lu]] ([[User talk:Guo Lu|talk]]) 02:29, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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1. Overlook from the above, the terrain is like ladders, descends from west to east.
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New topics suggested by students: ...
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2. Traditional festivals of Chinese nation contain humanism and nature, such as original believes, sacrificial culture and astronomy calendar, showing rich and profound culture connotation.  
 
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3. After Chinese ancient technology and science has formed its unique style and system, it peaked in Tang and Song Dynasty, a splendid chapter in science history. --[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 09:20, 26 September 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting
 
  
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1.Overlooked from the air, the terrain of China, like terraces, descended gradually from west to east.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 12:35, 26 September 2020 (UTC)Zeng Xinyuan
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==1st Session==
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Introduction to the course. Organizational things. Working with the Wiki.
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====Students' Homework of session 1 in preparation for session 2====
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===Homework of Session 1 (Sep 21, 2020), due for Session 2 (Sep 28, 2020)===
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1. Every student should find a sentence for each text of unit 2 (A. Geography, B. Traditional Festivals, C. Ancient Science) in English and translate it into Chinese. You can <span style="color:red">'''write it [[20200921_cult|here]]'''</span>.
  
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2. Chinese traditional festivals, covering humanity and nature including primitive beliefs, sacrifice and astronomical calendar, boast profound and rich cultural connotation.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 07:26, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
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2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.
  
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=====Chen Yongxiang 陈永相=====
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==2nd Session: Unit 1==
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1. 北京，作为中华文化独具代表性的城市，古老、厚重、热闹又喧嚣。而在他西南一隅的王佐镇，一片仿佛被时光慢放了的土地，尽是悠然与祥和。
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===Text A Geography===
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Beijing, as a representative city of Chinese culture, is ancient, profound and lively. Wangzuo Town, situated in southwest Beijing, is a land developing in slow motion, leisurely and peaceful.
 
  
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Beijing, as a city which particularly represents Chinese culture, is ancient, profound, lively and boisterous. However, Wangzuo Town, southwest of Beijing, is like a stretch of land whose time has been slowed down, full of leisure and peace.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 01:37, 28 September 2020 (UTC)
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Classroom presentation [[Media:China_Geography_by_Seydou_Sagara_.ppt|Seydou Sagara's presentation on China-Geography  ]]--[[User:Sagara Seydou 3|Sagara Seydou 3]] ([[User talk:Sagara Seydou 3|talk]]) 05:07, 6 October 2020 (UTC)
  
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2. 农历正月十五是中国的元宵节，人们习惯在门外悬挂大红灯笼，孩子们提着彩灯玩，大人们则上街观赏各式各样的灯笼。
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===Text B Traditional Festivals===
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The 15th day of the first lunar month is the Lantern Festival in China. It is the custom to hang real lanterns on the door. Children play with colored lanterns, and people go to squares and streets to view and admire decorative lanterns.
 
  
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3. 由于生产劳动，人们发现了磁力，通过实验和多方面研究，发明了指南针。
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Classroom presentation [[Media:Dragon_Boat_Festiva_by_Yang Zilin and Tang Yiran_S.pptx|Yang Zilin and Tang Yiran's presentation on Dragon Boat Festival]]--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 15:13, 7 October 2020 (UTC)
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Ancient ancestors found the magnetic force when working, and through experiment and studies, they invented the compass.
 
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--[[User:Chen Yongxiang|Chen Yongxiang]] ([[User talk:Chen Yongxiang|talk]]) 13:34, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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The 15th day of the first lunar month is the Lantern Festival in China. It is the custom to hang red lanterns on the door. Children play with colored lanterns, and people go to squares and streets to view and admire decorative lanterns.--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 22:40, 26 September 2020 (UTC)Chen Han
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Handout [[Media:The Dragon Boat Festival by Tang Yiran and Yang Ziling.docx|Dragon Boat Festival]] --[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 02:26, 5 October 2020 (UTC)
  
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=====Ding Daifeng 丁代凤=====
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===Text C Traditional Science===
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小河宛如蓝色的缎带缠绕着一望无际的绿色田野。
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Classroom presentation [[Media:Paper-making_technology_by_Chen Han_S.pptx|Chen Han's presentation on Paper-making technology]] --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 05:40, 28 September 2020 (UTC)
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The creek twines the vast green field just like a blue color satin ribbon.
 
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The rivulet winds through the vast and green field just like a blue ribbon.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 02:56, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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燃放烟花也曾一度是春节的传统习俗。
 
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Burning fireworks was once the most typical custom on the Spring Festival.
 
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Setting off fireworks was once a traditional custom on Spring Festival.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 12:52, 26 September 2020 (UTC)Zeng Xinyuan
 
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Fireworks was once a traditional custom on Spring Festival ever.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 02:56, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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公元132年，张衡发明了古代的地动仪，以辨别地震的方向。地动仪由纯铜制成，看起来像个带盖的大杯子。
 
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In 132 A.D., Zhang Heng made the ancient seismograph to identify the direction of an earthquake. It was made of fine copper, and looked like a big cup with a lid.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 15:03, 24 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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In 132 A.D, Zhang Heng invented the ancient semismograph for direction of an earthquake.It was out of fine copper and looked like a big cap with a lid.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 02:56, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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小河宛如蓝色的缎带缠绕着一望无际的绿色田野。
 
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The creek intertwines the vast green field just like a blue ribbon.
 
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燃放烟花也曾一度是春节的传统习俗。
 
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Burning fireworks was once the most traditional custom on the Spring Festival.
 
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公元132年，张衡发明了古代的地动仪，以辨别地震的方向。地动仪由纯铜制成，看起来像个带盖的大杯子。
 
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In 132 A.D., Zhang Heng invented the ancient seismograph to identify the direction of the earthquake. It was made of fine copper, and looked like a big cup with a lid.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 02:34, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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小河宛如蓝色的缎带缠绕着一望无际的绿色田野。
 
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The brook, like a blue ribbon, winds through the boundless green field.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 02:26, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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=====Gan Fengyu 甘奉玉=====
 
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1:高安采茶戏在新中国成立以来得到了飞速的发展,其规模和剧团产出都是前所未有的,但是随着经济的高速发展,高安采茶戏逐渐失去了原有的庞大市场,逐渐转入低潮。
 
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After the founding of New China, Gao'an's caicha opera had a rapid growth including its unprecedented scales and troupes. However, with the extrordinary development of economy,it comed to lose its original market and turned to recession.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 06:25, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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Since the establishment of People’s Republic of China, Groan Tea-leaf Picking Opera has developed rapidly with unprecedented scale and troupe output; however, with high-speed development of economy, it gradually lost its original huge market and fell into a low ebb.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 01:43, 28 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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2:一种文化能够传承千百年毕竟有它的独到之处。生活在忙碌的都市，跻身于浮泛的人海，又有多少时候能像今天这样宁静地与先人、与自己的心灵对话？
 
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A culture, which has passed down for thousands of years, is definitely unique. We all live in a busy world and submerge in the crowd. But how many times can we communicate with our ancestors,and our soul in a peaceful way as we do in this day?--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 06:25, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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3:造纸术作为中国四大发明之一，在古代中国文化传播甚至世界文化传播过程中占据了独一无二的位置。
 
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As one of The Four Great Inventions of Ancient China, the papermaking technology has a unique position in disseminating Chinese cuilture and even the world culture at that time.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 06:25, 25 September 2020 (UTC)--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 07:57, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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3:造纸术作为中国四大发明之一，在古代中国文化传播甚至世界文化传播过程中占据了独一无二的位置。
 
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As one of The Four Great Inventions, papermaking occupies a dominant position in disseminating Chinese culture and even the world culture at that time.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 14:03, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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1. 高安采茶戏在新中国成立以来得到了飞速的发展,其规模和剧团产出都是前所未有的,但是随着经济的高速发展,高安采茶戏逐渐失去了原有的庞大市场,逐渐转入低潮。
 
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After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Gao'an's caicha opera has gained a rapid growth including its unprecedented scales and outputs of troupes. With the rapid development of economy,however, it came to lose its original vast market and turned to recession.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 09:34, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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=====Gao Mingzhu 高明珠=====
 
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中国地震多发的主要原因是————位于亚欧板块、太平洋板块、印度洋板块三大板块交界地带附近，位于世界两大地震带交会处。
 
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China locates near the border of Eurasian plate—Pacific plate—Indian Ocean plate and at the junction of the two major world seismic zones, which is the main reason of frequent earthquakes in China.
 
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腊八节是十二月初八，古代称为“腊日”，腊八是古代欢庆丰收，感谢祖先和神灵的祭祀仪式，夏代称腊日为“嘉平”，商代为“清祀”，周代为“大蜡”，又因在十二月举行，故称改月为腊月。
 
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Laba Festival is on the 8th day of the 12th lunar month, which was called "Lari"(ri means day) in ancient times.  Laba was originally a sacrificial ceremony to celebrate a good harvest of the year and appreciate our ancients as well as the gods. Lari was called "Jiaping"(it refers to the 12th lunar month) in Xia dynasty(2070-1600BC), "Qingsi"(it refers to the 12th lunar month) in Shang dynasty(1600-1046BC), and "Dala"(it refers to a famous sacrificial ceremony) in Zhou dynasty(1046-256BC).  As Laba Festival is hold in the 12th lunar month, the month is also called "Layue"(yue means month).
 
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在计算工具方面，殷商时就发明了“算筹”，算筹是圆形小竹棍，以后有了骨制、铁制的，以算筹表示数目，有纵、横两种形式，如“2”可表示为“=”或“||”。
 
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As for calculation tools, dating back to the Yin and Shang periods(1766-1122BC), Chinese ancients invented "Suanchou", which were small round bamboo sticks and transformed into bone sticks and iron sticks afterwards.  It was used to count numbers with two representing forms—— being horizontal or vertical. For example, two could be represented as "=" or "||".--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 12:29, 25 September 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu
 
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=====Gu Dongfang 顾东方=====
 
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湖南是中国革命的摇篮。从这片红色的土地，走出了新中国的主要缔造者毛泽东同志，以及3位开国元帅、6位开国大将等一大批为国为民的革命家。
 
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Hunan gives birth to China's revolution. It was home to Mao Zedong ,the main founder of new China, and many revolotionaries who dedicated themselves to the nation ,including three founding marshals and six founding generals the People's Republic.
 
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Hunan is the cradle of Chinese revolution. This revolutionary place is home to a large number of revolutionists who dedicated themselves to the nation and the well-being of people, such as the main founder of New China, Mao Zedong, three founding marshals and six founding generals of the People’s Republic.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 07:48, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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Hunan gives birth to Chinese revolution. It was home to Mao Zedong ,the main founder of the People's Republic, and many revolotionaries who dedicated themselves to the nation ,including three founding marshals and six founding generals.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 08:37, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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元宵节那天，人们在家中或者街道上挂满花灯。花灯琳琅满目，多种多样，上面画着飞鸟、鲤鱼、烟花等，处处洋溢着欢乐的氛围。
 
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People hang lanterns everywhere on Lantern Festival ,in their houses and their streets. The lanterns feature various characters, like flying birds ,leaping fishes ,and shining fireworks, showing an atomosphere of joy.
 
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On the Lantern Festival, people hang lanterns in the house or streets. A variety of lanterns feature differently, such as flying birds, leaping fishes, and shining fireworks, showing an atmosphere of joy.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 07:48, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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People hang lanterns everywhere on Lantern Festival ,both at their home and on the streets. The lanterns feature various characters, like flying birds ,leaping fishes ,and shining fireworks, showing an atomosphere of joy. --[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 08:37, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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很久很久以前，古人们通过“观天象”推测明日的风云变化，于是有了，“天上钩钩云，地上雨淋淋”这样的谚语
 
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In olden times,the ancients gauged the weather by staing the sky. So saying like "circus in the sky ,rain on the earth"were widely spread by the word of mouth.
 
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Once upon a time, the ancients gauged tomorrow weather by observing the sky, so there are such a saying as “circus in the sky, rain on the earth”.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 07:48, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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In olden times,the ancients judged the weather from the sky. So saying like "clouds in the sky ,rain on the earth"were widely spread.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 08:37, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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=====Guan Qinqing 管钦清=====
 
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1.重庆，地处中国内陆之西南，属中亚热带季风气候，夏日阳光炽烈，故称“火炉”，城市依山而建，人谓“山城”，冬春云清雾重，又号“雾都”。
 
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Chongqing is located in the southwest inland of China with a subtropical monsoon climate.It is hot in summer with harsh sun,so it is called “Furnace City”;Chongqing also got the name of “Mountain City” because it is built along hillsides;in the winter and spring,it is cloudy and foggy, hence people call it “The Fog City”.
 
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2.在春节期间，汉族和一些少数民族都要举行各种活动以示庆祝。这些活动均以祭祀祖神、祭奠祖先、除旧布新、迎禧接福、祈求丰年为主要内容。
 
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During Spring Festival,both the Han and some ethnic groups will hold various activities to celebrate the occasion:offering sacrifice to gods or ancestors,ending the old things for the new and praying for a good harvest.
 
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3.科技是人类进步的动力源泉。古老的中国，曾在世界科技史上占有重要地位。今天的中国人民，不仅与全世界共享科技文明的成果，也在各个领域推动科技的进步.
 
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Science and technology serves as a driving force for people to make progress.Ancient China once took a significant position in the history of world scientific and technological development.Nowadays,Chinese people are not only sharing the common fruits of civilization with other nations,but also they are speeding up scientific progress in a wide range of fields.--[[User:Guan Qinqing|Guan Qinqing]] ([[User talk:Guan Qinqing|talk]]) 14:48, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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1.Located in the southwest of China inland, Chongqing, with a subtropical monsoon climate, got the name of "Furnace City" because of its harsh sunlight in the summer. Built agains the mountain hills, It is also called "the Mountain City". With the heavy fog in the spring and winter, "the Fog City" is its third name.
 
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2. During the Spring Festival, both the Han people and the ethnic minorities will hold various activities to celebrate, among which offering sacrifice  to gods and ancestors, clearing the house and ushering in the blessing, and praying for the harvest for the next year are the main contents.
 
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3. Science and technology serves as the driving force for progress. China, in ancient times, once took a significant position in the history of science and technology, nowadays has not only enjoyed the fruit of the achievements of science and technology  civilization together with the world but also promoted the development of science and technology in various fields.
 
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--[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 10:09, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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=====Gui Yizhi 桂一枝=====
 
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A：北有长城的庇护，南得长江黄河的滋润灌溉，中国东部的心脏地带成为了五千年中华文明繁荣发展的核心。
 
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Protected by the Great Wall in the north, and fed by the Yellow and Yangtze rivers in south, China's eastern heartland is the centre of a flourishing chinese civilisation which spans more than 5,000 years.
 
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B:清明过后，气温逐渐上升，雨水也增多，表明了这是农民开始安排农耕活动的关键时期。
 
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After Qingming time, the temperature begins to rise up and rainfall increases, indicating that it is the crucial time for the farmers to arrange their farming activities accordingly.
 
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C：传说火药是炼金术士在炼制长生不老丹药的过程中偶然发明的。然而很讽刺的是，这一发明不仅不能让人长生不老，却能轻易地取人性命。
 
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Legend has it that gunpowder was accidentally discovered by alchemists looking for a concoction that would create immortality in humans. Ironically, what these ancient chemists stumbled upon was an invention that could easily take human life.--[[User:Gui Yizhi|Gui Yizhi]] ([[User talk:Gui Yizhi|talk]]) 06:26, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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A:Defended by the Great Wall in its north and irrigated by Yangtz River and Yellow River in its south, the heartland of eastern China becomes the core of the prosperity of five-thousand-year Chinese civilization.
 
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B:The temperature gradually rises up and rainfall increases after Qingming. It's a sigh of the vital moment that farmers begin to arrange farming activities.
 
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C:Rumour has it that gunpowder was accidentally discovered by alchemists amidst their refining elixir of immortality. But it's ironic that this discovery is incapable of immortality and instead can kill people easily.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 05:18, 28 September 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu
 
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=====Guo Lu 郭露=====
 
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A.中国海陆位置优越，多天然良港，交通便利，是世界航空船舶的重要枢纽之一。
 
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With advantageous geographical location and convenient transportation, China boasts quality natural ports and is one of the major hub for global aviation and shipping.
 
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Thanks to its advantageous geographical and convenient transportation, China boasts quality ports and is one of the major hubs for global aviation and shipping.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 00:24, 28 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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B.庆祝中秋节的活动可以追溯到二千多年以前。
 
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Mid-Autumn Festival celebration can be traced back to more than 2000 years ago.
 
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The celebration of the Mid-Autumn Festival dates back more than 2000 years.--[[User:Hu Baihui|Hu Baihui]] ([[User talk:Hu Baihui|talk]]) 09:01, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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The celebration of the Mid-Autumn Festival can be traced back to more than 2000 years ago.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 00:24, 28 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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C.《金刚经》是世界上现存最早的有明确时间记载的印刷品。
 
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''The Diamond Sutra'' is the world’s earliest printed book on record.--[[User:Guo Lu|Guo Lu]] ([[User talk:Guo Lu|talk]]) 02:08, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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=====He Changqi 何长琦=====
 
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桂林是中国最美丽的城市，整个桂林城就在青山绿水的环抱之中，清澈的漓江静静地从桂林穿过，江水倒映出两岸秀丽的山峰。
 
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Guilin, the most beautiful city in China, is surrounded by green mountains and lucid water. The Li river, running serenely through the entire city, reflects the graceful peaks along the banks.
 
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Guilin, the most beautiful city in China, is hugged by lush mountains and lucid water，where the graceful peaks along the banks stand out in silhouette against the Li river, which running serenely through the entire city. --[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 08:07, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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在时间和生命意识上，在辞旧迎新、驱除邪崇的同时，春节表达人们对于新年的祝福和对未来生活的美好期待，受中华文化的影响，中国周边一些国家和民族也有庆祝春节的习俗。
 
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In terms of time and life,besides representing the end of the past and beginning of the new and the dispelling of the ominous things,Spring Festival reflects the best wishes for the coming year and a sincere hope for the future. Affected by Chinese culture,some of the neighbour countries adopted the convention of celebrating Spring Festival as well.
 
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火药的诞生很偶然，一个炼丹术师炼丹药时发明了火药。唐朝末年，火药用于打仗。12世纪，火药传播到阿拉伯国家，之后是欧洲国家，最后传播到了全世界。
 
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Gunpowder was invented accidentally by an alchemist when he attempted to transform the mineral substance into magical medicines. In the late Tang Dynasty,gunpowder was widely applied in military.In the 12th century,it was introduced to the Arab countries,then spread to Europe and finally known by the whole world--[[User:He Changqi|He Changqi]] ([[User talk:He Changqi|talk]]) 06:20, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 08:07, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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=====Hu Baihui 胡百辉=====
 
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1.中秋赏月的风俗在唐代的长安一带极盛，许多诗人的名篇中都有咏月的诗句。
 
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The custom of appreciating the moon in the Mid-Autumn festival was very popular in Chang'an of Tang Dynasty and there were many famous poets chanting the moon in their poems.
 
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The custom of appreciating the moon in the Mid-Autumn festival was very popular in Chang'an,the capital of Tang Dynasty .Therefore, many famous poets had chanted the moon in their poems.--[[User:He Changqi|He Changqi]] ([[User talk:He Changqi|talk]]) 09:27, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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2.在人类历史上，封建社会科学文化的最高成就是由中国创造的。
 
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In human history, the highest achievements of science and culture in federal society was created by China.
 
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In human history, it was China that had created the highest level of achievements on science and culture in federal society.--[[User:He Changqi|He Changqi]] ([[User talk:He Changqi|talk]]) 09:27, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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3.总之，中国古代科技对世界造成的重大影响，为世界科学技术做出了重大贡献。
 
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In a word, ancient Chinese science and technology had a great impact on the world and made great contributions to the world's science and technology.--[[User:Hu Baihui|Hu Baihui]] ([[User talk:Hu Baihui|talk]]) 02:31, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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In a word, ancient Chinese science and technology had exerted a great impact on the world ,especially on science and technology.--[[User:He Changqi|He Changqi]] ([[User talk:He Changqi|talk]]) 09:27, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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=====Hu Jin 胡瑾=====
 
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1.在中国传统中，祭灶节这天，是掌管全家命运的神仙灶神将向玉皇大帝汇报这一家人的情况。
 
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According to Chinese tradition, Kitchen God who in charge of the fate of the whole family goes back to heaven during the spring festival to deliver what the family had done last year to the Great God.
 
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2.江西素有“物华天宝，人杰地灵”的美誉，是中国革命的红色摇篮，也是人文福地，山川秀美，文化底蕴深厚。
 
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Jiangxi has long been touted as land of plenty and home to numerous great men. This southern province is known as the revolutionary base in China, but it also boasts cultural richness and natural beauty.
 
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3.这个覆盖印度超过80%地区的4G网络于周一正式开通，同时慷慨附送试用套餐。
 
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The 4G network, which reaches more than 80% of  the county, officially went live on Monday with a set of generous introductory offers.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 13:29, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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=====Jiang Fengyi 蒋凤仪=====
 
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中国位于亚洲东部、太平洋的西岸，陆地总面积约960万平方千米，仅次于俄罗斯、加拿大，居世界第3位。
 
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Situated in the eastern of Asia and on the western coast of Pacific Ocean, China stretches a land area of about 9,600,000 square kilometers, second to Russia and Canada, ranking the third in the world.
 
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Located at the east of Asia and the west shore of Pacific Ocean,China covers a land area of about 9.6 million square kilometers,which,second only ro Russia and Canada,is the third largest country in the world.--[[User:Guan Qinqing|Guan Qinqing]] ([[User talk:Guan Qinqing|talk]]) 15:21, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺。
 
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Man meet and say goodbye, and so the moon wax and wane.
 
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曾经应用广泛的古代实用技术，今天早已失传或正在消失，需要我们以现代技术手段复原和再现。
 
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The ancient technology, once in widespread use, has already lost or is disappearing nowadays, and it is the modern technology that is needed to help it restore and recur again.
 
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--[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 02:53, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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人有悲欢离合 ，月有阴晴圆缺
 
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People have sorrows and joys,like the moon waxes and wanes.--[[User:Liu Liu|Liu Liu]] ([[User talk:Liu Liu|talk]]) 01:12, 27 September 2020 (UTC)Liu Liu
 
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=====Jiang Qiwei 蒋淇玮=====
 
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1.中国位于亚洲东部、太平洋的西岸。领土辽阔广大，陆地面积约960万平方千米，居世界第3位，约等于欧洲整体面积。中国地势西高东低，呈阶梯状分布，山地、高原面积广大，气温降水的组合多种多样，形成了多样的气候。
 
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China is situated in the east Asia and the west bank of the Pacific. Covering about 9.6 million square kilometers, it ranks third in the world, whose land area is nearly the equal of that of the whole Europe. China is high in the west while low in the east, showing the ladder-shaped topography. It holds a large area of mountainous region and plateau. Besides, China's climate is rather diverse, owing to its changeable temperature and percipitation.
 
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2.阴晴圆缺都休说，且喜人间好时节。
 
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Regardless of the waxing and waning of the moon, let us celebrate the joyous Mid-Autumn Festival.
 
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3.指南针是中国古代四大发明之一，是中国古代劳动人民在长期的实践中对磁石磁性认识的结果，对人类的科学技术和文明的发展起了无可估量的作用。
 
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Compass is one of the Four Great Inventions of ancient China. It is the fruit of ancient Chinese people's understanding towards the magnetism of magnets, which derived from long-term practice. And It plays a vital role in our development of science, technology and civilization.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 09:37, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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The compass is one of the Four Great Inventions of ancient China and a result of the long-term practice of the ancient working people in China on the magnetism of magnets., which has played an essential role in the development of  science, technology and civilization.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 08:20, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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=====Kang Haoyu 康浩宇=====
 
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井冈山是中国革命的摇篮，江西南昌是中国人民解放军的诞生地。 红色文化，又使江西比起古代的江南风情，更多了一分铿锵。Jinggangshan is the cradle of modern Chinese revolution and Nanchang is the birthplace of People's Liberation Army. The red culture has made Jiangxi Province more tough than it in ancient times.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 09:20, 24 September 2020 (UTC)--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 09:20, 24 September 2020 (UTC) The red culture has made Jiangxi Province more tough than it was in ancient times.--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 01:23, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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祖
 
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七月半属于非物质文化遗产，是一种文化，是追怀先人既古老又现代的一种传统，这一传统体现了古人“慎终追远”思想，其文化核心是敬祖尽孝。 As a kind of culture, Hungry Ghost Festival belongs to intangible cultural heritage. It's such a tradition, both ancient and modern, for people to reminisce their ancestors. With Worship ancestors and filial piety as the core culture, the tradition shows ancient people's thought of carefully attending to the funeral rites of parents and following them when gone with due sacrifices.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 14:02, 24 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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张衡为中国天文学、机械技术、地震学的发展作出了杰出的贡献，发明了浑天仪、地动仪，是东汉中期浑天说的代表人物之一。 As one of the representatives of the theory of sphere-heavens in the middle Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng invented the armillary sphere and seismograph, making outstanding contributions to the development of astronomy, mechanical technology and seismology in China.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 14:02, 24 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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=====Lei Fangyuan 雷方圆=====
 
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1、“地理”一词最早见于中国《易经》。古代的地理学主要探索关于地球形状、大小有关的测量方法，或对已知的地区和国家进行描述。
 
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“Geography”-the word was first found in the Chinese Book of Changes.Ancient geography mainly explores the measurement of the shape or size of the Earth, or the description of known areas and countries.
 
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2、元宵习俗，中国民间习俗，全国各地习俗不尽相同，其中吃汤圆，赏花灯，舞龙，舞狮子等是元宵节几项重要民间习俗。
 
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Lantern festival customs,  Chinese folk customs, customs across all over the country are not the same, including eating TangYuan, enjoying Lanterns, dragon and lion dances are some important folk customs of the Lantern Festival.
 
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3、中国古代科技源于生活，而生活需要各种实用技术。造纸、印刷、纺织、陶瓷、冶铸、建筑等中国人引以为豪的发明无不带有鲜明的实用烙印。
 
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Chinese ancient science and technology originated from life, and life needs all kinds of practical technology. Paper, printing brush, textile, ceramics, metallurgy, architecture and other  Chinese people proud of the invention has a distinctive practical brand.--[[User:Lei Fangyuan|Lei Fangyuan]] ([[User talk:Lei Fangyuan|talk]]) 07:20, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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1、“地理”一词最早见于中国《易经》。古代的地理学主要探索关于地球形状、大小有关的测量方法，或对已知的地区和国家进行描述。
 
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“Geography” was first found in the Chinese Book of Changes.Ancient geography mainly explored the measurement methods in terms of the shape or size of the Earth, or the description of known areas and countries.
 
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2、元宵习俗，中国民间习俗，全国各地习俗不尽相同，其中吃汤圆，赏花灯，舞龙，舞狮子等是元宵节几项重要民间习俗。
 
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There are no any similarities among Lantern Festival customs, Chinese folk customs and ones across China.And customs, such as eating TangYuan, enjoying flower lanterns, dragon and lion dancing, are several important folk customs during the Lantern Festival.
 
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3、中国古代科技源于生活，而生活需要各种实用技术。造纸、印刷、纺织、陶瓷、冶铸、建筑等中国人引以为豪的发明无不带有鲜明的实用烙印。
 
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Ancient Chinese science and technology originated from life and life needed all kinds of practical technologies. So inventions that Chinese people are proud of,including papermaking, printing, textile, ceramics, metallurgy, and architecture, were clearly imprinted with practical application.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 10:54, 25 September 2020 (UTC)Li Lili
 
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1. “Geography” was first found in ''The Book of Changes''. Ancient geography mainly explores the measurement of the shape and size of the Earth, or describes the known areas and countries.--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 13:42, 26 September 2020 (UTC)Chen Han
 
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−
=====Lei Kuangxi 雷旷溪=====
 
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1、中国位于亚洲东部、太平洋西岸,它的版图被形象地比作一只头朝东尾朝西的金鸡,地势西高东低。
 
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China is located in the east of Asia and the West Bank of the Pacific Ocean. Its territory is vividly compared to a golden rooster with its head facing east and tail facing west.
 
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2、中秋节是中国民间的传统节日。中秋节源自天象崇拜，由上古时代秋夕祭月演变而来。
 
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The Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional Chinese folk festival. The Mid-Autumn Festival originated from the worship of celestial phenomena and evolved from the autumn and sunset festivals in ancient times.
 
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3、在人类历史上，封建社会科学文化的最高成就是由中国创造的。其中农学、医学、数学、天文学是我国古代的四大自然科学。
 
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The highest achievement of feudal social science and culture in human history was created by China. Agriculture, medicine, mathematics and astronomy are the four natural sciences of ancient China.--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 08:05, 27 September 2020 (UTC)雷旷溪
 
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−
=====Li Lili 李丽丽=====
 
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1.杭州素以美丽的山水著称，中国古代有句谚语“上有天堂，下有苏杭”，表达了古往今来人们对于这座美丽城市的由衷赞美。
 
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Hangzhou has a reputation for its extraordinary lakes and hills. As a Chinese saying goes,"Above,there is heaven;below, there are Hangzhou and Suzhou",which shows people’s admiration for the beautiful city.
 
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Hangzhou has a reputation for its enchanting rivers and mountains.  Just as a Chinese saying goes, “In heaven there is paradise, and on earth there are cities Suzhou and Hangzhou”, people have great admiration for the two beautiful cities since ancient times. --[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 07:35, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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Hangzhou has a reputation for its beautiful scenery with hills and waters. Just as the old saying goes "Up above there is heaven; down below there are Suzhou and Hangzhou", which shows great appreciation of people of all ages to this gorgeous city. --[[User:Gui Yizhi|Gui Yizhi]] ([[User talk:Gui Yizhi|talk]]) 09:52, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
−
 
 
−
2.重阳节早在战国时期就已经形成，到了唐代，重阳被正式定为民间的节日，此后历朝历代沿袭至今。
 
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Double Ninth Festival was formed as early as the Warring States Period. In the Tang Dynasty, it was officially designated as a folk festival, which has been followed by successive dynasties since then.
 
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3.据《梦溪笔谈》载，毕昇曾试验以木为原料制作活字，而未成功，毕昇才改木为泥发明用泥制作活字。公元1041~1048年，毕昇终于成功地发明了泥活字印刷，提高了印刷的效率。但是，他的发明并未受到当时统治者和社会的重视。
 
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According to Dream Pool Essays, Bi Sheng tried to make movable type with wood as raw material, but failed.Then Bi Sheng replaced wood with clay and invented making movable type with mud. From 1041 to 1048, Bi Sheng succeeded in inventing clay movable type printing, which improved the printing efficiency. However, his invention did not receive the attention of the rulers and society at that time.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 15:43, 25 September 2020 (UTC)Li Lili
 
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2.重阳节早在战国时期就已经形成，到了唐代，重阳被正式定为民间的节日，此后历朝历代沿袭至今。
 
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The Double Ninth Festival was formed as early as the Warring States Period.It was not until Tang Dynasty that the festival was officially designated as a folk festival,which was passed down by successive dynasties from then on.--[[User:Liu Liu|Liu Liu]] ([[User talk:Liu Liu|talk]]) 12:33, 26 September 2020 (UTC)Liu Liu
 
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=====Li Liqin 李丽琴=====
 
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中国地理环境复杂，植物种类丰富多样,其丰富的自然和人文景观以及古老而璀璨的文化无不吸引着来自世界各地的游客。
 
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China has a complicated geographical environment with a variety of plants. Moreover, its abundant natural and cultural landscapes as well as the splendid ancient history attract tourists from all around the world. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 02:45, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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China is well known for its complicated geographical environment and a wide range of flora; moreover, its rich natural and cultural landscapes as well as the ancient and splendid civilization attract tourists from all around the world.--[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 07:13, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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----
 
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清明节是我国的传统节日之一，距今已有两千多年的历史。这个节日既有祭扫祖坟生离死别的悲伤，又有踏青游玩的欢乐，是个富有特色的节日。
 
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As an important traditional festival in China, the Tomb-Sweeping Day has a history of more than 2000 years. Grave feeling of sadness to sacrifice ancestors and the joy of playing out are both the characteristics of the festival. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 02:45, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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----
 
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中国古代四大发明分别是造纸术、印刷术、火药和指南针。在物质文明方面，中国的四大发明曾改变世界的历史发展进程, 至今都令我们自豪。
 
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The Four Great Inventions of ancient China are papermaking, printing, gunpowder and the compass. In terms of material civilization, the Four Great Inventions had advanced the development of the world history and have been our pride till today. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 02:45, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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中国古代四大发明分别是造纸术、印刷术、火药和指南针。在物质文明方面，中国的四大发明曾改变世界的历史发展进程, 至今都令我们自豪。
 
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The Four Great Inventions of ancient China are papermaking, printing, gunpowder and the compass. In terms of material civilization, the Four Great Inventions advanced the development of the world history and have been our pride till today.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 09:49, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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中国古代四大发明分别是造纸术、印刷术、火药和指南针。在物质文明方面，中国的四大发明曾改变世界的历史发展进程, 至今都令我们自豪。
 
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The Four Great Inventions refer to the inventions of paper, printing, dynamite and compass. In terms of material civilization, the Four Great Inventions have advanced the development of the world history and have been our pride till today.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 13:46, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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=====Liu Liu 刘柳=====
 
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1.“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”加持的岳阳楼，自古就有“洞庭天下水，岳阳天下楼”之美誉。
 
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The classic Chinese poetry “I wish to be the first to worry about the country and the people and the last to enjoy comforts.” makes Yueyang Tower a well-known scenic spot,which enjoys a good reputation of “Dongting Lake is the most beautiful lake of the world and Yueyang Tower is the most magnificent tower in the world.” from time immemorial.
 
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2.在传统节日当中，论民俗之繁多复杂，或只有端午节能和春节可比拟，都有着祈福、消灾等礼俗主题，寄托了人们迎祥纳福、辟邪除灾的愿望。
 
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Among all traditional festivals in China,the Dragon Boat Festival may be the only festival that can be compared with the Spring Festival considering the various and complicated folk customs.They both include the same theme such as blessing and warding off disasters,which express people’s desire to bring in good luck and drive away evil spirits.
 
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3.隋朝工匠李春设计建造的赵州桥，是世界上最早的敞肩石拱桥，在世界桥梁史上占有重要地位。
 
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Zhaozhou Bridge,designed and built by Li Chun,a craftsman in the Sui Dynasty,is the earliest open-spandrel stone arch bridge,which occupies an important position in the history of bridges of the world.--[[User:Liu Liu|Liu Liu]] ([[User talk:Liu Liu|talk]]) 11:19, 26 September 2020 (UTC)Liu Liu
 
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1.“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”加持的岳阳楼，自古就有“洞庭天下水，岳阳天下楼”之美誉。
 
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The classic Chinese poetry “I wish to be the first to worry about the country and the people and the last to enjoy comforts.” makes Yueyang Tower a well-known scenic spot. It also enjoys a good reputation of “Dongting Lake is the most beautiful lake of the world and Yueyang Tower is the most magnificent tower in the world.” from time immemorial.(两个句子分开断句的翻译结构更清晰一点)
 
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2.在传统节日当中，论民俗之繁多复杂，或只有端午节能和春节可比拟，都有着祈福、消灾等礼俗主题，寄托了人们迎祥纳福、辟邪除灾的愿望。
 
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Among all traditional festivals in China,the Dragon Boat Festival may be the only festival that can be compared with the Spring Festival considering the various and complicated folk customs. The same themes are observed such as seeking blessings and warding off disasters, which express people’s desires to bring in good luck and drive away evil spirits.--[[User:Liu Yiyu|Liu Yiyu]] ([[User talk:Liu Yiyu|talk]]) 01:16, 27 September 2020 (UTC)Liu Yiyu
 
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=====Liu Ou 刘欧=====
 
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白云山，位于广东省广州市白云区，为南粤名山之一，自古就有“羊城第一秀”之称。面积20.98平方公里，主峰摩星岭高382米。
 
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Baiyun Mountain, one of the famous mountains of Guangdong Province, locates in the Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province. It was renowned as a beautiful spot of Guangzhou since the ancient time. It covers 20.98 kilometers and its highest peak Moxing Ling is 382 meters.
 
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农历九月初九是重阳节。重阳节，又称“踏秋”，汉族传统节日。庆祝重阳节一般包括出游赏景、登高远眺、观赏菊花、遍插茱萸、吃重阳糕、饮菊花酒等活动。
 
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Chongyang Festival (or Double Ninth Festival), a traditional festival of Han nationality, falls on the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar year. It is also called Ta Qiu (tread on the autumn day). In that day, people always go hiking, climb the mountains, observe the chrysanthemums, pick the cornel to wear it on head, eat the Chongyang cake and drink the chrysanthemums wine.
 
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水车，灌溉工具，是古代中国劳动人民，充分利用水力发展出来的一种运转机械。根据文献记载，水车大约东汉时期出现。水车作为中国农耕文化的重要组成部分，它体现了中华民族的创造力，见证了中国农业文明，为水利研究史提供了见证。水车的发明奠定了人民安居乐业、社会和谐稳定的基础。
 
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Waterwheel, an irrigation machine ran by waterpower, which was invented by the ancient Chinese people. According to the documents, the waterwheel was appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty. As an important part of the Chinese Farming Culture, it represents the creativity of the Chinese people and provided a witness of the Chinese irrigation history. It also laid a foundation of people’s wellbeing and the stability of the society.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 13:08, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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=====Liu Yi 刘艺=====
 
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内海是一个国家神圣不可侵犯的领土，山东半岛与辽东半岛之间的渤海是中国的内海。
 
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The inland sea is the sacred and inviolable territory of a country. The Bohai Sea，between the Shandong Peninsula and the Liaodong Peninsula，is China's inland sea.
 
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中秋之夜，月色皎洁。古人把圆月视为团圆的象征，因此又称八月十五为团圆节。古往今来，人们常用月圆月缺来形容悲欢离合。
 
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At the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, the moonlight is bright and white. The ancients regarded the full moon as a symbol of reunion, so the 15th day of the eighth month of lunar calendar was also called the Reunion Festival. Throughout the ages, people often use the full moon and waning moon to describe the joys and sorrows.
 
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On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, the moonlight is bright. The ancients regarded the full moon as a symbol of reunion, so the 15th day of the eighth lunar month was also called the Reunion Festival.Through the ages, people often use the wax and wane to describe joys and sorrows.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 14:31, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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唐代时瓷器便成为我国的大宗出口商品，明清时期我国的制瓷技术达到了古代制瓷技术的最高峰，许多传世珍品至今仍令人欣赏不已。
 
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In the Tang Dynasty, porcelain has become our country's bulk export commodities. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, porcelain-making technology in China reached the highest level and many treasures handed down from old times still be admired today.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 02:32, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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=====Liu Yiyu 刘怡瑜=====
 
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岳阳是一座有着2500多年悠久历史的文化名城，人文深厚，风景秀丽，集名山、名水、名楼、名人、名文于一体，是中华文化重要的始源地之一，亦是海内外闻名的旅游胜地。
 
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Yueyang, a celebrated cultural city, boasts a long history of more than 2000 years. It enjoys highly cultural richness and marvelous scenery. The city is also known for its mountains, waters，buildings, eminent persons and some favorably related articles. It proves to be a significant cradle of the Chinese culture and a noted tourist attraction home and abroad.
 
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国际儿童节定于每年的6月1日，这是为了悼念1942年6月10日的利迪策惨案和全世界所有在战争中死难的儿童，反对虐杀和毒害儿童，以及保障儿童权利。
 
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International Children's Day is designated on June 1 for the purpose of mourning Lidice massacre and all the children who died or suffered in wars. It also aims at fighting against behaviors of abusing and hurting children with their rights protected.
 
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丝绸是中国的特产，中国古代劳动人民发明并大规模生产丝绸制品，更开启了世界历史上第一次东西方大规模的商贸交流。
 
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Silk is one of the specialties in China.  In ancient China, the working people invented and churned out massive silk products, triggering the first commercial interaction between the east and the west in a large scale in the history of the world.--[[User:Liu Yiyu|Liu Yiyu]] ([[User talk:Liu Yiyu|talk]]) 09:04, 26 September 2020 (UTC)Liu Yiyu
 
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1.Yueyang, a celebrated cultural city, boasts a long history of more than 2500 years. It enjoys highly cultural richness and marvelous scenery. The city is also known for its mountains, waters，pavilions, celebrities and some favorably related articles. It proves to be a significant cradle of the Chinese culture and a noted tourist attraction home and abroad. （tip: 楼不是指一般的building，应该是指岳阳楼这类亭楼，故译为pavilion）
 
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2.International Children's Day is celebrated annually on June 1 to commemorate the Lidice massacre and all the children who died in wars. It was set up to combat behavior of abusing and hurting children and protect children's rights. （tip: 死难即在灾祸中去世，译为die即可）
 
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3.Silk is one of the specialties in China. In ancient China, the working people invented and churned out silk products, triggering the first commercial interaction between the East and the West on a large scale in world history. (tip: on a large scale固定搭配，churn out和massive意义重复，the East and the West需大写)--Ouyang Ling
 
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=====Lou Cancan 娄灿灿=====
 
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重庆，位于中国西南内陆，属于亚热带季风气候，夏日阳光炽热，被称为火炉；城市依山而建，被称为山城；冬春云清雾重，又被称为雾都。Chongqing is located in the southwestern part of mainland China with a subtropical monsoon climate. Chongqing is called Furnace City as it is hot in summer with scorching sun. The city is also called Mountainous City because it is built on hillsides with mountains around it. In winter and spring, Chongqing is often shrouded in clouds and mist. Hence it got the name of Fog City. --[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:43, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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Chongqing lies in the inland southwest of China with a subtropical monsoon climate. It is known as a stove city in summer as the sun is burning there; It is called a mountain city as all the buildings are built along mountains; It is referred to as the city of Fog as the mist are heavy during the winter and spring.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 10:28, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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粽子之于端午节就像彩蛋之于复活节、玫瑰之于情人节。粽子的主要原料是糯米，糯米在烹饪后的形状不变，在夏季的炎热环境中可以完好地保存。Zongzi are to the Dragon Boat Festival what eggs are to Easter or roses to Valentine's Day. The main ingredient is glutinous rice,which holds its shape after cooking and keeps well in the summer heat. --[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:43, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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张衡是中国古代杰出的科学家，他长期观察日月和行星的运行规律，知道月亮本身不发光，月光只是月球反射了太阳光。Zhang Hong was an prominent scientist in ancient China. After spending long time observing the laws of movement of the moon,the sun,and the planets,he concluded that the moon itself does not shine but only reflects the light from the sun. --[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:34, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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Zhangheng, a prominent scientist of ancient China, after observing the orbit rule of sun, moon and other planets for a long time, found that the moon itself doesn't shine and it just reflects the light of sun.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 10:28, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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=====Luo Weijia 罗维嘉=====
 
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中国得天独厚，大部分地区土地肥沃，气候温和。 Nature is generous in giving most of China plenty of fertile soil, along with a climate that is most moderately.
 
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Geography blesses China, with most of its areas fertile and climate mild. --[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 06:03, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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清明节起源于寒食节，用以纪念春秋时期晋国大臣介子推。 Tomb-Sweeping Day originated from the Cold Food Festival which remembered Jie Zitui, a nobleman of the State of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period.
 
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中国人不仅是火箭的发明者，而且还是首先企图利用固体燃料火箭将人载到空中去的幻想者。The Chinese not only invented the rocket but also the first to fantasize about using the solid rocket to carry man into space.--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 01:08, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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中国得天独厚，大部分地区土地肥沃，气候温和。
 
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China is blessed with fertile soil and temperate climate in most areas.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 02:36, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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清明节起源于寒食节，用以纪念春秋时期晋国大臣介子推。
 
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Tomb-Sweeping Day originated from the Cold Food Festival in memory of Jie Zitui, a minister of the State of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 02:45, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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[http://www.example.com link title]
 
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1.中国得天独厚，大部分地区土地肥沃，气候温和。
 
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Richly endowed by nature, China has fertile land and mild weather in most areas.
 
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2.清明节起源于寒食节，用以纪念春秋时期晋国大臣介子推。
 
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Originated from Cold Food Day, Tomb Sweeping Day is celebrated to memorize Jie Zitui, a minister of the State of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period.
 
  
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3.中国人不仅是火箭的发明者，而且还是首先企图利用固体燃料火箭将人载到空中去的幻想者。Chinese people is not only the inventor of rocket, but also the dreamer who firstly attempts to send men into space by solid-fuel rockets. --[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 13:52, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
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Handout [[Media:Ancient_Science_and_Technology_.docx|Ancient Science and Technology]] --[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 06:48, 28 September 2020 (UTC)Zeng Xinyuan
  
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=====Luo Yuqing 罗雨晴=====
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===<span style="color:red">'''Homework from Session 2 (Sep 28, 2020), due for Session 3 (Oct 5, 2020)'''</span>===
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衡阳历史悠久 、山水优美，以石鼓书院为代表的人文景观与以南岳衡山为代表的自然景观遍布。
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1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c) and translate it into English. You can <span style="color:red">'''write it [[20200928_cult|here]]'''</span>.
  
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Hengyang boasts its long history , beautiful mountains and rivers. The humanistic landscape represented by Shi-gu Academy and the natural landscape represented by Mount Heng(one of the Five Great Mountains of China) are everywhere.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 03:15, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
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2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.
  
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中秋节以月之圆象征人之团圆，为寄托思念故乡，思念亲人之情，祈盼丰收、幸福，是丰富多彩、弥足珍贵的文化遗产。
 
  
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The Mid Autumn Festival symbolizes the reunion of people with the full moon. It is a colorful and precious cultural heritage for cherishing the feeling of missing hometown and relatives and praying for harvest and happiness.
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==3rd Session: Unit 2==
 +
===Text A Chinese Characters and Scripts===
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Classroom presentation [[Media:Chinese Characters.ppt]] by Jiang Fengyi --[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 07:14, 6 October 2020 (UTC)
  
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古代科技内容上主要集中于与农业有关的农学、天文历法以及医学等方面，应用性强，但是对事物发展规律的探索不够。
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Handout [[Media:Chinese Characters.docx]]--[[User:Gudongfang|Gudongfang]] ([[User talk:Gudongfang|talk]]) 15:36, 6 October 2020 (UTC)Gu Dongfang
  
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The content of ancient science and technology mainly focused on astronomy relating to agriculture , calendar, medicine and so on, which had strong applicability but scant exploration on the law of development.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 02:22, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
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===Text B Calligraphy===
  
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The ancient science and techonology mainly focused on agronomy, astronomy, calendar and medicine, which related to agriculture. Although they have strong applicability, they lack the exploration of the law of the development.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 08:08, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
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Classroom presentation [[Media:Chinese calligraphy.pptx|Chinese calligraphy]]--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 02:03, 5 October 2020 (UTC) Xu Jia
  
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=====Mo Ling 莫玲=====
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Handout [[Media:Chinese_calligraphy.docx|Chinese calligraphy]]--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 11:50, 10 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting
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1.中国地势西高东低，呈阶梯状分布。山地、高原面积广大。东西相距约5000千米。
 
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China's terrain is high in the West and low in the East, with a distribution like stairs. The areas of mountains and plateaus are vast and the distance from the East to the West is about 5000 kilometres.--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 08:20, 26 September 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling
 
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2.春节是中华民族最隆重的传统佳节，它不仅集中体现了中华民族的思想信仰和理想愿望，而且还是祈福攘灾、饮食和娱乐活动的狂欢式展示。
 
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The Spring Festival is the most solemn traditional festival of the Chinese nation. It not only embodies the Chinese nation's ideology and belief, ideals and aspirations, but also a carnival display of praying for blessings and dispelling bad luck, food and entertainment activities.--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 08:20, 26 September 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling
 
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3.历法是中国古代天文学的重要内容，它不仅包括年、月、日、时、节气的安排，还包括日、月、行星运动，交食，晷影，漏刻，恒星出没，天空分区，等等。
 
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Calendar is an important content of ancient Chinese astronomy. It includes not only the arrangement of year, month, day, hour and solar term, but also the movement of sun, moon and planets, eclipses, sundial shadows, clepsydra, star occurrence and sky division, etc.--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 09:05, 25 September 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling
 
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1. China's terrain is high in the West and low in the East, with a stairs-like distribution. The areas of mountains and plateaus are vast and the distance from the East to the West is about 5 kilometers.
 
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2.The Spring Festival is the most solemn traditional festival of the Chinese nation. It not only embodies the Chinese nation's ideology and belief, ideals and aspirations, but also is a carnival display of praying for blessings and dispelling bad luck, food and entertainment activities.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 12:49, 25 September 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu
 
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1.中国地势西高东低，呈阶梯状分布。山地、高原面积广大。东西相距约5000千米。
 
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1.The major land of China is distributed like stairs,with its western areas higher than the east ones.Mountains and plateaus cover a huge area of the land ,and the distance from the East to the West is about 5 kilometres.--[[User:Wu Zijia|Wu Zijia]] ([[User talk:Wu Zijia|talk]]) 14:44, 25 September 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia
 
  
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=====Ouyang Ling 欧阳玲=====
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===Text C Evolution of calligraphy===
  
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1.黄河是一条长5464公里的大河，它是世界上第五大河。它从青藏高原一路东去，像一条长龙，穿越中国九个省区，最后注入渤海。富含泥沙的河水淤积成肥沃的土壤，孕育了中华文明。
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Classroom presentation [[Media:The Evolution of Calligraphy.pptx|evolution of Calligraphy]]--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:14, 5 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling
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The Yellow River is 5464 kilometres long, ranking fifth in the world. Originating in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, it flows east through nine proviinces and empties into the Bohai Sea. The rich silt carried by the Yellow River formed fertile farmland that is the birthplace of Chinese culture.
 
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--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 09:52, 25 September 2020 (UTC)The Yellow River is 5464 kilometres long, ranking fifth in the world. Originated in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, it flows east through nine provinces  into the Bohai Sea. The rich silt carried by the Yellow River formed fertile land, which is the birthplace of Chinese culture.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 09:52, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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2.中秋节是一个全家团圆的节日，按照中国的农历，每年的八月十五，月圆的那天就是中秋节。就算是那些无法回家的人，也会在中秋节那天抬头望向那一轮圆圆的明月，寄托对故乡的思念。这是海内外中国人的共同情感，就像中国的一首著名的诗里所说的，“海上生明月，天涯共此时”。
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Handout [[Media:calligraphy by Xiao Shuangling and Wang Xuan.docx]] --[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 09:10, 15 October 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan
  
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The Mid-autumn Festival is a festival for families to get together in China. It falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month when the full moon returns to the sky. Those who cannot return home look at the round and bright moon and think of their family. Chinese people all around the world shrare the same emotion, and just like an ancient Chinese poem says, the moon was rising from the sea and all the people were sharing this moment.
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===<span style="color:red">'''Homework from Session 3 (Oct 7, 2020), due for Session 4 (Oct 12, 2020)'''</span>===
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1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can <span style="color:red">'''write it [[20201007_cult|here]]'''</span>.
  
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3.古代的指南针像一把汤勺,把它放在平滑的盘子上，依靠磁铁的原理，勺柄就会指向南方。后来人们用小小的钢针代替了汤勺，指南针就更轻便了。600多年前，郑和先后七次下西洋，便是依靠了指南针导航。
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2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.
  
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The ancient compass, Zhinanzhen, looked like a spoon. When the spoon was put on a plate, its handle could point to the south using magnetic fields. Then Chinese used a little steel needle to replace the spoon and this made the Zhinanzhen easier to carry. More than 600 years ago, Zheng He, a famous eunuch of the Ming Dynasty, traveled to Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean seven times with the help of the Zhinanzhen. --Ouyang Ling
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==4th Session: Unit 3 Traditional Crafts==
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===Text A, total text no. 7, Embroidery===
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Classroom presentation [[Media:Embroidery.pptx]] by Qu Miao --[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 04:33, 12 October 2020 (UTC)
  
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=====Peng Ruihong 彭锐宏=====
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Handout [[Media:Embroidery.docx]] by Lou Cancan --[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 04:24, 12 October 2020 (UTC)
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1. 长沙位于湖南省东部偏北，湘江下游和长沙盆地西缘。东邻江西省宜春、萍乡两市，南接株洲、湘潭两市，西连娄底、益阳两市，北抵岳阳、益阳两市。
 
  
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Changsha is located in the north east of Hunan Province, the lower reaches of the Xiangjiang River and the western edge of the Changsha Basin.  It is adjacent to Yichun and Pingxiang in Jiangxi Province in the east, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan in the south, Loudi and Yiyang in the west, and Yueyang and Yiyang in the north.
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Qu Miao 瞿淼、Lou Cancan 娄灿灿
  
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2. 中秋节与春节、清明节、端午节并称为中国四大传统节日。受中华文化的影响，中秋节也是东亚和东南亚一些国家尤其是当地的华人华侨的传统节日。2006年5月20日，国务院将其列入首批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。自2008年起中秋节被列为国家法定节假日。
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===Text B, total text no. 8, Cloisonne===
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Classroom presentation [[Media:...pptx]] by ...
  
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The Mid-Autumn Festival, the Spring Festival, the Ching Ming Festival, and the Dragon Boat Festival are also known as the four traditional Chinese festivals.  Influenced by Chinese culture, Mid-Autumn Festival is also a traditional festival for some countries in East Asia and Southeast Asia, especially local Chinese and overseas Chinese. On May 20, 2006, the State Council included it in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.  The Mid-Autumn Festival has been listed as a national legal holiday since 2008.
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===Text C, total text no. 9, Lacquerware===
  
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3.四大发明是中国古代人民的智慧成果和科学技术，包括造纸术、指南针、火药、印刷术。
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Classroom presentation [[Media:China_Traditional_Craft_by_Lo_Minh_Thao_S.pptx|Lo Minh Thao's presentation on Chinese Traditional Crafts]]
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四种发明对中国古代的政治、经济、文化的发展产生了巨大的推动作用，经各种途径传至西方，对世界文明发展史产生巨大的影响力。
 
  
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The four great inventions are the wisdom and science and technology of the ancient Chinese people, including papermaking, compass, gunpowder, and printing.
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===Text D, total text no. 10, Carving===
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The four inventions greatly promoted the development of politics, economy, and culture in ancient China. They were spread to the West through various channels and exerted tremendous influence on the history of world civilization.--[[User:Peng Ruihong|Peng Ruihong]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruihong|talk]]) 00:50, 28 September 2020 (UTC)--[[User:Peng Ruihong|Peng Ruihong]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruihong|talk]]) 00:50, 28 September 2020 (UTC)
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Classroom presentation [[Media:...pptx]] by ...
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--[[User:Peng Ruihong|Peng Ruihong]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruihong|talk]]) 02:57, 28 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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=====Qu Miao 瞿淼=====
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Handout [[Media:....docx]] by ...
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1. 大陆海岸线长达18000余千米，隔着大海，跟日本、菲律宾、马来西亚、印度尼西亚以及文莱等国家和地区遥遥相望。
 
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The continental coastline reaches a length of 18000 kilometers, which separated by the sea with countries and areas including Japan, the Philippines, Malaysia’s, Indonesia, Brunei and so on.
 
  
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2. 农历八月十五日是中国的传统节日—-中秋节。在这天，每个家庭都团聚在一起，一家人共同欣赏象征丰裕、和谐和幸福的圆月。此时，大人们吃着美味的月饼，品着热腾腾的香茗，而孩子们则在一旁拉着兔子灯尽情玩耍。
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===<span style="color:red">'''Homework from Session 4 (Oct 12, 2020), due for Session 5 (Oct 19, 2020)'''</span>===
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The fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month is the Chinese traditional festival—the Mid-Autumn Festival. On this day, every family is reunited to enjoy the full moon which is a symbol of abundance, harmony and happiness. At this time, adults are eating delicious mooncakes and drinking fragrant hot tea, while children are having fun with rabbit-shaped lanterns in their hands.
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1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can <span style="color:red">'''write it [[20201012_cult|here]]'''</span>.
  
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3. 张衡（78-139），字平子，东汉著名天文学家。《灵宪》一文全面地体现了他在天文学上的成就。他认为宇宙在空间上没有边界，在时间上没有起点，他发明制作了世界上第一台天文仪器浑天仪。
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2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.
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Zheng Heng(78-139), whose courtesy name is Pingzi, is a famous astronomer in the Estern Han Dynasty. The article Ling Xian comprehensively reveals his achievements on astronomy. He held the view that the universe has no boundary in space and no origin in time. And he invented the world’s first astronomical instrument—the artillery sphere.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 15:20, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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=====Shi Haiyao 石海瑶=====
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==5th Session: Unit 4==
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原文：马尔代夫是南亚印度洋上的群岛国家，座落在印度洋南端西南方向300公里、斯里兰卡以西450公里处；由北向南经过赤道纵列，形成了一条长长的礁岛群地带。1190个美丽的珊瑚礁岛屿散落在宽广、碧蓝的印度洋海面上似一幅美丽的画卷。如果把马尔代夫形容为美丽的热带天堂是一点也不为过的。马尔代夫明媚的阳光、清澈的海水和白色的沙滩以及岛屿所衍生的诱惑力，吸引着来自世界各地的游客；使之成为趋之若鹜的旅游度假胜地。
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===Text A Tea===  
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译文：Maldives is an archipelago state in Indian Ocean of South Asia, located on  300 miles southwest of the southern tip of Indian Ocean and 450 miles west of Sri Lanka. it stretches from north to south, goes through the equatorial column and forms a long coral islands zone. 1190 magnificent coral islands are scattered among the vast and azure Indian Ocean, like a beautiful scroll painting. It is of no exaggeration if one describes Maldives as gorgeous tropical paradise. Bright sunshine, limpid ocean and white beach of Maldives as well as derivative allure of this island attract tourists throughout the world, transforming it into a popular tourist resort.
 
  
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原文：在我国，农历七月初七的夜晚，天气温暖，草木飘香，这就是人们俗称的七夕节，也有人称之为“乞巧节”或“女儿节”，这是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个节日，也是过去姑娘们最为重视的日子。 在晴朗的夏秋之夜，天上繁星闪耀，一道白茫茫的银河横贯南北，争河的东西两岸，各有一颗闪亮的星星，隔河相望，遥遥相对，那就是牵牛星和织女星。
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Classroom presentation[[Media: Tea_Chinese_Culture_Zhu_Meimei_S.pptx|Zhu Meimei's presentation on Tea]]--[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 05:50, 19 October 2020 (UTC)
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译文：The Magpie Festival, on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month, is a traditional festival in China. It is in mid-summer when the weather is warm and the grass and trees give off a fragrant perfume. Someone also call it “Qiqiao Festival” or “Daughter Festival”. It is one of the most romantic festival among Chinese traditional festival and the most precious day for girls in the past. In a fine night of summer and autumn, stars twinkle in the sky, a vast expanse of white milky way stretches from north to south, on each bank of it is a bright star, which faces each other from afar. They are Altair and Vega.
 
  
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原文：火药是中国古代炼丹家发明于隋唐时期，距今已有一千多年了。火药的研究开始于古代道家炼丹术，古人为求长生不老而炼制丹药，炼丹术的目的和动机都是超前的，但它的实验方法还是有可取之处，最后导致了火药的发明。
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Handout [[Media:Tea_Zhou_Yuanqu_S.docx|Zhou Yuanqu's handout on Tea]]----[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 02:08, 19 October 2020 (UTC)
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译文：Gunpowder was invented by ancient Chinese alchemist in Sui and Tang dynasties more than 1000 years ago. The initial gunpowder research stemmed from Taoist alchemy. The ancients refined elixir for the sake of immortality. Though the purpose and motive of alchemy were unrealistic, its experimental method was advisable that led to the invention of gunpowder.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 12:00, 26 September 2020 (UTC)石海瑶
 
  
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=====Si Yu 司妤=====
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===Text B Silk ===
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浙江，位于中国东部，紧邻中国最大的都市上海，省会杭州距离上海仅需一小时不到的高铁车程。
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吴琼 张银柳
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Zhejiang is an eastern province in China. It stands in close proximity to Shanghai, the largest city in the country. It takes less than an hour to Shanghai from Hangzhou, the capital city of Zhejiang by high-speed train.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 14:36, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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Zhejiang,located in the east of China,bordered by the biggest city in China, Shanghai. And Hangzhou ,the provincial capital of Zhejiang, is less than one hour away from Shanghai by high-speed train.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 08:12, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
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Classroom presentation by Zhang Yinliu[[Media:Silk.pptx]]--[[User:Zhang Yinliu|Zhang Yinliu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yinliu|talk]]) 02:30, 19 October 2020 (UTC)
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Handout by--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 01:44, 19 October 2020 (UTC) [[Media:Handout for Silk.docx]]
  
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Located in the east of China, Zhejiang Province is bordered by Shanghai which is the biggest city in China. Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang province, is less than on hour away from Shanghai by high-speed train.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 13:44, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
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===Text C Porcelain ===
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Zubareva Ekaterina, ANNA GROSHEVA
  
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Classroom presentation by [[Media:Porcelain_-_Grosheva_and_Zubareva.pptx]] --[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 08:17, 18 October 2020 (UTC)
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吉隆坡一些地方的华人社团当前举行了提灯笼游行庆中秋活动，除舞龙舞狮外，一辆辆载有"嫦娥"、"七仙女"的花车漫游其间，服饰鲜艳的艺人和青年载歌载舞。
 
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Some ethnic Chinese groups in Kuala Lumpur and other regions are having lantern parade in celebration of Mid-Autumn festival. Apart from dancing dragons and lions, one can find elaborate floats carrying ‘Chang’e’and ‘Seven Fairies’, artists in brightly colored costumes and young people who are dancing and singing.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 14:36, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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Chinese societies in some parts of Kuala Lumpur are currently holding lantern parades to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival. In addition to the dragon and lion dances, many floats  which carry "Chang'e" and "Seven Fairies" wandering around here. And artists and young people in beautiful costumes  will sing and dance.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 08:12, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
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Handout [[Media:Porcelain_handout.docx]] by --[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 07:25, 18 October 2020 (UTC)
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公元前117年，东汉的张衡制造了大型天文计时仪器--水运浑天仪，初步具备了机械性计时器的作用。随后历代都相继制作了附设有计时装置的仪器，其中，宋代苏颂制造的水运仪象台，把机械装置的发展推到了一个新的高峰。
 
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In 117 BC, Zhang Heng in the Eastern Han Dynasty invented the water-driven celestial globe which was equipped with basic functions of a mechanical timekeeper. In the following dynasties, instruments possessed timekeeping devices were created, among which the water-driven celestial observatory created by Su Song in the Song Dynasty pushed the development of timekeepers to a new height.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 14:36, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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=====Tan Yuanyuan 谭媛媛=====
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===Text C Celadon ===
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台湾海峡位于福建省和台湾省之间，从南到北连接着南海和东海，是中国的海上运输的重要通道，人们称它为“海上走廊”。
 
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Situated between the Fujian Province and Taiwan Province,Taiwan Strait is an important channel for China's maritime transportation connecting South China Sea and East China Sea from south to north,and people call it the "Sea Corridor."
 
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Situated between the Fujian Province and Taiwan Province,Taiwan Strait is an important channel for China's maritime transportation connecting South China Sea and East China Sea from south to north.Hence people call it the "Sea Corridor."--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:55, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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民俗学家们常说，中秋节直到明朝才具备“团圆”的节日内涵，但从殷文圭的诗句看，虽然唐朝时中秋还未正式成为一个节日，但中秋在当时人们心中，已然有了团圆的象征。
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Classroom presentation [[Media:Celadon.pptx]]by --[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 06:48, 18 October 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing
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Folklorists often say that the Mid-Autumn Festival did not have the connotation of "reunion" until the Ming Dynasty. However, according to Yin Wengui's poems, although Mid-Autumn Festival had not officially become a festival in the Tang Dynasty, that day had already become the symbol of reunion in the hearts of people at that time.
 
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However, according to Yin Wengui's poems, although Mid-Autumn Festival had not officially become a festival in the Tang Dynasty, that day had already become the symbol of reunion in the minds of people at that time. --[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:55, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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大约在西汉时期有人造出一种“指南车”，这种两轮的车在行走中无论如何转弯，车上的指示器始终指向事先设定的方向。
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Handout by[[Media:Celadon.docx]]--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 09:01, 18 October 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu
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Around the West Han Dynasty, there was a man-made "guide car".No matter how the car turned,the indicator on this kind of two-wheeled car always pointed at the direction set in advance.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 03:04, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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Around the Western Han Dynasty, there was a man-made "South-pointing Cart".No matter how the two-wheeled car turned,the indicator on it always pointed at the direction set in advance.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:55, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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=====Tang Bei 汤蓓=====
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===<span style="color:red">'''Homework from Session 5 (Oct 19, 2020), due for Session 6 (Oct 26, 2020)'''</span>===
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往古之时，四极废，九州裂，天不兼覆，地不周载；火爁焱而不灭，水浩洋而不息；猛兽食颛民，鸷鸟攫老弱。
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1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can <span style="color:red">'''write it [[20201019_cult|here]]'''</span>.
  
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In ancient times, the four corners of the sky collapsed and the world with its nine regions split open. The sky could not cover all the things under it, nor could the Earth carry all the things on it. A great fire raged and would not die out; a fierce flood raced about and could not be checked. Savage beats devoured innocent people; vicious birds preyed on the weak and old.
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2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.
  
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浮游逍遥，道鬼神，登九天，朝帝於灵门，宓穆休於太祖之下。
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==6th Session: Unit 5: Traditional Cuisine==
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Floating freely over the clouds, she took ghosts and gods to the ninth heaven and had an audience with the Heavenly Emperor at Ling Men, where she rested in peace and dignity under the emperor.
 
  
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女娲不彰其功，不扬其声，隐真人之道，以从天地之固然。
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===Text A Four Distinct Regional Cuisines ===
  
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Nuwa never boasted of her achievements, nor did she try to win any renown; she wanted to conceal her virtues, in line with the ways of universe.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 13:23, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
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Presentation by Shi Haiyao[[Media:Four_Distinct_Regional_Cuisines_Shi_Haiyao_S.pptx|Shi Haiyao's presentation on Four Distinct Regional Cuisines]]--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 02:16, 26 October 2020 (UTC)
  
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=====Tang Yiran 汤伊然=====
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Handout by Luo Yuqing[[Media:Four Distinct Regional Cuisines.docx]]--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 07:43, 25 October 2020 (UTC)
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尘烟滚滚，人声嘈杂，夜色愈深，一切都陷入混乱之中。
 
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As the night grew darker, flinging dust, billowing smoke and uproars send everything into a mess.----[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 11:45, 24 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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The dust, the uproar and the growing dark threw everything in chaos.--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 07:31, 26 September 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling
 
  
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几百万年前，青藏高原隆起，地球历史上此一重大地壳运动形成了中国的地貌。从空中俯瞰中国大地，地势就像阶梯一样，自西向东，逐渐下降。
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===Text B The Art of Chinese Cooking  ===
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Millions years ago, the uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau—a historic crustal movement forges the landforms of China. An overlook in the air shows us a ladder-like terrain, falling off from the western towards eastern land of China.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 09:14, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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上巳(sì)节，俗称三月三，汉民族传统节日。上巳节的历史由来已久，在上古时代上巳已成为大规模的民俗节日，春和景明，人们走出家门，集于水边，举行清除不祥的祓除仪式。
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Presentation by 曹润鑫 [[Media:The art of Chinese cooking.pptx]]--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 15:00, 25 October 2020 (UTC)
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Shangsi Festival, also known as the Double Third Day, is one of the traditional festivals of the Chinese Nation. It had developed into a large-scale folk celebration in ancient times and boasts a long history. On this day, with gorgeous vernal scenery, people would go for outings and gather at the riverside, invoking cleansing rituals to prevent disease and getting rid of bad luck.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 09:14, 25 September 2020 (UTC)  
 
  
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地动仪是中国汉朝东汉科学家张衡创造的传世杰作，其有八个方位，每个方位上均有口含龙珠的龙头，在每条龙头的下方都有一只蟾蜍与其对应。任何一方如有地震发生，该方向龙口所含龙珠即落入蟾蜍口中，由此便可测出发生地震的方向。
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Handout by 邹鑫雨 [[Media:The art of Chinese cooking.docx]]--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 15:01, 25 October 2020 (UTC)
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The Seismograph was a great invention by Zhang Heng, a Chinese scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Outside the apparatus are eight dragons holding bronze balls in mouth towards eight directions. Right below these dragons are toads sitting on the pedestal. If there were an earthquake, accordingly, the dragon towards the certain direction would send the ball into the mouth of toad below it. In this way, the direction of earthquake can be pointed out.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 09:13, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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=====Wang Meiling 王美玲=====
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Presentation by ALSIED SAFFANA [[Media:The Art of Chinese Cooking - SAFFANAALSIED and HATHITHUHANG_Final.pptx]] -- [[User:SAFFANA_ALSIED_2|SAFFANA_ALSIED_2]] ([[User talk:SAFFANA_ALSIED_2|talk]]) 15:25, 24 October 2020 (UTC)
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1. 英国是位于西欧的一个岛国，是由大不列颠岛上英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士以及爱尔兰岛东北部的北爱尔兰共同组成的一个联邦制岛国。英国被北海、英吉利海峡、凯尔特海、爱尔兰海和大西洋包围。东临北海，面对比利时、荷兰、德国、丹麦和挪威等国；西邻爱尔兰，横隔大西洋与美国、加拿大遥遥相对。
 
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Located in Western Europe,Britain is a federal island country composed of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland in the northeast of Ireland. Britain is surrounded by the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea, the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Britain, to whose east is the North Sea, faces Belgium, Holland, Germany, Denmark and Norway in the East.With Ireland on its west, it faces the United States and Canada across the Atlantic Ocean at quite a distance.
 
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2. 安史之乱是中国唐代玄宗末年至代宗初年(755年12月16日至763年2月17日)由唐朝将领安禄山与史思明背叛唐朝后发动的战争，是同唐朝争夺统治权的内战，为唐由盛而衰的转折点。这场内战使得唐朝人口大量丧失，国力锐减。因为发起反唐叛乱的指挥官以安禄山与史思明二人为主，因此事件被冠以安史之名。又由于其爆发于唐玄宗天宝年间，也称天宝之乱。
 
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The Anshi rebellion was a war launched by Tang generals An Lushan and Shi Siming after their betraying Tang Dynasty from the last years of Xuanzong to the first years of Daizong in Tang Dynasty(December 16, AD 755 to February 17, AD 763). It was a civil war waged for seizing the right of domination with the Tang Dynasty, which was the turning point of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline. The civil war claimed a great quantity of population and a sharp declination in national strength of the Tang Dynasty. The commanders of the anti Tang rebellion were headed by an Lushan and Shi Siming, for which the incident was named after Anshi. Bursting out in the Tianbao period of Tang Dynasty Emperor Xuanzong , it was also called Tianbao rebellion.
 
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3.每年端午节起至农历五月尾是贵州苗族龙舟节。云贵一带，在气候上雨旱季十分分明，在旱季里，雨水尤为珍贵。因此，苗人划龙舟多与天气和农事活动密切相关。龙舟比赛通常都会有驱旱求雨、庆祝插秧成功、预祝五谷丰登等实际意义。
 
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From the Dragon Boat Festival to the end of the fifth month of the lunar calendar, the Miao nationality celebrates Dragon Boat Festival in Guizhou.Yungui area is distinctive in its monsoon and dry season in terms of the climate.When it comes to its dry season, rain appears particularly precious. Therefore, Miao people rowing dragon boats are closely related to the weather and agricultural activities.The dragon boat race usually has practical significance, such as dispersing drought and seeking rain, celebrating the success of transplanting rice seedlings beforehand, and praying for a bumper grain harvest.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 13:59, 25 September 2020 (UTC)王美玲
 
  
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=====Wang Xuan 王轩=====
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Handout by HA THI THU HANG [[Media:The Art of Chinese Cooking Handout Final.docx]] -- [[User:HATHITHUHANG2|HATHITHUHANG2]] -- ([[User talk:HATHITHUHANG2|talk]]) 15:38, 24 October 2020 (UTC)
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1. 中国位于亚洲东部、太平洋的西岸。领土辽阔广大、陆地总面积约960万平方米，仅次于俄罗斯、加拿大，居世界第3位，第四位为美国。差不多同整个欧洲面积相等。
 
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China is located in the east of Asia and in the western coastline of Pacific Ocean. Large in its territory, it covers a total land area of 9.6 million square meters, ranking a close 3th after that of Russia and Canada and before that of US. It almost equals the Europe area.
 
  
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China is located in the east of Asia and in the western coastline of Pacific Ocean. Large in its territory, it covers a total land area of 9.6 million square meters, ranking a close 3rd after that of Russia and Canada and before that of US. It almost equals the Europe area.--[[User:Zhang Yinliu|Zhang Yinliu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yinliu|talk]]) 12:39, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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2. 中秋节起源于上古时代，普及于汉代，定型于唐朝初年，盛行于宋朝以后。中秋节是秋季时令习俗的综合，其所包含的节俗因素，大都有古老的渊源。中秋节与春节、清明节、端午节并称为中国四大传统节日。
 
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The Mid-autumn Festival can date back to the ancient times. The festival was known in the Han dynasty, set in the early Tang and popular after Song. It comprises seasonal customs in the autumn, most of which boast a long history. What's more, it is one of the four traditional Chinese festivals together with the Spring Festival, Tome-sweeping Festival and Dragon Boat Festival.
 
  
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3. 中国传统文化是一个综合的文化，强调整体性思维方式。中国传统文化是把文史哲、政法经、农工医等都当作一个整体来看待，而不是把它们分门别类。
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===Text C Two Famous Dishes  ===
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The traditional Chinese culture is comprehensive and in turn attaches importance to comprehensive thinking. It regards as a whole literature, history, philosophy, politics, law, ecomony, agriculture, technology and medicine.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 07:31, 27 September 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan.
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Classroom Presentation [[Media:Two_Famous_Dishes_Yuan_Tianyi_S.pptx|Yuan Tianyi's Presentation on Two Famous Dishes]]--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 02:17, 24 October 2020 (UTC)
  
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=====Wu Qiong 吴琼=====
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Handout by Zhang Weihong [[Media:Two Famous Dishes.doc]] --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 11:16, 25 October 2020 (UTC)ZhangWeihong
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1. 中国位于亚洲东部、太平洋的西岸。领土辽阔广大，陆地总面积约960万平方千米，仅次于俄罗斯、加拿大，居世界第3位，第四位为美国。
 
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China lies in the eastern Asia and western Pacific Ocean, with vast territory. Its total land area is about 9.6 million square kilometers, which is second only to Russia and Canada, ranking at the third place, and the forth is the United States.
 
  
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2. 中华人民共和国国庆节是国家的一种象征，是伴随着新中国的成立而出现的，并且变得尤为重要。
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===Text D Chopsticks  ===
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The National Day of People's Republic of China is a symbol of a nation, established by the founding of new China, and becoming extremely important.
 
  
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2. 中华人民共和国国庆节是国家的一种象征，是伴随着新中国的成立而出现的，并且变得尤为重要。
+
Presentation by Jiang Qiwei[[Media:Chopsticks.pptx]]--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 04:33, 26 October 2020 (UTC)
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The National Day of People's Republic of China is a symbol of the nation, commemorating the establishment of new China, thus becoming extremely important. --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 15:43, 27 September 2020 (UTC)Zhang Weihong
 
  
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3. 中国古代科技具有很强的实用性，服务于生产和巩固统治的需要。
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Handout by Hu Jin[[Media:handout for chopsticks.docx]]--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 15:56, 23 October 2020 (UTC)
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Ancient Chinese science and technology is truly practical, and it serves for the demands of production and governing consolidation.
 
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--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 10:08, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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Ancient Chinese science and technology is truly practical as it serves for the demands of production and governance.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 00:31, 28 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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=====Wu Yilu 吴一露=====
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===<span style="color:red">'''Homework from Session 6 (Oct 26, 2020), due for Session 7 (Nov 2, 2020)'''</span>===
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1.1978年11月，中国政府决定在西北、华北和东北实施“三北”防护林体系建设工程。这项被称为“绿色长城”的生态建设工程延绵4480公里，是世界上最大的生态建设工程。
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1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can <span style="color:red">'''write it [[20201026_cult|here]]'''</span>.
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In November, 1978, China’s government has decided to implement the "Three-North Protection Forest System" in the northwest, north and northeast China. This ecological conservation project, known as Green Great Wall，extends 4，480 kilometers, so it is the world’s largest ecological construction project.
 
  
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2.每年农历5月24日至27日，几十个村寨相继举行龙船节。当地习惯，从16日开始，只要全寨薅完秧，本寨的龙船便可下水。
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2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.
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The Miao Dragon-Boat Festival is celebrated from the 24th to the 27th of the fifth lunar month. According to local custom， people are allowed to send their dragon boats down the river after the 16th， only if they have finished weeding their fields.
 
  
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3. 上海博物馆展出一件铜镜--“透光镜”，它是西汉时期的珍品，直径为11.5厘米。这面铜镜与普通铜镜一样，背面有图案，还有铭文。
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3. Please answer the quiz on https://bit.ly/Unit-6 or on http://shijiehanxue.mikecrm.com/BNFafJP
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There is a treasure of the Western Han Period exhibited in Shanghai Museum— the"penetrative bronze mirror",  measuring 11.5 cm in diameter. It is similar to ordinary bronze mirrors bearing patterns and inscriptions on the back.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 13:24, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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1.1978年11月，中国政府决定在西北、华北和东北实施“三北”防护林体系建设工程。这项被称为“绿色长城”的生态建设工程延绵4480公里，是世界上最大的生态建设工程。
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==7th Session: Unit 6==
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In November, 1978, China’s government has decided to implement the "Three-North Protection Forest System" in the northwest, north and northeast China. This ecological construction project, known as Green Great Wall，extends 4，480 kilometers, which  is listed as the world’s largest one.
 
  
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2.每年农历5月24日至27日，几十个村寨相继举行龙船节。当地习惯，从16日开始，只要全寨薅完秧，本寨的龙船便可下水。
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===Text A Painting ===
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The Miao Dragon-Boat Festival is celebrated from the 24th day to the 27th day of the fifth lunar month. According to local customs,people are allowed to send their dragon boats down the river after the 16th day，only if they have finished weeding their fields.
 
  
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3. 上海博物馆展出一件铜镜--“透光镜”，它是西汉时期的珍品，直径为11.5厘米。这面铜镜与普通铜镜一样，背面有图案，还有铭文。
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Presentation by Zhu Xu [[Media:Painting by Zhu Xu.pptx]]--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 03:29, 1 November 2020 (UTC)
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There is a treasure of the Western Han Period exhibited in Shanghai Museum— the"penetrative bronze mirror",  measuring 11.5 cm in diameter. It is similar to ordinary bronze mirrors bearing patterns and inscriptions on the back.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 02:50, 26 September 2020 (UTC)王美玲
 
  
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=====Wu Zijia 吴子佳=====
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Handout [[Media:Chinese_Painting_Mo_Ling.docx|Mo Ling's Handout on Chinese Painting]]--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 04:17, 1 November 2020 (UTC)
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1.中国的国旗是五星红旗，五颗黄色星星一大四小，小星呈弧形环绕在大星右侧，同时红色象征着革命。
 
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The national flag of China is the Five-star Red Flag ,and there is one big yellow star with four small ones encircled on its right in the shape of an arch,and red is a symbol of revolution.
 
  
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2.不同地区的彩灯风格迥异，陕北的农民用南瓜做灯笼，用棉花等材料做成羊头形状。
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===Text B Seal-cutting ===
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Different regions have different lanterns.Farmers in the northern Shaanxi province will make lanterns with pumpkins and will decorate the lanterns with some materials such as cotton to make them look like sheep's heads.
 
  
 +
Presentation by Zhao Xi [[Media:Seal-cutting by Zhao Xi.pptx]]--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 13:32, 29 October 2020 (UTC)
  
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Styles of colorful lights are varied in different regions.For example, peasants in Northern Shaanxi Province  utilize pumpkins as lanterns and make the shape of sheep's head  with cottons and other materials.--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 07:49, 26 September 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling
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Handout by Zhang Yu [[Media:Seal-cutting by Zhang Yu and Zhao Xi.docx]]--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 13:14, 29 October 2020 (UTC)
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3.自改革开放以来,世界也见证着中国的高速发展与变化,并出现了新的四大发明--高铁、手机支付、共享单车以及网上购物。
 
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Since the start of reform and opening up,the world has witnessed a lot of changes and rapid growth in China ,including the new four great inventions--high-speed railway,mobile payments,bike-sharing and online shopping.--[[User:Wu Zijia|Wu Zijia]] ([[User talk:Wu Zijia|talk]]) 12:30, 25 September 2020 (UTC)吴子佳
 
  
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=====Xiao Shuangling 肖双玲=====
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===Text C Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ===
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1.中国地势西高东低，山地、高原和丘陵约占陆地面积的67％，盆地和平原约占陆地面积的33％。
 
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1.The terrain of China is high in the West and low in the East. Mountains, plateaus and hills account for about 67% of the land area, and basins and plains account for about 33%.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 01:59, 27 September 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling
 
  
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The relief of China is high in the west but low in the east. Mountains, plateaus and hills cover about 67% of the land area, basins and plain cover about 33%.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 02:47, 27 September 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting
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Presentation by Wu Zijia [[Media:Presentation.Badashanren and QiBaishi.pptx]]--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 05:35, 30 October 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia
  
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2.中国传统节日，是中华民族悠久历史文化的重要组成部分，形式多样、内容丰富。传统节日的形成，是一个民族或国家的历史文化长期积淀凝聚的过程。
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Handout by Lei Kuangxi [[Media:Handout.Badashanren and Qi Baishi.docx ]]--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 05:05, 30 October 2020 (UTC)Lei Kuangxi
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2. Chinese traditional festivals is an important part of the long history and culture of the Chinese nation, with various forms and rich contents. The formation of traditional festivals is a process of long-term accumulation of the history and culture of a nation or country.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 01:59, 27 September 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling
 
  
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As an indispensable part of the long history and culture of the Chinese nation,Chinese traditional festivals are of diversified forms and rich contents.It is formed in a country's or a nation's long-time accumulation of history and culture.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 02:47, 27 September 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting
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===<span style="color:red">'''Homework from Session 7 (Nov 02, 2020), due for Session 8 (Nov 09, 2020)'''</span>===
 +
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c) and translate it into English. You can <span style="color:red">'''write it [[20201102_cult|here]]'''</span>.
  
 +
2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.
  
−
3.只要谈到中国古代五千年文明，心中定会洋溢着自豪之情。无论是文化还是科技都是领先于世界。尤其是四大发明，代表着中国古代科技的最高成就。
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==8th Session: Unit 7==
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3.As long as we talk about the five thousand years of ancient Chinese civilization, we will be filled with pride. Both culture and technology are ahead of the world. In particularly, the Four Great Inventions represent the highest achievements of the science and technology in ancient China.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 15:14, 26 September 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling
 
  
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When it comes to the ancient Chinese civilization of five thousand years,we will be so very proud.Not only culture but also technology are advanced in the world,especially the four great inventions representing ancient China's ultimate achievement in science and technology.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 02:47, 27 September 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting
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===Text A Architecture ===
  
 +
Presentation by Zhang Peiwen [[Media:Chinese Architecture.pptx]]--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 11:57, 8 November 2020 (UTC)
  
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When it comes to the 5000-year-old Chinese civilization, we will be very proud. China are ahead of the world in terms of culture and technology. The four great inventions, in particular, representing ancient China's ultimate achievement in science and technology.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 05:03, 27 September 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia
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Handout by Zhang Yujie [[Media:Ancient Chinese Architecture.docx]]--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 03:18, 8 November 2020 (UTC)
  
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=====Xiao Ting 肖婷=====
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===Text B Gardens ===
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1.中秋节是中国的传统佳节，根据史籍的记载，“中秋”一词最早出现在《周礼》一书中。到唐朝初年，《唐书》记载有“八月十五中秋节”，中秋节才成为固定的节日。宋朝，中秋节开始盛行。The Mid-Autumn festival is a Chinese traditional festival.According to historical records,”Zhong Qiu(Mid-Autumn)”origianlly appeared in ''Zhou Li'' and by the Tang dynasty,there are records of “In August fifteenth,It is the Mid-Autumn festival”in ''The Book of Tang ''when it had been fixed.It became popular in the Song dynasty.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 02:10, 27 September 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting
 
  
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1.The Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional Chinese festival.According to the historical records, the term “Zhong Qiu(Mid-Autumn)” first appeared in the book of Rites of Zhou. In the early years of Tang Dynasty,due to the record of “August 15th, Mid-Autumn Festival” in the Book of Tang Dynasty, the Mid-Autumn Festival then became a fixed festival. In the Song Dynasty, the Mid-Autumn Festival began to prevail.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 03:30, 27 September 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling
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Presentation by Zhang Yuxing [[Media:Gardens.pptx]]--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 08:37, 8 November 2020 (UTC)  
  
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2.西部有世界上最高大的青藏高原，平均海拔4000米以上，素有“世界屋脊”之称。
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Handout by Xie Fan [[Media:Gardens on the Yangtze Delta.docx]] --[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 13:12, 8 November 2020 (UTC)
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In the west,there is the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the largest in the world,with an average altitude of more than 4000 meters.It is known as the "Roof of the World".--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 02:10, 27 September 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting
 
  
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2.There is the world's highest and largest Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the west of China,with an average altitude of more than 4000 meters, known as the “Roof of the World”.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 03:30, 27 September 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling
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===Text C The Summer Palace ===
  
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3.僧一行是世界上用科学方法实测地球子午线长度的第一人.
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Presentation by Tan Yuanyuan [[Media:The Summer Palace.pptx]]--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 14:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)
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Seng Yixing was the first person who used scientific methods to measure the length of the terrestrial meridian in the world .--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 01:58, 27 September 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting
 
  
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3.Seng Yixing was the first person in the world to scientifically measure the length of the earth's meridian.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 03:30, 27 September 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling
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Handout by Liu Yi [[Media:The Summer Palace.docx]]--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 14:49, 7 November 2020 (UTC)
  
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=====Xie Fan 解帆=====
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===<span style="color:red">'''Homework from Session 8 (Nov 09, 2020), due for Session 9 (Nov 16, 2020)'''</span>===
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湖南省位于我国中部、长江中游，因大部分区域处于洞庭湖以南而得名“湖南”。
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1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can <span style="color:red">'''write it [[20201109_cult|here]]'''</span>.
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Hunan Province lies in central China and along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It is named after its greater parts located at the south of Dongting Lake.("Hu"means "lake" and "nan" means "south" in Chinese.)--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 07:38, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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Hunan Province lies in central China and along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.It is named so as it's largely located at the south of Dongting Lake.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 13:42, 25 September 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing
 
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中秋节月亮圆满，象征团圆，因而又叫“团圆节”。
 
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At the Mid-Autumn Festival nights, the moon is at its full. It is believed that the moon's shape stands for reunion, therefore, that day is called "Reunion Festival" as well.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 07:38, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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At the Mid-Autumn Festival nights,the moon is at its full,which stands for reunion,thus being called "Reunion Festival" as well.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 13:42, 25 September 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing
 
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四大发明是中国古代先民为世界留下的一串光耀的足迹，是人类文明进步作出巨大贡献的象征。
 
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The four great inventions of ancient China are the brilliant footprint left by Chinese in ancient times and the symbol of great contributions to human civilization.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 07:38, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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The four great inventions are the brilliant footprints left by Chinese in ancient times and the symbol of great contributions made from the progress of human civilization.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 13:42, 25 September 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing
 
  
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=====Xu Jia 徐佳=====
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2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.
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1.大自然的鬼斧神工，造就了长江三峡绝妙的奇景。气势雄伟的瞿塘峡，逶迤曲折的巫峡，礁石纵横的西陵峡，无不风姿绰约，光彩照人。
 
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The wonderful scenery of the Three Gorges represents one of the most ingenious creations by Mother Nature. The Three Gorges consist of breath-taking Qutang Gorge, winding Wu Gorge and rocky Xiling Gorge, all boasting splendid landscape.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 07:25, 26 September 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia
 
  
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==9th Session: Unit 8==
  
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2. 在奇光异彩交相辉映中，众多的龙舟如银河流星，顺流而下，千姿百态，令人叫绝。
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===Text A Classical Literature ===
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Bathed in impressive radiance, a great number of dragon boats in different shape row quickly downstream, which presents a picture of splendid beauty.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 07:32, 26 September 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia
 
  
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Presentation by [[Media:Classical Literature-Shi Jing as the Beginning.pptx]]--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 05:34, 16 November 2020 (UTC)
  
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3. 指南针的发明是我国古代劳动人民在长期的实践中对物体磁性认识的结果。
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Handout by [[Media:Classical Literature-Shi Jing as the Beginning.docx]]--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 03:44, 16 November 2020 (UTC)
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The invention of compass was the brainchild of the ancient Chinese people, who had gained a knowledge of magnetism through longterm practice. --[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 07:25, 26 September 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia
 
  
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Ancient Chinese people invented compass after their acquaintance with magnetism through long-term practice.--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 13:10, 27 September 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling
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===Text B Modern Literature ===
  
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=====Xu Jing 许静=====
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Presentation by [[Media:Modern literature.pptx]]--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 02:39, 16 November 2020 (UTC)
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华西秋雨以绵绵细雨为主。唐代文学家柳宗元曾用“恒雨少日，日出则犬吠”来形容四川盆地阴雨多、日照少的气候特点。
 
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The autumn rain in West China features continuous and fine rain. Liu Zongyuan, the well-known writer in Tang Dynasty, described the weather in Sichuan Basin as “continuous rain, rare sunny day, even dog would bark in joy, when sun appears”.
 
  
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家庭是华人社会的基石，一年一度的团圆饭充分表现出中华民族家庭成员的互敬互爱，这种互敬互爱使一家人之间的关系更为紧密。
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Handout by [[Media:Modern Literature.docx]] --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 14:53, 15 November 2020 (UTC)
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Families are the cornerstone of the whole society in China. A reunited dinner each year fully presents the mutual respect and love between family members, which contributes to a closer family.
 
  
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东汉和帝时，蔡伦用树皮、破布、废网等造纸，纸质坚韧，造价便宜，于是“天下咸称蔡侯纸”。
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===Text C Contemporary Literature ===
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In the year of Emperor Liu Zhao of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun made paper of higher quality using cheap materials like tree bark, tatters, and scrapped net. After that, this kind of paper were called by the public Cai Hou Paper.
 
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--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 16:05, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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=====Yang Chenting 杨晨婷=====
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Presentation by [[Media:Contemporary Literature.pptx]]--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 16:34, 14 November 2020 (UTC)
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道教文化是华夏文明的底色，也是人类文明的留白之处，好象宇宙的空间地带，虽然不可及，却支撑着整个宇宙。
 
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Taoist culture plays an essential part in Chinese civilization, as well as a reservation of human civilization. It’s like an empty space in the universe, which was far away, but supports the whole universe.
 
  
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Taoist culture plays an basic part in Chinese civilization and the blank space of human civilazation. It seems that the space zone of the universe is far-fetched,but it does support the whole universe.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 08:09, 27 September 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan
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Handout by[[File:Handout-Contemporary Literature.docx]]--[[User:Yi Zichu|Yi Zichu]] ([[User talk:Yi Zichu|talk]]) 12:44, 14 November 2020 (UTC)
  
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和谐是人类的基本目标,安居乐业，也就是和谐社会的基本景象，向来都是一个国家人民生活的基本条件。
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===Text D Selected Tang Poems ===
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Harmony is the basic pursue of human beings. A pleasant living and working space for people is also the basic demand of a harmonious society, which will always be a basic condition for a country’ s people to live.
 
  
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Harmony is the basic goal of human beings. To live and work in peace and contentment is the basic scene of a harmonious society as well as the basic condition for a country's people to live.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 08:09, 27 September 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan
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Presentation by [[Media:Selected_Tang_Poems_by_Lei_Fangyuan_S.pptx|Lei Fangyuan's presentation on Selected Tang Poems]]
  
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老子的《道德经》是汉民族第一部研究伦理道德的专著 ,《道经》主要揭示天道自然观 ,《德经》则专指社会人生观。
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Handout by  [[Media:Selected_Tang_Poems_by_Guan_Qinqing_S.pdf|Guan Qinqing's handout on Selected Tang Poems]]
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Moral Classic is the first book studying ethics of Han Nationality. Dao Jing is about the view point of the universe and De Jing is about the society. --[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 08:49, 25 September 2020 (UTC)Yang chenting
 
  
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Laozi's Tao Te Ching is the first book studying ehics and morality for Han nation. Tao Jing mainly reveals the view of the universe and De Jing the society.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 08:09, 27 September 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan
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===<span style="color:red">'''Homework from Session 9 (Nov 16, 2020), due for Session 10 (Nov 23, 2020)'''</span>===
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1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can <span style="color:red">'''write it [[20201116_cult|here]]'''</span>.
  
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=====Yang Hairong 杨海容=====
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2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.
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1.南方，指秦岭淮河以南，青藏高原以东的地区，常特指位于一特定的或暗示的方位点以南的地区。
 
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The south of China, refers to the area south of the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River and east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It often refers specifically to the area south of a specific or implied location.
 
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2.自汉至唐，骚人墨客纷纷吟咏月亮及月中之事，八月十五月圆时成为抒发感情的极佳时刻。
 
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From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, poets and authors chanted the moon and the things of the moon one after another. When the moon is full on 15th August in Chinese lunar calendar, it is time for an excellent time to express feelings.
 
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3.竹子的纤维硬、脆、易断，技术处理比较困难，用竹子造纸的成功，表明中国古代的造纸技术已经达到相当成熟的程度。
 
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The fiber of bamboo is hard, brittle, and fragile, and it is difficult to extract. The success of making paper with bamboo illustrates that ancient Chinese paper-making technology has fairly matured.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 13:33, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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1.South China refers to the area south of the Qinlin Mountains and the Huaihe River, and east of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is often used to refer to an area south of a specified location.
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==10th Session: Unit 9==
  
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2.From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, poets and writers created much works related to the moon. The Mid-Autumn Festival with a full moon, August 15th in Chinese lunar calendar,served as an excellent time for emotion expression.
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===Text A Peking Opera ===
  
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3. Since bamboo is difficult to deal with for its fragile fibre, the creation of bamboo paper was a symbol of the ancient China's fairly mature technology in paper making. --[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 03:56, 28 September 2020 (UTC)
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Presentation by [[Media:Beijing opera.pptx]]--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 07:14, 22 November 2020 (UTC)
  
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=====Yang Hui 阳慧=====
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Handout by [[Media:Beijing Opera Hanout.docx]]--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 15:53, 19 November 2020 (UTC)
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西塘古镇是我国江南水乡的民居代表，清新秀雅，美不胜收。它在浙江嘉兴，位于上海和杭州之间。这个占地规模并不大的古镇有着悠久的历史。
 
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With an exceptional collection of quaint residential buildings peculiar to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the ancient town Xitang has a wide range of beauty to offer.
 
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中国新年（也称之春节）每年由来自世界各地数以百万民众庆祝，被视为最为重要的中国传统节日。
 
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Chinese New Year (also called t传统认为，造纸术在中国能够追溯到公园前105年。据史料记载，东汉时期的蔡伦是第一个用树皮、亚麻、破布、旧鱼网这一类材料造出纸的。Papermaking has traditioally been traced to China about AD 105.According historical records, Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty was the first person who, using such materials as bark, hards, rags and old fishnet, made what was to be termed as paper.he Spring Festival) is celebrated each year by millions of people throughout the world and viewed as the most significant of the traditionl Chinese holidays.
 
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传统认为，造纸术在中国能够追溯到公园前105年。据史料记载，东汉时期的蔡伦是第一个用树皮、亚麻、破布、旧鱼网这一类材料造出纸的。Papermaking has traditioally been traced to China about AD 105.According historical records, Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty was the first person who, using such materials as bark, hards, rags and old fishnet, made what was to be termed as paper.--[[User:YangHui|YangHui]] ([[User talk:YangHui|talk]]) 10:27, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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=====Yang Yue 杨悦=====
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Beijing or Peking?
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噫吁嚱，危乎高哉！蜀道之难，难于上青天！
 
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Alas! What height and how perilous! The journey to the Sichuan Road is more difficult than climbing Heaven!--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 02:37, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全。但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。
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From the English perspective, for some foreign names (city names, people‘s names etc.) there are English translations existing, e.g. for Roma it is „Rome“, for München it is Munich. Similarly, Beijing in English is Peking, Guangzhou Canton, Mao Zedong Mao Tse-tung etc. Also in Chinese, there are Chinese translations of foreign names, like Niuyue 纽约、Bali 巴黎 etc. Of course, in exceptional cases, e.g. if you want to say how Chinese people pronounce Peking („Beijing“) you may use the official Pinyin notation „Beijing“.
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People may have sorrow and joy and they part and get together  again.The moon sometimes dims or shines and sometimes waxes or wanes. This matter cannot be perfect in all ages. We wish you a long life so as to share the beauty of this moon even though we are thousands of miles apart.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 02:37, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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印刷术的出现，加快了文化传播，改变了欧洲只有上等人才能读书的状况。
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===Text B  Mei Lanfang ===
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The advent of printing accelerated the spread of culture and changed the situation that only the upper class in Europe could receive education.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 02:27, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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The advent of printing accelerated the spread of culture, thus changing the situation in Europe where only the upper class has access to education. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 02:51, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
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Presentation by Zeng Liang[[Media:Mei Lanfang.pptx]]--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 06:21, 22 November 2020 (UTC)
  
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=====Yang Ziling 杨子泠=====
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Handout by Chen Yongxiang [[Media:Mei Lanfang handout.docx]]--[[User:Chen Yongxiang|Chen Yongxiang]] ([[User talk:Chen Yongxiang|talk]]) 12:16, 22 November 2020 (UTC)
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中秋之夜，举杯团圆，叶已纷飞情义绵延。 On Mid-Autumn night, people propose a toast to the reunion when leaves are falling and people are happily gathering.
 
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On Mid-Autumn Festival night,  people propose a toast to the reunion  when gathering with massive leaves floating in the sky. --[[User:YangHui|YangHui]] ([[User talk:YangHui|talk]]) 10:40, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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In the evening of Mid-Autumn festival, people from all of the nation propose a toast to family reunion with yellow leaves are falling from trees, full of in-depth affection and warmth. --[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 03:50, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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海南岛轮廓形似一个椭圆形大雪梨，地势四周低平，中间高耸，属热带海洋性季风气候，全年暖热，雨量充沛。
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===Text C  Acrobatics ===
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The outline of Hainan Island resembles a large oval-shaped pear. The terrain is low and flat all around and high in the middle. It has a tropical maritime monsoon climate, warm and hot throughout the year with abundant rainfall.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 03:12, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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===<span style="color:red">'''Homework from Session 10 (Nov 23, 2020), due for Session 11 (Nov 30, 2020)'''</span>===
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1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c) and translate it into English. You can <span style="color:red">'''write it [[20201123_cult|here]]'''</span>.
  
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新年到，老幼尽开颜。倒数声声天地响，腾星点点世人欢。守夜不思眠。
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2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.
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When New Year comes, the young and the old are happy. The countdown sounds loudly and the whole town is immersed in a festival atmosphere when people stay awake all night long.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 06:48, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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=====Yi Zichu 义子楚=====
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==11th Session: Unit 10==
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1. 青藏高原约占中国领土面积的四分之一，其中大部分地区非常偏远，不适宜人类居住
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Unit 10 Wushu and Qigong
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The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is about one quarter of China's territory，and much of it is extremely remote and inhospitable
 
  
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The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau makes up one quarter of China's territory, much of which is too remote and inhospitable for humans. --[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 04:07, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
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===Text A  Wushu ===
  
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2. 七夕节来源于牛郎织女的传说。相传，每逢七月初七，人间的喜鹊就要飞到天上去，在银河为牛郎织女搭鹊桥约会
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Presented by 张慧 [[Media:Chinese Martial Arts.pptx]]--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 07:58, 28 November 2020 (UTC)
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Double Seventh Day comes from the legendary story of the Cowherd and the Weaving Girl. During the day，many magpies would fly to the Milky Way to build a bridge for them to date
 
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3. 在古代，刺绣只由特权阶级特享，象征较高的社会地位
 
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In ancient times, embroidery could be enjoyed only by the privileged class and symbolized their high social status.--[[User:Yi Zichu|Yi Zichu]] ([[User talk:Yi Zichu|talk]]) 08:19, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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1.青藏高原约占中国领土面积的四分之一，其中大部分地区非常偏远，不适宜人类居住。
 
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The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau covers a quarter of China’s territory,with most of its areas too remote to settle down.--[[User:Liu Liu|Liu Liu]] ([[User talk:Liu Liu|talk]]) 01:32, 27 September 2020 (UTC)Liu Liu
 
  
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=====You Yuting 游雨婷=====
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Handout by 赵晓燕,[[Media:Chinese martial arts.docx]]--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:04, 28 November 2020 (UTC)--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:38, 28 November 2020 (UTC)
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1.五千年的华夏文明孕育了我们祖国灿烂的历史文化，大自然的鬼斧神工雕刻出了神州大地山绝石险的自然奇观。我们的祖国宽广博大、秀丽天成、历史悠久。
 
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Five thousand years of Chinese civilization gave birth to the splendid history and culture of our motherland, and in a magical way nature has carved out the natural wonders of the land of China. Our country is broad and beautiful with a long history
 
  
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2.民俗节日来自于人文与自然文化，最早的风俗活动是和原始崇拜、祭祀文化有关。每个传统节日有每个节日的活动载体，诸如灯会、划龙舟等。
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===Text B  Qigong ===
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Folk festivals derive from human culture and natural culture. The earliest custom activities are related to primitive worship and sacrificial culture. Each traditional festival has its own carrier, such as exhibition of lanterns and dragon boat race.
 
  
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3.在人类历史上，封建社会科学文化的最高成就是由中国创造的。其中农学、医学、数学、天文学是我国古代的四大自然科学。
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Presented by Rajabov Anushervon [[Media:Qigong_Ngo_Thi_Minh_Huong_and_Rajabov_Anushervon.pptx]]--[[User:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10]] ([[User talk:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|talk]]) 23:45, 29 November 2020 (UTC)
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In the history of mankind, the highest achievement of science and culture in feudal society was the creation of China. Among them, agronomy, medicine, mathematics and astronomy are the four natural sciences in ancient China.
 
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--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 08:46, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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3. In the history of humankind, it was China that achieved the greatest achievement of science and culture in feudal society. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 01:21, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
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Handout by Ngo Thi Minh Huong [[Media:Qigong.docx]] --[[User:Ngo Thi Minh Huong|Ngo Thi Minh Huong 10]] ([[User talk:Ngo Thi Minh Huong|talk]])
  
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=====Yu Ni 余妮=====
+
===Text C  Huo Yuanjia ===  
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1.在中国的大地上，有雄伟的高原、起伏的山岭、广阔的平原、低缓的丘陵，还有四周群山环抱的盆地。
 
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On the land of China, there are majestic plateaus, undulating mountains, vast plains and gentle hills, as well as basins surrounded by mountains and low and flat in the middle.
 
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2.重阳节早在战国时期就已经形成，到了唐代，重阳被正式定为民间的节日。重阳这天所有亲人都要一起登高“避灾”，插茱萸、赏菊花。
 
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The Double Ninth Festival has been formed as early as the Warring States period. By the Tang Dynasty, it was officially designated as a formal festival. On that day, all relatives should climb together to "avoid disaster", insert dogwood and appreciate chrysanthemum.
 
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3.张衡发明制作的地动仪，可以遥测千里以外地震发生的方向，比欧洲早1700多年。
 
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The seismograph invented and manufactured by Zhang Heng can detect the direction of the thousand mile earthquake, more than 1700 years earlier than that of Europe.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 09:30, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
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1.On the land of China, there are majestic plateaus, undulating mountains, vast plains and gentle hills, as well as basins surrounded by mountains while being low and flat in the middle.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:15, 25 September 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu
 
  
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=====Yuan Tianyi 袁天翼=====
+
Presented by 欧阳玲 [[Media:Huo Yuanjia.pptx]]--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 05:04, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling
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中国地处亚洲大陆东部，太平洋西岸，在总面积960多万平方千米的国土上，自然与地理环境多姿多彩，东西南北风光迥异，山川江河蕴藏着极为丰富的动植物资源，良好的地理环境造就了无数的天然名胜。
 
  
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China, located on the eastern part of the continental Asia and the western shore of the Pacific Ocean, whose territory covers an area of over 9.6 million square kilometers, boasts colorful and miscellaneous natural and geographical environments, with distinctive scenery of the east, west, south, and north, as well as mountains and rivers that enjoy extremely rich fauna and flora resources, where gorgeous geographical environments give birth to countless natural scenic spots.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 13:15, 24 September 2020 (UTC)
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Handout by 周艺文 [[Media:Huo Yuanjia Handout.docx]]--[[User:Zhou Yiwen|Zhou Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yiwen|talk]]) 11:13, 26 November 2020 (UTC)
  
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农历五月初五是端午节，这个节日在中国已有2000多年的历史。端午节起源于对伟大爱国诗人屈原的纪念活动。千百年来，人们用吃粽子和赛龙舟这两种形式来庆祝这个节日。粽子是端午节最受欢迎的食物。如今，粽子有各种各样的形状和馅料。
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===<span style="color:red">'''Homework from Session 11 (Nov 30, 2020), due for Session 12 (Dec 07, 2020)'''</span>===
 +
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c) and translate it into English. You can <span style="color:red">'''write it [[20201130_cult|here]]'''</span>.
  
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The fifth lunar day of the fifth lunar month is China’s Dragon Boat Festival, boasting a history of over 2000 years in China, which originates from the memorial activities for the great patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Over the thousands of years, people celebrate this day by eating rice dumplings—the most popular food on that day, and racing dragon boats. Nowadays, the rice dumpling has miscellaneous shapes and fillings.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 14:04, 24 September 2020 (UTC)
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2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.
  
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说到中国古代的科技文明，就不能不说四大发明。人们普遍认为，指南针、火药、造纸术和印刷术的发明对中国古代的政治、经济、文化的发展产生了巨大的推动作用；并且，这些发明经由各种途径传至西方，也影响着世界的文明进程。
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==12th Session: Unit 11==
  
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When it comes to ancient China’s science and technology inventions, we have to mention the Four Great Inventions. It is widely acknowledged that the inventions of compass, gunpowder, papermaking and printing have amazingly synergized the development of the politics, economy and culture of ancient China; moreover, those inventions were spread to the West through sundry approaches, causing effects on the process of the world civilizations.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 14:04, 24 September 2020 (UTC)
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Unit 11 Traditional Medicine
  
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=====Zeng Xinyuan 曾心媛=====
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===Text A  Chinese Medicine ===
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提到湘西，第一个想到的必定是凤凰古城。这座曾被新西兰作家路易艾黎称作我国最美的小城，的确美得让人沉醉。
 
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When it comes to Xiangxi, the first thing that springs to one’s mind must be the Ancient Town of Fenghuang. The town, which was called the most beautiful small town in China by a Zelanian writer Rewi Alley, is so beautiful that may intoxicate someone.
 
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--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 13:11, 25 September 2020 (UTC)Zeng Xinyuan
 
  
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按中国古代历法的解释，八月是秋季的第二个月，称“仲秋”，八月十五又在仲秋之中，所以叫“中秋”。
+
===Text B  Diagnosis and Pharmacology ===
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According to explanations in ancient Chinese calendar, August is the second month in autumn, called “midautumn” , and August 15th is in the middle of midautumn, thereby, it is called mid-autumn.
 
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--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 13:13, 25 September 2020 (UTC)Zeng Xinyuan
 
  
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传统的观点认为司南是中国汉代甚至战国时代华夏劳动人民发明的一种最早的指示南北方向的指南器，还不是真正意义上的现代指南针。
 
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In traditional views, people believed that Sinan is a compass that indicates direction of south and north , invented by Chinese working people in Han Dynasty or even Warring States period, but not a modern compass in a real sense.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 13:17, 25 September 2020 (UTC)Zeng Xinyuan
 
  
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=====Zeng Liang 曾良=====
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===Text C  Acupuncture and Moxibustion ===  
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长沙是首批国家历史文化名城，历经三千年城名、城址不变，有“屈贾之乡”、“楚汉名城”、“潇湘洙泗”之称。
 
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Changsha is one of the first famous national historical and cultural cities. It has had its city name and townsite unchanged for three thousand years and it is known as “the hometown of Qu Yuan and Jia Yi”, “Famous City in Chuhan country” and “Xiaoxiangsizhu”.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 08:25, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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据中国传统习俗，人们通常在清明节放风筝。但每逢清明，也是雨纷纷的季节，因而不适合放风筝。
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[[File: Acupuncuture and Moxibustion.pptx]]Presented by 吴一露 --[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 02:30, 7 December 2020 (UTC)
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According to Chinese traditions and customs, flying kites usually happen at the Qing Ming Festival. But Tomb-Sweeping Festival is during the rainy season which obviously is not suitable for flying a kite.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 08:25, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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中国不仅是火箭的发明者，而且还是首先企图利用固体燃料火箭将人类载到空中去的幻想者。
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[[File: Acupuncuture and Moxibustion_handout.docx]]Handout by 司妤--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 02:35, 7 December 2020 (UTC)
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The Chinese is not only the inventor of the rocket but also the first fantast who wants to carry man into space with solid rocket.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 08:25, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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Chinese is not only the inventor of the rocket but also the first who fancy sending humankind into space by it in solid fuel.--[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 03:38, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
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===Text D  The Development of Chinese Medicine===
  
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=====Zhang Hui 张慧=====
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Presented by 汤蓓[[Media:The Development of Chinese Medicine.pptx]]--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 03:10, 7 December 2020 (UTC)
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因位于黄河北岸而得名的河北省，在古代它的部分土地属于冀州，所以河北简称“冀”，人民政府所在地是石家庄。Located on the northern bank of the Yellow River, Hebei province got its name. In ancient times, part of its land belonged to Jizhou, so Hebei was referred to as "Ji" for short. The seat of the people's government is Shijiazhuang.
 
  
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For the reason of being located on the northen bank of the Yellow River, Hebei province got its name.(In Chinese, "river" pronounces "he" and "north" pronounces "bei" .)In ancient time, some aeras of Heibei were administrated by Jizhou, so Hebei is briefly named as Ji. Its seat of people's government is Shijiazhuang.--[[User:Zhou Yiwen|Zhou Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yiwen|talk]]) 15:37, 25 September 2020 (UTC)--[[User:Zhou Yiwen|Zhou Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yiwen|talk]]) 15:46, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
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Handout by 王美玲[[Media:The Development of Chinese Medicine.docx]]--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 03:06, 7 December 2020 (UTC)
  
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蒙古族在中秋的这一天，会组织大家一起来玩“追月”的游戏，一群人在圆月之下，飞奔在草原上，一直朝着西方奔去，因为月亮是从东方升起，在西方坠落，所以朝着西方奔去才算是“追月”，这一风俗符合了蒙古族的潇洒的性格。
 
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In the Mid-Autumn festival,Mongolians will group together to play the game "chasing the moon".Under the full moon,a group of people will gallop on the grassland and run all the way towards the west.Since the moon rises in the east and falls in the west, it is regared as "chasing the moon" running towards the west.This custom is consistent with the natural and unrestrained character of the Mongolian nationality.
 
  
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蒙古族在中秋的这一天，会组织大家一起来玩“追月”的游戏，一群人在圆月之下，飞奔在草原上，一直朝着西方奔去，因为月亮是从东方升起，在西方坠落，所以朝着西方奔去才算是“追月”，这一风俗符合了蒙古族的潇洒的性格。
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===<span style="color:red">'''Homework from Session 12 (Dec 07, 2020), due for Session 13 (Dec 14, 2020)'''</span>===
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In the Mid-Autumn festival, Mongols will group together to play the game "chasing the moon". Under the full moon, a group of people will gallop on the grassland and run all the way towards the west. Since the moon rises in the east and falls in the west, it is only regarded as "chasing the moon" when people run westwards. This custom is consistent with the unrestrained character of Mongols.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 07:08, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
+
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c) and translate it into English. You can <span style="color:red">'''write it [[20201207_cult|here]]'''</span>.
  
 +
2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.
  
 +
==13th Session: Unit 12==
  
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煤，石油和天然气是现代能源的主要组成部分，它们的开发利用也最早出现在我国，大约都是从汉代开始的，不过当时还没有发挥太大的作用。
+
Unit 12 Major Religions
−
Coal, oil and natural gas are the main components of modern energy. The exploitation and utilization for them also first appeared in China and started from about Han Dynasty, but they did not play a significant role at that time.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 01:54, 25 September 2020 (UTC)--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 02:47, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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=====Zhang Ling 张玲=====
+
===Text A  Buddhism ===
−
1. 南海是我国石油和贸易的生命线，我国60%的外贸运输都要途径南海，可见其地理位置的重要性。
 
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The South China Sea is the lifeline of China's oil and trade. 60% of China's foreign trade and transportation must go through the South China Sea, which shows the importance of its geographical location.
 
  
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The South China Sea, the lifeline of China for its abundance in oil reserves and a trade hub as around 60% foreign trade shipping in China going through this area, from which embodies the importance of its geographical location.--[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 03:10, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
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Presented by 康浩宇  [[Media:Buddhism.pptx]]
  
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2. 重阳节的习俗普及于汉代，汉代是我国南北各地的经济文化交流融合时期，各地文化上的交流使节日习俗融合传播。
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Handout by 刘欧 [[Media:Buddhism.docx]]
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The customs of the Double Ninth Festival was popularized in the Han Dynasty which was a period of economic and cultural exchange and integration between the north and south of China. The cultural exchanges between various regions promoted the integration and spread of the festival customs.
 
  
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3. 东汉时，蔡伦在总结前人经验的基础上，改进了造纸术，他用树皮、麻头、破布和旧渔网等材料制成植物纤维纸。
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Presented by Phyo Su Kyi [[Media: Life of the Buddha.pptx]]
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In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Can Lun improved paper-making on the basis of summing up the experience of his predecessors. He used such materials as bark, hemp, rags and fishing nets to make plant fiber paper.--[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 07:03, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun improved paper-making techniques on the basis of summing up the experience of predecessors, using materials such as barks, hemp, rags and ragged fishing nets to make plant fiber paper.--[[User:Zhang Yinliu|Zhang Yinliu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yinliu|talk]]) 12:26, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
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Handot by Phyo Su Kyi [[Media: Life of the Gotama Buddha.docx]]
  
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=====Yang Chenting=====
+
===Text B  Daoism ===
−
重阳节的习俗普及于汉代，汉代是我国南北各地的经济文化交流融合时期，各地文化上的交流使节日习俗融合传播。
 
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The customs of the Double Ninth Festival was popularized in the Han Dynasty, which was a period of economic and cultural exchange and integration between the north and south of China, making the different culture of various regions begin to exchange. --[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 08:56, 25 September 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting
 
  
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=====Zhang Peiwen 张佩闻=====
+
Presented by桂一枝[[Media:Daoism.pptx]]--[[User:Gui Yizhi|Gui Yizhi]] ([[User talk:Gui Yizhi|talk]]) 12:09, 13 December 2020 (UTC)
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Geography, festivals,science and technology
 
  
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地理学是研究地球表面的地理环境中各种自然现象和人文现象，以及它们之间相互关系的学科。地理是一门综合性的基础学科。
 
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Geography is a subject that studies all kinds of natural phenomena and human behaviors on the earth. It is a comprehensive basic subject/subject comprising many aspects.
 
  
 +
Handout by 阳慧[[Media: Daoism.docx]]--[[User:YangHui|YangHui]] ([[User talk:YangHui|talk]]) 01:58, 12 December 2020 (UTC)
  
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国务院将其列入首批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。自2008年起中秋节被列为国家法定节假日。
+
===Text C  Islam ===
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It has been listed into the first batch of state-level intangible culture heritage announced by the State Council, being deemed as one of the national holidays since 2008.
 
  
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传统认为，科学是人类所积累的关于自然、社会、思维的知识体系。
+
Presented by 刘柳 [[Media:Islam.pptx]]--[[User:Liu Liu|Liu Liu]] ([[User talk:Liu Liu|talk]]) 14:49, 13 December 2020 (UTC)
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Traditionally, science and technology is regarded as a system of knowledge about nature, society and thoughts accumulated by human.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 13:34, 24 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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1.Geography is a subject that studies all kinds of natural phenomena and human phenomena in the geographical environment of the earth's surface, as well as their interrelations. Geography is a comprehensive basic subject.
+
Handout by 刘怡瑜 [[Media:Islam Handout.docx]]--[[User:Liu Yiyu|Liu Yiyu]] ([[User talk:Liu Yiyu|talk]]) 15:12, 13 December 2020 (UTC)
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2.The State Council has included Mid- Autumn Festival in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.Since 2008,It's been listed as a national legal holiday.
 
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3.Traditionally, science is thought as a system of knowledge about nature, society and thoughts accumulated by human.--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 08:57, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
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=====Zhang Weihong 张维虹=====
+
===Text D  Christianity ===
 +
Presented by 彭锐宏
 +
[[Media:Christianity.pptx]]--[[User:Peng Ruihong|Peng Ruihong]]
  
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A.中国南方喀斯特是世界上最壮观的湿热带-亚热带喀斯特景观之一，分布在贵州、广西、云南、重庆等省，占地面积共计97，125公顷。
+
Handout by 彭锐宏
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South China Karst is one of the world's most spectacular humid tropical-subtropical karst landscapes. Covering 97,125 hectares, it spreads over the provinces of Guizhou, Guangxi, Yunnan and Chongqing.
+
[[Media:Christianity.docx]]--[[User:Peng Ruihong|Peng Ruihong]]
  
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B.性情内敛、平和度日的中国人，能和“狂欢”扯得上边的大概只有元宵节了。
+
===<span style="color:red">'''Homework from Session 13 (Dec 14, 2020), due for Session 14 (Dec 21, 2020)'''</span>===
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Most of Chinese people are conservative and live a peaceful life. The only revelry for them may be the Lantern festival.  
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1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b) and translate it into English. You can <span style="color:red">'''write it [[20201214_cult|here]]'''</span>.
  
−
C.天灯，又称孔明灯，相传为三国时期诸葛亮的发明，也被公认为热气球的始祖
+
2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.
−
Sky lantern, also known as Kongming Lantern, was said to be developed by Zhuge Liang in the Three Kingdoms Period. It was also commonly recognized as the origin of hot air balloon.
 
  
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Sky lantern, also known as Kongming lantern, was said to be created by Zhuge Liang in the Three Kingdoms Period. It was also commonly recognized as the origin of hot air balloon.--[[User:Zhang Yinliu|Zhang Yinliu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yinliu|talk]]) 15:25, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
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==14th Session: Unit 13==
  
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=====Zhang Yinliu 张银柳=====
+
Unit 13 Classical Philosophy
−
1.夏季阳光直射点在北半球，加之北方纬度高，白昼长，获得的光热相对增多，缩短了与南方的气温差距。
 
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In summmer,the subsolar point is in the Northern Hemisphere. In addition, the north area has a high latitude and long day-time, which makes it receive more light and heat and shortens the temporature difference with south area. 
 
  
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2.古时在我国福建一些地区，中秋之夜有“抛帕招亲”的习俗。
+
===Text A  Confucius and Confucianism  ===
−
In some areas of Fujian province in ancient times, there was a custom called "Finding the Mr right by throwing handkerchief."
 
  
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2.In ancient times, some areas in Fujian Province of China has a custom of throwing a handkerchief for marriage at Mid-autumn night.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 05:48, 28 September 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu
+
Presented by [[Media:Confucianism.pptx]]--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 08:20, 18 December 2020 (UTC)
  
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3. 春秋战国时期，代表各阶级，阶层利益的不同思想学说纷起，大量的思想家，哲学家各持主张，到处游说，造成“百家争鸣”的局面。
+
Handout by 罗维嘉[[Media:confucianism.docx]]--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 07:33, 21 December 2020 (UTC)
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In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a variety of thoughts representing different classses and stratums thrived. Many ideologists and philosophers lobbied everywhere with their own ideas, causing the contention of a hundred schools of thoughts.--[[User:Zhang Yinliu|Zhang Yinliu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yinliu|talk]]) 12:15, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
−
=====Zhang Yinliu 张宇星=====
+
===Text B Daoism ===
  
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张家界国家森林公园地处武陵山脉东段，境内多山，地势由西北向东南倾斜，桑植县境西北的斗蓬山海拔1890米为市境最高处。
+
Presented by 余妮 [[Media:Daoism.pptx]]--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]]
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Zhang Jiajie National Forest Park, lying in the east range of Wuling Mountain and declining from the northwest to southeast, contains many hills and mountains, among which the Doupeng Mountain, located in the Sangzhi County, touches the highest point in this region with altitude of 1890 meters.
 
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中秋节以月之圆兆人之团圆，为寄托思念故乡，思念亲人之情，祈盼丰收、幸福，成为丰富多彩、弥足珍贵的文化遗产。
 
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In the Mid-Autumn festival, as the full moon symbolizes a family reunion, it contains nostalgia and the feeling of missing families. It also became a valuable and an important cultural heritage with profound meanings and various activities to pray for good harvest and happiness.
 
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印刷术是人类近代文明的先导，为知识的广泛传播、交流创造了条件。
 
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Printing is foreground of modern human civilization, preparing for the widespread and communication of knowledge.
 
  
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As the foreground in modern human civilizations, printing creates conditions for the succeeding widespread and exchange of knowledge.--[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 02:38, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
+
Handout by 杨晨婷 [[Media:DAOISM.docx]]--[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]]
  
−
=====Zhang Yu 张瑜=====
 
−
中国地形、气候十分复杂，土地类型复杂多样，为农、林、牧、副、渔多种经营和全面发展提供了有利条件。 China's landform and climate are very complex, and the land types are various, which provide advantages for the diversified economy and comprehensive development of farming, forestry, animal husbandry, side-line production and fishery.
 
−
清明节是中华民族古老的节日，既是一个扫墓祭祖的肃穆节日，也是人们亲近自然、踏青游玩、享受春天乐趣的欢乐节日。 The Tomb-Sweeping Day is a traditional Chinese festival. It's not only a solemn festival to sweep tombs and worship ancestors, but also a happy day for people to close to the nature, go for an outing and enjoy the fun in Spring.
 
−
四大发明对中国古代的政治、经济、文化的发展产生了巨大的推动作用，经各种途径传至西方，对世界文明发展史产生巨大的影响力。 Four Great Inventions greatly promoted the political, economic and cultural development in ancient China. It spreaded to west through various methods and had great impacts on history of world's civilization. --[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 13:39, 24 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
−
四大发明对中国古代的政治、经济、文化的发展产生了巨大的推动作用，经各种途径传至西方，对世界文明发展史产生巨大的影响力。
+
===<span style="color:red">'''Homework from Session 14 (Dec 21, 2020), due for Session 15 (Dec 28, 2020)'''</span>===
−
The Four Great Inventions have greatly promoted the development of politics, economy and culture in ancient China. They spread to the west through various channels, and had a great influence on the history of world civilization.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 15:17, 24 September 2020 (UTC)
+
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b) and translate it into English. You can <span style="color:red">'''write it [[20201221_cult|here]]'''</span>.
  
−
清明节是中华民族古老的节日，既是一个扫墓祭祖的肃穆节日，也是人们亲近自然、踏青游玩、享受春天乐趣的欢乐节日。 The Tomb-Sweeping Day is a traditional Chinese festival. It's not only a solemn festival for sweeping tombs and worshiping ancestors, but also a happy day for people to get close to the nature, go for an outing and enjoy the fun in Spring.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 01:41, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
+
2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.
  
−
=====Zhang Yujie 张毓婕=====
+
==15th Session: Unit 14==
−
当春天的时候，我国的最北方黑龙江省还是白雪皑皑、冰封千里之时，远在千里之外的海南岛已经是春暖花开、鸟语花香了。
 
  
−
In spring when Heilongjiang province, the northest one of China, is covered with snow and ice, Hainan island, thousands of miles away from it, is immersed in a warm atmosphere with fragrance of flowers in full blossoms and singing of lively birds.
+
Unit 14 China and the outside world
  
−
每逢中秋之夜，人们仰望月中丹桂，闻着阵阵桂香，喝一杯桂花蜜酒，欢庆合家甜甜蜜蜜，欢聚一堂，已成为佳节的一种美的享受。
+
===Text A  Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ===
  
−
When it comes to Mid-autumn night, Chinese people would get together to celebrate this traditional festival with their family: appreciate the bright round moon, smell the fragrance of Osmanthus, drink cups of sweet Osmanthus wine, which has been a wonderful enjoyment.
+
Presented by 李丽琴 [[Media: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road.pptx]]--[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 14:09, 27 December 2020 (UTC)
  
−
外国用火药制造子弹御敌，中国却用它做爆竹敬神。
+
Handout by 郭露 [[Media: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road.docx]]--[[User:Guo Lu|Guo Lu]] ([[User talk:Guo Lu|talk]]) 14:10, 27 December 2020 (UTC)
  
−
Westerners used gunpowder to make weapons for defeating their enemies, while Chinese used it to make firecrackers for superstitious rites.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 09:51, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
+
===Text B Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ===
  
−
=====Zhao Xi 赵茜=====
+
Presented by 何长琦[[Media:Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road.pptx]]--[[User:He Changqi|He Changqi]] ([[User talk:He Changqi|talk]]) 14:34, 27 December 2020 (UTC)
−
承德避暑山庄不仅具有极高的美学研究价值，而且还保留着中国封建社会发展末期的罕见历史遗迹。
 
−
Chengde Summer Resort not only possesses highly aesthetic study value, but also retain rare historical relics of the final development of feudal society in China.
 
  
−
中秋夜那轮圆月就是时光的车轮，碾去悠悠的岁月，却牵动着多情的目光。
+
Handout by 胡百辉[[Media:Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road.docx]]
−
The full moon on the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival is just like the wheels of time, running over endless years, but affecting amorous eyes.
 
  
−
早在战国时期，人们就发现了磁力，并用磁石制造了一种仪器，用它来辨别方向,这无疑是世界上最早的指南针。
+
===Text C  The Eastward Spread of Western Learning===
−
Early in the Warring States Period, people discovered magnet, and invented an instrument by using magnetite to recognize directions. Undoubtly, this was the earliest compass in the world.
 
  
−
Early in the Warring States Period (475BC.-221BC.), people discovered the existence of magnetic force so they invented an instrument by using magnetite to show directions. That was no doubt the earliest compass in the world.--[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 13:29, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
−
Chengde Summer Resort not only possesses highly aesthetic study value, but also retain rare historical relics of the final development of feudal society in China.--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 15:59, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
+
===Text D  The Westernization Movement===
  
−
=====Zhao Xiaoyan 赵晓燕=====
+
===<span style="color:red">'''Homework from Session 15 (Dec 28, 2020), due for Session 16 (Jan 04, 2021)'''</span>===
−
云南省人民政府所在地昆明市，是中国的历史文化名城之一，也是闻名中外的“春城”，这里冬天不冷，夏天不热，气候温和，四季如春。
+
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b) and translate it into English. You can <span style="color:red">'''write it [[20201228_cult|here]]'''</span>.
−
Kunming, the seat of the people's government of Yunnan Province, is one of the famous historical and cultural cities in China, and also known as the Spring city due to its warm climate.
 
−
Kunming,the seat of People's Government of Yunnan Province, is one of the famous historical and cultural cities in China, and also known as "the Spring City" due to its mild climate with four seasons like spring.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 08:13, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
−
据说，此夜月球距地球最近，月亮最大最圆，所以从古至今都有饮宴赏月的习俗。
+
2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.
−
It's said that the moon is the closest to the earth this night, representing the biggest and roundest feature itself, so people get used to feasting and enjoying the moon in this night since the ancient time.
 
−
It's said that the moon is the closest to the earth this night, representing the biggest and the roundest feature itself, so there has been a custom of feasting and admiring the full moon since the ancient times.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 08:13, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
−
经过秦汉，即封建社会巩固和发展时期，我国科学文化的总体水平跃居世界前列，许多领域还在世界上处于领先地位。
+
==16th Session: Unit 15==
−
After Qin and Han Dynasties, the development and consolidation period of the feudal society, the overall level of science and culture in China leaped into the front ranks of the world, with many fields taking the lead.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 01:30, 25 September 2020 (UTC)--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 02:46, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
−
After Qin and Han Dynasties, the period of consolidation and development of the feudal society, China's overall level of science and culture has leapt to the front rank of the world, with many fields taking a leading position.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 08:13, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
−
=====Zhou Yiwen 周艺文=====
+
Unit 15 Selected Readings in Classical Philosophy
−
1.西湖的湖体轮廓呈近椭圆形，湖底部较平坦，湖泊平均水深为2.27米，最深约5米，最浅不到1米。
 
−
The West Lake is nearly elliptic in shape and relatively even in its lake bed. The average depth of water is 2.27 meters, the deepest about 5 meters and, the shallowest less than a meter. 
 
  
−
2.中国幅员辽阔，历史悠久，所以关于元宵节的习俗在各地也不尽相同，其中吃元宵、赏花灯、舞龙、舞狮子等是元宵节等几项重要民间习俗。
+
===Text A  Tao Te Ching===
−
Due to the vast territory and long history of China, the customs of the Lantern Festival in China vary widely between different regions, among which eating sweet dumplings, watching lantern shows, dragon dance and lion dance are very important folk customs.
 
  
−
3.北魏时期，地理学家郦道元的《水经注》，以《水经》为纲，全面而系统地介绍了水道流经地区的自然地理和经济地理等诸方面的内容，是一部历史、地理、文学价值都很高的综合性地理著作。
+
Classroom presentation by Gennadii Dashkin [[Media:Tao Te Ching.pptx]]
−
In the Northern Wei Dynasty, the geographer Li Daoyuan created the book Commentary on the Waterways Classic, which is a comprehensive geographical work of high value in history, geography and literature . Taking Waterways Classic as the outline, Li, in his book, gives a all-sided and systematic indroduction to the physical and economic geography of the areas through which a waterway flows. --[[User:Zhou Yiwen|Zhou Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yiwen|talk]]) 15:16, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
−
=====Zhou Yuanqu 周园曲=====
+
Handout by Gennadii Dashkin [[Media:Tao Te Ching Handout.docx]]
−
1.西北地区深居内陆，距海遥远，独特的地理环境造就了这里雄浑壮美的自然风光和悠久的文明历史。China's northwest region is situated inland and far away from the sea. This unique geological environment creates its magnificent scenery and nurtures its time-honored civilization and history.
 
−
2.中秋节源自天象崇拜，由上古时代秋夕祭月演变而来。The Mid-Autumn Festival is originated from people's worship of heavenly bodies and evolves from the sacrificial ceremony of the moon in China's ancient times.
 
−
3.墨子和他的学生进行了光的直线传播的小孔成像的实验，说明了焦距与物体成像的关系。By conducting the experiment of pin-hole imaging, which is based on the principle of light travelling in straight lines, Mo-tse and his students elucidated the relationship between focal distance and image formation.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 02:14, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
−
=====Zhu Meimei 祝美梅=====
+
===Text B  The Analects===
−
五彩斑斓的吉林黑土地，种啥啥长人民币。Jilin, a multicolored province in China, produces abundant financial gains on its fertile farmland.--[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 03:12, 24 September 2020 (UTC)--[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 03:15, 24 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
−
“月饼切开吃还是直接吃”上热搜：南北差异还是刻板印象？"How to eat a mooncake, cutting into pieces or eating one as a whole directly" hits the headline on Chinese social media, a difference between the North and South or a kind of stereotype? 
+
Presented by GUIROU BARTHELEMY[[Media:Analects.pptx]]
  
−
指南针是一种判别方位的简单仪器，又称指北针，据《古矿录》记载最早出现于战国时期的磁山一带。Compass, a simple apparatus used to differentiate directions, also called north stabilized indicator, firstly appeared in the vicinity of Magnet Mountain (Ci Mountain) during the Warring States Period (475BC-221BC) noted by “Records of Ancient Minerals". --[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 12:36, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
+
Handout by PINGKI TANCHANGYA[[Media:Analects.docx]]
  
−
Jilin, a province in China that boasts multicolored black earth, returns worthy financial gains to people no matter what is planted on its fertile land.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 13:26, 24 September 2020 (UTC)
+
===Text C  The Sutra of Hui-neng===
  
−
=====Zhu Xu 朱旭=====
+
===Text D  The Importance of Living===
−
湖南位于我国东南腹地，长江中游，是连接东部沿海省与西部内陆省的桥梁地带。
 
−
Hunan province is located in the hinterland of southeast China and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. It is a bridge between the eastern coastal provinces and the western inland provinces.
 
−
人们在中秋节以月亮寄托思念故乡、亲朋之情，祈盼丰收。中秋节逐渐成为丰富多彩、弥足珍贵的文化遗产。
 
−
In the Mid-Autumn festival people enjoy the moon to express feelings of missing their hometowns, families and friends and hope for harvest.The Mid-Autumn festival has gradually become a meaningful and precious Chinese culture heritage.
 
−
中国高度重视创新发展，把新一代人工智能作为推动科技跨越发展、产业优化升级、生产力整体跃升的驱动力量。
 
−
China focuses on innovative development and regards artificial intelligence as the impetus driving science and technology’s leapfrog development, industrial optimization, and upgrade of productivity growth.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 09:00, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 
  
−
=====Zou Xinyu 邹鑫雨=====
 
−
1.中国南方喀斯特经历了长期的地质年代，是地球重要而典型的自然地理特征和喀斯特地貌形态。
 
  
−
South China Karst has been through Geologic Ages for a long period and is the essential and typical natural geography characteristic and karst geomorphologic form on earth.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 05:33, 28 September 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu
+
==<span style="color:red">'''Final Exam paper - deadline extended to Dec 21, 2020'''</span>==
 +
<span style="color:red">The deadline has been extended to '''Dec 21, 2020'''. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) and sign until Dec 19. The author then finalizes (works in the suggestions) until the final deadline Dec 21!</span>
  
−
2.中秋的意境是温馨浪漫的，有民间传说的口口相传，有卷帙浩繁的文字表达，有诗情画意的场景再现。
+
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. Please also make a comparisons to similar or different cultural phenomenons in Europe and/or the USA. 
  
−
The artistic conception of Mid-autumn Festival is of warmth and romance. Among that there is word-of-mouth of folk tales, numerous expressions in Chinese books and the reappearance of poetic and pictorial spectacles.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 05:33, 28 September 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu
+
2. Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.
−
 
 
−
3.中国古代很早就开始系统编制潮汐表，至唐、宋时期达到鼎盛阶段，唐宋潮汐表的编制时间早于欧洲最早的伦敦桥涨潮表。
 
−
 
 
−
China starts to systematically compile the tidal prediction table since the very beginning of ancient times. That compilation reached its zenith in the Tang and Song Dynasties. The tidal prediction table of the Tang and Song Dynasties was compiled earlier than the earliest tidal prediction table of London Bridge in Europe.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 03:42, 28 September 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu
 
−
 
 
−
==2nd Session: Unit 1==
 
−
===Text A Geography===
 
−
Presentation by ...
 
−
 
 
−
[[Media:Dragon_Boat_Festival_by_Yang_Ziling_and_Tang_Yiran.pptx]]===Text B Traditional Festivals===
 
−
[[Media:The Dragon Boat Festival by Tang Yiran and Yang Ziling.docx]]
 
−
 
 
−
===Text C Traditional Science===
 
−
Presentation by ...
 
  
−
Classroom presentation--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 05:40, 28 September 2020 (UTC)[[Media:Paper-making_technology_by_Chen Han_S.pptx|Chen Han's presentation on Paper-making technology]]
+
You can <span style="color:red">'''write it [[20201215_cultexam|here]]'''</span>.
−
type:
 
−
Handout[[Media:Zeng_Xinyuan_Ancient_Handout.Ancient_Science_and_Technology_.docx|Zeng XinyuanAncient_Handout.Ancient_Science_and_Technology]]--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 05:49, 28 September 2020 (UTC)
 

Latest revision as of 09:59, 28 December 2020

Quicklinks: FAQ Manual

Welcome to our course website Chinese Languages and Cultures. Whenever you visit this site, please see if there is anything in English not yet translated into Chinese and make a Chinese translation beneath (one paragraph English, one paragraph Chinese). Any correction or improvement of earlier translations is welcome!

欢迎访问我们中国语言文化课网页。…………--Root (talk) 07:43, 28 September 2020 (UTC)

Organizational Things

  • Please register for the Course Wiki.
  • Please prepare each session during the week before, so that you come prepared to class.

Description of Homework

Regular students

1. Please read and prepare all the texts for the next textbook unit.

2. Please find a Chinese sentence in the internet about each of the 3-4 topics we deal with in each session (see textbook content page or on this webpage here "schedule"). Copy these sentences on our homework webpage and write translations into English (for international students: find an English sentence and translate into Chinese). Do not forget to sign by typing - - ~ ~ ~ ~ (without spaces) at the end.

Then please help your fellow students to correct and improve their translations. Do not forget to sign by typing - - ~ ~ ~ ~ (without spaces) at the end.

3. Once in the semester, you give a presentation on a topic of the textbook. Please do not just repeat the content, but say something from the perspective of a translator: What problems do you encounter when translating the textbook text or when translating texts of this topic. One student can do a presentation, the other can do a handout. Both contributions are graded separately.

Website Admin student

Thank you for helping to watch the Wiki website! Please make sure that it looks nice (formatting, especially if a fellow students makes a mess by putting the wrong format etc., should not look to crowded, so make sub-websites for homework etc.).

Online Survey students

There will be several online surveys conducted throughout the semester. Please watch your WeChat Subgroup for the first tasks.

Edits

Every student is required to edit something every week. This can be:

  • Translate a pragraph from English to Chinese.
  • Correct an earlier translation.
  • Prepare an article (please link to from this page) and/or a powerpoint (please upload here) on a topic you will present during the semester.

Material

Please download the course textbook from the WeChat Group.

Schedule

1st Session: Organizational things

2nd session: Unit 1 General Survey A. 1 Geography SAGARA SEYDOU; B. 2 Traditional Festivals: The Spring Festival, The Lantern Festival, The Dragon Boat Festival, The Mid-autumn Festival 汤伊然，杨子泠（The Dragon Boat Festival）; C. 3 Ancient Science and Technology 曾心媛 陈涵

3rd session: Unit 2 Language and Calligraphy A. 4 Chinese characters and scripts 蒋凤仪 顾东方, B. 5 Calligraphy 徐佳 肖婷, C. 6 The Evolution of Calligraphy 肖双玲 王轩

4th session: Unit 3 Traditional Crafts A. 7 Embroidery 瞿淼、娄灿灿, B. 8 Cloisonne, C. 9 Lacquerware Lô Minh Thảo- 卢明草, D. 10 Carving

5th session: Unit 4 Tea, Silk and Ceramics A. 11 Tea 祝美梅，周园曲, B. 12 Silk 吴琼 张银柳, C. 13 Porcelain Zubareva Ekaterina, ANNA GROSHEVA, D. 14 Celadon 高明珠 陈静静

Unit 5 Traditional Cuisine 15 Distinct Regional Cuisines 罗雨晴 石海瑶, 16 The Art of Chinese Cooking 邹鑫雨 曹润鑫 SAFFANA , HA THI THU HANG, C. 17 Two Famous Dishes 袁天翼 张维虹, D. 18 Chopsticks 蒋淇玮 胡瑾

Unit 6 Fine Arts A. 19 Painting 朱旭,莫玲 B. 20 Seal-cutting 赵茜 张瑜， C. 21 Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 吴子佳 雷旷溪

Unit 7 Architecture and Gardens A. 22 Architecture 张毓婕，张佩闻, B. 23 Gardens 张宇星 解帆, C. 24 The Summer Palace 刘艺 谭媛媛

Unit 8 Literature A. 25 Classical Literature 游雨婷，许静, B. 26 Modern Literature 张玲 杨海容, C. 27 Contemporary Literature 义子楚 杨悦, D. 28 Selected Tang Poems 管钦清 雷方 Ngo Thi Minh Huong (吴氏明红)

Unit 9 Peking Opera and Acrobatics A. 29 Peking Opera 甘奉玉 丁代凤, B. 30 Mei Lanfang 曾良 陈永相, C. 31 Acrobatics

Unit 10 Wushu and Qigong A. 32 Wushu 赵晓燕 张慧, B. 33 Qigong Rajabov Anushervon, C. 34 Huo Yuanjia 周艺文 欧阳玲

Unit 11 Traditional Medicine A. 35 Chinese Medicine B. 36 Diagnosis and Pharmacology, C. 37 Acupuncture and Moxibustion 吴一露 司㚥, D. 38 The Development of Chinese Medicine 王美玲 汤蓓

Unit 12 Major Religions A. 39 Buddhism 康浩宇 刘欧 Phyo Su Kyi, B. 40 Daoism 桂一枝 阳慧, C. 41 Islam 刘柳 刘怡瑜, D. 42 Christianity 彭锐宏

Unit 13 Classical Philosophy A. 43 Confucius and Confucianism 罗维嘉 李丽丽, B. 44 Daoism 余妮 杨晨婷

Unit 14 China and the outside world A. 45 Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 李丽琴 郭露, B. 46 Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 胡百辉 何长崎, C. 47 The Eastward Spread of Western Learning, D. 48 The Westernization Movement

Unit 15 Selected Readings in Classical Philosophy A. 49 Tao Te Ching Gennadii Dashkin, B. 50 The Analects GUIROU BARTHELEMY, PINGKI TANCHANGYA, C. 51 The Sutra of Hui-neng, D. 52 The Importance of Living

New topics suggested by students: ...

1st Session

Introduction to the course. Organizational things. Working with the Wiki.

Students' Homework of session 1 in preparation for session 2

Homework of Session 1 (Sep 21, 2020), due for Session 2 (Sep 28, 2020)

1. Every student should find a sentence for each text of unit 2 (A. Geography, B. Traditional Festivals, C. Ancient Science) in English and translate it into Chinese. You can write it here.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

2nd Session: Unit 1

Text A Geography

Classroom presentation Seydou Sagara's presentation on China-Geography --Sagara Seydou 3 (talk) 05:07, 6 October 2020 (UTC)

Text B Traditional Festivals

Classroom presentation Yang Zilin and Tang Yiran's presentation on Dragon Boat Festival--Yang Ziling (talk) 15:13, 7 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout Dragon Boat Festival --Tang Yiran1 (talk) 02:26, 5 October 2020 (UTC)

Text C Traditional Science

Classroom presentation Chen Han's presentation on Paper-making technology --Chen Han (talk) 05:40, 28 September 2020 (UTC)

Handout Ancient Science and Technology --Zeng Xinyuan (talk) 06:48, 28 September 2020 (UTC)Zeng Xinyuan

Homework from Session 2 (Sep 28, 2020), due for Session 3 (Oct 5, 2020)

1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c) and translate it into English. You can write it here.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.


3rd Session: Unit 2

Text A Chinese Characters and Scripts

Classroom presentation Media:Chinese Characters.ppt by Jiang Fengyi --Jiang Fengyi (talk) 07:14, 6 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout Media:Chinese Characters.docx--Gudongfang (talk) 15:36, 6 October 2020 (UTC)Gu Dongfang

Text B Calligraphy

Classroom presentation Chinese calligraphy--Xu Jia (talk) 02:03, 5 October 2020 (UTC) Xu Jia

Handout Chinese calligraphy--Xiao Ting (talk) 11:50, 10 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

Text C Evolution of calligraphy

Classroom presentation evolution of Calligraphy--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 02:14, 5 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Handout Media:calligraphy by Xiao Shuangling and Wang Xuan.docx --Wang Xuan (talk) 09:10, 15 October 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

Homework from Session 3 (Oct 7, 2020), due for Session 4 (Oct 12, 2020)

1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can write it here.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

4th Session: Unit 3 Traditional Crafts

Text A, total text no. 7, Embroidery

Classroom presentation Media:Embroidery.pptx by Qu Miao --Qu Miao (talk) 04:33, 12 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout Media:Embroidery.docx by Lou Cancan --Lou Cancan (talk) 04:24, 12 October 2020 (UTC)

Qu Miao 瞿淼、Lou Cancan 娄灿灿

Text B, total text no. 8, Cloisonne

Classroom presentation Media:...pptx by ...

Text C, total text no. 9, Lacquerware

Classroom presentation Lo Minh Thao's presentation on Chinese Traditional Crafts

Text D, total text no. 10, Carving

Classroom presentation Media:...pptx by ...

Handout Media:....docx by ...

Homework from Session 4 (Oct 12, 2020), due for Session 5 (Oct 19, 2020)

1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can write it here.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

5th Session: Unit 4

Text A Tea

Classroom presentationZhu Meimei's presentation on Tea--Zhumeimei (talk) 05:50, 19 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout Zhou Yuanqu's handout on Tea----Zhou Yuanqu (talk) 02:08, 19 October 2020 (UTC)

Text B Silk

吴琼 张银柳

Classroom presentation by Zhang YinliuMedia:Silk.pptx--Zhang Yinliu (talk) 02:30, 19 October 2020 (UTC) Handout by--WuQiong (talk) 01:44, 19 October 2020 (UTC) Media:Handout for Silk.docx

Text C Porcelain

Zubareva Ekaterina, ANNA GROSHEVA

Classroom presentation by Media:Porcelain_-_Grosheva_and_Zubareva.pptx --ANNA GROSHEVA (talk) 08:17, 18 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout Media:Porcelain_handout.docx by --ZubarevaEkaterina (talk) 07:25, 18 October 2020 (UTC)

Text C Celadon

Classroom presentation Media:Celadon.pptxby --Chen Jingjing (talk) 06:48, 18 October 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

Handout byMedia:Celadon.docx--Gao Mingzhu (talk) 09:01, 18 October 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

Homework from Session 5 (Oct 19, 2020), due for Session 6 (Oct 26, 2020)

1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can write it here.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

6th Session: Unit 5: Traditional Cuisine

Text A Four Distinct Regional Cuisines

Presentation by Shi HaiyaoShi Haiyao's presentation on Four Distinct Regional Cuisines--Shi Haiyao (talk) 02:16, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Luo YuqingMedia:Four Distinct Regional Cuisines.docx--Luo Yuqing (talk) 07:43, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

Text B The Art of Chinese Cooking

Presentation by 曹润鑫 Media:The art of Chinese cooking.pptx--Cao Runxin (talk) 15:00, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by 邹鑫雨 Media:The art of Chinese cooking.docx--Zou Xinyu2 (talk) 15:01, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

Presentation by ALSIED SAFFANA Media:The Art of Chinese Cooking - SAFFANAALSIED and HATHITHUHANG_Final.pptx -- SAFFANA_ALSIED_2 (talk) 15:25, 24 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by HA THI THU HANG Media:The Art of Chinese Cooking Handout Final.docx -- HATHITHUHANG2 -- (talk) 15:38, 24 October 2020 (UTC)


Text C Two Famous Dishes

Classroom Presentation Yuan Tianyi's Presentation on Two Famous Dishes--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 02:17, 24 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Zhang Weihong Media:Two Famous Dishes.doc --Zhang Weihong (talk) 11:16, 25 October 2020 (UTC)ZhangWeihong

Text D Chopsticks

Presentation by Jiang QiweiMedia:Chopsticks.pptx--Jiang Qiwei (talk) 04:33, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Hu JinMedia:handout for chopsticks.docx--Hu Jin (talk) 15:56, 23 October 2020 (UTC)

Homework from Session 6 (Oct 26, 2020), due for Session 7 (Nov 2, 2020)

1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can write it here.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

3. Please answer the quiz on https://bit.ly/Unit-6 or on http://shijiehanxue.mikecrm.com/BNFafJP

7th Session: Unit 6

Text A Painting

Presentation by Zhu Xu Media:Painting by Zhu Xu.pptx--Zhu Xu (talk) 03:29, 1 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout Mo Ling's Handout on Chinese Painting--Mo Ling (talk) 04:17, 1 November 2020 (UTC)

Text B Seal-cutting

Presentation by Zhao Xi Media:Seal-cutting by Zhao Xi.pptx--Zhao Xi (talk) 13:32, 29 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Zhang Yu Media:Seal-cutting by Zhang Yu and Zhao Xi.docx--Zhang Yu (talk) 13:14, 29 October 2020 (UTC)

Text C Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi

Presentation by Wu Zijia Media:Presentation.Badashanren and QiBaishi.pptx--Lei kuangxi (talk) 05:35, 30 October 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

Handout by Lei Kuangxi Media:Handout.Badashanren and Qi Baishi.docx --Lei kuangxi (talk) 05:05, 30 October 2020 (UTC)Lei Kuangxi

Homework from Session 7 (Nov 02, 2020), due for Session 8 (Nov 09, 2020)

1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c) and translate it into English. You can write it here.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

8th Session: Unit 7

Text A Architecture

Presentation by Zhang Peiwen Media:Chinese Architecture.pptx--Zhang Peiwen (talk) 11:57, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Zhang Yujie Media:Ancient Chinese Architecture.docx--Zhang Yujie (talk) 03:18, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Text B Gardens

Presentation by Zhang Yuxing Media:Gardens.pptx--Zhang Yuxing (talk) 08:37, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Xie Fan Media:Gardens on the Yangtze Delta.docx --XieFan (talk) 13:12, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Text C The Summer Palace

Presentation by Tan Yuanyuan Media:The Summer Palace.pptx--Tan Yuanyuan (talk) 14:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Liu Yi Media:The Summer Palace.docx--Liu Yi (talk) 14:49, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Homework from Session 8 (Nov 09, 2020), due for Session 9 (Nov 16, 2020)

1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can write it here.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

9th Session: Unit 8

Text A Classical Literature

Presentation by Media:Classical Literature-Shi Jing as the Beginning.pptx--Xu Jing (talk) 05:34, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Media:Classical Literature-Shi Jing as the Beginning.docx--You Yuting (talk) 03:44, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

Text B Modern Literature

Presentation by Media:Modern literature.pptx--Yang Hairong (talk) 02:39, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Media:Modern Literature.docx --Zhang Ling (talk) 14:53, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

Text C Contemporary Literature

Presentation by Media:Contemporary Literature.pptx--Yang Yue (talk) 16:34, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout byFile:Handout-Contemporary Literature.docx--Yi Zichu (talk) 12:44, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

Text D Selected Tang Poems

Presentation by Lei Fangyuan's presentation on Selected Tang Poems

Handout by Guan Qinqing's handout on Selected Tang Poems

Homework from Session 9 (Nov 16, 2020), due for Session 10 (Nov 23, 2020)

1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can write it here.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

10th Session: Unit 9

Text A Peking Opera

Presentation by Media:Beijing opera.pptx--Ding Daifeng (talk) 07:14, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Media:Beijing Opera Hanout.docx--Gan Fengyu (talk) 15:53, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Beijing or Peking?

From the English perspective, for some foreign names (city names, people‘s names etc.) there are English translations existing, e.g. for Roma it is „Rome“, for München it is Munich. Similarly, Beijing in English is Peking, Guangzhou Canton, Mao Zedong Mao Tse-tung etc. Also in Chinese, there are Chinese translations of foreign names, like Niuyue 纽约、Bali 巴黎 etc. Of course, in exceptional cases, e.g. if you want to say how Chinese people pronounce Peking („Beijing“) you may use the official Pinyin notation „Beijing“.

Text B Mei Lanfang

Presentation by Zeng LiangMedia:Mei Lanfang.pptx--Zeng Liang (talk) 06:21, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Chen Yongxiang Media:Mei Lanfang handout.docx--Chen Yongxiang (talk) 12:16, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

Text C Acrobatics

Homework from Session 10 (Nov 23, 2020), due for Session 11 (Nov 30, 2020)

1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c) and translate it into English. You can write it here.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

11th Session: Unit 10

Unit 10 Wushu and Qigong

Text A Wushu

Presented by 张慧 Media:Chinese Martial Arts.pptx--Zhang Hui (talk) 07:58, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by 赵晓燕,Media:Chinese martial arts.docx--Zhao Xiaoyan (talk) 08:04, 28 November 2020 (UTC)--Zhao Xiaoyan (talk) 08:38, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

Text B Qigong

Presented by Rajabov Anushervon Media:Qigong_Ngo_Thi_Minh_Huong_and_Rajabov_Anushervon.pptx--RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10 (talk) 23:45, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Ngo Thi Minh Huong Media:Qigong.docx --Ngo Thi Minh Huong 10 (talk)

Text C Huo Yuanjia

Presented by 欧阳玲 Media:Huo Yuanjia.pptx--Ouyang Ling (talk) 05:04, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

Handout by 周艺文 Media:Huo Yuanjia Handout.docx--Zhou Yiwen (talk) 11:13, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

Homework from Session 11 (Nov 30, 2020), due for Session 12 (Dec 07, 2020)

1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c) and translate it into English. You can write it here.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

12th Session: Unit 11

Unit 11 Traditional Medicine

Text A Chinese Medicine

Text B Diagnosis and Pharmacology

Text C Acupuncture and Moxibustion

File:Acupuncuture and Moxibustion.pptxPresented by 吴一露 --Wu Yilu (talk) 02:30, 7 December 2020 (UTC)

File:Acupuncuture and Moxibustion handout.docxHandout by 司妤--Si Yu (talk) 02:35, 7 December 2020 (UTC)

Text D The Development of Chinese Medicine

Presented by 汤蓓Media:The Development of Chinese Medicine.pptx--Tang Bei (talk) 03:10, 7 December 2020 (UTC)

Handout by 王美玲Media:The Development of Chinese Medicine.docx--Wang Meiling (talk) 03:06, 7 December 2020 (UTC)


Homework from Session 12 (Dec 07, 2020), due for Session 13 (Dec 14, 2020)

1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c) and translate it into English. You can write it here.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

13th Session: Unit 12

Unit 12 Major Religions

Text A Buddhism

Presented by 康浩宇 Media:Buddhism.pptx

Handout by 刘欧 Media:Buddhism.docx

Presented by Phyo Su Kyi Media: Life of the Buddha.pptx

Handot by Phyo Su Kyi Media: Life of the Gotama Buddha.docx

Text B Daoism

Presented by桂一枝Media:Daoism.pptx--Gui Yizhi (talk) 12:09, 13 December 2020 (UTC)


Handout by 阳慧Media: Daoism.docx--YangHui (talk) 01:58, 12 December 2020 (UTC)

Text C Islam

Presented by 刘柳 Media:Islam.pptx--Liu Liu (talk) 14:49, 13 December 2020 (UTC)

Handout by 刘怡瑜 Media:Islam Handout.docx--Liu Yiyu (talk) 15:12, 13 December 2020 (UTC)

Text D Christianity

Presented by 彭锐宏 Media:Christianity.pptx--Peng Ruihong

Handout by 彭锐宏 Media:Christianity.docx--Peng Ruihong

Homework from Session 13 (Dec 14, 2020), due for Session 14 (Dec 21, 2020)

1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b) and translate it into English. You can write it here.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

14th Session: Unit 13

Unit 13 Classical Philosophy

Text A Confucius and Confucianism

Presented by Media:Confucianism.pptx--Li LIli (talk) 08:20, 18 December 2020 (UTC)

Handout by 罗维嘉Media:confucianism.docx--Luo Weijia (talk) 07:33, 21 December 2020 (UTC)

Text B Daoism

Presented by 余妮 Media:Daoism.pptx--Yu Ni

Handout by 杨晨婷 Media:DAOISM.docx--Yang chenting


Homework from Session 14 (Dec 21, 2020), due for Session 15 (Dec 28, 2020)

1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b) and translate it into English. You can write it here.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

15th Session: Unit 14

Unit 14 China and the outside world

Text A Zhang Qian and the Silk Road

Presented by 李丽琴 Media: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road.pptx--Li Liqin (talk) 14:09, 27 December 2020 (UTC)

Handout by 郭露 Media: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road.docx--Guo Lu (talk) 14:10, 27 December 2020 (UTC)

Text B Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road

Presented by 何长琦Media:Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road.pptx--He Changqi (talk) 14:34, 27 December 2020 (UTC)

Handout by 胡百辉Media:Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road.docx

Text C The Eastward Spread of Western Learning

Text D The Westernization Movement

Homework from Session 15 (Dec 28, 2020), due for Session 16 (Jan 04, 2021)

1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b) and translate it into English. You can write it here.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

16th Session: Unit 15

Unit 15 Selected Readings in Classical Philosophy

Text A Tao Te Ching

Classroom presentation by Gennadii Dashkin Media:Tao Te Ching.pptx

Handout by Gennadii Dashkin Media:Tao Te Ching Handout.docx

Text B The Analects

Presented by GUIROU BARTHELEMYMedia:Analects.pptx

Handout by PINGKI TANCHANGYAMedia:Analects.docx

Text C The Sutra of Hui-neng

Text D The Importance of Living

Final Exam paper - deadline extended to Dec 21, 2020

The deadline has been extended to Dec 21, 2020. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) and sign until Dec 19. The author then finalizes (works in the suggestions) until the final deadline Dec 21!

1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. Please also make a comparisons to similar or different cultural phenomenons in Europe and/or the USA.

2. Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.

You can write it here.

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